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Zarfoss MK, Klauss G, Newkirk K, Kiupel M, Jones Y, Colitz CMH, Dubielzig RR. Uveal Spindle Cell Tumor of Blue-Eyed Dogs: An Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:276-84. [PMID: 17491068 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-3-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the origin of a spindle cell tumor in the anterior uveal tract of dogs and the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the development of this tumor. Thirteen tumors were identified from the 4,007 canine ocular samples examined at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin between 1978 and 2005. Siberian Husky and Siberian Husky mix dogs were overrepresented (10/13 dogs, overall median age 10 years). Light microscopic evaluation (all dogs) and electron microscopy (2 dogs) were performed. Immunohistochemical staining included alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin, S-100, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Melan A, microphthalmic transcription factor (MITF-1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), laminin, gadd45, p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), anti-UVssDNA (antibody for detection of (6–4)-dipyrimidine photoproducts), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). All tumors occurred in the iris with or without ciliary body involvement and were composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicles and whorls (variable Antoni A and B behavior). All tumors were positive when immunostained for vimentin and S-100. Nine of 13 tumors exhibited GFAP immunopositivity. All tumors were negative for SMA, desmin, Melan A, and MITF-1. Tumors were variably positive for PGP 9.5, laminin, gadd45, p53, PCNA, anti-UVssDNA, and TERT. Electron microscopy revealed intermittent basal laminae between cells. These tumors are morphologically and immunohistochemically most consistent with schwannoma. The relationship between spindle cell tumors of the anterior uvea of dogs, altered neural crest, blue iris color, and ultraviolet radiation has not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Zarfoss
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Cabibi D, Aragona F, Cucinella G, Tiberio C, Calagna G, Perino A. Cellular schwannoma of the retroperitoneum with cystic degeneration, mimicking an ovarian cyst, with CKAE1/AE3 and desmin expression. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:423. [PMID: 25180931 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.951607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Cabibi
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital 'Paolo Giaccone' , Palermo , Italy
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Hirose T, Ishizawa K, Sakaki M, Fujii Y. Retroperitoneal schwannoma is characterized by a high incidence of cellular type and GFAP-immunoreactivity. Pathol Int 2012; 62:456-62. [PMID: 22726065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2012.02822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of retroperitoneal schwannomas, which are sometimes confused with other spindle cell tumors, 27 cases were studied microscopically and immunohistochemically. The 27 cases consisted of 17 females and 10 males, the ages of whom ranged from 31-79 (mean 57.4) years. Gross examination revealed well-demarcated, encapsulated tumors, 3-15 cm (mean 8 cm) in diameter. Microscopic review divided them into 13 cases of cellular/fascicular, 3 of conventional, 6 of intermediate, and 5 of ancient type. Cellular/fascicular schwannomas were composed of cellular fascicles of spindle cells, in which nuclear palisading, Antoni B area and cyst were unclear, while numerous foamy cells were intermingled. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed diffuse, strong positivity for S-100 protein and Sox10 in all tumors studied. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was extensively expressed in 92% of the cellular/fascicular type, while it was less prominent in others. The present study suggests that retroperitoneal schwannoma often occurs in the middle-aged woman, grows to a large size, exhibits cellular/fascicular microscopic features in half of the cases, and may arise from GFAP-positive Schwann cells. The presence of hyalinized vessels and dense infiltration of foamy macrophages as well as diffuse immunoreactivity for S-100 protein and Sox10 are helpful for the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Hirose
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Kuramoto 1-10-3, Tokushima 770-8539, Japan.
