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Bischof J, Gärtner F, Zeiser K, Kunz R, Schreiner C, Hoffer E, Burster T, Knippschild U, Zimecki M. Immune Cells and Immunosenescence. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019; 65:53-63. [PMID: 31464181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired physical and mental functions as well as increased morbidity and mortality. With advancing age, the immune system is no longer able to adequately control autoimmunity, infections, or cancer. The abilities of the elderly to slow down undesirable effects of aging may depend on the genetic background, lifestyle, geographic region, and other presently unknown factors. Although most aspects of the immunity are constantly declining in relation to age, some features are retained, while e.g. the ability to produce high levels of cytokines, response to pathogens by increased inflammation, and imbalanced proteolytic activity are found in the elderly, and might eventually cause harm. In this context, it is important to differentiate between the effect of immunosenescence that is contributing to this decline and adaptations of the immune system that can be quickly reversed if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bischof
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Gärtner
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Zeiser
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - R Kunz
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - C Schreiner
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Hoffer
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - T Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan Republic
| | - U Knippschild
- Department of General Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Zimecki
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Pazzini J, Serafim E, Uscategui R, Almeida V, Oliva C, Gärtner F, Amorim I, Faria F, Rêma A, Reis Filho N, Ferreira M, Silva A, Huppes R, Moraes P, Oliveira J, Nardi A. Surgical sponge associated with platelets rich plasma in skin mesh grafts and layer in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate of the efficacy of PRP employment associated with surgical sponges to improve the integration of the graft in the recipient bed. It was held at the Veterinary Hospital UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal - SP, a study of 64 rabbits, divided into eight groups with eight animals. The groups were divided in control with saline solution 0,9%, control with PRP both without the sponge, surgical sponge with PRP, surgical sponge without PRP, and were used mesh and layer grafts in the respective groups. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, with subsequent use of the multiple comparison tests of Dunn, analysis of variance (F) test, Tukey test, P< 0.05). Edema and exudate with 3 and 3 and 7 days (P= 0,03 e P= 0,0049); coloring on the 14th day (P= 0,0001); cosmetic appearance on the 7th and 14th day (P= 0,0026 and P= 0,0001); mononuclear cells (P= 0,01) and polymorphonuclear (P= 0,01); fibroblast proliferation (P= 0,01); collagenous (P= 0,05); hemorrhage (P-007); necrosis and re-epithelialization (P= 0,2928 and P= 0,1). We concluded that the use of Platelet Rich Plasma Gel on skin grafts associated with a sponge as a compressive dressing promote the skin graft survival without a previous granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A. Rêma
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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3
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Borm B, Gärtner F, Khaghani D, Neumayer P. Improvement of density resolution in short-pulse hard x-ray radiographic imaging using detector stacks. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:093104. [PMID: 27782594 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that stacking several imaging plates (IPs) constitutes an easy method to increase hard x-ray detection efficiency. Used to record x-ray radiographic images produced by an intense-laser driven hard x-ray backlighter source, the IP stacks resulted in a significant improvement of the radiograph density resolution. We attribute this to the higher quantum efficiency of the combined detectors, leading to a reduced photon noise. Electron-photon transport simulations of the interaction processes in the detector reproduce the observed contrast improvement. Increasing the detection efficiency to enhance radiographic imaging capabilities is equally effective as increasing the x-ray source yield, e.g., by a larger drive laser energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borm
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Gärtner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Khaghani
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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4
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Canadas A, Romão P, Gärtner F. Multiple Cutaneous Metastasis of a Malignant Leydig Cell Tumour in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2016; 155:181-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Amorim I, Taulescu MA, Day MJ, Catoi C, Reis CA, Carneiro F, Gärtner F. Canine Gastric Pathology: A Review. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:9-37. [PMID: 26774560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric disorders are common in dogs and are a major reason for veterinary consultation. In human medicine, the classification of gastric diseases based on histological features, genotypes and molecular phenotypes helps to better understand the characteristics of each subtype, and to improve early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Canine gastric lesions often show strong histological similarities to their human counterparts. However, such conditions in the canine stomach are poorly studied and their cellular and molecular features are largely unknown. This article reviews the histopathological classification of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the canine stomach and provides an update on the application of molecular techniques within the field of canine gastric pathology. The canine disorders are compared with current knowledge of the equivalent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Taulescu
