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Ossola CA, Balcarcel NB, Astrauskas JI, Bozzini C, Elverdin JC, Fernández‐Solari J. A new target to ameliorate the damage of periodontal disease: The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐1 in contrast to that of specific cannabinoid receptors in rats. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1325-1335. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- César A. Ossola
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Noelia B. Balcarcel
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Julia I. Astrauskas
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Clarisa Bozzini
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Juan C. Elverdin
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier Fernández‐Solari
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of DentistryUniversity of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
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Surkin PN, Ossola CÁ, Mohn CE, Elverdin JC, Fernández-Solari J. Chronic alcohol consumption alters periodontal health in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2001-7. [PMID: 24931716 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on periodontitis development in rats. METHODS Periodontal disease was experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 mg/ml) injections into the gingival tissue around first upper and lower molar's neck, and into the interdental space between first and second molars. This protocol was repeated for 6 weeks on days 1, 3, and 5 of each week. Chronic alcohol consumption was induced by 20% ethanol (EtOH) as the only liquid source during 4 months. RESULTS Chronic alcohol consumption by itself increased alveolar bone loss and biological mediators of periodontal disease such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) content on gingival tissue, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity plus PGE2 content in submandibular gland. Unexpectedly, alcohol consumption did not increase the damage evoked by the proved model of LPS injections for periodontitis induction. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest 20% alcohol consumption during 4 months generates differential effects on oral health of rats, depending on its pathophysiological state: It would exacerbate the inflammatory condition when periodontal damage is absent, but it would not when damage is installed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo N Surkin
- Laboratory of Oral Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Gulle K, Akpolat M, Kurcer Z, Cengiz MI, Baba F, Acikgoz S. Multi-organ injuries caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammation in rats: role of melatonin. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:736-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gulle
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - M. Akpolat
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - Z. Kurcer
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Health Sciences; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - M. I. Cengiz
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Health Sciences; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
| | - F. Baba
- Department of Pathology; Selcuklu Faculty of Medicine; Selcuk University; Konya Turkey
| | - S. Acikgoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Bulent Ecevit University; Zonguldak Turkey
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4
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Özdemir SP, Kurtiş B, Tüter G, Bozkurt Ş, Gültekin SE, Sengüven B, Watanabe K, Aydın S. Effects of Low-Dose Doxycycline and Bisphosphonate Clodronate on Alveolar Bone Loss and Gingival Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Interleukin-1β in Rats With Diabetes: A Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Study. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1172-82. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Osmotic pressure of gingiva in periodontitis: Correlation with gingival proinflammatory cytokine production and alveolar bone destruction. J Dent Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Botelho MA, Martins JG, Ruela RS, Queiroz DB, Ruela WS. Nanotechnology in ligature-induced periodontitis: protective effect of a doxycycline gel with nanoparticules. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:335-42. [PMID: 20835566 PMCID: PMC5349078 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a locally applied 8.5%
nanostructured doxycycline (DOX) gel in preventing alveolar bone loss in
experimental periodontal disease (ePD) in rats by using the tapping mode atomic
force microscopy (AFM). Material and Methods ePD was induced in 24 Wistar rats. Animals were treated with the doxycycline gel
topically, immediately after ePD induction, and 3 times a day during 11 days. Four
groups (n=6) were formed as follows: Naïve group (animals not subjected to
ePD nor treated); non-treated (NT) group (animals subjected to ePD, but not
treated); vehicle gel (VG) group (animals subjected to ePD and treated with
topical gel vehicle); and DOX group (test group): animals subjected to ePD and
treated with the 8.5% DOX gel. In order to investigate topographical changes in
histological sections, a novel simple method was used for sample preparation, by
etching sections from paraffin-embedded specimens with xylol. Results Comparing the AFM images, several grooves were observed on the surface of the
alveolar bone and other periodontal structures in the NT and VG groups, with
significantly greater depths when compared to the DOX group (p<0.05). Conclusions Periodontal structures were brought into high relief confirming to be a simple and
costeffective method for AFM imaging with ultrastructural resolution. The
doxycycline gel was able to afford periodontal surface preservation, with flatter
grooves.
