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Grahn B. Blepharitis and Neoplasms of the Canine Eyelid Margin and Skin. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:455-471. [PMID: 36813395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Canine eyelid masses (tumors) should include the differential clinical diagnoses of neoplasia and blepharitis. They have many common clinical signs including tumor, alopecia, and hyperemia. Biopsy and histologic examination remains the most effective diagnostic test to establish a confirmed diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Neoplasms are typically benign (tarsal gland adenomas, melanocytomas, and so forth) with the exception of lymphosarcoma. Blepharitis is noted in 2 age groups including dogs aged less than 1.5 years and middle aged to older dogs. Most blepharitis cases will respond to specific therapy once an accurate diagnosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Grahn
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Prairie Ocular Pathology Service, Prairie Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Traumatic Blepharitis Including Cutanous Changes with a Clinical Appearance of Immune-Mediated Disease. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A four-year-old intact male Labrador retriever was presented with acute onset of ulcerative lesions around both eyes, on the mucocutaneous junctions around the muzzle and nares, and on the lateral aspects of paw pads. All lesions were symmetrical and well demarcated. The rest of ocular and systemic examination was unremarkable. The onset of lesions was acute and coincided with an episode of intense hunting in switchgrass. Similar lesions were present in another dog used in the same hunting trip. The clinical presentation was suggestive of a possible immune-mediated skin disease. However, the patient responded to systemic antibiotic treatment with full recovery without recurrence upon cessation of therapy. Traumatic origin should be included into differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous ulcerative lesions presenting as a possible immune-mediated skin disease.
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Marchetti C, Borghetti P, Cacchioli A, Ferrari L, Armando F, Corradi A, Cantoni AM. Profile of gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of crossbreed dogs during stages of life and implication in aging. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:278. [PMID: 32771003 PMCID: PMC7414535 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs are scant, related only to healthy pure breed dogs and limited to a restricted age range. The aim of the study was to investigate the modulation of the γδ T lymphocyte (TCRγδ+) subpopulation in peripheral blood of crossbreed healthy dogs according to five identified stages of life: Puppy, Junior, Adult, Mature, Senior and to determine its implication in aging. A rigorous method of recruitment was used to minimize the influence of internal or external pressure on the immune response. Twenty-three intact female and twenty-four intact male dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were collected and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and γδ T cell subpopulations was performed. Results The percentage of γδ T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes was comparable with the value of 2.5% published by Faldyna and co-workers (2001), despite the percentage reported was investigated in less arranged age range groups and coming from four different dog pure breeds, whereas our data were recorded on wider age range groups and coming from crossbreed dogs. Therefore, the γδ T cell percentage (2.5%) is consistent and points out that such value is breed-independent. Statistical analysis highlighted differences in both percentage and absolute γδ T cells according to the stage of life. γδ T cells decreased significantly in the peripheral blood of elder dogs (Senior group) in comparison with previous stages of life (Puppy, Junior, and Adult groups). Differences in γδ T cells are significant and they are reported, for the first time, related to dog aging. Conclusions The study confirms dogs to be among the animals with a low TCRγδ+ cell profile. A decrease of the TCRγδ+ subpopulation percentage was observed in elder dogs. TCRγδ+ cells of group S were different from those of groups P, J, and A. The differences are reported for the first time in dog aging. Identifying the stage of life when the decrease of γδ T lymphocytes starts can be useful for providing a rationale for drafting a wellness plan trial to support thymus immune functions and mitigate its functional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Cacchioli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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Weingart C, Kohn B, Siekierski M, Merle R, Linek M. Blepharitis in dogs: a clinical evaluation in 102 dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:222-e69. [PMID: 30828906 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blepharitis is a common finding in many dogs with various skin diseases. OBJECTIVES To establish a definition for canine blepharitis versus periocular dermatitis (POD), to evaluate the clinical findings and underlying skin diseases of blepharitis, and to document the effects of blepharitis on tear production in dogs. ANIMALS One hundred and two privately owned dogs with clinical signs of blepharitis and a definitive diagnosis of skin disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS Prospective evaluation of clinical signs and underlying diseases in dogs with blepharitis alone compared to dogs with blepharitis and POD. RESULTS Brachycephalic dogs were significantly more likely to present with blepharitis than other breeds. Twenty five dogs had blepharitis alone [three dogs (2.9%) without and 22 dogs (21.5%) with cutaneous lesion beyond the periocular skin]. Seventy one of 102 (69%) presented with POD in addition to blepharitis. In six cases a differentiation between blepharitis and POD was not possible. Typical lesions included alopecia/hypotrichosis (97%), erythema (93%), eyelid oedema (50%) and crusts (39.2%). Allergic skin disease (52%) was the most common underlying cause of blepharitis, followed by infectious/parasitic diseases (21.5%), autoimmune disorders (17.7%) and neoplasia (4.9%). Four dogs could not be allocated to any of these disease groups. A diagnosis of parasitism was always accompanied by POD. Reduced tear production was detected in ten of the 53 dogs tested (18.8%). CONCLUSION Blepharitis occurring in the absence of other skin lesions is rare. The most common underlying cause of blepharitis is allergic dermatitis. Measurement of tear production should be recommended in all cases of blepharitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Weingart