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - C Catoi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C A Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidadedo Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho nr. 45, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nr. 228, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Figueira AC, Gomes C, Mendes N, Amorim I, de Matos A, Dias-Pereira P, Gärtner F. An in vitro and in vivo characterization of the cadherin-catenin adhesion complex in a feline mammary carcinoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15761/nrd.1000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Saraiva AL, Payan-Carreira R, Gärtner F, Faria F, Lourenço LM, Pires MA. Changes in c-erbB-2 Immunoexpression in Feline Endometrial Adenocarcinomas. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:33-9. [PMID: 26638806 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (c-erbB-2), an oncoprotein with potential prognostic marker and therapeutic use, is overexpressed in several human and animal tumours. But information regarding this molecule in feline tumours is scarce. This study aimed to assess the changes in the immunohistochemical expression of c-erbB-2 in feline endometrial adenocarcinomas (FEA) compared to normal endometrium. An immunohistochemistry assay using a specific antibody against c-erbB-2 was performed in FEA samples (n = 34) and in normal endometrium in the follicular (FS; n = 12) and luteal (LS; n = 11) stages. In FEA, the c-erbB-2 immunoexpression was assessed in neoplastic epithelial cells whilst in normal endometria it was individually evaluated in the surface and the superficial and deep glandular epithelia (SE, SGE and DGE, respectively). In FS and in LS, all the epithelia were positive for c-erbB-2; positivity was higher in the SE and the SGE than in DGE. Twenty of the 34 FEA samples (58.8%) were positive for c-erbB-2 immunolabelling. Nevertheless, its expression was higher in all the epithelia in the FS compared to FEA (p ≤ 0.0001) or the LS (p = 0.016). The results presented herein suggest that c-erbB-2 molecule is differently expressed in the feline endometrium through the oestrous cycle and though it may also be involved in feline endometrial carcinogenesis, a question remains unanswered on the importance of additional pathways of epithelial proliferation in the neoplastic changes in feline endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Saraiva
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Payan-Carreira
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - F Faria
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L M Lourenço
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M A Pires
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Assadi H, Irkhin I, Gutzmann H, Gärtner F, Schulze M, Villa Vidaller M, Klassen T. Determination of plastic constitutive properties of microparticles through single particle compression. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Saraiva AL, Payan-Carreira R, Gärtner F, Santana I, Rêma A, Lourenço LM, Pires MA. Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Feline Endometrial Adenocarcinoma and in Normal and Hyperplastic Endometria. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:333-340. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AL Saraiva
- CECAV; Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Quinta de Prados; Vila Real Portugal
- Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG); Coimbra Portugal
| | - R Payan-Carreira
- CECAV; Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Quinta de Prados; Vila Real Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS); University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP); Porto Portugal
| | - I Santana
- CECAV; Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Quinta de Prados; Vila Real Portugal
| | - A Rêma
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS); University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - LM Lourenço
- CECAV; Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Quinta de Prados; Vila Real Portugal
| | - MA Pires
- CECAV; Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Quinta de Prados; Vila Real Portugal
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10
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Delgado L, Gärtner F, Dias Pereira P. Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Canine Mammary Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Santos A, Lopes C, Gärtner F, Matos AJF. VEGFR-2 expression in malignant tumours of the canine mammary gland: a prospective survival study. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e83-92. [PMID: 24976305 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is the main receptor activated by vascular endothelial growth factor -A (VEGF-A) to promote tumour angiogenesis. Its clinical prognostic value has not been studied in canine mammary tumours (CMTs). Dogs with mammary cancer were enrolled in a survival study and the immunohistochemical expressions of VEGFR-2 and VEGF-A were analysed and associated with clinicopathological features. VEGFR-2 expression was associated with VEGF immunoreactivity in cancer cells, supporting the presence of an autocrine loop that may be involved in CMTs growth and survival. VEGFR-2 was also expressed by endothelial cells from tumour vasculature and positively associated with stromal matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), suggesting the existence of a link between endothelial cells activation and up-regulation of matrix degrading proteins. Carcinosarcomas exhibited high VEGFR-2 expression suggesting that it may be one of the activated molecular pathways in this aggressive histological type and that VEGFR-2 inhibitors may constitute a potential treatment to improve the prognosis of these patients. Both VEGF and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivities were independent of patients' overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Lusófona of Humanites and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lopes
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - A J F Matos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Biomedical Sciences Institute of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Animal Science and Study Centre/Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute (CECA/ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Benazzi C, Al-Dissi A, Chau CH, Figg WD, Sarli G, de Oliveira JT, Gärtner F. Angiogenesis in spontaneous tumors and implications for comparative tumor biology. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:919570. [PMID: 24563633 PMCID: PMC3916025 DOI: 10.1155/2014/919570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood supply is essential for development and growth of tumors and angiogenesis is the fundamental process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones. Angiogenesis is a prognostic indicator for a variety of tumors, and it coincides with increased shedding of neoplastic cells into the circulation and metastasis. Several molecules such as cell surface receptors, growth factors, and enzymes are involved in this process. While antiangiogenic therapy for cancer has been proposed over 20 years ago, it has garnered much controversy in recent years within the scientific community. The complex relationships between the angiogenic signaling cascade and antiangiogenic substances have indicated the angiogenic pathway as a valid target for anticancer drug development and VEGF has become the primary antiangiogenic drug target. This review discusses the basic and clinical perspectives of angiogenesis highlighting the importance of comparative biology in understanding tumor angiogenesis and the integration of these model systems for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Benazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4
