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Li M, Wang YS, Elwell-Cuddy T, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:456-477. [PMID: 33350478 PMCID: PMC8359294 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report is the third in a series of studies that aimed to compile physiological parameters related to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drugs and environmental chemicals in food‐producing animals including swine and cattle (Part I), chickens and turkeys (Part II), and finally sheep and goats (the focus of this manuscript). Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest), with data on relevant parameters including body weight, relative organ weight (% of body weight), cardiac output, relative organ blood flow (% of cardiac output), residual blood volume (% of organ weight), and hematocrit reviewed and statistically summarized. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter are presented in tables. Equations describing the growth curves of sheep and goats are presented in figures. When data are sufficient, parameter values are reported for different ages or production classes of sheep, including fetal sheep, lambs, and market‐age sheep (mature sheep). These data provide a reference database for developing standardized PBPK models to predict drug withdrawal intervals in sheep and goats, and also provide a basis for extrapolating PBPK models from major species such as cattle to minor species such as sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yu-Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Trevor Elwell-Cuddy
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Hayes PM, Lucas JC, Shi X. Importance of post-exercise hypotension in plasma volume restoration. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2000; 169:115-24. [PMID: 10848641 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that post-exercise hypotension was the mechanism for the plasma volume and albumin gain during recovery. Seven healthy young men completed two experiments (> or =1 week apart) to exercise continuously at 65% of peak aerobic capacity for 60 min followed by the recovery without (experiment 1) or with phenylephrine infusion (experiment 2) to counteract post-exercise hypotension. Heart rate, arterial pressure (Finapres), plasma volume (PV, Evans blue dye dilution), haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma total solutes (refractometer), albumin, total proteins (colorimetric method), [Na+] and [K+] were not different prior to the experiments. Exercise decreased PV -13.7% (-521 mL) and -14.2% (-566 mL) at the end of 60 min in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, associated with increases in the concentrations of plasma albumin, total protein and solutes. These changes were similar between the two experiments. Following 30 min recovery in experiment 1 the decreased PV was not significantly different from the baseline. Although the volume restoration was complete at the end of 90 min recovery, the change in the albumin concentration was still above zero, indicating a gain of 11 g albumin (P < 0.05). When phenylephrine was infused during recovery, there was no gain in intravascular albumin associated with a sustained decrease in PV (-7% or -280 mL, P < 0.05) observed at the end of experiment 2. These data suggest that post-exercise hypotension may be the mechanism for a gain of intravascular albumin via the lymph return, which enhances plasma water retention and PV restoration during recovery from exercise induced hypovolaemia, even without rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Hayes
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, USA
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Eriksson L, Hydbring E, Tuomisto L, MacDonald E, Kokkonen UM, Olsson K. Intraruminal fluid administration to goats: effects of handling and fluid temperature. Acta Vet Scand 1995. [PMID: 7847198 DOI: 10.1186/bf03548334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological stress response to intraruminal fluid administration was studied in 5 female goats. The fluid was given through a stomach tube. The water was cold (10 degrees C) or warm (38 degrees C) and in an amount of 7.5-10% of body weight. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol increased significantly after both treatments. Adrenaline and noradrenaline responses were greater and more longlasting after cold water administration, but there was no difference in cortisol response between cold and warm water. Haematocrit and plasma protein concentrations increased also and the effects of cold water lasted longer. Blood pressure showed a sharp rise of short duration and was independent of water temperature. The immediate tachycardiac response was similar with both treatments, but cold water caused an additional peak 15 min later. The cooling did not increase plasma histamine level. The results suggest that stomach intubation and administration of water into the rumen leads to strong activation of hormonal and cardiovascular stress parameters even in goats well adapted to handling. Low temperature of the fluid further heightens the effect. Warming of fluids to near body temperature before their administration is thus recommended.
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