- Clinic of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, Berlin, D-14163, Germany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, Berlin, D-14163, Germany
| | - Martina Siekierski
- Clinic of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19 b, Berlin, D-14163, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, D-14163, Berlin, Germany
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Mikkelsen LH, Holm F, Clasen-Linde E, Engraff P, Heegaard S. T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:79. [PMID: 30522494 PMCID: PMC6284267 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eyelid tumours are frequently found in dogs, most of these being benign. In case of an ulcerating eyelid tumour, malignancy must be considered. We report a unique case of a low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter. CASE PRESENTATION A 9-year-old Setter presented with a 6-month history of an eyelid ulcer. A malignant eyelid neoplasm was suspected, and the lesion was surgically excised. No other treatment was applied, and 19 months after excision the dog was still well. Histopathology revealed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate in the eyelid skin. Ulceration of the epithelium was seen, and the underlying tumour was composed of round and poorly demarcated pleomorphic tumour cells. The cytoplasm was pale and the nuclei heterogeneous. Numerous mitoses were present. The tumour cells stained strongly for CD3. The final diagnosis was a peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS). CONCLUSIONS This is the first described case of a solitary T-cell lymphoma NOS in the haired eyelid skin in a dog. Lymphoma should be considered in case of a persistent eyelid ulcer and a biopsy should be performed. T-cell lymphoma is generally an aggressive disease; however, indolent cases are well known, and as this case shows, complete excision of a solitary T-cell lymphoma can be curable. Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is an important differential diagnosis, which must be recognized as the prognosis is very poor and systemic treatment is mandatory. The sub-classification of canine lymphoma is not complete, and further studies are needed to identify lymphoma subgroups and provide treatment guidelines.
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Holm F, Hardon T, Clasen‐Linde E, Hjorth Mikkelsen L, Heegaard S. B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the nictitating membrane as the first presenting sign in a 2-year-old Springer Spaniel. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:2246-2251. [PMID: 30455930 PMCID: PMC6230651 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is an aggressive malignant disease. Necropsy and microscopical examination revealed widespread disease with a high proliferation index. This is the first reported case of B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting in the ocular region and only the second reported lymphoma of the nictitating membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Holm
- Department of Pathology, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Erik Clasen‐Linde
- Department of Pathology, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lauge Hjorth Mikkelsen
- Department of Pathology, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet‐GlostrupUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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8
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Wiggans KT, Skorupski KA, Reilly CM, Frazier SA, Dubielzig RR, Maggs DJ. Presumed solitary intraocular or conjunctival lymphoma in dogs and cats: 9 cases (1985–2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:460-70. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McCowan C, Malcolm J, Hurn S, O'Reilly A, Hardman C, Stanley R. Conjunctival lymphoma: immunophenotype and outcome in five dogs and three cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:351-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina McCowan
- University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinical Centre; 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee Melbourne 3030 Vic. Australia
- Veterinary Diagnostics; Biosciences Research Division; Department of Primary Industries; 5 Ring Road, Bundoora Melbourne 308 Vic. Australia
| | - Julia Malcolm
- Moe Veterinary Centre; 21 Lloyd St Moe 3825 Vic. Australia
| | - Simon Hurn
- All Animal Eye Services; 5 Andrew St Mt Waverly 3149 Vic. Australia
| | - Anu O'Reilly
- Animal Eye Care; 181 Darling RD Malvern East 3145 Vic. Australia
| | - Chloe Hardman
- Animal Eye Care; 181 Darling RD Malvern East 3145 Vic. Australia
| | - Robin Stanley
- Animal Eye Care; 181 Darling RD Malvern East 3145 Vic. Australia
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Escanilla N, Leiva M, Ordeix L, Peña T. Uveodermatologic lymphoma in two young related Portuguese water dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 15:345-50. [PMID: 22239173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canine lymphoma (CL) is one of the most common forms of spontaneous canine neoplasia. Improved understanding of the genetic and environmental factors associated with CL may provide benefits for the study of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. Uveodermatologic lymphoma is reported in a single household of Portuguese water dog, and the etiology is discussed. METHODS A 1-year-old female intact Portuguese water dog was referred to the Ophthalmology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Autonomous University of Barcelona because of acute blepharospasm of the right eye in association with a multinodular dermatosis. Physical and ophthalmological examination and a complete diagnostic work-up, including skin and ocular histopathology and immunohistochemistry, were performed. Three months prior, in Galicia (Spain), 1200 km away from Barcelona, a male dog of the same litter showed very similar oculodermatological clinical signs and skin histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were obtained. RESULTS The clinical diagnoses were anterior exudative uveitis, iridal masses, and secondary glaucoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a nonepitheliotropic lymphoma rich in B cell in dog 1 and rich in T cell in dog 2. CONCLUSION It is proposed that an underlying genetic predisposition could have played a role in the development of lymphoma in these two young related dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Escanilla