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Usami Y, Takenobu T, Kurihara R, Imai Y, Shinohara S, Fukuda Y, Toyosawa S. Neural hyperplasia in maxillary bone of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hughes PM, Anthony DC, Ruddin M, Botham MS, Rankine EL, Sablone M, Baumann D, Mir AK, Perry VH. Focal Lesions in the Rat Central Nervous System Induced by Endothelin-1. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003; 62:1276-86. [PMID: 14692703 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/62.12.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon injury following cerebral ischemia has received little scientific attention compared to the abundance of information dealing with the pathophysiology of grey matter ischemia. There are differences in the initial response of grey and white matter to ischemia in vitro. In this study we investigate whether the vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1, can generate a focal ischemic lesion in the white matter and compare the findings with endothelin-1-induced lesions in the grey matter. Using a minimally invasive technique to microinject endothelin-1 into selected brain regions, we observed an acute reduction in local MRI perfusion in the injected hemisphere after 1 hour. Twenty-four hours after microinjection of 10 pmoles of endothelin-1, we observed a loss of neurons in the grey matter. At 72 hours, neutrophils were absent and a macrophage/microglia response and astrocyte gliosis were detected. No breakdown in the blood-brain barrier was detected. After injection of 10 pmoles endothelin-1 into the cortical white matter, we observed prolific amyloid precursor protein-positive immunostaining (indicative of axonal disruption) and an increase in tau-1 immunostaining in oligodendrocytes at 6 hours. Similar to the grey matter lesions, no neutrophils were present, a macrophage/microglia response did not occur until 72 hours and there was no disruption in the blood-brain barrier. Focal injections of endothelin-1 into specific areas of the rat CNS represent a model to investigate therapeutic approaches to white matter ischemia.
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Taus NS, Mitchell WJ. The transgenic ICP4 promoter is activated in Schwann cells in trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 2001; 75:10401-8. [PMID: 11581408 PMCID: PMC114614 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.21.10401-10408.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection in neurons of sensory ganglia, including those of the trigeminal ganglia. Latent viral infection has been hypothesized to be regulated by restriction of viral immediate-early gene expression in neurons. Numerous in situ hybridization studies in mice and in humans have shown that transcription from the HSV-1 genome in latently infected neurons is limited to the latency-associated transcripts. In other studies, immediate-early gene (ICP4) transcripts have been detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in homogenates of latently infected trigeminal ganglia of mice. We used reporter transgenic mice containing the HSV-1(F) ICP4 promoter fused to the coding sequence of the beta-galactosidase gene to determine whether neurons in latently infected trigeminal ganglia activated the ICP4 promoter. Mice were inoculated via the corneal route with HSV-1(F). At 5, 11, 23, and 37 days postinfection (dpi), trigeminal ganglia were examined for beta-galactosidase-positive cells. The numbers of beta-galactosidase-positive neurons and nonneuronal cells were similar at 5 dpi. The number of positive neurons decreased at 11 dpi and returned to the level of mock-inoculated transgenic controls at 23 and 37 dpi. The number of positive nonneuronal cells increased at 11 and 23 dpi and remained elevated at 37 dpi. Viral proteins were detected in neurons and nonneuronal cells in acutely infected ganglia, but were not detected in latently infected ganglia. Colabeling experiments confirmed that the transgenic ICP4 promoter was activated in Schwann cells during latent infection. These findings suggest that the cells that express the HSV-1 ICP4 gene in latently infected ganglia are not neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Taus
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Martín de las Mulas J, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Carrasco L, van Niel M, Fernández A. Immunohistochemical distribution pattern of intermediate filament proteins in 50 feline neoplasms. Vet Pathol 1995; 32:692-701. [PMID: 8592805 DOI: 10.1177/030098589503200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight epithelial and 22 nonepithelial feline tumors were studied immunohistochemically. Epithelial tumors were 10 squamous cell carcinomas, two basal cell tumors, two sebaceous gland carcinomas, three apocrine gland carcinomas, three thyroid papillary carcinomas, one thyroid solid carcinoma, one renal clear cell carcinoma, one renal papillary carcinoma, one endometrial carcinoma, and four lung bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Nonepithelial tumors were 10 fibrosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma, one rhabdomyosarcoma, one hemangiosarcoma, two mast cell tumors, one osteosarcoma, three melanomas, and two lymphomas. Commercially available antibodies directed against high- and low-molecular-weight keratins (keratin, RCK-102, NCL-5D3), vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament intermediate filament (IF) proteins were used in the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples. All