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Gürkan A, Emingil G, Nizam N, Doğanavşargil B, Sezak M, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. Therapeutic Efficacy of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide inEscherichia coliLipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1655-64. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rogers JE, Li F, Coatney DD, Rossa C, Bronson P, Krieder JM, Giannobile WV, Kirkwood KL. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide-mediated experimental bone loss model for aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:550-8. [PMID: 17335380 PMCID: PMC2683373 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial constituents, such as Gram-negative derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can initiate inflammatory bone loss through induction of host-derived inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to establish a model of aggressive inflammatory alveolar bone loss in rats using LPS derived from the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into LPS test (N = 12) and saline control (N = 6) groups. All animals received injections to the palatal molar gingiva three times per week for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, linear and volumetric alveolar bone loss was measured by micro-computed tomography (microCT). The prevalence of inflammatory infiltrate, proinflammatory cytokines, and osteoclasts was assessed from hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-stained sections. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS induced severe bone loss over 8 weeks, whereas control groups were unchanged. Linear and volumetric analysis of maxillae by microCT indicated significant loss of bone with LPS administration. Histologic examination revealed increased inflammatory infiltrate, significantly increased immunostaining for interleukin IL-6 and -1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and more TRAP-positive osteoclasts in the LPS group compared to controls. CONCLUSION Oral injections of LPS derived from the periodontal pathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans can induce severe alveolar bone loss and proinflammatory cytokine production in rats by 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E. Rogers
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Derek D. Coatney
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul Bronson
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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9
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Tjäderhane L, Hotakainen T, Kinnunen S, Ahonen M, Salo T. The effect of chemical inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases on the size of experimentally induced apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2007; 40:282-9. [PMID: 17298412 DOI: 10.1111/j.0143-2885.2007.01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition on periapical lesion formation in a rat model. METHODOLOGY The pulp chambers of mandibular fist molars of adult SD rats were exposed to be infected by oral microbes. The experimental group was fed 20 mg kg(-1) MMP-inhibitor chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) daily in an oral gavage and the controls were fed the vehicle. After 2 and 4 weeks, the mandibles (n = 10 in both groups at both times) were radiographed, decalcified and subjected to histological analysis. Extension of necrosis in first molar distal root canals was measured from the histological sections, and periapical lesion sizes in the same roots were determined from radiographs and histological sections. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the extension of necrosis in root canals between 2 and 4 weeks in the control group (P < 0.05), but not with MMP inhibition. Radiographically, MMP inhibition increased the periapical lesion size by 70% and 34% after 2 and 4 weeks respectively (P < 0.05 in after 2 weeks). In histological measurements, lesion size increased with MMP inhibition by 26% and 8% after 2 and 4 weeks respectively. CONCLUSIONS MMP inhibition affects pulpal and periapical inflammation, increasing the rate of spreading of necrosis in root canals and the rate of periapical lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Smith BJ, Lerner MR, Bu SY, Lucas EA, Hanas JS, Lightfoot SA, Postier RG, Bronze MS, Brackett DJ. Systemic bone loss and induction of coronary vessel disease in a rat model of chronic inflammation. Bone 2006; 38:378-86. [PMID: 16256450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2005.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, osteopenia or low bone mass has been observed in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, and elevated proinflammatory mediators have implicated this process. The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo model of bone loss induced by chronic systemic inflammation. Time-release pellets designed to deliver one of three doses of LPS: Low (3.3 microg/day), High (33.3 microg/day), or Placebo over 90 days, were implanted subcutaneously in 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/group). Neutrophil counts, indicative of ongoing inflammation, were elevated (P < 0.05) in both LPS groups at 30 days post-implant and remained significantly elevated in the High dose throughout the 90-day study period. At the end of the study, bone loss occurred in the femur as indicated by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in both LPS-treated groups, but vertebral BMD was reduced in the High dose animals only. Microcomputed tomography revealed that trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) of the proximal tibial metaphysis tended to be reduced in the High dose LPS group. Deleterious effects on trabecular number (TbN) and trabecular separation (TbSp) were observed in both LPS-treated groups, but only the High dose group reached statistical significance. These alterations in trabecular microarchitecture resulted in compromised biomechanical properties. No changes in cortical thickness, porosity, or area of the tibia midshaft were evident at either dose of LPS. Up-regulation of the proinflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was demonstrated in the metaphyseal region where the deleterious effects of LPS were observed. In addition to these alterations in bone, trichrome staining indicated changes in the coronary arterioles, consistent with vascular disease. Utilization of a LPS time-release pellet appears to provide an in vivo model of chronic inflammation-induced bone loss and a potentially novel system to study concurrent development of osteopenia and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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11
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Dumitrescu AL, Abd-El-Aleem S, Morales-Aza B, Donaldson LF. A model of periodontitis in the rat: effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone resorption, osteoclast activity, and local peptidergic innervation. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:596-603. [PMID: 15257734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and characterise a rat model of periodontitis that reiterates the features of human disease. METHODS Periodontal inflammation was induced by a single injection of 10 microg liposaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhimurium) in 1 microl saline into rat mandibular gingiva at the buccomesial aspect of the second molar. Animals were killed after 3, 7 and 10 days, mandibles dissected and sectioned for histological and immunocytochemical analysis. RESULTS LPS injection resulted in a significant gingival and periodontal inflammation with inflammatory infiltrate, apical migration of the junctional epithelium, interdental bone loss, and activation of osteoclasts at the site of injection 7 and 10 days after injection. At 10 days post injection, there was a significant trend for bone loss on both sides of the mandible. Periodontal inflammation was associated with alteration in the levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals innervating the inflamed gingival papilla. CONCLUSION Intragingival injection of LPS in the rat provides an easily induced reproducible experimental model of periodontal inflammation that reiterates features of human disease.
