1
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Sawada K, Shimomura J, Takedachi M, Murata M, Morimoto C, Kawasaki K, Kawakami K, Iwayama T, Murakami S. Activation of periodontal ligament cell cytodifferentiation by juxtacrine signaling from cementoblasts. J Periodontol 2024; 95:256-267. [PMID: 37492992 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New cementum forms from existing cementum during periodontal tissue regeneration, indicating that cementoblasts may interact with progenitor cells in the periodontal ligament to enhance cementogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are currently unknown. This study aims to clarify the role of cell-cell interactions between cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in differentiation into cementoblasts. METHODS To analyze the role of human cementoblast-like cells (HCEMs) on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs), we mixed cell suspensions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged HPDLs and HCEMs, and then seeded and cultured them in single wells (direct co-cultures). We sorted co-cultured HPDLs and analyzed their characteristics, including the expression of cementum-related genes. In addition, we cultured HPDLs and HCEMs in a non-contact environment using a culture system composed of an upper insert and a lower well separated by a semi-permeable membrane (indirect co-cultures), and similar analysis was performed. Gene expression of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) in cementoblasts was confirmed in mouse periodontal tissues. We also investigated the effect of Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling on the differentiation of HPDLs into cementoblasts. RESULTS Direct co-culture of HPDLs with HCEMs significantly upregulated the expression of cementoblast-related genes in HPDLs, whereas indirect co-culture exerted no effect. Wnt3A stimulation significantly upregulated IBSP expression in HPDLs, whereas inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling suppressed the effects of co-culture. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that direct cell interactions with cementoblasts promote periodontal ligament cell differentiation into cementoblasts. Juxtacrine signaling via the canonical Wnt pathway plays a role in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Shimomura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Murata
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Zhang Y, Huang Y. The long non-coding RNA, miRNA and mRNA landscapes of cementoblasts during cementogenesis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:667-678. [PMID: 37129094 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulation of cementogenesis is essential to cementum regeneration and root restoration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulatory networks of periodontal regeneration processes. We identified and analysed differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs associated with cementogenic differentiation of cementoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 immortalized mouse cementoblast cells were induced in cementogenic medium for 7 and 14 days. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing to screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression levels of RNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to clarify the potential functions of differentially expressed genes in biological processes and pathways. lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed based on correlation and algorithmic analyses. RESULTS In all, 461 lncRNAs, 89 miRNAs and 2157 mRNAs showed differential expression in OCCM-30 cells after cementoblast differentiation. At day 7, upregulation of 248 lncRNAs, 30 miRNAs and 905 mRNAs was observed, along with downregulation of 127 lncRNAs, 34 miRNAs and 960 mRNAs. At day 14, 197 lncRNAs, 13 miRNAs and 847 mRNAs were upregulated, while 74 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 760 mRNAs were downregulated. The results of qRT-PCR showed that four candidate lncRNAs, H19, Gdap10, Foxo6os and Ipw, were significantly upregulated after 7 and 14 days of cementogenic induction. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network illustrated a possible competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism. GO analysis showed that consistently differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in blood vessel morphogenesis, cell-substrate adhesion, cell adhesion, ossification and extracellular matrix organization. KEGG analysis indicated that extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and the PI3K-Akt, Rap1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ras signalling pathways varied significantly during cementogenesis. CONCLUSION The expressions of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA were significantly altered in cementoblasts after cementogenesis. This study highlighted the effect of lncRNAs in the process of cementogenesis and revealed their potential for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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3
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Huang X, Xiao J, Wang H, Peng Y, Liu H, Ma L, Wang X, Cao Z. CKIP-1 mediates P. gingivalis-suppressed osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells partially via p38 signaling pathway. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2236427. [PMID: 37483640 PMCID: PMC10360982 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2236427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) is a versatile player involved in various biological processes. However, whether CKIP-1 mediates the osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) under Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) stimulation remains unknown. Material and Methods The effect of Pg on PDLC differentiation was first verified. CKIP-1 expression in Pg-infected PDLCs or in PDL of apical periodontitis (AP) mice was detected. The changes of CKIP-1 during PDLC differentiation was also determined. PDLC differentiation capacity in CKIP-1 knockout (KO) mice and CKIP-1-silenced PDLCs with or without Pg stimulation were further studied. Inhibitor was finally applied to verify the involvement of p38 signaling pathway in PDLC differentiation. Results The suppression effect of Pg on PDLC differentiation was demonstrated. CKIP-1 increased in the PDL of AP mice and Pg-induced PDLCs, and decreased gradually during PDLC differentiation. Increased OSX and RUNX2 expression in PDL were observed in CKIP-1 KO mice. Also, CKIP-1 silencing facilitated and rescued Pg-inhibited PDLC differentiation. Inhibitor for p38 signaling pathway blocked CKIP-1 silencing-facilitated PDLC differentiation. Conclusions CKIP-1 mediated the osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of PDLCs partially through p38 signaling pathway, which may provide evidence for the regeneration of periodontal hard tissues damaged by Pg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Li S, Guan X, Yu W, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Bai Y. Effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on cementoblast activity. