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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Fisher G, Tay J, Warren JL, Garvey WT, Yarar‐Fisher C, Gower BA. Sex and race contribute to variation in mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15049. [PMID: 34605220 PMCID: PMC8488557 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin sensitivity is lower in African American (AA) versus Caucasian American (CA). We tested the hypothesis that lower insulin sensitivity in AA could be explained by mitochondrial respiratory rates, coupling efficiency, myofiber composition, or H2 O2 emission. A secondary aim was to determine whether sex affected the results. METHODS AA and CA men and women, 19-45 years, BMI 17-43 kg m2 , were assessed for insulin sensitivity (SIClamp ) using a euglycemic clamp at 120 mU/m2 /min, muscle mitochondrial function using high-resolution respirometry, H2 O2 emission using amplex red, and % myofiber composition. RESULTS SIClamp was greater in CA (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.01). Proportion of type I myofibers was lower in AA (p < 0.01). Mitochondrial respiratory rates, coupling efficiency, and H2 O2 production did not differ with race. Mitochondrial function was positively associated with insulin sensitivity in women but not men. Statistical adjustment for mitochondrial function, H2 O2 production, or fiber composition did not eliminate the race difference in SIClamp . CONCLUSION Neither mitochondrial respiratory rates, coupling efficiency, myofiber composition, nor mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production explained lower SIClamp in AA compared to CA. The source of lower insulin sensitivity in AA may be due to other aspects of skeletal muscle that have yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fisher
- Departments of Human StudiesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jeannie Tay
- Departments of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences (SICS)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A‐STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jonathan L. Warren
- Departments of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Departments of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Ceren Yarar‐Fisher
- Departments of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Barbara A. Gower
- Departments of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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Prakash O, Hossain F, Danos D, Lassak A, Scribner R, Miele L. Racial Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of the Role of Biologic and Non-biologic Factors. Front Public Health 2020; 8:576964. [PMID: 33415093 PMCID: PMC7783321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.576964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). TNBC constitutes about 15–30 percent of all diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases in the United States. African-American (AA) women have high prevalence of TNBC with worse clinical outcomes than European-American (EA) women. The contributing factors underlying racial disparities have been divided into two major categories based on whether they are related to lifestyle (non-biologic) or unrelated to lifestyle (biologic). Our objective in the present review article was to understand the potential interactions by which these risk factors intersect to drive the initiation and development of the disparities resulting in the aggressive TNBC subtypes in AA women more likely than in EA women. To reach our goal, we conducted literature searches using MEDLINE/PubMed to identify relevant articles published from 2005 to 2019 addressing breast cancer disparities primarily among AA and EA women in the United States. We found that disparities in TNBC may be attributed to racial differences in biological factors, such as tumor heterogeneity, population genetics, somatic genomic mutations, and increased expression of genes in AA breast tumors which have direct link to breast cancer. In addition, a large number of non-biologic factors, including socioeconomic deprivation adversities associated with poverty, social stress, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of healthcare access and pattern of reproductive factors, can promote comorbid diseases such as obesity and diabetes which may adversely contribute to the aggression of TNBC biology in AA women. Further, the biological risk factors directly linked to TNBC in AA women may potentially interact with non-biologic factors to promote a higher prevalence of TNBC, more aggressive biology, and poor survival. The relative contributions of the biologic and non-biologic factors and their potential interactions is essential to our understanding of disproportionately high burden and poor survival rates of AA women with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fokhrul Hossain
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Denise Danos
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Richard Scribner
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Lucio Miele
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Pratt J, Boreham C, Ennis S, Ryan AW, De Vito G. Genetic Associations with Aging Muscle: A Systematic Review. Cells 2019; 9:E12. [PMID: 31861518 PMCID: PMC7016601 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function known as 'sarcopenia' is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, functional disability and mortality. While skeletal muscle properties are known to be highly heritable, evidence regarding the specific genes underpinning this heritability is currently inconclusive. This review aimed to identify genetic variants known to be associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched (from January 2004 to March 2019) using pre-defined search terms such as "aging", "sarcopenia", "skeletal muscle", "muscle strength" and "genetic association". Candidate gene association studies and genome wide association studies that examined the genetic association with muscle phenotypes in non-institutionalised adults aged ≥50 years were included. Fifty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Twenty-six genes and 88 DNA polymorphisms were analysed across the 54 studies. The ACTN3, ACE and VDR genes were the most frequently studied, although the IGF1/IGFBP3, TNFα, APOE, CNTF/R and UCP2/3 genes were also shown to be significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies. Ten DNA polymorphisms (rs154410, rs2228570, rs1800169, rs3093059, rs1800629, rs1815739, rs1799752, rs7412, rs429358 and 192 bp allele) were significantly associated with muscle phenotypes in two or more studies. Through the identification of key gene variants, this review furthers the elucidation of genetic associations with muscle phenotypes associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
| | - Sean Ennis
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
- UCD ACoRD, Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony W. Ryan
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; (S.E.); (A.W.R.)