| | - C. H. Chau
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - W. D. Figg
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. T. de Oliveira
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Gärtner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4200-456 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Amorim I, Carvalho J, Rema A, Taulescu M, Saraiva A, Faustino A, Reis C, Oliveira C, Gärtner F. E-cadherin Dysfunction in Canine Gastric Cancer. J Comp Pathol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Peña L, Gama A, Goldschmidt MH, Abadie J, Benazzi C, Castagnaro M, Díez L, Gärtner F, Hellmén E, Kiupel M, Millán Y, Miller MA, Nguyen F, Poli A, Sarli G, Zappulli V, de las Mulas JM. Canine mammary tumors: a review and consensus of standard guidelines on epithelial and myoepithelial phenotype markers, HER2, and hormone receptor assessment using immunohistochemistry. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:127-45. [PMID: 24227007 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813509388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been several studies on the use of immunohistochemical biomarkers of canine mammary tumors (CMTs), the results are difficult to compare. This article provides guidelines on the most useful immunohistochemical markers to standardize their use and understand how outcomes are measured, thus ensuring reproducibility of results. We have reviewed the biomarkers of canine mammary epithelial and myoepithelial cells and identified those biomarkers that are most useful and those biomarkers for invasion and lymph node micrometastatic disease. A 10% threshold for positive reaction for most of these markers is recommended. Guidelines on immunolabeling for HER2, estrogen receptors (ERs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) are provided along with the specific recommendations for interpretation of the results for each of these biomarkers in CMTs. Only 3+ HER2-positive tumors should be considered positive, as found in human breast cancer. The lack of any known response to adjuvant endocrine therapy of ER- and PR-positive CMTs prevents the use of the biological positive/negative threshold used in human breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry results of ER and PR in CMTs should be reported as the sum of the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of immunolabeling (Allred score). Incorporation of these recommendations in future studies, either prospective or retrospective, will provide a mechanism for the direct comparison of studies and will help to determine whether these biomarkers have prognostic significance. Finally, these biomarkers may ascertain the most appropriate treatment(s) for canine malignant mammary neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Carretera de la Coruña s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Taulescu MA, Valentine BA, Amorim I, Gärtner F, Dumitraşcu DL, Gal AF, Sevastre B, Catoi C. Histopathological features of canine spontaneous non-neoplastic gastric polyps - a retrospective study of 15 cases. Histol Histopathol 2013; 29:65-75. [PMID: 23821543 DOI: 10.14670/hh-29.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen cases of canine gastric polyps, collected over a 4-year period, were investigated using gross inspection, histological procedures and immunohistochemical techniques for Helicobacter infection. No breed or sex predisposition was found for gastric polyps, although they occurred mainly in elderly animals. There were 9 pedunculated and 6 sessile polypoid growths, between 5 to 30 mm in diameter developed mainly in the pyloric region of the stomach. The most common type of gastric polyps was the hyperplastic one. The inflammatory type was identified in three cases. Foci of AB/PAS Goblet positive cells resembling intestinal metaplasia, mild dysplasia of gastric epithelium, well delimited calcified areas, islands of osteoid matrix and nematodes were present in some of these lesions. Histological examination of the adjacent gastric polyp (surrounding gastric mucosa) revealed a severe chronic inflammation in 13 cases and a high grade of Helicobacter species colonization in all cases, but Kendall test analysis showed no correlation between Helicobacter spp. colonization degree and gastritis scores (τ = 0289; p = 0.204). A significant correlation was found between Helicobacter spp. location and gastritis scores (τ = 0.497; p = 0.035). Immunohistochemistry performed with a polyclonal antibody confirmed Helicobacter spp. infection in all cases. Based on their morphology, Helicobacter pylori - like organisms were described in 3 of 15 cases. No high degree of dysplasia nor neoplasia were identified in these lesions. The etiology and pathogenesis of gastric polyps in dogs are still unknown, although a severe chronic antral gastritis may be a predisposing condition for development of gastric polyps in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Taulescu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - B A Valentine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - I Amorim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Carcinogenesis, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Gärtner
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, and Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Carcinogenesis, Porto, Portugal
| | - D L Dumitraşcu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Medical Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A F Gal
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - B Sevastre
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Catoi
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Marques O, Canadas A, Rêma A, Faria F, Simão J, Gärtner F, Martins da Silva B, Porto G, Lopes C. Hepcidin Expression in Canine and Feline Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saraiva A, Gärtner F, Payan-Carreira R, Rema A, Lourenço L, Pires M. Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Feline Endometrial Adenocarcinomas: A Preliminary Study. J Comp Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Abstract
ABSTRACTIn the solidification of Fe-Ni droplets (≤ 30 at.% Ni), the selection of different microstructures is dominated by the competition between the bcc and ccp phases. In drop-tube experiments ccp is the primary phase in some dilute (up to 7at% Ni) alloys although the bcc phase is favoured by a lower free energy and by a lower interfacial energy with the liquid. Competitive dendrite growth is a possible explanation for the formation of primary ccp. Comprehensive thermodynamic (CALPHAD) and kinetic modelling is undertaken to understand the growth competition. The origin of the observed primary phases is discussed.