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37448205 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomes derived from stem cells are a potential cell-free tool for tissue regeneration with therapeutic potential. However, its application in cementum repair is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on the biological activity of cementoblasts, the main effector cells in cementum synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultured with various human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosome concentrations. OCCM-30 cells proliferation, migration, and cementogenic mineralization were examined, along with the gene and protein expression of factors associated with cementoblastic mineralization. RESULTS Exosomal promoted the migration, proliferation, and mineralization of OCCM-30 cells. The exosome-treated group significantly increased the expression of cementogenic-related genes and proteins. Furthermore, the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT was enhanced by exosome administration. Treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor markedly attenuated the gene and protein expression of cementoblastic factors, and this effect was partially reversed by exosome administration. CONCLUSIONS Human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes can promote the activity of cementoblasts via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing a scientific basis for promoting the repair process in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxi Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Mata M, Peydró S, de Llano JJM, Sancho-Tello M, Carda C. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiate into Cementoid-Like-Secreting Cells on Decellularized Teeth Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that in some cases can cause tooth loss. Cementum is a mineralized tissue that forms part of the insertion periodontium and serves to fix the teeth to the alveolar bone. In addition, it acts as a reservoir of different growth and differentiation factors, which regulate the biology of the teeth. Cementogenesis is a complex process that is still under investigation and involves different factors, including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). In this work we studied the role of surface microtopography in the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into cementoid-like secreting cells. We cultured hDPSCs on decellularized dental scaffolds on either dentin or cementum surfaces. Cell morphology was evaluated by light and electron microscopy. We also evaluated the DSPP expression by immunohistochemistry. The hDPSCs that was cultured on surfaces with accessible dentinal tubules acquired an odontoblastic phenotype and emitted characteristic processes within the dentinal tubules. These cells synthesized the matrix components of a characteristic reticular connective tissue, with fine collagen fibers and DSPP deposits. The hDPSCs that was cultured on cementum surfaces generated a well-organized tissue consisting of layers of secretory cells and dense fibrous connective tissue with thick bundles of collagen fibers perpendicular to the scaffold surface. Intra- and intercellular deposits of DSPP were also observed. The results presented here reinforce the potential for hDPSCs to differentiate in vitro into cells that secrete a cementoid-like matrix in response to the physical stimuli related to the microtopography of contact surfaces. We also highlight the role of DSPP as a component of the newly formed matrix.
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6
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Atarbashi-Moghadam F, Rezai Rad M, Sijanivandi S, Khodayari P, Mahmoum M. Growth Factors in Periodontal Complex Regeneration. Chin J Dent Res 2022; 25:85-92. [PMID: 35686588 DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b3086335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now, the clinical methods for periodontal regeneration have been associated with significant failure or incomplete success. Various studies have reported the promising effects of growth factors/cytokines on periodontal regeneration. Growth factors/cytokines include proteins or steroid hormones that bind to cellular receptors, known as signalling molecules, and that trigger cellular responses that eventually stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the main growth factors that play an important role in and have been used in the regeneration of periodontal components.
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7
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Liu H, Huang Y, Yang Y, Han Y, Jia L, Li W. Compressive force-induced LincRNA-p21 inhibits mineralization of cementoblasts by impeding autophagy. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22120. [PMID: 34958157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101589r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mineralization capability of cementoblasts is the foundation for repairing orthodontic treatment-induced root resorption. It is essential to investigate the regulatory mechanism of mineralization in cementoblasts under mechanical compression to improve orthodontic therapy. Autophagy has a protective role in maintaining cell homeostasis under environmental stress and was reported to be involved in the mineralization process. Long noncoding RNAs are important regulators of biological processes, but their functions in compressed cementoblasts during orthodontic tooth movement remain unclear. In this study, we showed that compressive force downregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers. LincRNA-p21 was strongly enhanced by compressive force. Overexpression of lincRNA-p21 downregulated the expression of mineralization-related markers, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 reversed the compressive force-induced decrease in mineralization. Furthermore, we found that autophagy was impeded in compressed cementoblasts. Then, overexpression of lincRNA-p21 decreased autophagic activity, while knockdown of lincRNA-p21 reversed the autophagic process decreased by mechanical compression. However, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine abolished the lincRNA-p21 knockdown-promoted mineralization, and the autophagy activator rapamycin rescued the mineralization inhibited by lincRNA-p21 overexpression. Mechanistically, the direct binding between lincRNA-p21 and FoxO3 blocked the expression of autophagy-related genes. In a mouse orthodontic tooth movement model, knockdown of lincRNA-p21 rescued the impeded autophagic process in cementoblasts, enhanced cementogenesis, and alleviated orthodontic force-induced root resorption. Overall, compressive force-induced lincRNA-p21 inhibits the mineralization capability of cementoblasts by impeding the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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8