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12
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Tomasi C, Wennström JL. Locally delivered doxycycline improves the healing following non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2004; 31:589-95. [PMID: 15257733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy is known to be inferior in smokers compared to non-smokers. In the present study, the question was asked whether such a difference in healing response may be less evident following adjunctive use of locally delivered controlled-release doxycycline. METHODS One hundred and three patients (42 smokers, 61 non-smokers), each having at least eight periodontal sites with PPD (probing pocket depth) > or =5 mm, were following stratification for smoking randomly assigned to two different treatment protocols; non-surgical scaling/root planing (Control) or ultrasonic instrumentation+application of a 8.5% w/w doxycycline gel (Atridox trade mark ) (Test). Instructions in oral hygiene were given to all patients. Clinical examinations of plaque, PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding following pocket probing were performed at baseline and after 3 months. Primary efficacy endpoints were changes in PPD and CAL. Patient mean values were calculated as basis for statistical analysis (multiple regression analyses). RESULTS The baseline examination revealed no significant difference in mean PPD between treatment groups or between smokers and non-smokers (mean PPD 5.7-5.9 mm). The mean PPD reduction in the control group at 3-month was 1.1 mm (SD=0.45) for smokers and 1.5 mm (0.67) for non-smokers. In the test group the PPD reduction was 1.4 mm (0.60) and 1.6 mm (0.45) for smokers and non-smokers, respectively. The mean CAL gain for smokers and non-smokers amounted to 0.5 mm (0.56) and 0.8 mm (0.71), respectively, in the control group, and to 0.8 mm (0.72) and 0.9 mm (0.82), respectively, in the test group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking and initial PPD negatively influenced the treatment outcome in terms of PPD reduction and CAL gain, while the use of doxycycline had a significant positive effect. CONCLUSION Locally applied controlled-release doxycycline gel may partly counteract the negative effect of smoking on periodontal healing following non-surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Tomasi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden
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Kinane DF, Darby IB, Said S, Luoto H, Sorsa T, Tikanoja S, Mäntylä P. Changes in gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels during periodontal treatment and maintenance. J Periodontal Res 2003; 38:400-4. [PMID: 12828657 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) and the maintenance phase of treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical measurements and GCF samples were taken from four sites in 20 adult periodontitis patients before and after SRP and during a 3-month maintenance phase of treatment. MMP-8 levels were measured from GCF samples by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS SRP improved the clinical indices as would be predicted, 6.1 mm (SD = 1.4) at baseline compared with 4.3 mm (SD = 1.6) post-treatment (P < 0.001). Attachment level (AL) reduced but not significantly between these two visits 13.4 mm (SD = 2.4) compared with 12.8 mm (SD = 2.4) (P < 0.08) post therapy. GCF MMP-8 levels reduced after initial treatment from 33.8 micro g/30 s sample to 23.5 micro g/30 s, which just failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). However, when MMP-8 levels were expressed as a concentration, the differences following initial therapy were significant (54.1 ng/ micro L at baseline compared with 34.2 ng/micro L post treatment; P < 0.005). The difference, however, between the baseline MMP-8 levels (33.8 ng/30 s) and the final visit (16 ng/30 s) following maintenance was markedly significant (P < 0.001) for both absolute amounts and on a concentration basis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, clinical improvement following SRP was associated with significant reductions in MMP-8 levels. The GCF concentration of MMP-8 decreased after initial therapy but reduced even more dramatically (approximately 50%) following a 3-month period of maintenance (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Kinane
- University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Kentucky, USA