epithelial tumors except the endometrial carcinoma expressed some type of keratin protein. Squamous cell carcinomas expressed high-molecular-weight keratins exclusively. Coexpression of high- and low-molecular-weight keratins was observed in one basal cell tumor, sebaceous and apocrine adenocarcinomas, and thyroid, renal, and lung carcinomas. In addition to keratins, vimentin immunoreactivity was found in all basal cell tumors, all sebaceous gland, thyroid papillary, renal, and lung adenocarcinomas, and one of the apocrine gland adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivity with GFAP antibody was found in one basal cell tumor and one sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma. The endometrial carcinoma did not react with any of the antibodies applied. Nonepithelial tumors analyzed expressed either vimentin (fibrosarcomas, liposarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumors, osteosarcomas, melanomas) or vimentin and desmin (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, one fibrosarcoma) IF proteins exclusively. Lymphomas did not react with any of the antibodies employed. These findings indicate that IF proteins antibodies can be included in diagnostic panels of antibodies for immunocharacterization of feline tumors. In addition, they can be used as a basis for the diagnoses of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated feline neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martín de las Mulas
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Spain
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8
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Condorelli DF, Nicoletti VG, Barresi V, Caruso A, Conticello S, de Vellis J, Giuffrida Stella AM. Tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns of the rat glial fibrillary acidic protein gene. J Neurosci Res 1994; 39:694-707. [PMID: 7897704 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490390610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein, specific of the cytoskeleton of astrocytes in the central nervous system. In the present work, as a preliminary step to the study of glial-specific gene expression, we cloned the rat GFAP gene, and we report the sequence of 1.9 kb of the 5' flanking region, exon 1, and the majority of the first intron. By digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes followed by Southern blot analysis, the methylation status of various CpG sites was examined in this genomic segment. We tested whether structural modification of the GFAP gene, such as DNA methylation, could be related to its tissue-specific transcriptional activity. Therefore, we compared a GFAP-expressing cell population (primary culture of astroglial cells), a mixed population of GFAP-expressing and -nonexpressing cells (adult rat cerebral hemispheres), and a GFAP-nonexpressing tissue (liver). In the 5' flanking region we identified a CpG site at position -1176 whose level of methylation is inversely correlated to GFAP expression. In primary cultured astrocytes, 75% of the GFAP gene alleles were demethylated at this site, while the corresponding value obtained for the cerebral hemispheres was 45%, and for liver only 9%. On the basis of the sequence data, a CpG-rich region (putative CpG island) was identified extending from -38 to +347 and overlapping 80% of the first exon. HhaI and HpaII sites located in the putative CpG island showed a relatively high level of methylation in all the cell populations examined, and did not show any clear correlation with the level of GFAP gene expression or with the methylation status of the -1176 site. Further in vivo developmental studies and in vitro differentiation studies are necessary to better understand the functional differences of the various methylatable CpG sites in the 5' end of the GFAP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Condorelli
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
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9
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Turusov VS, Cabral JP. S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in experimentally induced and spontaneous tumours of peripheral nerves in BDVI rats. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical study. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1994; 46:343-53. [PMID: 7894246 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced and 24 spontaneous tumours of peripheral nerves as well as 28 spontaneous mesenchymal tumours in BDVI rats were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemically for the presence of S-100 protein (S-100). Early ENU-induced schwannomas*) representing the thickenings of nerves showed weak or negative S-100 immunoreactivity. S-100 positivity (both in the cytoplasm and nucleus) was observed in all large ENU-induced tumours found in animals dying or killed at advanced age. Immunostaining was present in both cystic and solid areas of schwannomas. S-100 positivity was found in 20 of 24 spontaneous schwannomas: 14 of 20 positive tumours contained cysts. Twenty-seven schwannomas (12 ENU-induced and 15 spontaneous) were studied for the presence of glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP) and 13 were positive (7 had cystic areas). GFAP-positivity was relatively high in 4 tumours (3 ENU-induced and 1 spontaneous); these tumours also showed intense S-100 reactivity. Immunoreactivity for S-100 occurred more frequently and was much more intense than that for GFAP. The incidence of spontaneous peripheral nerve tumours in BDVI males reached 4%, cystic schwannomas being the most frequent type. All spontaneous mesenchymal tumours except lipoma (S-100 positive) were negative for S-100 protein and for GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Turusov