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; (C.B.); (G.D.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Hwang J, Zmuda JM, Kuipers AL, Bunker CH, Santanasto AJ, Wheeler VW, Miljkovic I. Serum Vitamin D and Age-Related Muscle Loss in Afro-Caribbean Men: The Importance of Age and Diabetic Status. J Frailty Aging 2019; 8:131-137. [PMID: 31237313 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies examining the potential association of vitamin D with age-related muscle loss have shown inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and prospective change in lean mass with aging in African ancestry population. We also determined if associations were modulated by age and diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Data were collected from a random sub-sample of 574 men, participants of the Tobago Bone Health Study (TBHS). PARTICIPANTS 574 Afro-Caribbean men, aged 43+ years (mean age: 59.1 ± 10.5), who were randomly selected as the participants in both the baseline and the follow-up visits. MEASUREMENTS Baseline fasting serum 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and and 1,25(OH)2D was measured using radioimmunosassay (RIA). Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured appendicular lean mass (ALM), and total body lean mass (TBLM) were measured over an average of 6.0 ± 0.5 years. The associations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D with ALM and TBLM were assessed by multiple linear regression model after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS When stratifying all men into two groups by age, greater baseline 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D levels were associated with smaller losses of ALM and TBLM in older (age 60+ years) but not in younger (age 43 - 59 years) men. When stratifying by DM status, the associations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D with declines in ALM and TBLM were statistically significant only in prediabetic, but not among normal glycemic or diabetic men. CONCLUSION Higher endogenous vitamin D concentrations are associated with less lean mass loss with aging among older and prediabetic Afro-Caribbean men independent of potential confounders. Our findings raise a possibility that maintaining high serum vitamin D level might be important for musculoskeletal health in elderly and prediabetic African ancestry men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hwang
- Iva Miljkovic, MD, PhD, FAHA, Associate professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, A524 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Phone: 412-624-7325, E-mail:
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Hunter GR, Fisher G, Bryan DR, Borges JH, Carter SJ. Divergent Blood Pressure Response After High-Intensity Interval Exercise: A Signal of Delayed Recovery? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3004-3010. [PMID: 30239453 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hunter, GR, Fisher, G, Bryan, DR, Borges, JH, and Carter, SJ. Divergent blood pressure response after high-intensity interval exercise: a signal of delayed recovery? J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3004-3010, 2018-The objective of this commentary is to highlight potential factors influential to the adaptation of high-intensity exercise. Herein, we present a rationale supporting the contention that elevated systolic blood pressure, after a bout of high-intensity exercise, may be indicative of delayed/incomplete recovery. Relative to type I skeletal muscle fibers, the unique cellular/vascular characteristics of type II muscle fibers may necessitate longer recovery periods, especially when exposed to repeated high-intensity efforts (i.e., intervals). In addition to the noted race disparities in cardiometabolic disease risk, including higher mean blood pressures, African Americans may have a larger percentage of type II muscle fibers, thus possibly contributing to noted differences in recovery after high-intensity exercise. Given that optimal recovery is needed to maximize physiological adaptation, high-intensity training programs should be individually-tailored and consistent with recovery profile(s). In most instances, even among those susceptible, the risk to nonfunctional overreaching can be largely mitigated if sufficient recovery is integrated into training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Juliano H Borges
- Departments of Nutrition Sciences, and.,Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Departments of Nutrition Sciences, and.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans' primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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8
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 PMCID: PMC5710317 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans’ primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Fisher G, Windham ST, Griffin P, Warren JL, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Associations of human skeletal muscle fiber type and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and vascular hemodynamics in a cohort of premenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1413-1422. [PMID: 28497385 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiometabolic disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations. Consequently, identifying and understanding factors associated with underlying pathophysiological processes leading to chronic cardio metabolic conditions is critical. Metabolic health, arterial elasticity, and insulin sensitivity (SI) may impact disease risk, and may be determined in part by myofiber type. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that type I myofiber composition would be associated with high SI, greater arterial elasticity, lower blood pressure, and blood lipids; whereas, type IIx myofibers would be associated with lower SI, lower arterial elasticity, higher blood pressure, blood lipids. METHODS Muscle biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis in 16 subjects (BMI = 27.62 ± 4.71 kg/m2, age = 32.24 ± 6.37 years, 43% African American). The distribution of type I, IIa, and IIx myofibers was determined via immunohistochemistry performed on frozen cross-sections. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess associations between myofiber composition, SI, arterial elasticity, blood pressure, and blood lipid concentrations. RESULTS The percentage of type I myofibers positively correlated with SI and negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP); whereas, the percentage of type IIx myofibers were negatively correlated with SI and large artery elasticity, and positively correlated with LDL cholesterol, SBP, and MAP. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a potential link between myofiber composition and cardiometabolic health outcomes in a cohort of premenopausal women. Future research is needed to determine the precise mechanisms in which myofiber composition impacts the pathophysiology of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fisher
