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Polido SA, Stuani C, Voigt A, Banik P, Kamps J, Bader V, Grover P, Krause LJ, Zerr I, Matschke J, Glatzel M, Winklhofer KF, Buratti E, Tatzelt J. Cross-seeding by prion protein inactivates TDP-43. Brain 2024; 147:240-254. [PMID: 37669322 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A common pathological denominator of various neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein aggregates. Neurotoxic effects are caused by a loss of the physiological activity of the aggregating protein and/or a gain of toxic function of the misfolded protein conformers. In transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases, neurodegeneration is caused by aberrantly folded isoforms of the prion protein (PrP). However, it is poorly understood how pathogenic PrP conformers interfere with neuronal viability. Employing in vitro approaches, cell culture, animal models and patients' brain samples, we show that misfolded PrP can induce aggregation and inactivation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). Purified PrP aggregates interact with TDP-43 in vitro and in cells and induce the conversion of soluble TDP-43 into non-dynamic protein assemblies. Similarly, mislocalized PrP conformers in the cytosol bind to and sequester TDP-43 in cytosolic aggregates. As a consequence, TDP-43-dependent splicing activity in the nucleus is significantly decreased, leading to altered protein expression in cells with cytosolic PrP aggregates. Finally, we present evidence for cytosolic TDP-43 aggregates in neurons of transgenic flies expressing mammalian PrP and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients. Our study identified a novel mechanism of how aberrant PrP conformers impair physiological pathways by cross-seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Polido
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cristiana Stuani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Papiya Banik
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Janine Kamps
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Prerna Grover
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura J Krause
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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2
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Banerjee G, Collinge J, Fox NC, Lashley T, Mead S, Schott JM, Werring DJ, Ryan NS. Clinical considerations in early-onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain 2023; 146:3991-4014. [PMID: 37280119 PMCID: PMC10545523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important cerebral small vessel disease associated with brain haemorrhage and cognitive change. The commonest form, sporadic amyloid-β CAA, usually affects people in mid- to later life. However, early-onset forms, though uncommon, are increasingly recognized and may result from genetic or iatrogenic causes that warrant specific and focused investigation and management. In this review, we firstly describe the causes of early-onset CAA, including monogenic causes of amyloid-β CAA (APP missense mutations and copy number variants; mutations of PSEN1 and PSEN2) and non-amyloid-β CAA (associated with ITM2B, CST3, GSN, PRNP and TTR mutations), and other unusual sporadic and acquired causes including the newly-recognized iatrogenic subtype. We then provide a structured approach for investigating early-onset CAA, and highlight important management considerations. Improving awareness of these unusual forms of CAA amongst healthcare professionals is essential for facilitating their prompt diagnosis, and an understanding of their underlying pathophysiology may have implications for more common, late-onset, forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Banerjee
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, W1 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at University College London (UCL), Institute of Prion Diseases, UCL, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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3
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Diaz A, Martin-Jimenez C, Woo Y, Merino P, Torre E, Yepes M. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Triggers Wingless/Int1-Independent Phosphorylation of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 in Cerebral Cortical Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:877-891. [PMID: 35964187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine proteinase found in excitatory synapses located in the II/III and V cortical layers. The synaptic release of uPA promotes the formation of synaptic contacts and the repair of synapses damaged by various forms of injury, and its abundance is decreased in the synapse of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Inactivation of the Wingless/Int1 (Wnt)-β-catenin pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD. Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) prevents the phosphorylation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), and the resultant inactivation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway prompts the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and causes synaptic loss. OBJECTIVE To study the role of neuronal uPA in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS We used in vitro cultures of murine cerebral cortical neurons, a murine neuroblastoma cell line transfected with the APP-695 Swedish mutation (N2asw), and mice deficient on either plasminogen, or uPA, or its receptor (uPAR). RESULTS We show that uPA activates the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in cerebral cortical neurons by triggering the phosphorylation of LRP6 via a plasmin-independent mechanism that does not require binding of Wnt ligands (Wnts). Our data indicate that uPA-induced activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway protects the synapse from the harmful effects of soluble Aβ and prevents the amyloidogenic processing of AβPP by inhibiting the expression of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and the ensuing generation of Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 peptides. CONCLUSION uPA protects the synapse and antagonizes the inhibitory effect of soluble Aβ on the Wnt-β-catenin pathway by providing an alternative pathway for LRP6 phosphorylation and β-catenin stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Diaz
