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Langer RD, Borges JH, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. PHYSICAL FITNESS, PHASE ANGLE AND BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION OF YOUNG MALE ARMY CADETS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000677864.00681.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hunter GR, Neumeier WH, Chandler-Laney PC, Carter SJ, Borges JH, Hornbuckle LM, Plaisance EP, Fisher G. Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Walking Predicts Endurance Independent of Physiological Effort in Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1340-1344. [PMID: 31524783 PMCID: PMC8515831 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hunter, GR, Neumeier, WH, Chandler-Laney, PC, Carter, SJ, Borges, JH, Hornbuckle, LM, Plaisance, EP, and Fisher, G. Ratings of perceived exertion during walking predicts endurance independent of physiological effort in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1340-1344, 2020-This study aimed to determine whether ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological effort at different exercise intensities relate to exercise endurance. Ninety-eight sedentary women (older than 60 years) completed 3 submaximal locomotion tasks: (a) stair climbing, (b) flat walking at 2 mph, and (c) grade walking at 2 mph. Maximal treadmill endurance was measured at least 3 days before the submaximal tests. Oxygen uptake was measured during all tests, and RPE were collected for the submaximal tasks. Ratings of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise (walking on the flat at 43% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, partial R = -0.35, p < 0.01), but not higher intensity exercise (grade walk at 59% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, p = 0.49, and stair climbing at 67% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, p = 0.17), were related to endurance even after adjusting for aerobic capacity and physiological effort (composite of maximal heart rate, ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio). However, physiological effort was significantly related to endurance for the higher intensity exercise (both grade walk and stair climbing partial R >-0.24, p < 0.02). Similar to previous findings that subjective ratings of fatigue at rest were related to RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise, but not higher intensity exercise, these data further support Ekkekakis's dual-mode hypothesis that cognitive factors influence RPE during low/moderate-intensity exercise. A practical application is that the coach and personal trainer should know that physiological effort seems to play a greater role in influencing endurance than RPE as intensity of exercise increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William H. Neumeier
- School of Health Professions Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Stephen J. Carter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Juliano H. Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Langer RD, Silva AM, Borges JH, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra‐Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Physical training over 6 months is associated with improved changes in phase angle, body composition, and blood glucose in healthy young males. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23275. [PMID: 31187509 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D. Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Analiza M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Department of Sport and Health of the Faculty of Human KineticsUniversity of Lisbon Cruz Quebrada Portugal
| | - Juliano H. Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Vagner X. Cirolini
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Mauro A. Páscoa
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra‐Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M. Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Centre for Investigation in Paediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
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Langer RD, Matias CN, Borges JH, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Accuracy of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Estimated Longitudinal Fat-Free Mass Changes in Male Army Cadets. Mil Med 2019; 183:e324-e331. [PMID: 29590470 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical and rapid method for making a longitudinal analysis of changes in body composition. However, most BIA validation studies have been performed in a clinical population and only at one moment, or point in time (cross-sectional study). The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of predictive equations based on BIA with regard to the changes in fat-free mass (FFM) in Brazilian male army cadets after 7 mo of military training. The values used were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Materials and Methods The study included 310 male Brazilian Army cadets (aged 17-24 yr). FFM was measured using eight general predictive BIA equations, with one equation specifically applied to this population sample, and the values were compared with results obtained using DXA. The student's t-test, adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of estimation (SEE), Lin's approach, and the Bland-Altman test were used to determine the accuracy of the predictive BIA equations used to estimate FFM in this population and between the two moments (pre- and post-moment). Results The FFM measured using the nine predictive BIA equations, and determined using DXA at the post-moment, showed a significant increase when compared with the pre-moment (p < 0.05). All nine predictive BIA equations were able to detect FFM changes in the army cadets between the two moments in a very similar way to the reference method (DXA). However, only the one BIA equation specific to this population showed no significant differences in the FFM estimation between DXA at pre- and post-moment of military routine. All predictive BIA equations showed large limits of agreement using the Bland-Altman approach. Conclusion The eight general predictive BIA equations used in this study were not found to be valid for analyzing the FFM changes in the Brazilian male army cadets, after a period of approximately 7 mo of military training. Although the BIA equation specific to this population is dependent on the amount of FFM, it appears to be a good alternative to DXA for assessing FFM in Brazilian male army cadets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Páscoa
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Growth and Development - Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Borges JH, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Methods for data analysis of resting energy expenditure measured using indirect calorimetry. Nutrition 2019; 59:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hunter GR, Fisher G, Bryan DR, Borges JH, Carter SJ. Divergent Blood Pressure Response After High-Intensity Interval Exercise: A Signal of Delayed Recovery? J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:3004-3010. [PMID: 30239453 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hunter, GR, Fisher, G, Bryan, DR, Borges, JH, and Carter, SJ. Divergent blood pressure response after high-intensity interval exercise: a signal of delayed recovery? J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3004-3010, 2018-The objective of this commentary is to highlight potential factors influential to the adaptation of high-intensity exercise. Herein, we present a rationale supporting the contention that elevated systolic blood pressure, after a bout of high-intensity exercise, may be indicative of delayed/incomplete recovery. Relative to type I skeletal muscle fibers, the unique cellular/vascular characteristics of type II muscle fibers may necessitate longer recovery periods, especially when exposed to repeated high-intensity efforts (i.e., intervals). In addition to the noted race disparities in cardiometabolic disease risk, including higher mean blood pressures, African Americans may have a larger percentage of type II muscle fibers, thus possibly contributing to noted differences in recovery after high-intensity exercise. Given that optimal recovery is needed to maximize physiological adaptation, high-intensity training programs should be individually-tailored and consistent with recovery profile(s). In most instances, even among those susceptible, the risk to nonfunctional overreaching can be largely mitigated if sufficient recovery is integrated into training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Juliano H Borges