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Huang X, Ma L, Wang X, Wang H, Peng Y, Gao X, Huang H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cao Z. Ckip-1 Mediates P. gingivalis-Suppressed Cementoblast Mineralization. J Dent Res 2021; 101:599-608. [PMID: 34875910 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211054744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is responsible for the destruction of cementum in patients with periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. However, research about the effects of P. gingivalis on cementoblast mineralization and the underlying mechanism is still lacking. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (Ckip-1) is a scaffold protein that interacts with various proteins and signals to regulate different cell functions, such as cell morphology, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, we verified the suppressive effects of P. gingivalis and lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on OCCM-30 mineralization. We also showed that Ckip-1 gradually decreased during OCCM-30 mineralization but increased with the aggravation of Pg-induced inflammation. However, it remained unchanged when cells were stimulated with Pg-LPS, regardless of the concentration and incubation time. Then, more cellular cementum and enhanced Osterix expression were observed in Ckip-1 knockout mice when compared with the wild-type mice. Meanwhile, Ckip-1 silencing significantly enhanced cementoblast mineralization with or without P. gingivalis-associated inflammation. The trend was opposite when Ckip-1 was overexpressed. Finally, we found that the p38, Akt, and Wnt pathways were activated, while the Erk1/2 pathway was inhibited when Ckip-1 was silenced. The opposite results were also observed in the Ckip-1 overexpression group. Furthermore, we proved that cell mineralization was weakened when p38, Akt inhibitors were applied and strengthened when the Erk1/2 pathway was inhibited. In summary, Ckip-1 is upregulated underP. gingivalis-induced inflammation and negatively regulates cementoblast mineralization partially through mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt signaling pathways, which may contribute to the restoration of cementum destroyed by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Nottmeier C, Liao N, Simon A, Decker MG, Luther J, Schweizer M, Yorgan T, Kaucka M, Bockamp E, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Petersen J, Koehne T. Wnt1 Promotes Cementum and Alveolar Bone Growth in a Time-Dependent Manner. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1501-1509. [PMID: 34009051 PMCID: PMC8649456 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211012386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in the biology
of the periodontium, yet the function of specific extracellular WNT
ligands remains poorly understood. By using a
Wnt1-inducible transgenic mouse model targeting
Col1a1-expressing alveolar osteoblasts,
odontoblasts, and cementoblasts, we demonstrate that the WNT ligand
WNT1 is a strong promoter of cementum and alveolar bone formation in
vivo. We induced Wnt1 expression for 1, 3, or 9 wk in
Wnt1Tg mice and analyzed them at the age of 6 wk and 12 wk.
Micro–computed tomography (CT) analyses of the mandibles revealed a
1.8-fold increased bone volume after 1 and 3 wk of
Wnt1 expression and a 3-fold increased bone
volume after 9 wk of Wnt1 expression compared to
controls. In addition, the alveolar ridges were higher in Wnt1Tg mice
as compared to controls. Nondecalcified histology demonstrated
increased acellular cementum thickness and cellular cementum volume
after 3 and 9 wk of Wnt1 expression. However, 9 wk of
Wnt1 expression was also associated with
periodontal breakdown and ectopic mineralization of the pulp. The
composition of this ectopic matrix was comparable to those of cellular
cementum as demonstrated by quantitative backscattered electron
imaging and immunohistochemistry for noncollagenous proteins. Our
analyses of 52-wk-old mice after 9 wk of Wnt1
expression revealed that Wnt1 expression affects
mandibular bone and growing incisors but not molar teeth, indicating
that Wnt1 influences only growing tissues. To further
investigate the effect of Wnt1 on cementoblasts, we
stably transfected the cementoblast cell line (OCCM-30) with a vector
expressing Wnt1-HA and performed proliferation as
well as differentiation experiments. These experiments demonstrated
that Wnt1 promotes proliferation but not
differentiation of cementoblasts. Taken together, our findings
identify, for the first time, Wnt1 as a critical
regulator of alveolar bone and cementum formation, as well as provide
important insights for harnessing the WNT signal pathway in
regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - A Simon
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M G Decker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Luther
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Schweizer
- ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Kaucka
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - E Bockamp
