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Didehvar DS, Lanza MR, Atherton MJ, Lenz JA. Malignant transformation and subsequent leptomeningeal carcinomatosis of a gastric polyp in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1744-1750. [PMID: 38587203 PMCID: PMC11099795 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive carcinogenesis of a gastric polyp with transformation to gastric adenocarcinoma and subsequent development of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is described in an adult male Scottish terrier. Presenting clinical signs consisted of vomiting with intermittent hematemesis. Surgical biopsies over the course of 14 months documented the progression from gastric polyp to minimally invasive gastric carcinoma to invasive gastric adenocarcinoma, a pathogenesis not previously documented in veterinary oncology. The patient ultimately developed neurologic pathology and was euthanized, and necropsy evaluation identified widespread carcinomatosis with accompanying leptomeningeal metastasis. As in humans, gastric polyps in dogs rarely have malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon S. Didehvar
- Department of Clinical Science & Advanced MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew R. Lanza
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Comparative Medicine, College of MedicinePennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Matthew J. Atherton
- Department of Clinical Science & Advanced MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Lenz
- Department of Clinical Science & Advanced MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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E-cadherin Expression in Canine Gastric Carcinomas: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040172. [PMID: 35448670 PMCID: PMC9027758 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell-adhesion molecule known for its tumor-invasion suppressor function. E-cad expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of canine tissue samples, including normal gastric mucosa (NGM; n = 3), gastric carcinomas (GC; n = 33), adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM; n = 32), neoplastic emboli (n = 16) and metastatic lesions (n = 9). The relationship between E-cad expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. In NGM, epithelial cells showed strong latero-lateral membranous expression of E-cad, and this pattern was considered normal. The membranous staining was preserved in all specimens of NNM (100%), whereas abnormal E-cad expression was found in 87.9% of the GCs. A marked difference in E-cad expression was observed between normal and malignant tissues (p < 0.0002). Abnormal E-cad expression was significantly more frequent in poorly/undifferentiated carcinomas (96%) and diffuse (95%) and indeterminate carcinomas (100%) than in well-differentiated/intestinal ones (62.5%; p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0392, respectively). There was significant association between abnormal E-cad expression and the depth of invasion (p = 0.0117), and the presence neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0194). No statistically significant differences in E-cad expression were observed concerning tumor location, histological type according to WHO classification, and presence of metastatic lesions. Therefore, deregulation of E-cad expression may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis and in tumor progression; moreover, it might be a prognostic tool for canine gastric cancer.
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Immunoexpression of Trefoil Factor 1 in Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Canine Gastric Tissues. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102855. [PMID: 34679875 PMCID: PMC8532865 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the second leading cause of death in humans and the most frequent malignancy in the stomach of dogs. As in humans, the prognosis of canine gastric cancer is generally poor owing to the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, resulting in limited treatment options. In dogs, the molecular mechanisms involved in the growth and progression of gastric cancer remain largely unknown. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) protein is a mucin-associated secretory molecule that plays an important role in the maintenance and protection of epithelial surface integrity. Some human studies showed that TFF1 can protect mucosa against damage and suppress carcinogenesis, while other studies showed that TFF1 can restrict cell adhesion, promote tumor cell invasion, and block necrosis of tumor cells. In human gastric cancer, TFF1 has been found to decrease, and it has been proposed that it might act as a tumor suppressor factor. The present study was carried out to investigate whether there is a relationship between TFF1 and canine gastric carcinogenesis. We found an association between reduced expression of TFF1 and the development and progression of gastric cancer in dogs. The pathological and behavioral similarities between spontaneous canine GC and human counterparts make it logical to assume that dogs may be a useful model for human gastric cancer. Abstract TFF1 expression is markedly reduced in human GCs, suggesting that TFF1 is a tumor suppressor for human gastric cancer. The present study evaluated the expression and distribution pattern of TFF1 in paraffin-embedded canine gastric tissue samples, including normal mucosa (n = 3), polyps (n = 8), carcinomas (n = 31) and their adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (n = 30), neoplastic emboli (n = 14), and metastatic lesions (n = 9), by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All normal gastric tissues expressed TFF1 in the superficial foveolar epithelium and mucopeptic cells of the neck region. Most gastric polyps (GPs) displayed immunoreactivity for TFF1 in >75% of the epithelial component. In GCs, the expression of TFF1 was found reduced in 74.2% of the cases. The level of TFF1 expression had a decreased tendency from normal gastric mucosa to GPs and GCs (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the expression of TFF1 were found in GCs, according to age, sex, histological type based on World Health Organization (WHO) and Lauren classification, tumor location, depth of tumor invasion, presence of neoplastic emboli or metastatic lesions. The median survival time of GC patients with preserved and reduced TFF1 immunoexpression were 30 and 12 days, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed no significant survival differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that TFF1 protein may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis, and further studies are necessary to define its usefulness as a prognostic indicator in canine gastric carcinoma.
