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Pei J, Wei Y, Lv L, Tao H, Zhang H, Ma Y, Han L. Preliminary evidence for the presence of programmed cell death in pressure injuries. J Tissue Viability 2024:S0965-206X(24)00117-7. [PMID: 39095251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a common healthcare problem worldwide and are considered to be the most expensive chronic wounds after arterial ulcers. Although the gross factors including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) have been identified in the etiology of PIs, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to PIs development remain unclear. Various forms of programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis have been identified in PIs. In this paper, we present a detailed overview on various forms of cell death; discuss the recent advances in the roles of cell death in the occurrence and development of PIs and found much of the evidence is novel and based on animal experiments. Herein, we also state critical evaluation of the existing data and future perspective in the field. A better understanding of the programmed cell death mechanism in PIs may have important implications in driving the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Pei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxia Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - HongYan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - YuXia Ma
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Nursing, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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2
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Sasaki T, Yamada E, Uehara R, Okada S, Chikuda H, Yamada M. Role of Fyn and the interleukin-6-STAT-3-autophagy axis in sarcopenia. iScience 2023; 26:107717. [PMID: 37744036 PMCID: PMC10515305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass wherein Fyn regulates STAT3 to decrease autophagy. To elucidate the role of inflammation in Fyn-STAT3-dependent autophagy and sarcopenia, here we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms using two mouse models of primary and secondary sarcopenia: (1) tail suspension and (2) sciatic denervation. In wild-type mice, the expression of Fyn and IL-6 increased significantly. The expression and phosphorylation levels of STAT3 were also significantly augmented, while autophagic activity was abolished. To investigate Fyn-dependency, we used tail suspension with Fyn-null mice. In tail-suspended wild-type mice, IL-6 expression was increased; however, it was abolished in Fyn-null mice, which maintained autophagy and the expression and ablation of STAT3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, Fyn was found to be associated with the IL-6-STAT3-autophagy axis in sarcopenia. This finding permits a better understanding of sarcopenia-associated metabolic diseases and the possible development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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3
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Pan Y, Yang D, Zhou M, Liu Y, Pan J, Wu Y, Huang L, Li H. Advance in topical biomaterials and mechanisms for the intervention of pressure injury. iScience 2023; 26:106956. [PMID: 37378311 PMCID: PMC10291478 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure injuries (PIs) are localized tissue damage resulting from prolonged compression or shear forces on the skin or underlying tissue, or both. Different stages of PIs share common features include intense oxidative stress, abnormal inflammatory response, cell death, and subdued tissue remodeling. Despite various clinical interventions, stage 1 or stage 2 PIs are hard to monitor for the changes of skin or identify from other disease, whereas stage 3 or stage 4 PIs are challenging to heal, painful, expensive to manage, and have a negative impact on quality of life. Here, we review the underlying pathogenesis and the current advances of biochemicals in PIs. We first discuss the crucial events involved in the pathogenesis of PIs and key biochemical pathways lead to wound delay. Then, we examine the recent progress of biomaterials-assisted wound prevention and healing and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
| | - Jiandan Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yunlong Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325011, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
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Liu H, Huang Y, Yang Y, Han Y, Jia L, Li W. Compressive force-induced LincRNA-p21 inhibits mineralization of cementoblasts by impeding autophagy. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22120. [PMID: 34958157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101589r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mineralization capability of cementoblasts is the foundation for repairing orthodontic treatment-induced root resorption. It is essential to investigate the regulatory mechanism of mineralization in cementoblasts under mechanical compression to improve orthodontic therapy. Autophagy has a protective role in maintaining cell homeostasis under environmental stress and was reported to be involved in the mineralization process. Long noncoding RNAs are important regulators of biological processes, but their functions in compressed cementoblasts during orthodontic tooth movement remain unclear. In this study, we showed that compressive force downregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers. LincRNA-p21 was strongly enhanced by compressive force. Overexpression of lincRNA-p21 downregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 reversed the compressive force-induced decrease in mineralization. Furthermore, we found that autophagy was impeded in compressed cementoblasts. Then, overexpression of lincRNA-p21 decreased autophagic activity, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 reversed the autophagic process decreased by mechanical compression. However, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine abolished the lincRNA-p21 knockdown-promoted mineralization, and the autophagy activator rapamycin rescued the mineralization inhibited by lincRNA-p21 overexpression. Mechanistically, the direct binding between lincRNA-p21 and FoxO3 blocked the expression of autophagy-related genes. In a mouse orthodontic tooth movement model, knockdown of lincRNA-p21 rescued the impeded autophagic process in cementoblasts, enhanced cementogenesis, and alleviated orthodontic force-induced root resorption. Overall, compressive force-induced lincRNA-p21 inhibits the mineralization capability of cementoblasts by impeding the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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5