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - B Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Petersen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Nagasaki A, Nagasaki K, Kear BD, Tadesse WD, Thumbigere-Math V, Millán JL, Foster BL, Somerman MJ. Delivery of Alkaline Phosphatase Promotes Periodontal Regeneration in Mice. J Dent Res 2021; 100:993-1001. [PMID: 33840251 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211005677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors regulating the ratio of pyrophosphate (PPi) to phosphate (Pi) modulate biomineralization. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is a key promineralization enzyme that hydrolyzes the potent mineralization inhibitor PPi. The goal of this study was to determine whether TNAP could promote periodontal regeneration in bone sialoprotein knockout mice (Ibsp-/- mice), which are known to have a periodontal disease phenotype. Delivery of TNAP was accomplished either systemically (through a lentiviral construct expressing a mineral-targeted TNAP-D10 protein) or locally (through addition of recombinant human TNAP to a fenestration defect model). Systemic TNAP-D10 delivered by intramuscular injection at 5 d postnatal (dpn) increased circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in Ibsp-/- mice by 5-fold at 30 dpn, with levels returning to normal by 60 dpn when tissues were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology. Local delivery of recombinant human TNAP to fenestration defects in 5-wk-old wild type (WT) and Ibsp-/- mice did not alter long-term circulating ALP levels, and tissues were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology at postoperative day 45. Systemic and local delivery of TNAP significantly increased alveolar bone volume (20% and 37%, respectively) and cementum thickness (3- and 42-fold) in Ibsp-/- mice, with evidence for periodontal ligament attachment and bone/cementum marker localization. Local delivery significantly increased regenerated cementum and bone in WT mice. Addition of 100-μg/mL bovine intestinal ALP to culture media to increase ALP in vitro increased media Pi concentration, mineralization, and Spp1 and Dmp1 marker gene expression in WT and Ibsp-/- OCCM.30 cementoblasts. Use of phosphonoformic acid, a nonspecific inhibitor of sodium Pi cotransport, indicated that effects of bovine intestinal ALP on mineralization and marker gene expression were in part through Pi transport. These findings show for the first time through multiple in vivo and in vitro approaches that pharmacologic modulation of Pi/PPi metabolism can overcome periodontal breakdown and accomplish regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Kear
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W D Tadesse
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Li T, Wang H, Lv C, Huang L, Zhang C, Zhou C, Zou S, Duan P. Intermittent parathyroid hormone promotes cementogenesis via ephrinB2-EPHB4 forward signaling. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:2070-2086. [PMID: 32740946 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes periodontal repair, but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Recent studies found that ephrinB2-EPHB4 forward signaling mediated the anabolic effect of PTH in bone homeostasis. Considering the similarities between cementum and bone, we aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of PTH on resorbed roots and explore the role of forward signaling in this process. In vivo experiments showed that intermittent PTH significantly accelerated the regeneration of root resorption and promoted expression of EPHB4 and ephrinB2. When the signaling was blocked, the resorption repair was also delayed. In vitro studies showed that intermittent PTH promoted the expression of EPHB4 and ephrinB2 in OCCM-30 cells. The effects of PTH on the mineralization capacity of OCCM-30 cells was mediated through the ephrinB2-EPHB4 forward signaling. These results support the premise that the anabolic effects of intermittent PTH on the regeneration of root resorption is via the ephrinB2-EPHB4 forward signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Nagasaki A, Nagasaki K, Chu EY, Kear BD, Tadesse WD, Ferebee SE, Li L, Foster BL, Somerman MJ. Ablation of Pyrophosphate Regulators Promotes Periodontal Regeneration. J Dent Res 2020; 100:639-647. [PMID: 33356859 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520981854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is regulated by inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent physiological inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal growth. Progressive ankylosis protein (ANK) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) act to increase local extracellular levels of PPi, inhibiting mineralization. The periodontal complex includes 2 mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone (AB), both essential for tooth attachment. Previous studies demonstrated that loss of function of ANK or ENPP1 (reducing PPi) resulted in increased cementum formation, suggesting PPi metabolism may be a target for periodontal regenerative therapies. To compare the effects of genetic ablation of Ank, Enpp1, and both factors concurrently on cementum and AB regeneration, mandibular fenestration defects were created in Ank knockout (Ank KO), Enpp1 mutant (Enpp1asj/asj), and double KO (dKO) mice. Genetic ablation of Ank, Enpp1, or both factors increased cementum regeneration compared to controls at postoperative days (PODs) 15 and 30 (Ank KO: 8-fold, 3-fold; Enpp1asj/asj: 7-fold, 3-fold; dKO: 11-fold, 4-fold, respectively) associated with increased fluorochrome labeling and expression of mineralized tissue markers, dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1/DMP1), osteopontin (Spp1/OPN), and bone sialoprotein (Ibsp/BSP). Furthermore, dKO mice featured increased cementum thickness compared to single KOs at POD15 and Ank KO at POD30. No differences were noted in AB volume between genotypes, but osteoblast/osteocyte markers were increased in all KOs, partially mineralized osteoid volume was increased in dKO versus controls at POD15 (3-fold), and mineral density was decreased in Enpp1asj/asj and dKOs at POD30 (6% and 9%, respectively). Increased numbers of osteoclasts were present in regenerated AB of all KOs versus controls. These preclinical studies suggest PPi modulation as a potential and novel approach for cementum regeneration, particularly targeting ENPP1 and/or ANK. Differences in cementum and AB regeneration in response to reduced PPi conditions highlight the need to consider tissue-specific responses in strategies targeting regeneration of the entire periodontal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Nagasaki
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Kear
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W D Tadesse
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S E Ferebee
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Li