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Lagerstedt E, Spillmann T, Airas N, Solano-Gallego L, Kilpinen S. Ménétrier-like disease in a Pointer with concurrent granulomatous gastritis, helicobacteriosis and leishmaniosis: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:98. [PMID: 33653341 PMCID: PMC7923814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ménétrier-like disease is a rare hypertrophic canine gastropathy, reported in only seven dogs. Clinical signs are vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. Macroscopically, giant cerebriform gastric mucosal folds are typically seen in the corpus and fundus of the stomach. Histopathologically, fundic mucous cell hyperplasia and loss of parietal and chief cells are typical. Case presentation A nine-year-old spayed female Pointer had a history of intermittent vomiting, marked weight loss and hypoalbuminaemia. A gastroduodenoscopy was performed three times within three months with macroscopic changes remaining the same. The gastric mucosa of the corpus, fundus and proximal antrum was markedly irregular, with cerebriform mucosal folds. In the first gastric biopsies, histopathology revealed a moderate granulomatous gastritis, with a severe manifestation of Helicobacter-like organisms. Treatment for Helicobacter spp. decreased the vomiting slightly. The dog was diagnosed with concurrent leishmaniosis; the conventional anti-Leishmania treatment decreased the vomiting moderately, the hypoalbuminaemia resolved and the dog gained weight back to a normal body condition. Granulomatous gastritis was not present in the gastric biopsies after these treatments. The dog increased vomiting when palliative treatment (maropitant citrate, ondansetron and esomeprazole) was discontinued, and thus, full-thickness biopsies of the stomach were taken and Ménétrier-like disease was diagnosed. The affected area was too large to be surgically removed; thus, palliative treatment was reinstated. The dog remained clinically well 39 months after the first clinical presentation. Conclusions This is the first report of Ménétrier-like disease in a dog with a simultaneous manifestation of granulomatous gastritis, helicobacteriosis and leishmaniosis. The clinical signs decreased after treatment of helicobacteriosis and leishmaniosis, but vomiting remained probably as a sign of Ménétrier-like disease. Treatment options for dogs are surgical removal of the abnormal area or palliative treatment. In humans, promising results for a cure have been shown with cetuximab treatment, a human monoclonal antibody, but no canine antibody is commercially available yet. The dog here was doing well 39 months after first presentation, which is the longest reported survival time for Ménétrier-like disease with only palliative treatment in dogs. Full-thickness biopsies are preferred in macroscopic hypertrophic lesions of the stomach for better assessment of Ménétrier-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lagerstedt
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - T Spillmann
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Airas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Kilpinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Romanucci M, Crisi PE, Giordano MV, Di Tommaso M, Simeoni F, Della Salda L. Hypertrophic gastropathy associated with gastric sarcoma in a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:112-115. [PMID: 33090082 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720966972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-y-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was presented with an 8-mo history of chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass protruding into the gastric lumen, with cytologic features suggestive of sarcoma. A partial gastrectomy was performed; the gastric body and antrum were thickened, with a cerebriform appearance of the mucosal surface. Histologic examination revealed a submucosal neoplastic proliferation of fusiform cells variably arranged in irregular bundles and scattered whorls. Fusiform cells strongly reacted to antibodies against vimentin, S100, and neuron-specific enolase; glial fibrillary acidic protein was moderately and multifocally expressed. Pancytokeratin, KIT, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin were nonreactive. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of gastric sarcoma with features referable to a non-GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor), non-smooth muscle NIMT (non-angiogenic, non-lymphogenic intestinal mesenchymal tumor). The overlying gastric mucosa was thickened by elongated and dilated gastric glands, predominantly lined by intensely periodic acid-Schiff-stained mucous cells. This altered mucosal architecture was suggestive of Ménétrier-like disease. Although this disease has been hypothesized to predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma in dogs, an association with gastric sarcoma has not been documented previously in the veterinary literature, to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo E Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Barker EN, Holdsworth AS, Hibbert A, Brown PJ, Hayward NJ. Hyperplastic and fibrosing gastropathy resembling Ménétrier disease in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919861248. [PMID: 31308958 PMCID: PMC6607575 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919861248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of weight loss and polyphagia. Clinical examination revealed a markedly reduced body condition score (2/9) and a quiet demeanour. Laboratory abnormalities comprised a mild non-regenerative anaemia, stress leukogram, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, azotaemia, hypokalaemia, total hypocalcaemia and sub-maximally concentrated urine (specific gravity 1.020). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed marked thickening of the gastric mucosa within the fundus, body and pylorus; the most dorsal portion of the fundus was spared. The thickened mucosa contained multiple small, anechoic cyst-like structures. The gastric submucosa, muscularis and serosa appeared normal. Histopathology, performed on a full-thickness gastric biopsy, revealed mucosal hypertrophy and markedly dilated gastric glands in areas; not all gastric glands were affected, with some appearing normal or atrophic. Focal interstitial fibrosis was present in some areas. The findings of hypoproteinaemia, gastric ultrasonographic changes and histopathology results share several similarities to those reported with Ménétrier disease. Relevance and novel information Ménétrier disease is a rare condition of the stomach in humans. A similar condition, giant hypertrophic gastritis (or Ménétrier-like disease), has also been described rarely in dogs. To our knowledge, Ménétrier-like disease has not been previously described cats. This case shares features of Ménétrier-like disease, raising the suspicion of a similar aetiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi N Barker