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19
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Gärtner F, Cakar H, Bohms B, Kassner A, Gummert J, Milting H. Regulation of endothelin receptors A and B in the failing myocard during mechanical unloading. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Klopfleisch R, von Euler H, Sarli G, Pinho SS, Gärtner F, Gruber AD. Molecular carcinogenesis of canine mammary tumors: news from an old disease. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:98-116. [PMID: 21149845 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810390826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on the molecular basis of canine mammary tumors (CMT) have long been hampered by limited numbers of molecular tools specific to the canine species. The lack of molecular information for CMT has impeded the identification of clinically relevant tumor markers beyond histopathology and the introduction of new therapeutic concepts. Additionally, the potential use for the dog as a model for human breast cancer is debatable until questions are answered regarding cellular origin, mechanisms, and cellular pathways. During the past years, increasing numbers of canine molecular tools have been developed on the genomic, RNA, and protein levels, and an increasing number of studies have shed light on specific aspects of canine carcinogenesis, particularly of the mammary gland. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular carcinogenesis of CMT, including the role of specific oncogenes, tumor suppressors, regulators of apoptosis and DNA repair, proliferation indices, adhesion molecules, circulating tumor cells, and mediators of angiogenesis in CMT progression and clinical behavior. Whereas the data available are far from complete, knowledge of molecular pathways has a significant potential to complement and refine the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this tumor type. Furthermore, current data show that significant similarities and differences exist between canine and human mammary tumors at the molecular level. Clearly, this is only the beginning of an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CMT and their application in clinical patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, reie Universität Berlin, Robert von Ostertag Str 15, D-14163 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Barreira da Costa A, Kohn B, Oliveira J, Gärtner F, Gruber A, Klopfleisch R. Genetic Markers for the Detection of Circulating Tumour Cells in Dogs with Metastatic Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Rodrigues MMP, Rema A, Gärtner F, Soares FA, Rogatto SR, De Mour VMBD, Laufer-Amorim R. Overexpression of vimentin in canine prostatic carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:308-11. [PMID: 20961558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine prostatic tumours exhibit similarities to those of man and may represent a useful model system to explore the mechanisms of cancer progression. Tumour progression to malignancy requires a change from an epithelial phenotype to a fibroblastic or mesenchymal phenotype. Vimentin expression is associated with the invasive phenotype of human prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to characterize immunohistochemically the expression of vimentin by canine prostatic carcinomas. Primary carcinomas and metastatic tumour foci both showed vimentin expression. This finding suggests that the acquisition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in canine prostatic carcinoma may be characterized by the presence of mesenchymal intermediate filament (vimentin) that could lead to a higher likelihood of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M P Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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23
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Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira JP, Saraiva AL, Seixas F, Faria F, Gärtner F, Pires MA, Lopes C. Immunohistochemical Characterization of 13 Canine Renal Cell Carcinomas. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:427-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810381909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are uncommon aggressive tumors that occur mainly in middle-aged male dogs. Their histologic classification bears no relationship with prognosis, and little information is available concerning their immunohistochemical properties. In this retrospective study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 13 canine RCCs were retrieved from the archives, classified histologically, and evaluated immunohistochemically. The dogs were 7 males and 6 females (1 spayed) of 10 different breeds, averaging 8 years in age. The tumors were classified as papillary, tubulopapillary, papillary–cystic, solid, or sarcomatoid. All 13 tumors were immunohistochemically positive for uromodulin, 12 for c-KIT, 11 for vimentin, 9 for wide-spectrum-screening cytokeratins, 7 for cytokeratins AE1/AE3 and carcinoembryonic antigen, 4 for cytokeratins CAM 5.2, and 3 for CD10. All 3 solid RCCs expressed vimentin, c-KIT, and carcinoembryonic antigen and were negative for cytokeratins. All 7 papillary and tubulopapillary tumors expressed vimentin; 6 (86%), cytokeratins; and 6 (86%), c-KIT. Both papillary–cystic RCCs were positive for cytokeratins and c-KIT and negative for vimentin. These results indicate that the different histologic types of RCC have characteristic immunohistochemical profiles and that c-KIT may be involved in the pathogenesis of canine RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Gil da Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J. P. Oliveira
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A. L. Saraiva
- Gram Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica Veterinária, Maia, Portugal
| | - F. Seixas
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F. Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F. Gärtner
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M. A. Pires
- CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C. Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Chevalier N, Solari ML, Becker H, Pantic M, Gärtner F, Maul-Pavicic A, Hübner J, Wäsch R, Schmitt-Gräff A, Lübbert M. Robust in vivo differentiation of t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukemia blasts to neutrophilic granulocytes induced by treatment with dasatinib. Leukemia 2010; 24:1779-81. [PMID: 20811401 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Dias Pereira P, Lopes C, Matos A, Cortez P, Gärtner F, Medeiros R, Lopes C. Caveolin-1 in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Canine Mammary Tumours: Comparison of Evaluation Systems. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Gomes J, Michel V, Magalhães A, Ovesen R, Hansen H, Gärtner F, Touati E, Reis C. 881 Effect of Pteridium aquilinum in gastric epithelial cells: potential synergistic effect with Helicobacter pylori infection. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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27
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de Oliveira J, Matos A, Lopes C, Hespanhol V, Bernardes E, Gärtner F. CD43 Expression in Canine Malignant Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Parmar S, Seeringer A, Pitterle K, Denich D, Gärtner F, Lebedeva E, Kirchheiner J. 9243 Ex vivo assessment of variability in cytarabine cytotoxicity: influence of transport genetics. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)71934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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29
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Strehle H, Gärtner F. Das Tomogramm im axialen, kranio-basalen Strahlengang zur Darstellung morphologischer Besonderheiten der Kiefergelenkköpfchen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1229130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Pereira PD, Lopes CC, Matos AJF, Pinto D, Gärtner F, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Influence of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Genotypes on the Prognosis of Canine Mammary Tumors. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:1270-4. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0298-d-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme involved in inactivation of catechol estrogens, which are metabolites with carcinogenic properties. Some investigations in human breast cancer associate a genetic polymorphism in the COMT gene (COMT val158met) with an increased risk and poor clinical progression of the disease. In dogs, there are 2 recognized single nucleotide polymorphisms in the COMT gene (COMTG216A and COMTG482A); however, their influence on the outcome of mammary neoplasms has never been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of COMT in the clinical progression of canine mammary tumors, namely in recurrence, metastasis and survival by testing 2 SNPs (G216A and G482A), and 2 genotypes of the COMT gene. A case series was conducted analyzing genomic DNA samples by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism from 80 bitches with mammary tumors. Animals were submitted to an active follow-up study for a period of 24 months after surgery. We observed that bitches carrying both genetic variations simultaneously are more likely to develop recurrence of mammary lesions. Our results demonstrate a possible role for COMT genotypes in the outcome of mammary neoplasms in the dog. Identifying a genetic factor predictive of recurrence may be useful in selecting the most effective surgical approach for canine mammary neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto
| | - C. C. Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto
| | - A. J. F. Matos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto
| | - D. Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, EPE (IPOP-FG)
| | - F. Gärtner
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular (IPATIMUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C. Lopes
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, EPE (IPOP-FG)
| | - R. Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, EPE (IPOP-FG)
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31
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Gama A, Gärtner F, Alves A, Schmitt F. Immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tissues. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:432-7. [PMID: 19464036 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in human breast cancer; however, systematic studies of EGFR protein expression in canine mammary gland tumours are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated its immunohistochemical expression in a series of 136 canine mammary tumours and representative areas of adjacent normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and investigated a possible correlation between EGFR overexpression and several clinicopathological parameters and survival. In normal and hyperplastic canine mammary glands, EGFR expression was consistently observed in myoepithelial cells, with luminal cells usually negative. In tumour tissues, EGFR overexpression was found in 9 benign (19.6%) and 38 malignant (42.2%) lesions, with EGFR positivity significantly related with malignancy. Besides animal age and tumour size, there were no significant associations between other clinicopathological parameters and EGFR overexpression. On survival analysis, tumours with EGFR overexpression showed a reduced disease-free and overall survival; however these associations failed to reach statistically significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gama
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-811 Vila Real, Portugal
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32