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Yong J, von Bremen J, Ruiz-Heiland G, Ruf S. Adiponectin Interacts In-Vitro With Cementoblasts Influencing Cell Migration, Proliferation and Cementogenesis Partly Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585346. [PMID: 33414717 PMCID: PMC7783624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical evidences suggest that circulating Adipokines such as Adiponectin can influence the ratio of orthodontic tooth movement. We aimed to investigate the effect that Adiponectin has on cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and on the intracellular signaling molecules of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We demonstrated that OCCM-30 cells express AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Alizarin Red S staining revealed that Adiponectin increases mineralized nodule formation and quantitative AP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Adiponectin up-regulates the mRNA levels of AP, BSP, OCN, OPG, Runx-2 as well as F-Spondin. Adiponectin also increases the migration and proliferation of OCCM-30 cells. Moreover, Adiponectin induces a transient activation of JNK, P38, ERK1/2 and promotes the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. The activation of Adiponectin-mediated migration and proliferation was attenuated after pharmacological inhibition of P38, ERK1/2 and JNK in different degrees, whereas mineralization was facilitated by MAPK inhibition in varying degrees. Based on our results, Adiponectin favorably affect OCCM-30 cell migration, proliferation as well as cementogenesis. One of the underlying mechanisms is the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gisela Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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14
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Iwata T, Mizuno N, Nagahara T, Kaneda-Ikeda E, Kajiya M, Kitagawa M, Takeda K, Yoshioka M, Yagi R, Takata T, Kurihara H. Identification of regulatory mRNA and microRNA for differentiation into cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:69-82. [PMID: 32797637 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis causes periodontal tissue destruction and results in physiological tooth dysfunction. Therefore, periodontal regeneration is ideal therapy for periodontitis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are useful for periodontal regenerative therapy as they can differentiate into periodontal cells; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we attempted to identify regulatory genes involved in periodontal cell differentiation and clarify the differentiation mechanism for effective periodontal regenerative therapy. BACKGROUND The cementum and periodontal ligament play important roles in physiological tooth function. Therefore, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration are critical for periodontal regenerative therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be a common periodontal regenerative therapy because these cells have multipotency and self-renewal ability, which induces new cementum or periodontal ligament formation. Moreover, MSCs can differentiate into cementoblasts. Cementoblast- or periodontal ligament cell-specific proteins have been reported; however, it is unclear how these proteins are regulated. MicroRNA (miRNA) can also act as a key regulator of MSC function. Therefore, in this study, we identified regulatory genes involved in cementoblast or periodontal cell differentiation and commitment. METHODS Human MSCs (hMSCs), cementoblasts (HCEM), and periodontal ligament cells (HPL cells) were cultured, and mRNA or miRNA expression was evaluated. Additionally, cementoblast-specific genes were overexpressed or suppressed in hMSCs and their expression levels were investigated. RESULTS HCEM and HPL cells expressed characteristic genes, of which we focused on ets variant 1 (ETV1), miR-628-5p, and miR-383 because ETV1 is a differentiation-related transcription factor, miR-628-5p was the second-highest expressed gene in HCEM and lowest expressed gene in HPL cells, and miR-383 was the highest expressed gene in HCEM. miR-628-5p and miR-383 overexpression in hMSCs regulated ETV1 mRNA expression, and miR-383 overexpression downregulated miR-628-5p expression. Moreover, miR-383 suppression decreased miR-383 expression and enhanced ETV1 mRNA expression, but miR-383 suppression also decreased miR-628-5p. Furthermore, silencing of ETV1 expression in hMSCs regulated miR-628-5p and miR-383 expression. Concerning periodontal cell commitment, miR-628-5p, miR-383, and ETV1 regulated the expression of HCEM- or HPL cell-related genes by adjusting the expression of these miRNAs. CONCLUSION HCEM and HPL cells show characteristic mRNA and miRNA profiles. In particular, these cells have specific miR-383, miR-628-5p, and ETV1 expression patterns, and these genes interact with each other. Therefore, miR-383, miR-628-5p, and ETV1 are key genes involved in cementogenesis or HPL cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nagahara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Kaneda-Ikeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masae Kitagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Biological Endodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshioka
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yagi
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Tokuyama University, Tokuyama, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Zhang L, Sun H, Zhang J, Song F, Huang L, Cao Z, Huang C. Yes-associated protein promotes tumour necrosis factor α-treated cementoblast mineralization partly by inactivating NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7939-7948. [PMID: 32510818 PMCID: PMC7348144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cementum regeneration, as one of the most difficult challenges of periodontal regeneration, is influenced by inflammatory factors. Inflammation may hamper or promote periodontal tissue repair under different circumstances, as it is found to do in dentin‐pulp complex and bone tissue. Our team demonstrated that YAP promotes mineralization of OCCM, a cementoblast cell line. However, the effect of YAP on its mineralization under inflammatory microenvironment is unclear. In this study, cementogenesis in vitro was up‐regulated after transient TNF‐α treatment for 30 minutes. YAP expression also was increased by TNF‐α treatment. YAP overexpression promoted OCCM mineralization after the cells were transiently treated with TNF‐α because YAP overexpression inhibited NF‐κB pathway activity, while YAP knockdown elevated it. The inhibited mineralization potential and activated NF‐κB pathway activity by YAP knockdown also were partly rescued by the application of the NF‐κB inhibitor Bay 11‐7082. These results demonstrated that YAP plays a positive role in the mineralization of TNF‐α transiently treated cementoblast, partly by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Fangfang Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Baranova J, Büchner D, Götz W, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4031. [PMID: 32512908 PMCID: PMC7312198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Werner Götz