- The Feline Centre, Langford Vets, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Angie Hibbert
- The Feline Centre, Langford Vets, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter J Brown
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
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Hugen S, Thomas RE, German AJ, Burgener IA, Mandigers PJJ. Gastric carcinoma in canines and humans, a review. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:692-705. [PMID: 27549077 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the most common neoplasm in the stomach of dogs. Although incidence in the general population is reported to be low, breed-specific GC has a high incidence. Median age at presentation ranges from 8 to approximately 10 years. The disease is mostly located in the lesser curvature and antropyloric region of the stomach. Unfortunately, diagnosis is usually made when the disease is at an advanced stage and, therefore, prognosis is poor. Due to similarities in clinical presentation, diagnosis, histology and prognosis, canine GC may serve as a valuable model for human GC. Extensive pedigrees of canine gastric carcinoma cases could reveal insights for human gastric carcinoma. Putative species differences include the role of Helicobacter in pathogenesis, the wide array of genetic data and screening available for humans, and treatment protocols that are available for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hugen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R E Thomas
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A J German
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - I A Burgener
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P J J Mandigers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lecoindre A, Lecoindre P, Cadoré JL, Chevallier M, Guerret S, Derré G, Mcdonough SP, Simpson KW. Focal intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis in 10 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:465-71. [PMID: 27359251 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical and pathological features of canine focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis, to evaluate its underlying infectious cause and to compare it with human Crohn's disease. METHODS Retrospective review of case records with a histopathological diagnosis of focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Bacterial and fungal colonisation was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and histochemical staining, respectively. A comparison with Crohn's disease was performed by a human pathologist. RESULTS Ten dogs were evaluated. The historical complaints were predominantly chronic diarrhoea (10/10) and vomiting (5/10). The biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminaemia (6/10) and hypocobalaminaemia (4/6). Abdominal sonography revealed a thickened distal ileum±ileocolic junction. Colonoscopy showed a swollen caecal ostium and oedematous caecum in 7/10 dogs. A stenotic ileo-colic opening prevented endoscopic intubation in all dogs. Histology from the resected lesions revealed granulomatous inflammation involving the muscularis and serosa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated invasive bacteria in 2/10 dogs. Post-resection, all dogs received metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone. Remission (median 17 months) was achieved in 8/10 dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is a rare and severe form of canine inflammatory bowel disease with preferential localisation to the ileum and the ileocolic junction. An underlying infectious aetiology was not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lecoindre
- Service de Médecine Interne, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - P Lecoindre
- CVC Clinique des Cerisioz, Route de Saint-Symphorien-d'Ozon, 69800 Lyon, France
| | - J L Cadoré
- Service de Médecine interne, VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire, Université de Lyon, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - M Chevallier
- Laboratoire Biomnis, 17/19 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - S Guerret
- Laboratoire Biomnis, 17/19 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - G Derré
- Clinique Vétérinaire de la Plage, 1 Promenade George Pompidou, 13008, Marseille, France
| | - S P Mcdonough
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - K W Simpson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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Amorim I, Taulescu MA, Day MJ, Catoi C, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Gärtner F. Canine Gastric Pathology: A Review. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:9-37. [PMID: 26774560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric disorders are common in dogs and are a major reason for veterinary consultation. In human medicine, the classification of gastric diseases based on histological features, genotypes and molecular phenotypes helps to better understand the characteristics of each subtype, and to improve early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Canine gastric lesions often show strong histological similarities to their human counterparts. However, such conditions in the canine stomach are poorly studied and their cellular and molecular features are largely unknown. This article reviews the histopathological classification of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the canine stomach and provides an update on the application of molecular techniques within the field of canine gastric pathology. The canine disorders are compared with current knowledge of the equivalent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Taulescu
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - C Catoi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
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