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Li Y, Jiang S, Song L, Yao Z, Zhang J, Wang K, Jiang L, He H, Lin C, Wu J. Zwitterionic Hydrogel Activates Autophagy to Promote Extracellular Matrix Remodeling for Improved Pressure Ulcer Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:740863. [PMID: 34692658 PMCID: PMC8531594 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.740863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcer (PU) is a worldwide problem that is hard to heal because of its prolonged inflammatory response and impaired ECM deposition caused by local hypoxia and repeated ischemia/reperfusion. Our previous study discovered that the non-fouling zwitterionic sulfated poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (SBMA) hydrogel can improve PU healing with rapid ECM rebuilding. However, the mechanism of the SBMA hydrogel in promoting ECM rebuilding is unclear. Therefore, in this work, the impact of the SBMA hydrogel on ECM reconstruction is comprehensively studied, and the underlying mechanism is intensively investigated in a rat PU model. The in vivo data demonstrate that compared to the PEG hydrogel, the SBMA hydrogel enhances the ECM remolding by the upregulation of fibronectin and laminin expression as well as the inhibition of MMP-2. Further investigation reveals that the decreased MMP-2 expression of zwitterionic SBMA hydrogel treatment is due to the activation of autophagy through the inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduced inflammation. The association of autophagy with ECM remodeling may provide a way in guiding the design of biomaterial-based wound dressing for chronic wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shishuang Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liwan Song
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kangning Wang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cai Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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6
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Claude-Taupin A, Codogno P, Dupont N. Links between autophagy and tissue mechanics. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271984. [PMID: 34472605 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension, play major roles during development, tissue homeostasis, immune responses and pathologies. Cells and organelles also face mechanical forces during migration and extravasation, and investigations into how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including changes in cell morphology, membrane transport, metabolism, energy production and gene expression, is a flourishing field. Recent studies demonstrate the role of macroautophagy in the integration of physical constraints. The aim of this Review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of macroautophagy in controlling a large panel of cell responses, from morphological and metabolic changes, to inflammation and senescence, for the integration of mechanical forces. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss the cell surface molecules and structures that sense mechanical forces upstream of macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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7
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Huang Y, Liu H, Guo R, Han Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Jia L, Li W. Long Non-coding RNA FER1L4 Mediates the Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Orthodontic Compressive Force via AKT/FOXO3 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631181. [PMID: 33604341 PMCID: PMC7884613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by periodontal tissue remodeling triggered by mechanical force. It is essential to investigate the reaction of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for improving orthodontic therapeutic approaches. Autophagy is an endogenous defense mechanism to prevent mechanical damage of environmental change. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in gene regulation, but their roles are still largely uncharacterized in the reaction of PDLSCs during orthodontic tooth movement. In this study, we showed that autophagy was significantly induced in PDLSCs under compressive force, as revealed by the markers of autophagy, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and Beclin1, and the formation of autophagosomes. After the application of compressive force, lncRNA FER1L4 was strongly upregulated. Overexpression of FER1L4 increased the formation of autophagosome and autolysosomes in PDLSCs, while knockdown of FER1L4 reversed the autophagic activity induced by mechanical force. In mechanism, FER1L4 inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and subsequently increased the nuclear translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and thus mediated autophagic cascades under compressive strain. In mouse model, the expression of Lc3 as well as Fer1l4 was increased in the pressure side of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of autophagy regulation by lncRNA during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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8