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of the University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, NRW, Germany;
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
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17
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Yang T, Li Y, Hong Y, Chi L, Liu C, Lan Y, Wang Q, Yu Y, Xu Q, Teng W. The Construction of Biomimetic Cementum Through a Combination of Bioskiving and Fluorine-Containing Biomineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:341. [PMID: 32391345 PMCID: PMC7193115 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous attention is given to the construction of biomimetic cementum for regeneration of tooth cementum, the lack of recapitulating the composition and hierarchical structure of cementum often leads to the poor performance of constructed materials. How to highly mimic the sophisticated composition and hierarchy of cementum remains a longstanding challenge in constructing the biomimetic cementum. Inspired by cementum formation process, a novel construction approach via a combination of bioskiving and fluorine-containing biomineralization is developed in this study. The alternative collagen lamellae (ACL) that can highly mimic the rotated plywood structure of cementum collagen matrix is fabricated via bioskiving. Followed by biomineralization in the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) solution with different concentration of fluorine, a series of biomimetic cementum is constructed. Screened by physicochemical characterization, the biomimetic cementum with the composition and hierarchical structure highly similar to human cementum is selected. Through in vitro biological assay, this biomimetic cementum is proven to significantly promote the adhesion, proliferation, and cementogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Furthermore, in vivo study demonstrates that biomimetic cementum could induce cementogenesis. This biomimetic cementum constructed via combinatory application of bioskiving and fluorine-containing biomineralization stands as a promising candidate for achieving cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubing Hong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Cardiovascular Division, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
The development of periodontal tissue is a complex process, including cementoblast proliferation and differentiation. Emerging reports suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene regulatory networks governing numerous biological processes. However, how miRNAs modulate cementoblast proliferation and differentiation remains largely unknown. In a previous study, we performed miRNA microarray profiling to fully reveal the expression patterns of miRNAs involved in cementoblast differentiation. We focused on miR-361-3p, which decreased during cementoblast differentiation. Overexpression of miR-361-3p resulted in decreased cementoblast differentiation, whereas the functional inhibition of miR-361-3p yielded the opposite effect. The bioinformatics approach identified nuclear factor of activated T-cell 5 (Nfat5) as a potential target of miR-361-3p, which was further verified by dual luciferase assay. Meanwhile, the expression pattern of Nfat5 was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of Nfat5 mimicked the inhibitory effect of overexpressing miR-361-3p in cementoblasts. Moreover, multiple signaling pathways, including the Erk1/2, JNK, p38, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB pathways, were notably activated, and the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was blocked by downregulation of Nfat5 or forced expression of miR-361-3p in cementoblast differentiation. Finally, the complementary approach demonstrated that miR-361-3p regulated cementoblast differentiation via or partially via Erk1/2 and PI3K-Akt. Overall, our study elucidated that the JNK, p38, NF-κB, and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways act as balancing players in the miR-361-3p/Nfat5 signaling axis during cementoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Liao
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Liu
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H L Sun
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J B Xiang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X X Wang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C X Jiang
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Ma
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z G Cao
- 1 The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Xu Y, Lv C, Zhang J, Li Y, Li T, Zhang C, Chen J, Bai D, Yin X, Zou S. Intermittent parathyroid hormone promotes cementogenesis in a PKA- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1002-1013. [PMID: 31026057 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes cementogenesis and provides a promising biotherapeutic to rehabilitate resorbed roots. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Cyclic aenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinases A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are key regulators of bone remodeling. The present study aims to investigate whether PKA and ERK1/2 are involved in the process of intermittent PTH-promoted cementogenesis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats in experimental group (n = 30) received a daily subcutaneous injection of PTH and the control (n = 30) received placebo vehicle for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Results were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, OCCM-30 cells were incubated with intermittent PTH. H89 and U0126 were used to determine the role of PKA and ERK1/2, respectively. The cementogenic results were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, alkaline phosphatase activity assay and Alizarin Red S staining. The interaction of PKA and p-ERK1/2 was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). RESULTS Intermittent PTH exerted anabolic effect on cellular cementum in developing teeth with elevated expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and PKA (catalytic subunit) in PTH injection group. The promoting effects of intermittent PTH on cementogenesis and osteogenic differentiation were abrogated by H89 and U0126 in vitro, respectively. Blocking of PKA pathway downregulated intermittent PTH-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent PTH promotes cementogenesis in a PKA- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. In this process, PKA and p-ERK1/2 interact with each other. These results support the future biotherapeutic applications of PTH in cementum resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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20