- Departments of Nutrition Sciences, and.,Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Departments of Nutrition Sciences, and.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN
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Hunter GR, Bryan DR, Borges JH, Diggs MD, Carter SJ. Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet-Induced Weight Loss in Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1255-1260. [PMID: 29957829 PMCID: PMC6107384 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether there are race-specific differences in the maintenance of skeletal muscle during energy restriction. Changes in relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI; limb lean tissue divided by height squared) were compared following (1) diet alone, (2) diet + aerobic training, or (3) diet + resistance training. METHODS Overweight, sedentary African American (AA; n = 72) and European American (EA; n = 68) women were provided an 800-kcal/d diet to reduce BMI < 25 kg/m2 . Regional fat-free mass was measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Steady-state VO2 and heart rate responses during walking were measured. RESULTS AA women had greater RSMI and preserved RSMI during diet alone, while RSMI was significantly reduced among EA women (EA women -3.6% vs. AA women + 1.1%; P < 0.05). Diet + resistance training subjects retained RSMI (EA women + 0.2% vs. AA women + 1.4%; P = 50.05), whereas diet + aerobic training subjects decreased RSMI (EA women -1.4% vs. AA women -1.5%; P < 0.05). Maintenance of RSMI was related to delta walking ease and economy. CONCLUSIONS Compared with AA women, EA women are less muscular and lose more muscle during weight loss without resistance training. During diet-induced weight loss, resistance training preserves skeletal muscle, especially among premenopausal EA women. Maintenance of muscle during weight loss associates with better ease and economy of walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - David R. Bryan
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Juliano H. Borges
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. David Diggs
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Stephen J. Carter
- Department of Nutrition Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Borges JH, Hunter GR, Silva AM, Cirolini VX, Langer RD, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Adaptive thermogenesis and changes in body composition and physical fitness in army cadets. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 59:94-101. [PMID: 29199788 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.08066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the association between a 34-week military training on body composition, physical fitness and compensatory changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) recognized as adaptive thermogenesis (AT). We also explored if regional body composition changes were related to AT. METHODS Twenty-nine male army cadets, aged 17 to 22 years were tested at baseline (T0) and after 34-weeks military training (T1). Physical training was performed 5 days/week during 90 minutes/day. Measurements included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; physical fitness by 3000-m running, pull-up, 50-m freestyle swimming, push-up and sit-up tests; REE measured by indirect calorimetry (REEm) and predicted from fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and ethnicity at T0 (REEp). %AT was calculated using values at T1: 100(REEm/REEp-1); and AT (kcal/day) as %AT/100 multiplied by baseline REEm. RESULTS Physical training was associated with increases of lean soft tissue (LST) (∆1.2±1.3 kg), FM (∆1.4±1.3 kg), FFM (∆1.2±1.3 kg) and physical fitness (P<0.01), but no REE changes (∆59.6±168.9 kcal/day) and AT were observed (P>0.05). Though a large variability was found, AT was partially explained by trunk LST (r2=0.17, P=0.027). Individuals showing a higher AT response demonstrated a higher trunk LST increase (∆0.8±0.7 kg, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The military training increased LST, FM, FFM and physical fitness. Though no mean changes in AT occurred, a large individual variability was observed with some participants increasing REE beyond the expected body composition changes, suggesting a spendthrift phenotype. Changes of trunk LST may play an important role in the AT response observed in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano H Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil -
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Páscoa
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Langer RD, Borges JH, Pascoa MA, Cirolini VX, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Estimation Fat-Free Mass in the Army Cadets. Nutrients 2016; 8:121. [PMID: 26978397 PMCID: PMC4808851 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a fast, practical, non-invasive, and frequently used method for fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. The aims of this study were to validate predictive equations of BIA to FFM estimation in Army cadets and to develop and validate a specific BIA equation for this population. Methods: A total of 396 males, Brazilian Army cadets, aged 17–24 years were included. The study used eight published predictive BIA equations, a specific equation in FFM estimation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Student’s t-test (for paired sample), linear regression analysis, and Bland–Altman method were used to test the validity of the BIA equations. Results: Predictive BIA equations showed significant differences in FFM compared to DXA (p < 0.05) and large limits of agreement by Bland–Altman. Predictive BIA equations explained 68% to 88% of FFM variance. Specific BIA equations showed no significant differences in FFM, compared to DXA values. Conclusion: Published BIA predictive equations showed poor accuracy in this sample. The specific BIA equations, developed in this study, demonstrated validity for this sample, although should be used with caution in samples with a large range of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D Langer
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Juliano H Borges
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Mauro A Pascoa
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Vagner X Cirolini
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
| | - Ezequiel M Gonçalves
- Growth and Development Laboratory, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP 13083-887, Brazil.
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Borges JH, Langer RD, Cirolini VX, Páscoa MA, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Steady-State And Duration Of The Indirect Calorimetry Measurement In Healthy Subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478475.53932.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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