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Heikkilä P, Teronen O, Hirn MY, Sorsa T, Tervahartiala T, Salo T, Konttinen YT, Halttunen T, Moilanen M, Hanemaaijer R, Laitinen M. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-14 in osteosarcoma cells by clodronate. J Surg Res 2003; 111:45-52. [PMID: 12842447 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4804(03)00086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates reduce the bone metastasis formation and angiogenesis but the exact molecular mechanisms involved are unclear. Progelatinase A (proMMP-2; 78 KDa) is activated up during the tumor spread and metastasis by a cell surface-associated matrix metalloproteinase (membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase [MT1-MMP] or MMP-14). MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of a bisphosphonate (clodronate) on MT1-MMP mRNA expression and protein production, catalytic activity and proteolytic activation of proMMP-2 by cultured human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. RESULTS Clodronate, at therapeutically attainable noncytotoxic concentrations, dose-dependently inhibited phorbol myristic acetate (PMA)-induced proteolytic activation of proMMP-2 by human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Clodronate also downregulated the PMA-induced expression of MT1-MMP mRNA and protein production in human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, as evidenced by Northern analysis and fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, clodronate inhibited directly and dose-dependently MT1-MMP activity, and the MT1-MMP inhibition by clodronate was reduced in the presence of an increased (5 mM) Ca(2+) concentrations when compared to physiological (1 mM) Ca(2+) concentrations. CONCLUSION We conclude that (1) the extracellular/cell-associated mechanism of bisphosphonate involves inhibition of MT1-MMP catalytic activity eventually by chelation, and that (2) intracellular mechanism involves downregulation of induced MT1-MMP mRNA and protein expression. The inhibition and downregulation of MT1-MMP by clodronate can be related to their ability to reduce MG-63 osteosarcoma cell invasion and spread. These findings may, at least in part, explain at molecular level the antitumor and antibone resorption activities of clodronate observed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Heikkilä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ramamurthy NS, Rifkin BR, Greenwald RA, Xu JW, Liu Y, Turner G, Golub LM, Vernillo AT. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-mediated periodontal bone loss in rats: a comparison of 6 chemically modified tetracyclines. J Periodontol 2002; 73:726-34. [PMID: 12146531 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.7.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs), devoid of antimicrobial activity, inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, doxycycline and 5 different CMTs were tested to prevent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent periodontal tissue breakdown in an animal model of periodontitis. METHODS Adult male rats received intragingival injections with either 10 microl of physiologic saline or Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 mg/ml) every other day for 6 days and were distributed into 8 treatment groups (12 rats/group): saline (S), endotoxin alone (E), E + CMT-1, E + CMT-3, E + CMT-4, E + CMT-7, E + CMT-8, and doxycycline. All animals were treated daily with 1 ml of 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) alone or containing one of the above-mentioned CMTs (2 mg/day) orally. The gingival tissues were removed, extracted, and assayed for gelatinase (GLSE). Some rat maxillary jaws from each treatment group were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for histology and immunohistochemistry for the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, and MMP-2 and MMP-9. RESULTS Endotoxin injection induced elevated GLSE activity (functional assay and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption), the former identified as predominantly MMP-9 (92 kDa GLSE) by gelatin zymography. All 6 tetracyclines (2 mg/day) inhibited periodontal breakdown in the following order of efficacy: CMT-8 > CMT- 1 > CMT-3 > doxycycline > CMT-4 > CMT-7. Immunohistochemistry was positive for TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 in the inflammatory cells from untreated endotoxin rat tissues, whereas treatment with CMTs decreased the number of immuno-positive stained cells for cytokines and MMPs. The in vivo efficacy of these drugs varied with CMT structure and was significantly correlated with bone resorption: r2 = -0.77, P<0.01; gelatinase inhibitory activity: r2 = -0.84, P <0.01; and serum drug concentrations. CONCLUSION Since both conventional (antimicrobial) and non-antimicrobial tetracyclines inhibited periodontal bone resorption induced by endotoxin injection, MMP-mediated bone loss in this model can be prevented by inhibition of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungavarum S Ramamurthy
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, 11794-8702, USA.