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Abstract
This study reports on scaffold-based periodontal tissue engineering in a large preclinical animal model. A biphasic scaffold consisting of bone and periodontal ligament compartments manufactured by melt and solution electrospinning, respectively, was used for the delivery of in vitro matured cell sheets from 3 sources: gingival cells (GCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Bm-MSCs), and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The construct featured a 3-dimensional fibrous bone compartment with macroscopic pore size, while the periodontal compartment consisted of a flexible porous membrane for cell sheet delivery. The regenerative performance of the constructs was radiographically and histologically assessed in surgically created periodontal defects in sheep following 5 and 10 wk of healing. Histologic observation demonstrated that the constructs maintained their shape and volume throughout the entirety of the in vivo study and were well integrated with the surrounding tissue. There was also excellent tissue integration between the bone and periodontal ligament compartments as well as the tooth root interface, enabling the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and bone. Bone coverage along the root surface increased between weeks 5 and 10 in the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups. At week 10, the micro-computed tomography results showed that the PDLC group had greater bone fill as compared with the empty scaffold, while the GC group had less bone than the 3 other groups (control, Bm-MSC, and PDLC). Periodontal regeneration, as measured by histologically verified new bone and cementum formation with obliquely inserted periodontal ligament fibers, increased between 5 and 10 wk for the empty, Bm-MSC, and PDLC groups, while the GC group was inferior to the Bm-MSC and PDLC groups at 10 wk. This study demonstrates that periodontal regeneration can be achieved via the utilization of a multiphasic construct, with Bm-MSCs and PDLCs obtaining superior results as compared with GC-derived cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaquette
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia.,3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - S Saifzadeh
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - A Farag
- 3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,2 Center in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health of Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- 3 School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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21
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Jiang C, Liu H, Sun H, Wang X, Liao H, Ma L, Cao Z. Downregulation of angiopoietin-like protein 2 inhibits cementoblast differentiation partially by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:314-326. [PMID: 30787989 PMCID: PMC6357320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue, is associated with tissue homeostasis, and promotes osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation. In teeth, cementum, a thin layer of mineralized tissue that is formed by cementoblasts, covers the entire root surface and is a vital component of periodontium. The cementoblasts regulate the deposition and mineralization of the cementum matrix. However, the effects of ANGPTL2 on cementoblast differentiation have not been studied. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of ANGPTL2 during cementoblast differentiation and determine its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that the expression levels of ANGPTL2 gradually increased during cementoblast differentiation. After ANGPTL2 was knocked down using short-hairpin RNA, the levels of the osteogenic markers osterix (OSX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) decreased. In addition, ALP activity and the number of calcified nodules were dramatically reduced compared with those in the negative control. Interestingly, the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was activated after ANGPTL2 knockdown. Treatment with PD98059, the inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, partially rescued the decreased differentiation capability of cementoblast caused by ANGPTL2 downregulation. Collectively, ANGPTL2 knockdown inhibited cementoblast differentiation partially by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that ANGPTL2 was indispensable in cementoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hualing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regenerative treatment options are available, periodontal regeneration is still regarded as insufficient and unpredictable. AIM This review article provides scientific background information on the animated 3D film Cell-to-Cell Communication - Periodontal Regeneration. RESULTS Periodontal regeneration is understood as a recapitulation of embryonic mechanisms. Therefore, a thorough understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating normal tooth root development is imperative to improve existing and develop new periodontal regenerative therapies. However, compared to tooth crown and earlier stages of tooth development, much less is known about the development of the tooth root. The formation of root cementum is considered the critical element in periodontal regeneration. Therefore, much research in recent years has focused on the origin and differentiation of cementoblasts. Evidence is accumulating that the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) has a pivotal role in root formation and cementogenesis. Traditionally, ectomesenchymal cells in the dental follicle were thought to differentiate into cementoblasts. According to an alternative theory, however, cementoblasts originate from the HERS. What happens when the periodontal attachment system is traumatically compromised? Minor mechanical insults to the periodontium may spontaneously heal, and the tissues can structurally