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Chen L, Mo S, Hua Y. Compressive force-induced autophagy in periodontal ligament cells downregulates osteoclastogenesis during tooth movement. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1170-1181. [PMID: 31077358 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy has recently emerged as a protective mechanism in response to compressive force and an important process in maintenance of bone homeostasis. It appears to be involved in the degradation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of compressive force-induced autophagy in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in regulating osteoclastogenesis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). METHODS An OTM model and compressive force on PDL cells were employed to investigate the expression of autophagy markers in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in PDL cells by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and autophagy LC3 double labelling. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin were respectively used to inhibit and promote autophagy, and the effect of autophagy on osteoclastogenesis was explored via microcomputed tomography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, histochemistry of titrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in vivo. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) was investigated by RT-PCR and ELISA in vitro. RESULTS Orthodontic force-induced autophagy was prominent on the pressured side of PDL tissues. Administration of 3-MA downregulated bone density and upregulated osteoclasts, while rapamycin had reverse results in OTM. The autophagy activity increased initially then decreased in PDL cells during compressive force application and responded to light force. In PDL cells, administration of 3-MA upregulated while rapamycin downregulated the RANKL/OPG ratio. CONCLUSION Autophagy is activated by compressive force in PDL cells. Besides, it could modulate OTM by negatively regulating osteoclastogenesis and keep bone homeostasis via RANKL/OPG signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenzheng Mo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Hua
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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9
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Autophagy transduces physical constraints into biological responses. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:419-426. [PMID: 27566364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cell biological process that controls the quality and quantity of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Dysfunctional autophagy, when defective or excessive, has been linked to human pathologies ranging from neurodegenerative and infectious diseases to cancer and inflammatory diseases. Autophagy takes place at basal levels in all eukaryotic cells. The process is stimulated during metabolic, genotoxic, infectious, and hypoxic stress conditions and acts an adaptive mechanism essential for cell survival. Recent data demonstrate that changes in the mechanical cellular environment influence cell fate through the modulation of the autophagic pathway. Mechanical stimuli, such as applied forces, combine with biochemical signals to control development and physiological functions of different organs and can also contribute to the progression of various human diseases. Here we review recent findings regarding the regulation of autophagy upon three types of mechanical stress, compression, shear stress, and stretching, and discuss the potential implications of mechanical stress-induced autophagy in physiology and physiopathology.
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10
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Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:284. [PMID: 26927073 PMCID: PMC4813148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.
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11
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Yu AP, Pei XM, Sin TK, Yip SP, Yung BY, Chan LW, Wong CS, Siu PM. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 exhibits pro-autophagic effects on skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:155-64. [PMID: 25450862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 is regarded as a highly selective growth-hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) antagonist and has been widely used to investigate the dependency of GHSR-1a signalling mediated by acylated ghrelin. However, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 has been reported to influence other cellular processes which are unrelated to GHSR-1a. This study aimed to examine the effects of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 on autophagic and apoptotic cellular signalling in skeletal muscle. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 enhanced the autophagic signalling demonstrated by the increases in protein abundances of beclin-1 and LC3 II-to-LC3 1 ratio in both normal muscle and doxorubicin-injured muscle. [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 reduced the activation of muscle apoptosis induced by doxorubicin. No histological abnormalities were observed in the [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6-treated muscle. Intriguingly, the doxorubicin-induced increase in centronucleated muscle fibres was not observed in muscle treated with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, suggesting the myoprotective effects of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 against doxorubicin injury. The [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6-induced activation of autophagy was found to be abolished by the co-treatment of CXCR4 antagonist, suggesting that the pro-autophagic effects of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 might be mediated through CXCR4. In conclusion, [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 exhibits pro-autophagic effects on skeletal muscle under both normal