- Cancer Research Centre, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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10
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Martín de las Mulas J, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Carrasco L, Sierra MA, Vos JH. Immunohistochemical distribution of vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament proteins in feline tissues. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1994; 41:1-15. [PMID: 8085393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1994.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical distribution pattern of vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilaments intermediate filament proteins has been analyzed in a wide range of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against non-feline antigens. The vimentin antibody reacted with mesenchymal cells, the desmin antibody with striated and smooth muscle fibres, the glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody with glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, and the neurofilament proteins antibody with neuronal cell bodies and processes. In addition, some epithelial cells were vimentin positive, perisinusoidal liver cells were desmin positive, and basal/myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, and luteinic cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein positive. These staining patterns of feline tissues are basically similar with respect to that of corresponding tissues in other mammalian species for each of the four intermediate filament proteins studied, but some differences have been also noticed. This study confirms the broad interspecies cross-reactivity of intermediate filament proteins antisera and demonstrates their capability to differentiate particular types of feline cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martín de las Mulas
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba, Spain
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11
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Feinstein DL, Weinmaster GA, Milner RJ. Isolation of cDNA clones encoding rat glial fibrillary acidic protein: expression in astrocytes and in Schwann cells. J Neurosci Res 1992; 32:1-14. [PMID: 1629938 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490320102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) has been extensively characterized but the molecular identity of related molecules in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) remains unclear. To examine possible structural differences between CNS and PNS GFAP, we have isolated cDNA clones for rat GFAP from both cultured astrocyte and Schwann cell libraries. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the PNS and CNS GFAP clones contained identical coding regions, with a predicted protein product of 430 amino acids. However, the 5'-untranslated region of clone rGFA15, isolated from the Schwann cell library, was longer than that predicted for brain-derived GFAP mRNA. Primer extension analysis of RNA isolated from the RT4-D6 Schwann cell line indicated that the start site for PNS GFAP mRNA lies 169 bases upstream from that used in the CNS. In addition, tryptic peptide mapping of GFAP prepared from cultured astrocytes and Schwann cells revealed one major peptide fragment present in CNS GFAP but absent from PNS GFAP. These results suggest structural differences between GFAP in these two cell types, at both the nucleic acid and protein level, and are consistent with previous observations of immunochemical differences existing between CNS and PNS GFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Feinstein
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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12
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Lodding P, Kindblom LG, Angervall L, Stenman G. Cellular schwannoma. A clinicopathologic study of 29 cases. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. A, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY 1990; 416:237-48. [PMID: 2105560 DOI: 10.1007/bf01678983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 29 cellular schwannomas is described in terms of their clinical presentation and course, light and electron-microscopic appearance, immunohistochemical properties and cytogenetics. The study indicates that cellular schwannoma can be defined as a subtype of classical schwannoma, characterized by spindle cells forming a compact fascicular, sometimes fibrosarcoma-like growth pattern, a low mitotic activity, a generally moderate nuclear and cellular polymorphism and a high degree of Schwann cell differentiation as seen by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The tumour is characteristically located close to the vertebral column, in the mediastinum or retroperitoneum and has a benign course. Occasionally bone destruction and neurological symptoms develop. The clinical appearance together with the high cellularity, fascicular pattern and mitotic activity had led to the erroneous diagnosis of a soft tissue sarcoma in a few cases, and cellular schwannoma may thus be considered to be a pseudosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, cellular schwannomas appear to deviate from classical schwannomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The chromosome analysis revealed a normal diploid stemline karyotype, with a variety of abnormal clones, including one with monosomy 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lodding