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Heikkilä P, Teronen O, Moilanen M, Konttinen YT, Hanemaaijer R, Laitinen M, Maisi P, van der Pluijm G, Bartlett JD, Salo T, Sorsa T. Bisphosphonates inhibit stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), matrix metalloelastase (MMP-12), collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and enamelysin (MMP-20), but not urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and diminish invasion and migration of human malignant and endothelial cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2002; 13:245-54. [PMID: 11984068 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200203000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (clodronate, alendronate, pamidronate and zoledronate) at therapeutically attainable non-cytotoxic concentrations inhibited MMP-3, -12, -13 and -20 as well as MMP-1, -2, -8 and -9, but not urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a serine proteinase and a pro-MMP activator. Dose-dependent inhibition was shown by three independent MMP assays. The inhibition was reduced in the presence of an increased concentration of Ca(2+) when compared to physiologic Ca(2+) concentration. Alendronate inhibited the in vitro invasion (Matrigel) of human HT1080 fibrosarcoma and C8161 melanoma cells, and the random migration of these malignant and endothelial cell lines capable of expressing MMPs and uPA. The concentration of alendronate required to inhibit 50% of the activity (IC(50)=40-70 microM) of MMPs corresponded to the IC(50) of down-regulation of in vitro invasion and migration. The ability of bisphosphonates to down-regulate the in vitro invasion and random migration was comparable or slightly better in relation to the selective gelatinase inhibitor CTTHWGFTLC peptide. Alendronate but not CTTHWGFTLC peptide promoted the adhesion of HT1080 fibrosarcoma and C8161 melanoma cell lines on fibronectin. Bisphosphonates are broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors and this inhibition involves cation chelation. Bisphosphonates further exert antimetastatic, anti-invasive and cell adhesion-promoting properties, which may prevent metastases not only into hard tissues but also to soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Heikkilä
- Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Medicine, Biomedicum and Oral Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and ORTON Research Institute, Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tolomeo M, Grimaudo S, Milano S, La Rosa M, Ferlazzo V, Di Bella G, Barbera C, Simoni D, D'Agostino P, Cillari E. Effects of chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) in sensitive, multidrug resistant and apoptosis resistant leukaemia cell lines. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:306-14. [PMID: 11350867 PMCID: PMC1572778 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently discovered chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) have shown in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative and anti-tumour activities. Here, we evaluated in vitro the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of six different dedimethylamino chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT-1, CMT-3, CMT-5, CMT-6, CMT-7 and CMT-8) in sensitive and multidrug resistant myeloid leukaemia cells (HL60 and HL60R) in vitro. Three of these compounds (CMT-5, CMT-6, CMT-7) showed low cytotoxic activity both in sensitive and in resistant cells, CMT-3 was endowed with a high anti-proliferative activity only in sensitive cells and was moderately effective as apoptosis inducing agent, with an activity similar to that shown by doxycycline. On the contrary, CMT-1 and CMT-8 were very effective as programmed cell death inducing agents. The apoptotic pathway activated by these compounds involved the activation of caspases, especially caspase-9 and, for CMT-1, also the activation of FAS: Interestingly CMT-8, but not CMT-1, was able to induce apoptosis in multidrug resistant HL60R and in Fas-ligand resistant HUT78B1 cell lines. These properties, together with others previously described (e.g. anti-metastatic and anti-osteolytic activities), suggest that CMT-8 may have important applications in the clinical management of cancer. The comparative analysis of structure-activity relationship of CMT-8 and doxycycline suggests that the C-5 hydroxy moiety may play an important role in conferring activity in multidrug resistant cells. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that CMT-8 may represent an interesting lead for the development of a new class of potent apoptosis inducer agents active in multidrug resistant and Fas-ligand resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Divisione di Ematologia e Servizio AIDS, Policlinico Universitario Paolo Giaccone, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Divisione di Ematologia e Servizio AIDS, Policlinico Universitario Paolo Giaccone, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Facolta' di Medicina, Universita' di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Facolta' di Medicina, Universita' di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Ferlazzo
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Facolta' di Medicina, Universita' di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gloria Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Facolta' di Medicina, Universita' di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Barbera
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica e Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera V Cervello, via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facolta' di Farmacia, Universita' di Ferrara, largo Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Agostino
- Servizio di Immunoematologia, Policlinico Universitario Paolo Giaccone, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Cillari