and doxorubicin-injured conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus P Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao M Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas K Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shea P Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Y Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence W Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cesar S Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Pötsch MS, Tschirner A, Palus S, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Beadle J, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. The anabolic catabolic transforming agent (ACTA) espindolol increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in old rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5:149-58. [PMID: 24272787 PMCID: PMC4053568 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-013-0125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, the age-related, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, is a considerable socioeconomic burden by increasing risks of falls, fractures, and frailty. Moreover, sarcopenic patients are often obese and therapeutic options are very limited. METHODS Here, we assessed the efficacy of espindolol on muscle mass in 19-month-old male Wistar Han rats (weight, 555 ± 18 g), including safety issues. Rats were randomized to treatment with 3 mg/kg/day espindolol (n = 8) or placebo (n = 14) for 31 days. RESULTS Placebo-treated rats progressively lost body weight (-15.5 ± 7.2 g), lean mass (-1.5 ± 4.2 g), and fat mass (-15.6 ± 2.7 g), while espindolol treatment increased body weight (+8.0 ± 6.1 g, p < 0.05), particularly lean mass (+43.4 ± 3.5 g, p < 0.001), and reduced fat mass further (-38.6 ± 3.4 g, p < 0.001). Anabolic/catabolic signaling was assessed in gastrocnemius muscle. Espindolol decreased proteasome and caspase-3 proteolytic activities by approximately 50 % (all p < 0.05). Western blotting showed a reduced expression of key catabolic regulators, including NFκB, MuRF1, and LC-3 (all p < 0.01). The 50- and 26-kDa forms of myostatin were downregulated fivefold and 20-fold, respectively (both p < 0.001). Moreover, 4E-BP-1 was reduced fivefold (p < 0.01), while phospho-PI3K was upregulated fivefold (p < 0.001), although Akt expression and phosphorylation were lower compared to placebo (all p < 0.05). No regulation of p38 and expression of ERK1/2 were observed, while phosphorylation of p38 was reduced (-54 %, p < 0.001) and ERK1/2 was increased (115 and 83 %, respectively, both p < 0.01). Espindolol did not affect cardiac function (echocardiography) or clinical plasma parameters. CONCLUSION Espindolol reversed the effects of aging/sarcopenia, particularly loss of muscle mass and increased fat mass. Thus, espindolol is an attractive candidate drug for the treatment of sarcopenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike S Pötsch
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
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Yu AP, Pei XM, Sin TK, Yip SP, Yung BY, Chan LW, Wong CS, Siu PM. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:201-13. [PMID: 24581239 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic drug, has been demonstrated previously as an inducer of apoptosis in muscle cells. Extensive induction of apoptosis may cause excessive loss of muscle cells and subsequent functional decline in skeletal muscle. This study examined the effects of acylated ghrelin, a potential agent for treating cancer cachexia, on inhibiting apoptotic signalling in doxorubicin-treated skeletal muscle. Unacylated ghrelin, a form of ghrelin that does not bind to GHSR-1a, is also employed in this study to examine the GHSR-1a signalling dependency of the effects of ghrelin. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to saline control (CON), doxorubicin (DOX), doxorubicin with treatment of acylated ghrelin (DOX+Acylated Ghrelin) and doxorubicin with treatment of unacylated ghrelin (DOX+Unacylated Ghrelin). Mice in all groups that involved DOX were intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg of doxorubicin per kg body weight, whereas mice in CON group received saline as placebo. Gastrocnemius muscle tissues were harvested after the experimental period for analysis. RESULTS The elevation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and number of TUNEL-positive nuclei were accompanied with the upregulation of Bax in muscle after exposure to doxorubicin, but all these changes were neither seen in the muscle treated with acylated ghrelin nor unacylated ghrelin after doxorubicin exposure. Protein abundances of autophagic markers including LC3 II-to-LC3 I ratio, Atg12-5 complex, Atg5 and Beclin-1 were not altered by doxorubicin but were upregulated by the treatment of either acylated or unacyated ghrelin. Histological analysis revealed that the amount of centronucleated myofibres was elevated in doxorubicin-treated muscle while muscle of others groups showed normal histology. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that acylated ghrelin administration suppresses the doxorubicin-induced activation of apoptosis and enhances the cellular signalling of autophagy. The treatment of unacylated ghrelin has similar effects as acylated ghrelin on apoptotic and autophagic signalling, suggesting that the effects of ghrelin are probably mediated through a signalling pathway that is independent of GHSR-1a. These findings were consistent with the hypothesis that acylated ghrelin inhibits doxorubicin-induced upregulation of apoptosis in skeletal muscle while treatment of unacylated ghrelin can achieve similar effects as the treatment of acylated ghrelin. The inhibition of apoptosis and enhancement of autophagy induced by acylated and unacylated ghrelin might exert myoprotective effects on doxorubicin-induced toxicity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Yu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - X. M. Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - T. K. Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - S. P. Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - B. Y. Yung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - L. W. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - C. S. Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - P. M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