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Edifici V. 08193. Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Hong IH, Bae SH, Lee SG, Park JK, Ji AR, Ki MR, Han SY, Lee EM, Kim AY, You SY, Kim TH, Jeong KS. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:61-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coke RL, Garner MM, West GD, Hoover JP, Murphy B. Epitheliotropic lymphoma in a captive bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2007; 37:401-4. [PMID: 17319143 DOI: 10.1638/05-038.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 16-yr-old, female, captive-bred bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) estimated to be 75 kg, was presented with a 1-mo history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss. A cause for the deteriorating condition was not found antemortem, and the bontebok was humanely euthanatized when it failed to respond to empirical therapy. On necropsy, numerous nodules were present on the pleural surfaces and within the lung parenchyma, the pancreas appeared inflamed and fibrotic. Histologic examination revealed lymphoma in the mesenteric lymph nodes, alimentary tract, reproductive tract, and liver. In the small and large intestine, rumen, esophagus, bile duct, and vagina, the neoplastic cells had a tropism for epithelium. The neoplastic cells within the epithelium and subepithelium of the alimentary tract stained positively for CD3, consistent with T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob L Coke
- Oklahoma City Zoological Park, 2101 Northeast 50th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73111, USA
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Abstract
A 4-year-old, intact male Labrador Retriever with a rapidly progressive conjunctival mass was evaluated. Ocular examination showed a 2-cm elongated mass arising from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. The mass resulted in distortion of the palpebral fissure and contacted the superior aspect of the cornea without modifying its structure; no adhesion to the sclera was detected. The superior palpebral conjunctiva was unaffected, and the remaining ocular examination was normal. The initial diagnostic work-up included CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and fine needle biopsy of the mass. A poorly differentiated mast cell tumor was diagnosed by cytology. Immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate Ki-67 proliferation index, and 54/1000 tumoral nuclei showed a dark red staining. After a complete clinical staging, the mass was excised and identified histologically as a grade-II mast cell tumor. An adjuvant treatment with prednisone and vinblastine was instituted because of the limited excisional margins. No evidence of local recurrence or metastasis has been apparent during the 29-month follow-up period. This report contributes to the current literature pertaining to canine conjunctival mast cell tumors; unfortunately, the paucity of case reports and the absence of large studies regarding this tumor make conclusions regarding its biologic behavior impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barsotti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Risbon R, Lorimier L, Skorupski K, Burgess K, Bergman PJ, Carreras J, Hahn K, LeBlanc A, Turek M, Impellizeri J, III RF, Wojcieszyn J, Drobatz K, Clifford C. Response of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma to Lomustine (CCNU): A Retrospective Study of 46 Cases (1999-2004). J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bhang DH, Choi US, Kim MK, Choi EH, Kang MS, Hwang CY, Kim DY, Youn HY, Lee CW. Epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in a dog. J Vet Sci 2006; 7:97-9. [PMID: 16434861 PMCID: PMC3242097 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A seven-year-old castrated male Yorkshire terrier dog was presented for a recurrent skin disease. Erythematous skin during the first visit progressed from multiple plaques to patch lesions and exudative erosion in the oral mucosa membrane. Biopsy samples were taken from erythematous skin and were diagnosed with epitheliotropic T cell cutaneous lymphoma by histopathology and immunochemical stain. In serum chemistry, the dog had a hypercalcemia (15.7 mg/dl) and mild increased alkaline phosphatase (417 U/l). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP) in epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma tissues but the neoplastic cells were not labeled with anti-PTH-rP antibodies. The patient was treated with prednisolone and isotretinoin. However, the dog died unexpectedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Williams LE, Rassnick KM, Power HT, Lana SE, Morrison-Collister KE, Hansen K, Johnson JL. CCNU in the Treatment of Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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de Lorimier LP. Updates on the Management of Canine Epitheliotropic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2006; 36:213-28, viii-ix. [PMID: 16364786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe de Lorimier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Vascellari M, Multari D, Mutinelli F. Unicentric extranodal lymphoma of the upper eyelid conjunctiva in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2005; 8:67-70. [PMID: 15644103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2005.04053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of conjunctival lymphoma in a 4-year-old Siberian husky is reported. A large red mass protruding from the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid of the right eye was present. Irritation, blepharospasm and epiphora were revealed on initial ophthalmic examination. After anti-inflammatory treatment, surgery was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of large polygonal cells with a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, moderate amounts of slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei with vesicular chromatin and prominent multiple nucleoli. Mitotic figures were frequent. Approximately 70% of the neoplastic cells were CD3 positive and CD79alpha negative. On the basis of histologic and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of intermediate-grade, diffuse large-cell lymphoma with T-cell immunophenotype was made. The surgical area healed uneventfully and, although chemotherapy was not received, after 12 months the dog exhibited no recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of unicentric extranodal conjunctival lymphoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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