- Departments of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Perry Griffin
- Departments of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jonathan L Warren
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Departments of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Pattanakuhar S, Pongchaidecha A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The effect of exercise on skeletal muscle fibre type distribution in obesity: From cellular levels to clinical application. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:112-132. [PMID: 27756527 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play important roles in metabolism, energy expenditure, physical strength, and locomotive activity. Skeletal muscle fibre types in the body are heterogeneous. They can be classified as oxidative types and glycolytic types with oxidative-type are fatigue-resistant and use oxidative metabolism, while fibres with glycolytic-type are fatigue-sensitive and prefer glycolytic metabolism. Several studies demonstrated that an obese condition with abnormal metabolic parameters has been negatively correlated with the distribution of oxidative-type skeletal muscle fibres, but positively associated with that of glycolytic-type muscle fibres. However, some studies demonstrated otherwise. In addition, several studies demonstrated that an exercise training programme caused the redistribution of oxidative-type skeletal muscle fibres in obesity. In contrast, some studies showed inconsistent findings. Therefore, the present review comprehensively summarizes and discusses those consistent and inconsistent findings from clinical studies, regarding the association among the distribution of skeletal muscle fibre types, obese condition, and exercise training programmes. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms and clinical application of the alterations in muscle fibre type following obesity are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintip Pattanakuhar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Ceaser T, Hunter G. Black and White Race Differences in Aerobic Capacity, Muscle Fiber Type, and Their Influence on Metabolic Processes. Sports Med 2015; 45:615-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Denies MS, Johnson J, Maliphol AB, Bruno M, Kim A, Rizvi A, Rustici K, Medler S. Diet-induced obesity alters skeletal muscle fiber types of male but not female mice. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00204. [PMID: 24744883 PMCID: PMC3967687 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are highly plastic tissues capable dramatic remodeling in response to use, disuse, disease, and other factors. Growing evidence suggests that adipose tissues exert significant effects on the basic fiber‐type composition of skeletal muscles. In the current study, we investigated the long‐term effects of a high‐fat diet and subsequent obesity on the muscle fiber types in C57 BLK/6J mice. Litters of mice were randomly assigned to either a high‐fat diet or a control group at the time of weaning, and were maintained on this diet for approximately 1 year. Single fibers were harvested from the soleus and plantaris muscles, and fiber types were determined using SDS‐PAGE. The high‐fat diet mice were significantly heavier than the control mice (39.17 ± 2.7 g vs. 56.87 ± 3.4 g; P < 0.0003), but muscle masses were not different. In male mice, the high‐fat diet was associated with a significantly lower proportion of slow, type I fibers in the soleus muscle (40.4 ± 3.5% vs. 29.33 ± 2.6%; P < 0.0165). Moreover, the proportion of type I fibers in the soleus of male mice was inversely proportional to the relative fatness of the male mice (P < 0.003; r2 = 0.65), but no association was observed in female mice. In male mice, the decline in type I fibers was correlated with an increase in type I/IIA hybrid fibers, suggesting that the type I fibers were transformed primarily into these hybrids. The reported trends indicate that type I fibers are most susceptible to the effects of obesity, and that these fiber‐type changes can be sex specific. Mice were fed a high‐fat diet and subsequently became obese. Obese male mice exhibited a significant decline in slow type I fibers in the soleus muscles, compared with controls. The loss of type I fibers was directly proportional to measures of body fat, suggesting a “dose”‐dependent effect on muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell S Denies
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Jordan Johnson
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Amanda B Maliphol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, New York
| | - Michael Bruno
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Annabelle Kim
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Abbas Rizvi
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Kevyn Rustici
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
| | - Scott Medler
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, 14063, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Persson and
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - A. Bondke Persson
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
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Okwuosa TEM, Williams KA. Cardiovascular Health in Africans Living in the United States. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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