and functionally be restored. But what happens to the periodontium in case of periodontitis, an infectious disease, after periodontal treatment? A non-regenerative treatment of periodontitis normally results in periodontal repair (i.e., the formation of a long junctional epithelium) rather than regeneration. Thus, a regenerative treatment is indicated to restore the original architecture and function of the periodontium. Guided tissue regeneration or enamel matrix proteins are such regenerative therapies, but further improvement is required. As remnants of HERS persist as epithelial cell rests of Malassez in the periodontal ligament, these epithelial cells are regarded as a stem cell niche that can give rise to new cementoblasts. Enamel matrix proteins and members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) superfamily have been implicated in cementoblast differentiation. CONCLUSION A better knowledge of cell-to-cell communication leading to cementoblast differentiation may be used to develop improved regenerative therapies to reconstitute periodontal tissues that were lost due to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter D Bosshardt
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Tsiligkrou IA, Tosios KI, Madianos PN, Vrotsos IA, Panis VG. Oxytalan-positive peripheral ossifying fibromas express runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein-2, and cementum attachment protein. An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:628-33. [PMID: 25359431 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) represents one of the most common lesions of the periodontal tissues that may originate from the gingival soft tissues, the periosteum, or the periodontal ligament. AIM To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and cementum attachment protein (CAP) in oxytalan-positive POF, to establish the use of POF as an in vivo model for the study of the periodontal ligament. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty tumors that presented clinical and histologic features of POF, as well as oxytalan fibers, were included in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of Runx-2, BMP-2, and CAP was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS Runx-2, BMP-2, and CAP were abundantly expressed by POFs; 22 of 30 tumors expressed positive staining for Runx-2, twenty-six tumors for BMP-2, and twenty-five tumors for CAP. The expression of Runx-2 was abundant in POFs where bone was histologically present (P = 0.04) and of BMP-2 in POFs where dystrophic calcifications were present (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION It is suggested that oxytalan-positive POFs, purportedly originating from the periodontal ligament, express molecules that are specific to bone and cementum (Runx-2, BMP-2), or cementum only (CAP). Thus, the cell populations present in the lesion belong to the mineralized-tissue-forming cell lineages, the cementoblastic or osteoblastic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Tsiligkrou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Phoebus N Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Vrotsos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios G Panis
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used for more than 10 years in the dental community and has often been thought of as a material of choice for the endodontist. The dental pulp is closely related to periodontal tissues through apical foramina, accessory canals, and dentinal tubules. Due to this interrelationship, pulpal diseases may influence periodontal health and periodontal infections may affect pulpal integrity. It is estimated that pulpal and periodontal problems are responsible for more than 50% of tooth mortality. Thus, these associations recommend an interdisciplinary approach. MTA appears to exhibit significant results even in periodontal procedures as it is the first restorative material that consistently allows for over-growth of cementum and may facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration. Thus, in the present review, an attempt is made to discuss the clinical applications of MTA as an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma M Naik
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Pushpa S Pudakalkatti
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjeevini A Hattarki
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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25
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Tsuchiya S, Tsuchiya M, Nishioka T, Suzuki O, Sasano Y, Igarashi K. Physiological distal drift in rat molars contributes to acellular cementum formation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1255-63. [PMID: 23775928 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occlusal forces may induce the physiological teeth migration in humans, but there is little direct evidence. Rat molars are known to migrate distally during aging, possibly caused by occlusal forces. The purpose of this study was to determine if a reduction in occlusion would decrease teeth migration and affect associated periodontal structures such as cementum. To reduce occlusal forces, the right upper first molar (M1) in juvenile rats was extracted. The transition of the position of upper second molar (M2) and formation of M2 cementum was followed during aging. From the cephalometric analyses, upper M2 was located more anterior compared with the original position with aging after M1 extraction. Associated with this "slowing-down" of the physiological drift, cementum thickness on distal surface, but not on mesial surface, of M2 root was significantly increased. The accumulation of alizarin red as vital stain indicative of calcification, was observed in the distal cementum of M2 root only on the side of M1 extraction. Extraction of M1 that results in less functional loading, distinctly attenuates the physiological drift only in the upper dentition. The decreased physiological drift appears to activate acellular cementum formation only on distal surface of M2 root, perhaps due to reduced mechanical stress associated with the attenuated distal drift. In conclusion, the physiological distal drift in rat molars appears to be largely driven by the occlusal force and also affects the formation of acellular cementum. These findings provide additional direct evidence for an important role of occlusal forces in tooth migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Tsuchiya
- Division of Oral Dysfunction Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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