- Department of Pathology II, Sahlgren Hospital, Gothenburg University, Sweden
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Friedman B, Zaremba S, Hockfield S. Monoclonal antibody rat 401 recognizes Schwann cells in mature and developing peripheral nerve. J Comp Neurol 1990; 295:43-51. [PMID: 2341635 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902950105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody Rat 401 recognizes subsets of cells in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Previous studies have shown that in the central nervous system (CNS) Rat 401 immunoreactivity diminishes sharply with cellular differentiation. Here we have examined the time course, cellular localization, and biochemical nature of the Rat 401 antigen in the rat peripheral nerve. In contrast to the CNS, in the periphery Rat 401 immunoreactivity is maintained into adulthood. Rat 401 staining is restricted to Schwann cells in mature peripheral nerve. Myelin-related Schwann cells are intensely immunoreactive, whereas nonmyelin-related Schwann cells are weakly immunoreactive. Unlike many Schwann cell markers, Rat 401 staining is maintained in cultured Schwann cells that lack axon contact. Biochemical analyses show that the antigen recognized by Rat 401 in the peripheral nerve is identical to that in embryonic CNS. The results demonstrate that the capacity for maintained Rat 401 immunoreactivity is restricted to Schwann cells as these cells are stained in adult animals as well as in embryos. In contrast, the same antigens are lost from the CNS at an early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06512
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14
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Gray MH, Rosenberg AE, Dickersin GR, Bhan AK. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and keratin expression by benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors. Hum Pathol 1989; 20:1089-96. [PMID: 2478442 DOI: 10.1016/0046-8177(89)90228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 59 ultrastructurally confirmed nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) that included 27 benign schwannomas, five neurofibromas, and 27 malignant schwannomas were studied by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using antibodies directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), keratin, S-100 protein, vimentin, and desmin. GFAP was expressed by 33% of the benign schwannomas, 40% of the neurofibromas, and 7% of the malignant schwannomas. Keratin was expressed by 7% of the benign schwannomas and 4% of the malignant schwannomas. S-100 protein was expressed by 100% of the benign NSTs and by 40% of the malignant schwannomas. Vimentin was observed in 100% of the benign NSTs and in 85% of the malignant schwannomas. None of the cases stained for desmin. GFAP and cytokeratin expression could not be predicted on the basis of tumor light microscopy or ultrastructure. These findings are of practical importance in routine surgical pathology, particularly with respect to the differential diagnosis of gliomas located in the central nervous system and in immunohistochemical studies of peripherally located, poorly differentiated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Gray
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Vos JH, van den Ingh TS, Misdorp W, Ramaekers FC, van Mil FN, de Neijs M. An immunohistochemical study of canine tissues with vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament antisera. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1989; 36:561-75. [PMID: 2515691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1989.tb00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a wide range of canine tissues the immunoreactivity with commercially available antisera against intermediate filament antigens viz. vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament proteins, was studied. In addition, the results of formalin and Carnoy fixation were compared. Carnoy fixation appeared to result in optimal reactivity for all antisera. Epithelial cells did not react with any of the antisera, with exception of ovarian surface epithelium, which showed staining with the vimentin and desmin antisera. The vimentin antiserum induced staining of several cell types viz. fibroblasts, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, Schwann cells, ependymal cells, astrocytes, Leydig cells, synovial cells, podocytes and some parietal cells of Bowman's capsule. Sertoli cells showed a faint staining reaction. Muscle cells in various tissues reacted with the desmin antiserum. In the kidney a varying number of parietal cells appeared to react as did a restricted number of epithelial cells of proximal tubules and loops of Henle. GFAP reactivity was confined to glial cells, predominantly fibrous astrocytes, Schwann cells and axons. Additionally, some neuronal cell bodies in peripheral ganglia showed staining of varying intensity. Neurofilament staining was restricted to axons and some neurons. The immunoreactivity of canine tissues with these antisera is compared to findings in other species. The results confirm a broad interspecies cross-reactivity of these antisera. They can be used in studying the nature of canine tissues.
