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Khatami N, Khoshfetrat AB, Khaksar M, Zamani ARN, Rahbarghazi R. Collagen‐alginate‐nano‐silica microspheres improved the osteogenic potential of human osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15069-15082. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khatami
- Chemical Engineering Faculty Sahand University of Technology Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Majid Khaksar
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Rohani L, Karbalaie K, Vahdati A, Hatami M, Nasr-Esfahani M, Baharvand H. Embryonic Stem Cell Sphere: A Controlled Method for Production of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Aggregates for Differentiation. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 31:258-65. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880803100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are of significant interest as a renewable source of nonproliferating cells. Differentiation of ESCs is initiated by the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). Standard methods of EB formation are limited in their production capacity, in any variations in EB size and formation of EBs through frequent passages. Here we have reported the utility of a microencapsulation technique for overcoming these limitations by mass production of mouse ESCs in alginate beads called ESC spheres. Methods The mouse ESCs were encapsulated in 1.2% alginate solution and cocultured on a feeder layer. The cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, in vitro differentiation, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Analysis of encapsulated ESC spheres by flow cytometry showed similar percentages of Oct-4 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) expression in comparison with routine culture of ESCs. Moreover, the ESC spheres maintained a pluripotency potential which was comparable with ESCs cultured on feeder cells directly, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Conclusions The results demonstrated that alginate encapsulation as a simple bioreactor, provides a scalable system for mass undifferentiated ESC sphere production with similar sizes and without the need for frequent passages for differentiation and clinical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rohani
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Esfahan Campus, Esfahan - Iran
- Department of Biology, Esfahan University, Esfahan - Iran
| | - K. Karbalaie
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Esfahan Campus, Esfahan - Iran
| | - A. Vahdati
- Department of Biology, Esfahan University, Esfahan - Iran
| | - M. Hatami
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran - Iran
| | - M.H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Esfahan Campus, Esfahan - Iran
| | - H. Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran - Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran - Iran
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3
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Esfahani RR, Jun H, Rahmani S, Miller A, Lahann J. Microencapsulation of Live Cells in Synthetic Polymer Capsules. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2839-2847. [PMID: 30023677 PMCID: PMC6044854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In cell therapies, it is advantageous to encapsulate live cells in protective, semipermeable microparticles for controlled release of cytokines, growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, or insulin. Here, a modified electrospraying approach with an organic solution of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer is used to create synthetic PLGA capsules that effectively protect live cells. Using a design of experiment (DOE) methodology, the effect of governing jetting parameters on encapsulation efficiency, yield, and size is systematically evaluated. On the basis of this analysis, the interaction between bovine serum albumin concentration and core flow rate is the most dominant factor determining core encapsulation efficiency as well as the microcapsule size. However, the interaction between shell solvent ratio and shell flow rate predominantly defines the particle yield. To validate these findings, live cells have been successfully encapsulated in microcapsules using optimized parameters from the DOE analysis and have survived the electrohydrodynamic jetting process. Extending the currently available toolkit for cell microencapsulation, these biodegradable, semi-impermeable cell-laden microcapsules may find a range of applications in areas such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Roghani Esfahani
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Biointerface Institute, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haysun Jun
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Biointerface Institute, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sahar Rahmani
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Biointerface Institute, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrea Miller
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Biointerface Institute, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Biointerface Institute, and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Leong WY, Soon CF, Wong SC, Tee KS, Cheong SC, Gan SH, Youseffi M. In Vitro Growth of Human Keratinocytes and Oral Cancer Cells into Microtissues: An Aerosol-Based Microencapsulation Technique. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E43. [PMID: 28952522 PMCID: PMC5590479 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells encapsulation is a micro-technology widely applied in cell and tissue research, tissue transplantation, and regenerative medicine. In this paper, we proposed a growth of microtissue model for the human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell line and an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line (ORL-48) based on a simple aerosol microencapsulation technique. At an extrusion rate of 20 μL/min and air flow rate of 0.3 L/min programmed in the aerosol system, HaCaT and ORL-48 cells in alginate microcapsules were encapsulated in microcapsules with a diameter ranging from 200 to 300 μm. Both cell lines were successfully grown into microtissues in the microcapsules of alginate within 16 days of culture. The microtissues were characterized by using a live/dead cell viability assay, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fluorescence staining, and cell re-plating experiments. The microtissues of both cell types were viable after being extracted from the alginate membrane using alginate lyase. However, the microtissues of HaCaT and ORL-48 demonstrated differences in both nucleus size and morphology. The microtissues with re-associated cells in spheroids are potentially useful as a cell model for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yean Leong
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Fhong Soon
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Laboratory, MiNT-SRC Research Center, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Soon Chuan Wong
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Kian Sek Tee