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Sari Y, Minematsu T, Huang L, Noguchi H, Mori T, Nakagami G, Nagase T, Oe M, Sugama J, Yoshimura K, Sanada H. Establishment of a novel rat model for deep tissue injury deterioration. Int Wound J 2013; 12:202-9. [PMID: 23651215 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep tissue injuries (DTIs) can become significant problems because of their rapid deterioration into deep pressure ulcers. Presently, no animal model of DTI deterioration has been developed. By concentrating pressure and shear stress in deep tissues while minimising pressure and shear stress in the overlying skin, we produced an effective rat model of DTI deterioration. Two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulated the distribution of pressure and shear stress under several pressure-loading conditions. FEM showed that concentrated shear stress in deep tissue with minimum shear stress in the overlying skin could be created by using a prominence and a cushion, respectively. On the basis of the results of FEM analysis, we selected suitable conditions for testing the rat DTI deterioration model. The compressed area was macroscopically observed until day 13, and histopathologic analysis via haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed on days 3, 7 and 13. H&E staining showed that the distribution of tissue damage was similar to the predicted FEM results. Deep ulceration and tissue damage extending from deep tissues to the overlying skin and surrounding tissues were observed in the DTI deterioration model, which are similar to the clinical manifestations of DTI deterioration. In conclusion, a representative DTI deterioration model was established by concentrating high shear stress in deep tissues while minimising shear stress in the overlying skin. This model will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms behind DTI deterioration and the development of preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunita Sari
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Nursing, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
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Sin TK, Pei XM, Teng BT, Tam EW, Yung BY, Siu PM. Oxidative stress and DNA damage signalling in skeletal muscle in pressure-induced deep tissue injury. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:295-317. [PMID: 23322113 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of pressure-induced deep tissue injury are largely unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress and DNA damage signalling mechanism in skeletal muscle are involved in deep tissue injury. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subject to an experimental protocol to induce deep tissue injury. Two compression cycles with a static pressure of 100 mmHg was applied to an area of 1.5 cm(2) over the mid-tibialis region of right limb of the rats. The left uncompressed limb served as intra-animal control. Muscle tissues underneath compression region were collected for examination. Our analyses indicated that pathohistological characteristics including rounding contour of myofibres and extensive nuclei accumulation were apparently shown in compressed muscles. The elevation of 8OHdG immunopositively stained nuclei indicated the presence of oxidative DNA damage. Increase in oxidative stress was revealed by showing significant elevation of 4HNE and decreases in mRNA abundance of SOD1, catalase and GPx, and protein content of SOD2 in compressed muscles relative to control muscles. Increase in nitrosative stress was demonstrated by significant elevation of nitrotyrosine and NOS2 mRNA content. The activation of tumor suppressor p53 signalling was indicated by the remarkable increases in protein contents of total p53 and serine-15 phosphorylated p53. The transcript expression of the DNA-repairing enzyme, Rad23A, was significantly suppressed in compressed muscles. Our time-course study indicated that increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and proapoptotic signalling were maintained in muscles receiving increasing amount of compression cycles and post-compression time. Furthermore, resveratrol was found to attenuate the histological damage, oxidative/nitrosative stress and proapoptotic signalling in response to prolonged moderate compression. In conclusion, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress and DNA damage signalling in skeletal muscle are involved in the underlying mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of pressure-induced deep tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Sin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Mechanical stress meets autophagy: potential implications for physiology and pathology. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:583-8. [PMID: 22981844 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the mechanical environment are a universal challenge for cells, and mechanical cues regulate tissue structure and cell physiology throughout life. Autophagy is an important degradative pathway, fulfilling a wide range of roles in survival, homeostasis and adaptation. The two are connected, and in vitro, autophagy is rapidly induced in cells exposed to mechanical compression. In vivo, autophagy is also induced in several medically relevant circumstances that are also under mechanical stress such as bone and muscle homeostasis and tissue injury. The induction of autophagy has wide-ranging effects on cells. In this article, I propose that the autophagic response to mechanical stress is an important factor in a wide range of both physiological and pathological settings.