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Abstract
The presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein was tested for in cartilage of bronchi, trachea, pulmonary hamartomas, articular cartilage and chondrosarcomas. The cytoplasm of most chondrocytes in bronchi stained strongly positive, whilst in hamartomas only small foci at the edges reacted. Staining in the trachea was weak. In chondrosarcomas a few cells were positive, but most areas were negative. Articular cartilage was consistently negative. Young chondrocytes expressed the antigen more strongly than mature cartilage. Dedifferentiated cartilage cells such as chondrosarcoma react, in contrast to their cells of origin in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Dolman
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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17
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Hansen SH, Stagaard M, Møllgård K. Neurofilament-like pattern of reactivity in human foetal PNS and spinal cord following immunostaining with polyclonal anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 1989; 18:427-36. [PMID: 2681541 DOI: 10.1007/bf01474540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), is widely used as a cell-specific marker molecule for immunocytochemical identification of astrocyte lineages in cell culture, in tissues during development, and in tissues undergoing pathological changes. This study demonstrates that a reaction pattern of two commercially available polyclonal anti-GFAP antibodies shows extensive similarity to the pattern of reactivity obtained with monoclonal antibodies to neurofilaments in the PNS and spinal cord of human embryos and foetuses, at 5 to 12 weeks of gestation. The polyclonal antibodies to GFAP labelled populations of neurons and their processes in the PNS and in the spinal cord. Monoclonal antibodies to GFAP only labelled glial cells in the spinal cord. Neurofilament adsorption of one of the anti-GFAP antisera abolished the neurofilament-like reaction pattern, while the structures also labelled with monoclonal antibodies to GFAP remained immunostained. The results presented may question previously published data obtained with these and possibly other polyclonal anti-GFAP antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Hansen
- Department A, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Denmark
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18
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Nada O, Kawana T. Immunohistochemical identification of supportive cell types in the enteric nervous system of the rat colon and rectum. Cell Tissue Res 1988; 251:523-9. [PMID: 2835164 DOI: 10.1007/bf00213999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The non-neuronal, supportive cells of the enteric nerve plexus were investigated in the colon and rectum of adult and developing rats by means of immunohistochemistry, utilizing antisera against GFA protein and S-100 protein. Immunoreactivity to GFA protein was almost exclusively found in cells associated with the myenteric plexus and a small number of cells within the submucous ganglia. On the other hand, the use of S-100 protein antiserum resulted in the visualization of all supportive elements in the enteric nervous system. However, two types of supportive cells could be tentatively differentiated in the enteric nerve plexus during the second week of postnatal development, using GFA protein and S-100 protein antisera; GFA protein-positive cells were clearly discernible from S-100 protein-positive cells in terms of both the morphological profiles and immunohistochemical properties. It was assumed that at least two different types of supportive cells are contained in the enteric nerve plexus. We suggest that in the enteric nervous system the terms "glial cells" and "Schwann cells" should be employed to designate the supportive cells containing GFA and S-100 proteins, and cells containing S-100 protein, respectively. We discuss the possibility that glial cells are associated with the parasympathetic preganglionic fibres directly derived from the central nervous system, while Schwann cells originate from the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nada
- Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University School of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kawana T, Nada O, Ikeda K. An immunohistochemical study of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and S-100 protein in the colon affected by Hirschsprung's disease. Acta Neuropathol 1988; 76:159-65. [PMID: 3407393 DOI: 10.1007/bf00688099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The supportive cells of the enteric nervous system were examined in gut tissues from 15 patients with Hirschsprung's disease by means of immunohistochemistry, utilizing antisera to glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and S-100 protein. In the normoganglionic segment, GFA protein immunoreactivity was predominantly found in association with the myenteric plexus and to a lesser extent in the submucous plexus. On the other hand, the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi were selectively immunostained with GFA protein antiserum throughout the entire length of the aganglionic intestinal walls from all children studied. The large fasciculi were numerous in the distal aganglionic segment and commonly appeared in the intermuscular zone and submucosal connective tissue. Both small- and medium-sized nerve fasciculi with GFA protein immunoreactivity were also encountered within the circular muscle layer of the proximal aganglionic segment. A subpopulation of supportive cells within the hypertrophic nerve fasciculi showed immunoreactivity for GFA protein, while all supportive elements of these fasciculi were stained for S-100 protein. The intrinsic nerve fibers within the circular muscle layer of normoganglionic segments were stained for S-100 protein, but not for GFA protein. The present study supports our previous findings that two types of supportive cells can be differentiated by immunohistochemistry in the enteric nervous system, utilizing antisera to GFA protein and S-100 protein. It is also concluded that the demonstration of GFA protein by immunohistochemical methods favors the diagnosis of aganglionic colons with Hirschsprung's disease, since GFA protein immunoreactivity is confined to the extrinsic, hypertrophic nerve fasciculi characteristic of aganglionic bowels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawana
