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Pessoa EDA, Convento MB, Castino B, Leme AM, de Oliveira AS, Aragão A, Fernandes SM, Carbonel A, Dezoti C, Vattimo MDF, Schor N, Borges FT. Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones in the Kidney of Obese Rats Are Mediated by PPAR-Gamma Expression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061624. [PMID: 32492810 PMCID: PMC7352183 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an important association between altered lipid metabolism and the development of kidney injury because of a high-fat diet. Fructose is also closely associated with renal injury. We opted for a combination of fructose and saturated fats in a diet (DH) that is a model known to induce renal damage in order to evaluate whether soy isoflavones could have promising use in the treatment of renal alterations. After two months of ingestion, there was an expansion of visceral fat, which was associated with long-term metabolic disorders, such as sustained hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, polyuria, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, we found a decrease in renal blood flow and an increase in renal vascular resistance. Biochemical markers of chronic kidney disease were detected; there was an infiltration of inflammatory cells with an elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β), the activation of the renin–angiotensin system, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Notably, in rats exposed to the DH diet for 120 days, the concomitant treatment with isoflavones after 60 days was able to revert metabolic parameters, renal alterations, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The beneficial effects of isoflavones in the kidney of the obese rats were found to be mediated by expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson de Andrade Pessoa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Márcia Bastos Convento
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Bianca Castino
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Ala Moana Leme
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Andréia Silva de Oliveira
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Alef Aragão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sheila Marques Fernandes
- Experimentation Laboratory in Animal Model, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (S.M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Adriana Carbonel
- Histology and Structural Biology Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil;
| | - Cassiane Dezoti
- Experimentation Laboratory in Animal Model, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (S.M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Vattimo
- Department Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4242
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Oudot C, Lajoix AD, Jover B, Rugale C. Dietary sodium restriction prevents kidney damage in high fructose-fed rats. Kidney Int 2013; 83:674-83. [PMID: 23344470 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sodium depletion has a protective effect on target-organ damage in hypertension independent of blood pressure. Here we tested whether chronic dietary sodium restriction may prevent the development of renal alterations associated with insulin resistance by reducing the inflammatory and oxidant state. Rats were fed normal-salt-60% fructose, low-salt-60% fructose, or control normal-salt diet for 12 weeks. Insulin resistance induced by high-fructose diet was associated with an increase in albuminuria, tubular and glomerular hypertrophy, and inflammation of kidney and adipose tissue. The low-salt diet improved insulin sensitivity and prevented kidney damage. These beneficial effects of sodium depletion were associated with a decrease in renal inflammation (macrophage infiltration, IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase activity), and a prevention of histologic changes in retroperitoneal fat induced by high fructose. Thus, dietary salt depletion has beneficial effects on renal and metabolic alterations associated with a high-fructose diet in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Oudot
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, FRE3400 CNRS/University, Montpellier, France
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Oudot C, Lajoix AD, Jover B, Rugale C. [Oxydative stress and beneficial effect of sodium restriction on kidney damage associated with insulin resistance in rats]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2012; 61:162-6. [PMID: 22677183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of dietary sodium restriction on metabolic and renal changes associated with insulin resistance. At 8 weeks of age, rats received either a diet containing 60% fructose with or without sodium or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The insulin resistance and albuminuria induced by the high fructose diet were associated with a fibrosis and increase in oxidative stress in the kidney. The low salt diet prevented insulin resistance, renal fibrosis and albuminuria induced by the fructose diet. These beneficial effects on the kidney were associated with a decrease in kidney NADPH oxidase activity. Oxidative status is probably one of the major targets of the favourable effect of salt restriction on renal changes associated with insulin resistance, without excluding the involvement of other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oudot
- Centre de pharmacologie et innovation dans le diabète, FRE 3400 Montpellier, université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Nakayama T, Kosugi T, Gersch M, Connor T, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Lanaspa MA, Roncal C, Perez-Pozo SE, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Dietary fructose causes tubulointerstitial injury in the normal rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F712-20. [PMID: 20071464 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00433.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome is associated with renal disease. We previously reported that a high-fructose diet, but not a high-glucose diet, can induce metabolic syndrome and accelerate chronic renal disease in rats. We now examined the effects of a high-fructose diet on normal rat kidneys. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were pair fed a special diet containing 60% fructose, 60% glucose, or control standard rat chow for 6 wk, and then histological studies were performed. The effect of fructose to induce cell proliferation in cultured proximal tubular cells was also performed. Fructose diet, but not glucose diet, significantly increased kidney weight by 6 wk. The primary finding was tubular hyperplasia and proliferation involving all segments of the proximal tubules while glomerular changes were not observed. This is the same site where the fructose transporters (GLUT2 and -5) as well as the key enzyme in fructose metabolism (ketohexokinase) were expressed. Consistently, fructose also induced proliferation of rat proximal tubular cells in culture. In vivo, tubular proliferation was also associated with focal tubular injury, with type III collagen deposition in the interstitium, an increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts, and an increase in macrophage infiltration. In conclusion, a high-fructose diet induces cell proliferation and hyperplasia in proximal tubules, perhaps via a direct metabolic effect. The effect is independent of total energy intake and is associated with focal tubulointerstitial injury. These studies may provide a mechanism by which metabolic syndrome causes renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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