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Dias Pereira P, Lopes C, Matos A, Santos M, Gärtner F, Medeiros R, Lopes C. COX-2 Expression in Canine Normal and Neoplastic Mammary Gland. J Comp Pathol 2009; 140:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Saraiva AL, Gärtner F, Pires MA. Expression of p63 normal canine skin and primary cutaneous glandular carcinomas. Vet J 2008; 177:136-40. [PMID: 17804265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p63, a recently identified homologue of the p53 protein, is expressed consistently in basal cells of several human multilayered epithelia. In this study, expression of p63 was determined in 31 primary cutaneous glandular carcinomas, including sebaceous, perianal (hepatoid) gland, apocrine and ceruminous carcinomas, as well as their adjacent normal skin. Similar to humans, p63 is a reliable marker for basal and myoepithelial cells in canine epidermis, cutaneous appendages and malignant apocrine and ceruminous gland neoplasms. In sebaceous carcinomas, not only basal cells, but also some sebocytes, showed nuclear staining for p63. Most mature epithelial cells in perianal gland carcinomas exhibited strong p63 expression. Based on these findings, basal/myoepithelial cells could be involved in the oncogenesis of these tumours and p63 might be used as a diagnostic marker in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Saraiva
- Veterinary Sciences Department, Centre of Animal and Veterinary Sciences (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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34
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Dias Pereira P, Lopes CC, Matos AJF, Pinto D, Gärtner F, Lopes C, Medeiros R. Estrogens metabolism associated with polymorphisms: influence of COMT G482a genotype on age at onset of canine mammary tumors. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:124-30. [PMID: 18424824 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-2-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme participating in inactivation of carcinogenic oestrogen metabolites. In humans there is a single nucleotide polymorphism in COMT gene (COMT val158met) that has been associated with an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In dogs, there is a single nucleotide polymorphism in COMT gene (G482A), but its relation with mammary carcinogenesis has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to focus on the evaluation of such polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of mammary tumors in bitches and on the analysis of its relationship with some clinicopathologic features (dog's age and weight, number and histologic type of the lesions, lymph node metastasis) of canine mammary neoplasms. A case-control study was conducted analyzing 90 bitches with mammary tumors and 84 bitches without evidence of neoplastic disease. The COMT G482A polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. We found a protective effect of the polymorphism in age of onset of mammary tumors, although we could not establish a significant association between COMT genotype and other clinicopathologic parameters nor with mammary tumor risk overall. Animals carrying the variant allele have a threefold likelihood of developing mammary tumors after 9 years of age in comparison with noncarriers. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed significant differences in the waiting time for onset of malignant disease for A allele carrier (12.46 years) and noncarrier (11.13 years) animals. This investigation constitutes the first case-control study designed to assess the relationship between polymorphic genes and mammary tumor risk in dogs. Our results point to the combined effect of COMT genotype with other genetic and/or environmental risk factors as important key factors for mammary tumor etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Largo Prof Abel Salazar no. 2, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- A J F Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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36
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Gil da Costa RM, Rema A, Payo-Puente P, Gärtner F. Immunohistochemical characterization of a sebaceous gland carcinoma in a gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). J Comp Pathol 2007; 137:130-2. [PMID: 17645891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a common tumour in male gerbils but, to date, no information is available on its immunohistochemical properties. This report describes the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of such a tumour from a 4.5-year-old male gerbil. The tumour immunoreactivity profile was studied in respect of p53 protein, CEA, EMA, c-erbB-2, cytokeratin (CK) 14 and the CKs detected by AE1/AE3 antibodies (i.e. high molecular weight CKs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14, 15 and 16, and low molecular weight CKs 7, 8 and 19). The differences observed in p53 and c-erbB-2 immunolabelling between carcinomatous and hyperplastic areas suggest that p53 mutations and amplification of c-erbB-2 may play a significant role in the oncogenesis of sebaceous gland carcinoma in the gerbil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gil da Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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37
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Matos AJF, Faustino AMR, Lopes C, Rutteman GR, Gärtner F. Detection of lymph node micrometastases in malignant mammary tumours in dogs by cytokeratin immunostaining. Vet Rec 2006; 158:626-30. [PMID: 16679481 DOI: 10.1136/vr.158.18.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of 131 local and regional lymph nodes from 40 dogs with malignant mammary tumours were evaluated by staining with haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically for antibodies to pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin 14. The immunohistochemical tests detected occult micrometastases in 9.2 per cent of the lymph nodes that were negative by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Under the modified TNM classification of canine mammary tumours, these results raised the clinical stage of 12.5 per cent of the affected dogs. However, if the latest TNM classification of human breast cancer had been applied, none of the animals would have been reclassified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J F Matos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
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38