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Japan
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Malhotra SK. Monoclonal antibodies in investigations on astrocytes. Subcell Biochem 1988; 12:277-306. [PMID: 3043769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1681-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chiu FC, Sacchi RS, Claudio L, Kobayashi S, Suzuki K. Coexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the twitcher mutant. Glia 1988; 1:105-12. [PMID: 2976032 DOI: 10.1002/glia.440010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method to purify glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) from mouse spinal cord is described, which permits the measurement of GFAP in the sciatic nerve of the twitcher mutant and control mouse. Cytoskeletal proteins from sciatic nerves and purified GFAP standards were electrophoresed on gel, transferred to nitrocellulose paper, and immunostained with anti-GFAP antibody. From the immunostained, 51,000-dalton band, we estimated about 200 ng GFAP per 50 micrograms of cytoskeletal protein in the twitcher sciatic nerve. The control nerve showed no detectable GFAP. Double-labeled fluorescence immunocytochemistry showed that in the brainstem of twitcher mutant, GFAP and vimentin were coexpressed in the majority of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Chiu
- Saul Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Goto M, Meyermann R, Wekerle H. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of glia cells. Double labeling studies using LR White embedding and colloidal gold. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1987; 87:201-7. [PMID: 2443471 DOI: 10.1007/bf00492410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of acrylate resins (Lowicryl K4M, LR White) into electronmicroscopic immunocytochemistry applied to embedded tissue (post-embedding method) has improved the localization of antigens because of a satisfactory preservation of both ultrastructure and antigenicity of tissues. Here we describe a method that allows double staining of intracellular and membranous determinants in ultrathin sections of nervous tissue and cultures of peripheral nervous system cells. Ultrathin sections of the rat central nervous system fixed on uncoated grids were stained first for MBP selectively on the one face, then the opposite face was stained for GFAP using monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunogold staining method (IGS). Cultured Schwann cells induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens were stained for class II antigens by pre-embedding method then followed by post-embedding IGS for the other intracytoplasmic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goto
- Max-Planck-Society Clinical Research Unit for Multiple Sclerosis, Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Achstätter T, Moll R, Anderson A, Kuhn C, Pitz S, Schwechheimer K, Franke WW. Expression of glial filament protein (GFP) in nerve sheaths and non-neural cells re-examined using monoclonal antibodies, with special emphasis on the co-expression of GFP and cytokeratins in epithelial cells of human salivary gland and pleomorphic adenomas. Differentiation 1986; 31:206-27. [PMID: 2429886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1986.tb00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe two novel monoclonal antibodies specific for glial filament protein (GFP), i.e., GF12.23 and GF12.24 (both IgG2a]. These cross-react over a broad range of species with epitopes located in the alpha-helical rod domain typical of all intermediate filament (IF) proteins. These monoclonal antibodies were used, in conjunction with other monoclonal GFP antibodies, rabbit antiserum to GFP, and various antibodies to other cytoskeletal proteins, to examine the occurrence of GFP in cells outside of the central nervous system of rodents, cows, and humans. We detected some scattered GFP-containing cells in the neural sheaths in some species but not in others, and we obtained different results when comparing the rabbit antisera with the monoclonal GFP antibodies. In the enteric glia of rats, we observed GFP-positive cells with all of the antibodies used, whereas in human intestine, the various monoclonal antibodies showed no reaction with any intestinal cells. Similarly, no GFP was detected in surface cells of the lens of cows and rats using any of the GFP antibodies, whereas some reaction was seen in murine lens tissue. We were also unable to detect GFP-positive cells in human, bovine, or rat liver with any of the monoclonal antibodies, which is in contrast to the reactivity of the rabbit GFP antisera with some stellate perisinusoidal cells of rat but not bovine or human liver. The possible reasons for the discrepancies between the different species and the different antibody preparations used are discussed. In addition, using double-label immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that normal human parotid glands contain a certain type of epithelial cell that co-expresses cytokeratins and desmosomal proteins with GFP. The histological distribution of these GFP-positive cells suggests that they represent a subset of the myoepithelial cells present in this tissue. Cells co-expressing cytokeratins and GFP - in some cases, apparently together with vimentin as the third IF protein present - were also identified in tumors derived from this salivary-gland epithelium, i.e., pleomorphic adenomas, in which GFP-positive cells were relatively frequent in the myxoid and chondroid components, thus confirming the work of other investigators. Possible implications for the concept of histogenesis of these tumor cells are discussed, as are possible mechanisms resulting in the co-expression of IF proteins.
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