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica e Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera V Cervello, via Trabucco 180, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
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Llavaneras A, Ramamurthy NS, Heikkilä P, Teronen O, Salo T, Rifkin BR, Ryan ME, Golub LM, Sorsa T. A combination of a chemically modified doxycycline and a bisphosphonate synergistically inhibits endotoxin-induced periodontal breakdown in rats. J Periodontol 2001; 72:1069-77. [PMID: 11525440 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemically modified non-antimicrobial tetracyclines (CMTs) have been shown to inhibit pathologically elevated collagenase (and other matrix metalloproteinase, MMP) activity and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro. METHODS In the current study, suboptimal doses of CMT-8 (a non-antimicrobial chemically modified doxycycline) and a bisphosphonate (clodronate, an anti-bone resorption compound) were administered daily, either as a single agent or as a combination therapy, to rats with experimental periodontitis induced by repeated injection of bacterial endotoxin (LPS) into the gingiva. At the end of the 1-week protocol, the gingival tissues were dissected, extracted, and the extracts analyzed for MMPs (collagenases and gelatinases) and for elastase, and the defleshed jaws were morphometrically analyzed for alveolar bone loss. RESULTS LPS injection significantly (P<0.001) increased alveolar bone loss and increased collagenase (MMP-8), gelatinase (MMP-9), and elastase activities. Treatment of the LPS-injected rats with suboptimal CMT-8 alone or suboptimal clodronate alone produced slight reductions in the tissue-destructive proteinases and no significant reductions in alveolar bone loss. However, a combination of suboptimal CMT-8 and clodronate "normalized" the pathologically elevated levels of MMPs, elastase, and alveolar bone loss, indicating synergistic inhibition of tissue breakdown in this animal model of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Combination of a CMT and a bisphosphonate may be a useful treatment to optimally suppress periodontal destruction and tooth loss and in other tissue-destructive inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Llavaneras
- Central University of Venezuela School of Dentistry and School of Pharmacy, Caracas
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Tervahartiala T, Pirilä E, Ceponis A, Maisi P, Salo T, Tuter G, Kallio P, Törnwall J, Srinivas R, Konttinen YT, Sorsa T. The in vivo expression of the collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -8, -13, and -14) and matrilysin (MMP-7) in adult and localized juvenile periodontitis. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1969-77. [PMID: 11201047 DOI: 10.1177/00220345000790120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is characterized by irreversible degradation of periodontal ligament collagen fibers leading to loss of tooth attachment. Cultured gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts express, in vitro, various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which can degrade fibrillar collagens. We hypothesized that several MMPs are also synthesized in vivo by sulcular epithelium, and analyzed the collagenolytic MMPs (MMP-2, -8, -13, and -14) and matrilysin (MMP-7) in gingival tissue specimens and gingival crevicular fluid from adult and localized juvenile periodontitis patients by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Western immunoblotting. MMP-2, -7, -8, and -13 were expressed in gingival sulcular epithelium. MMP-7 and -13 were also located in fibroblasts and macrophages, and MMP-8 in neutrophils. MMP-8- and -13-positive cells/mm2 were higher in periodontitis gingiva when compared with healthy control tissue (p < 0.01). In periodontal diseases, gingival sulcular epithelium expresses several, rather than a single, collagenolytic MMPs, and this proteolytic cascade is evidently responsible for the tissue destruction characteristic of adult and juvenile periodontitis.
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Sorsa T, Mäntylä P, Rönkä H, Kallio P, Kallis GB, Lundqvist C, Kinane DF, Salo T, Golub LM, Teronen O, Tikanoja S. Scientific basis of a matrix metalloproteinase-8 specific chair-side test for monitoring periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 878:130-40. [PMID: 10415725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially collagenase-2 (MMP-8), are key mediators of irreversible tissue destruction associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis. MMP-8 is known to exist in elevated amounts and in active form in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) from progressing periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions and sites, respectively. (Sorsa et al. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 737: 112-131 [1994]; Teronen et al. J. Dent. Res. 76: 1529-1537 [1997]). We have developed monoclonal antibodies to MMP-8 (Hanemaaijer et al. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31504-31509 [1997]) that can be used in a chair-side dipstick test to monitor the course and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibody tests for MMP-8 coincided with the classical functional collagenase activity test from GCF and PISF (Sorsa et al. J. Periodont. Res. 22: 386-393 [1988]) in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. In future a chair-side functional and/or immunological MMP-test can be useful to diagnose and monitor periodontal and peri-implant disease and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sorsa
- Department of Periodontology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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