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Matos AJF, Lopes C, Carvalheira J, Santos M, Rutteman GR, Gärtner F. E-cadherin expression in canine malignant mammary tumours: relationship to other clinico-pathological variables. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:182-9. [PMID: 16545841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between E-cadherin epithelial expression, as detected by immunohistochemical methods, and other clinico-pathological characteristics of canine malignant mammary tumours was studied in 77 tumours surgically removed from 45 female dogs. The immunohistochemical assessment was based on the estimated percentage of epithelial cells with membranous labelling. Reduction of E-cadherin expression was significantly related to size and ulceration of tumours but not to fixation to skin or underlying tissue; it was also related to lymph node metastasis, necrosis and infiltrative growth. Histological type (but not histological grade) was related to E-cadherin expression, with solid tumours more frequently lacking expression and tubulopapillary tumours showing increased expression as compared with the other types. The significant relationship between E-cadherin and other known factors of poor prognosis suggests that the loss of E-cadherin expression may have prognostic value in canine malignant mammary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J F Matos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
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39
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Dias Pereira P, Carvalheira J, Gärtner F. Cell proliferation in feline normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic mammary tissue – an immunohistochemical study. Vet J 2004; 168:180-5. [PMID: 15301767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a proliferation cell marker in neoplastic and non-neoplastic mammary tissue in 31 cats was assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples using a monoclonal antibody against nuclear antigen Ki-67 (MIB-1). The results revealed that cell proliferation was more intense in hyperplastic than in normal mammary tissue. Carcinomas exhibited a higher MIB-1 index than benign tumours. There was also a positive correlation between proliferative activity and the histological grade of carcinomas. Fibroadenomatous change, which is considered to be hyperplastic and associated with favourable biological behaviour, exhibited high proliferative activity involving both epithelial and mesenchymal components. MIB-1 detected in formalin-fixed material with pre-treatment with antigen retrieval solution appeared to be a reliable marker of proliferation in feline mammary tumours, but further studies are needed to investigate the value of this proliferation marker in predicting clinical outcome and/or as a prognostic factor in feline mammary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dias Pereira
- ICBAS--Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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40
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Soares R, Balogh G, Guo S, Gärtner F, Russo J, Schmitt F. Evidence for the notch signaling pathway on the role of estrogen in angiogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18:2333-43. [PMID: 15192074 DOI: 10.1210/me.2003-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in 17 beta-estradiol-induced angiogenic pathway. We show here that 17 beta-estradiol promoted a 6-fold increase in Jagged1 expression and an 8-fold increase in Notch1 expression by cDNA arrays in breast cancer MCF7 cells. Interestingly, Jagged1 was abrogated by incubation with the estrogen antagonist, ICI182,780. A similar up-regulation of both Notch1 receptor and Jagged1 ligand was found in endothelial cells. Additionally, imperfect estrogen-responsive elements were found in the 5' untranslated region of Notch1 and Jagged1 genes. Treatment with 17 beta-estradiol also led to an activation of Notch signaling in MCF7 cells expressing Notch1 reporter gene or by promoting Jagged1-induced Notch signaling in coculture assays. Inoculation of MCF7 cells in 17 beta-estradiol-treated nude mice resulted in up-regulation of Notch1 expression as well as increased number of tumor microvessels in comparison to placebo-treated mice. Notch1-expressing endothelial cell cultures formed cord-like structures on Matrigel in contrast to cells expressing a dominant-negative form of Notch1, emphasizing the relevance of Notch1 pathway in vessel assembly. Finally, Notch1-expressing MCF7 cells up-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha gene, a well-known angiogenic factor that clustered with Notch1 gene. This study implicates Notch signaling in the cross talk between 17 beta-estradiol and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soares
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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Reis-Filho JS, Ricardo S, Gärtner F, Schmitt FC. Bilateral Gonadoblastomas in a Dog with Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis. J Comp Pathol 2004; 130:229-33. [PMID: 15003485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2002] [Accepted: 09/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gonadoblastomas are rare mixed germ cell neoplasms, which are frequently diagnosed in testes excised for other reasons. In human patients these tumours are usually associated with undescended testes or dysgenetic gonads. This report describes a 10-year-old male dog with mixed gonadal dysgenesis ("streak testis" on the right side and testis on the left side) and bilateral gonadoblastomas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an atypical and mitotically active germ cell population which co-expressed placental alkaline phosphatase and c-kit oncogene, admixed with inhibin- and S-100 protein-positive sex cord cells. The findings were generally consistent with previous reports of the dual population of neoplastic cells in gonadoblastomas affecting human patients, and closely resembled the findings in the only other case reported in dogs. Moreover, the findings further support the proposal that gonadoblastomas should be considered a special form of in-situ germ cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Reis-Filho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