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, 1, Jalan SS12/1A, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Mansour Youseffi
- School of Engineering, Design and Technology, Medical Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
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Anjomshoa M, Karbalaie K, Mardani M, Razavi S, Tanhaei S, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Baharvand H. Generation of motor neurons by coculture of retinoic acid-pretreated embryonic stem cells with chicken notochords. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:259-67. [PMID: 18422402 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding neuroectoderm formation and its subsequent diversification to functional neural subtypes remains elusive. We have shown here for the first time that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into neurons and motor neurons (MNs) by using a coculture embryonic notochord model in vitro. Mouse ESCs were induced to form neural precursors via timed exposure to retinoic acid (RA) using the 4-/4+ RA protocol. These cells were then cocultured with alginate bead-encapsulated notochords isolated from Hamburger and Hamilton stage 6-10 chick embryos. The use of notochord alone was not able to induce neural differentiation from ESCs, and, therefore, notochord does not possess neural inducing activity. Hence, the most successful neuronal cells and MN differentiation was only observed following the coculture of RA-pretreated ESCs with notochord. This resulted in a significantly greater number of cells expressing microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2), HB9, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and MN-specific genes. While further characterization of these differentiated cells will be essential before transplantation studies commence, these data illustrate the effectiveness of embryonic notochord coculture in providing valuable molecular cues for directed differentiation of ESCs toward an MN lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Anjomshoa
- Department of Stem Cells, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Esfahan Campus, Esfahan, Iran
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Omer A, Keegan M, Czismadia E, De Vos P, Van Rooijen N, Bonner-Weir S, Weir GC. Macrophage depletion improves survival of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters contained in alginate macrocapsules transplanted into rats. Xenotransplantation 2003; 10:240-51. [PMID: 12694544 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3089.2003.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages can accumulate on the surface of empty and islet-containing alginate capsules, leading to loss of functional tissue. In this study, the effect of peritoneal macrophage depletion on the biocompatibility of alginate macrocapsules and function of macroencapsulated porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) was investigated. METHODS Clodronate liposomes were injected into the peritoneal cavities of normoglycemic Lewis rats 5 and 2 days before the transplantation. Empty or NPCC-containing Ca-alginate poly L-lysine (PLL)-coated macrocapsules were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of rats injected with either clodronate liposomes or saline. On days 7, 14 and 21, samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for cellular immune responses on the surface of the macrocapsules and for macrophage populations in omental tissue. To assess the function of macroencapsulated NPCCs, insulin secretory responses to glucose and theophylline were measured after capsule retrieval. RESULTS In saline-injected control groups, all of the empty and NPCC-containing macrocapsules were overgrown with macrophages, this being especially severe on NPCC-containing macrocapsules. In the clodronate liposomes-injected group, the majority of the empty macrocapsules were free of macrophage accumulation and the NPCC-containing macrocapsules were less overgrown than in control animals. Higher insulin responses to glucose and theophylline were observed in NPCCs retrieved from rats injected with clodronate liposomes. CONCLUSION We conclude that depletion of peritoneal macrophages with clodronate liposomes improve the survival of macroencapsulated NPCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Omer
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Löhr JM, Saller R, Salmons B, Günzburg WH. Microencapsulation of genetically engineered cells for cancer therapy. Methods Enzymol 2002; 346:603-18. [PMID: 11883094 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)46080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-Matthias Löhr
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology, Medical Clinic II, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Abstract
The ubiquitous use of poly(ethylene glycol) in the biomaterials field has also boosted the research activity in the chemical derivatization of this polymer. We focused our interest on the preparation of tailor-made poly(ethylene glycol)-based structures and on the study of structure-activity relationships for its functionalization, as preliminary steps for the preparation of smart functional materials. More specifically, amphiphilic and cationic block copolymers were prepared for prospective use in the preparation of self-assembled carriers, and Michael-type addition of thiols onto acrylates was studied as a model for end-group reaction leading to hydrogel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tirelli
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich.
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Magyar JP, Nemir M, Ehler E, Suter N, Perriard JC, Eppenberger HM. Mass production of embryoid bodies in microbeads. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 944:135-43. [PMID: 11797664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are totipotent cells that can differentiate into a large number of different cell types. Stem cell-derived, differentiated cells are of increasing importance as a potential source for non-proliferating cells (e.g., cardiomyocytes or neurons) for future tissue engineering applications. Differentiation of ESC is initiated by the formation of embryoid bodies (EB). Current protocols for the generation of EB are either of limited productivity or deliver EB with a large variation in size and differentiation state. To establish an efficient and robust EB production process, we encapsulated mouse ESC into alginate microbeads using various microencapsulation technologies. Microencapsulation and culturing of ESC in 1.1% alginate microbeads gives rise to discoid colonies, which further differentiate within the beads to cystic EB and later to EB containing spontaneously beating areas. However, if ESC are encapsulated into 1.6% alginate microbeads, differentiation is inhibited at the morula-like stage, so that no cystic EB can be formed within the beads. ESC colonies, which are released from 1.6% alginate microbeads, can further differentiate to cystic EB with beating cardiomyocytes. Extended supplementation of the growth medium with retinoic acid promotes differentiation to smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Magyar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zurich.