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Mak AF, Yu Y, Kwan LP, Sun L, Tam EW. Deformation and reperfusion damages and their accumulation in subcutaneous tissues during loading and unloading: A theoretical modeling of deep tissue injuries. J Theor Biol 2011; 289:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Teng BT, Tam EW, Benzie IF, Siu PM. Protective effect of caspase inhibition on compression-induced muscle damage. J Physiol 2011; 589:3349-69. [PMID: 21540338 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.209619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no effective therapies for treating pressure-induced deep tissue injury. This study tested the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of caspase in preventing muscle damage following sustained moderate compression. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to prolonged moderate compression. Static pressure of 100 mm Hg compression was applied to an area of 1.5 cm2 in the tibialis region of the right limb of the rats for 6 h each day for two consecutive days. The left uncompressed limb served as intra-animal control. Rats were randomized to receive either vehicle (DMSO) as control treatment (n =8) or 6 mg kg⁻¹ of caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk; n =8) prior to the 6 h compression on the two consecutive days.Muscle tissues directly underneath the compression region of the compressed limb and the same region of control limb were harvested after the compression procedure.Histological examination and biochemical/molecular measurement of apoptosis and autophagy were performed. Caspase inhibition was effective in alleviating the compression-induced pathohistology of muscle. The increases in caspase-3 protease activity, TUNEL index, apoptotic DNA fragmentation and pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, p53 and EndoG) and the decreases in anti-apoptotic factors (XIAP and HSP70) observed in compressed muscle of DMSO-treated animals were not found in animals treated with caspase inhibitor. The mRNA content of autophagic factors (Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg12) and the protein content of LC3, FoxO3 and phospho-FoxO3 that were down-regulated in compressed muscle of DMSO-treated animals were all maintained at their basal level in the caspase inhibitor treated animals. Our data provide evidence that caspase inhibition attenuates compression-induced muscle apoptosis and maintains the basal autophagy level. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of caspase/apoptosis is effective in alleviating muscle damage as induced by prolonged compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee T Teng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Siu PM, Teng BT, Pei XM, Tam EW. Proteasome inhibition alleviates prolonged moderate compression-induced muscle pathology. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:58. [PMID: 21385343 PMCID: PMC3058073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanism initiating deep pressure ulcer remains to be elucidated. The present study tested the hypothesis that the ubiquitin proteasome system is involved in the signalling mechanism in pressure-induced deep tissue injury. METHODS Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an experimental compression model to induce deep tissue injury. The tibialis region of the right hind limb was subjected to 100 mmHg of static pressure for six hours on each of two consecutive days. The compression pressure was continuously monitored by a three-axial force transducer within the compression indentor. The left hind limb served as the intra-animal control. Muscle tissues underneath the compressed region were collected and used for analyses. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the activity of 20S proteasome and the protein abundance of ubiquitin and MAFbx/atrogin-1 were elevated in conjunction with pathohistological changes in the compressed muscle, as compared to control muscle. The administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 was found to be effective in ameliorating the development of pathological histology in compressed muscle. Furthermore, 20S proteasome activity and protein content of ubiquitin and MAFbx/atrogin-1 showed no apparent increase in the MG132-treated muscle following compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the ubiquitin proteasome system may play a role in the pathogenesis of pressure-induced deep tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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