This paper describes an immunohistochemical study of the expression of E-cadherin in four samples of normal, eight samples of hyperplastic and 19 samples of neoplastic feline mammary tissue. In the normal tissues, the luminal epithelial cells showed a strong pattern of staining for E-cadherin at the cell-cell boundaries, whereas the myoepithelium showed no immunoreactivity. In the hyperplastic tissues and the five benign neoplasms, there were disturbances in the expression of E-cadherin in the luminal epithelium, in the form of the coexistence of membranous and cytoplasmic staining, together with immunoreactivity in a small percentage of myoepithelial cells. In 11 of 14 carcinomas, there was a reduction or absence of E-cadherin expression and abnormalities in the pattern of immunostaining; these changes were more pronounced in cribriform and solid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dias Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Reis-Filho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
To investigate the possible role of E-cadherin in canine mammary tumours 20 benign and 40 malignant tumours were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded samples. In all the benign tumours, E-cadherin was strongly expressed at the intercellular borders of epithelial cells, but it was less strongly expressed in 17 (43 per cent) of the malignant tumours. Furthermore, poorly differentiated carcinomas were less immunoreactive for E-cadherin than moderately and well differentiated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Largo Prof Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
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Cassali G, Gärtner F, Schmitt F. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the canine mammary gland: histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352002000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the morphological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of mammary gland pleomorphic lobular carcinoma occurring in the canine species. Histologically, it was characterized by the presence of tumor cells loosely dispersed in the stroma or arranged in a linear pattern showing relatively abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with an eccentric nuclei. These morphological features, characteristic of pleomorphic mammary gland lobular carcinoma in woman, were not previously described in dogs.
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Abstract
This report describes the morphological and immunohistochemical findings of two cases of breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma occurring in dogs. Histologically, the tumors are characterized by the presence of numerous irregular cystic formations filled out with nests of epithelial cells that exhibit a micropapillary pattern. These morphological features are characteristic of invasive micropapillary carcinoma in woman, a breast tumor not previously described in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gärtner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dias Pereira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
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Carvalho B, van der Veen A, Gärtner F, Carneiro F, Seruca R, Buys CH, Kok K. Allelic gains and losses in distinct regions of chromosome 6 in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 131:54-9. [PMID: 11734319 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In gastric cancer, alterations in the long arm of chromosome 6 are a frequent event. Two regions of heterozygous loss have been described: 6q16.3-6q23 and 6q26-6q27. We have evaluated by microsatellite and FISH analyses the 6q status of three cell lines that we established from primary gastric carcinomas xenografted in nude mice, in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of 6q alterations. Alterations of the long arm of chromosome 6 were found in all three xenografts and corresponding cell lines. Allelic imbalance (AI) was found in the three cases, by microsatellite analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses clearly demonstrated a duplication of the larger part of the 6q arm in all three cell lines. Two of the cell lines and the corresponding xenografts showed, in addition, complete loss of one of the parental alleles at the terminal part of 6q. Thus, the AI observed along the long arm of chromosome 6 is represented by gain of alleles in one distinct chromosomal segment and loss of alleles in another distinct segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Carvalho
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Cassali G, Silva P, Rêma A, Gärtner F, Gobbi H, Tafuri W, Schmitt F. A new methodology for the improvement of diagnostic immunohistochemistry in canine veterinary pathology: automated system using human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352001000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe their experience with an automated immunohistochemical system applied to canine tissue samples. Twenty human cellular markers specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and two different antigen retrieval methods were used in normal and neoplastic breast tissue, as well as skin samples obtained from female dogs of pure and mixed breeds. The antibodies tested were the most frequently used in human and veterinary medicine studies, employed with diagnostic purposes in breast pathology, as well as in cancer research. Most of them may be used to study other normal and abnormal tissues and included cytokeratins, progesterone receptor, c-erbB2, p53, MIB-1, PCNA, EMA, vimentin, desmin, alpha-actin, S-100, pan-cadherin, and E-cadherin. The results demonstrated that using an automated staining system it is possible to use different human markers in veterinary pathology. The advantages of automated immunohistochemistry are improved quality, reproducibility, speed, and standardisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Rêma
- Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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