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Sakai S, Ono T, Ijima H, Kawakami K. Synthesis and transport characterization of alginate/aminopropyl-silicate/alginate microcapsule: application to bioartificial pancreas. Biomaterials 2001; 22:2827-34. [PMID: 11561887 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To develop a novel type of immunoisolation membrane for a microcapsule-shaped bioartificial pancreas, we attempted to use a sol-gel synthesized silicate. An aminopropyl-silicate membrane derived from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane was formed on Ca-alginate gel beads via electrostatic interaction. The positively charged amino groups remaining on the surface of the resultant gel beads were neutralized by immersion in an aqueous Na-alginate solution. From measurements of the partition coefficients and effective diffusivities of different substances to the gel beads, it was found that the aminopropyl-silicate membrane prepared under optimized composition of silicon alkoxide precursors successfully rejected gamma-globulin, giving good permeability to substances having a low molecular weight. Islets could be encapsulated within the newly developed microcapsules while retaining their ability to secrete insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakai
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Particle size distribution analysis as a characterization method for gel particles produced in suspension reactors. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Hsu FY, Tsai SW, Wang FF, Wang YJ. The collagen-containing alginate/poly(L-lysine)/alginate microcapsules. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2000; 28:147-54. [PMID: 10728582 DOI: 10.3109/10731190009118577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A method of preparing microcapsules containing collagen fibrous network is reported in this study. This method takes advantage of miscibility of collagen and alginate and the ability of this mixture to form spherical gel beads in the presence of CaCl2. Collagen was then reconstituted within the microcapsules at 37 after alginate was liquefied with citrate. GH3 rat pituitary tumor cell, which can be cultured in both suspended and attached forms, were entrapped within the microcapsules. The cell proliferated faster in the collagen-containing capsule as compared to those in the conventional microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
The basic principles of artificial cells, encapsulation and immobilization form the basis for a number of bioartificial organs. Hemoperfusion based on encapsulated adsorbent has been in routine clinical uses for many years to remove toxins or drugs from the circulating blood. Blood substitutes based on crosslinked hemoglobin or encapsulated hemoglobin are being developed and tested in phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Enzyme therapy using microencapsulated enzymes have been studied in animal studies and in a preliminary human study. Encapsulation or other ways of immobilization of cells are being developed extensively by many groups. This includes the encapsulation or immobilization of islets, hepatocytes and genetically engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Chang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Q.C., Canada.
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Abstract
A new one-step microencapsulation procedure has been developed. For the alginate/oligochitosan system the molar mass of the chitosan is a key parameter in the formation of stable, elastic capsules with high modulus. Furthermore, the selection of an optimum molar mass provides an additional degree of freedom, permitting the simultaneous regulation of mechanical properties and permeability without the need for multicomponent organic-inorganic chemistries as have been previously employed. The effects of molar mass of chitosan, its concentration, the alginate molar mass and its metal salt on the preparation, physical properties, and release characteristics of the capsules have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartkowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dupraz P, Rinsch C, Pralong WF, Rolland E, Zufferey R, Trono D, Thorens B. Lentivirus-mediated Bcl-2 expression in betaTC-tet cells improves resistance to hypoxia and cytokine-induced apoptosis while preserving in vitro and in vivo control of insulin secretion. Gene Ther 1999; 6:1160-9. [PMID: 10455420 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
betaTC-tet cells are conditionally immortalized pancreatic beta cells which can confer long-term correction of hyperglycemia when transplanted in syngeneic streptozocin diabetic mice. The use of these cells for control of type I diabetes in humans will require their encapsulation and transplantation in non-native sites where relative hypoxia and cytokines may threaten their survival. In this study we genetically engineered betaTC-tet cells with the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 using new lentiviral vectors and showed that it protected this cell line against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, staurosporine and a mixture of cytokines (IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha). We further demonstrated that Bcl-2 expression permitted growth at higher cell density and with shorter doubling time. Expression of Bcl-2, however, did not inter- fere either with the intrinsic mechanism of growth arrest present in the betaTC-tet cells or with their normal glucose dose-dependent insulin secretory activity. Furthermore, Bcl-2 expressing betaTC-tet cells retained their capacity to secrete insulin under mild hypoxia. Finally, transplantation of these cells under the kidney capsule of streptozocin diabetic C3H mice corrected hyperglycemia for several months. These results demonstrate that the murine betaTC-tet cell line can be genetically modified to improve its resistance against different stress-induced apoptosis while preserving its normal physiological function. These modified cells represent an improved source for cell transplantation therapy of type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dupraz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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