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yena Woo
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paola Merino
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Enrique Torre
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Dong L, Liu C, Sha L, Mao C, Li J, Huang X, Wang J, Chu S, Peng B, Cui L, Xu Q, Gao J. PSEN2 Mutation Spectrum and Novel Functionally Validated Mutations in Alzheimer’s Disease: Data from PUMCH Dementia Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1549-1556. [PMID: 35491795 PMCID: PMC9277672 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The established causative mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 can explain less than 1%,Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Of the identified variants, the PSEN2 mutations are even less common. Objective: With the genetic study from the dementia cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), we aim to illustrate the PSEN2 mutation spectrum and novel functionally validated mutations in Chinese AD patients. Methods: 702 AD participants, aged 30–85, were identified in PUMCH dementia cohort. They all received history inquiry, physical examination, biochemical test, cognitive evaluation, brain CT/MRI, and next-generation DNA sequencing. Functional analysis was achieved by transfection of the HEK293 cells with plasmids harboring the wild-type PSEN2 or candidate mutations. Results: Nine PSEN2 rare variants were found, including two reported (M239T, R62C) and seven novel variants (N141S, I368F, L396I, G117X, I146T, S147N, H220Y). The HEK293 cells transfected with the PSEN2 N141S, M239T, I368F plasmids showed higher Aβ 42 and Aβ 42/Aβ 40 levels relative to the wild-type PSEN2. The PSEN2 L396I, G117X, S147N, H220Y, and R62C did not alter Aβ 42, Aβ 40 levels, or Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio. 1.9%,(13/702) subjects harbored rare PSEN2 variants. 0.4%,(3/702) subjects carried pathogenic/likely pathogenic PSEN2 mutations. The three subjects with the functionally validated PSEN2 mutations were all familial early-onset AD patients. The common symptoms included amnesia and mental symptom. Additionally, the M239T mutation carrier presented with dressing apraxia, visuospatial agraphia, dyscalculia and visual mislocalization. Conclusion: The PSEN2 N141S, M239T, and I368F are functionally validated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Dong
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Longze Sha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Huang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Neurology Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Fuentes M, Schipke CG, Freiesleben SD, Klostermann A, Peters O. Presenilin 1 Gene Mutation (M139V) in a German Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Report. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:521-530. [PMID: 34427587 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes a 44-year-old German male with early-onset Alzheimer's disease as a result of a M139V presenilin 1 mutation. The patient has at least seven affected family members, spanning at least four generations. METHOD We performed a complete demographic, genetic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, neuroradiological, and neuropathological characterizations of this patient. The findings were compared with previous reports of patients with the same mutation. Demographic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, neuroradiological, and neuropathological data from several affected members of the patient's family were also addressed. RESULTS We describe similarities shared with other cases, including age at onset, rapid disease progression, severe deficits in arithmetic and visuo-constructive abilities with relative preservation of naming skills, and the presence of predominant frontal behavioral symptoms. Differences with respect to previously described cases, including the absence of positive neurological or radiological findings, psychotic symptoms, or a depressive disorder, are also identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity in symptoms between affected patients from the same or from different families suggests that individual, genetic, or epigenetic factors most likely modulate the phenotype of patients carrying the M139V mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola G Schipke
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Klostermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
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6
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Munoz-Montesino C, Larkem D, Barbereau C, Igel-Egalon A, Truchet S, Jacquet E, Nhiri N, Moudjou M, Sizun C, Rezaei H, Béringue V, Dron M. A seven-residue deletion in PrP leads to generation of a spontaneous prion formed from C-terminal C1 fragment of PrP. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14025-14039. [PMID: 32788216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions result from a drastic conformational change of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP), leading to the formation of β-sheet-rich, insoluble, and protease-resistant self-replicating assemblies (PrPSc). The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in spontaneous prion formation in sporadic and inherited human prion diseases or equivalent animal diseases are poorly understood, in part because cell models of spontaneously forming prions are currently lacking. Here, extending studies on the role of the H2 α-helix C terminus of PrP, we found that deletion of the highly conserved 190HTVTTTT196 segment of ovine PrP led to spontaneous prion formation in the RK13 rabbit kidney cell model. On long-term passage, the mutant cells stably produced proteinase K (PK)-resistant, insoluble, and aggregated assemblies that were infectious for naïve cells expressing either the mutant protein or other PrPs with slightly different deletions in the same area. The electrophoretic pattern of the PK-resistant core of the spontaneous prion (ΔSpont) contained mainly C-terminal polypeptides akin to C1, the cell-surface anchored C-terminal moiety of PrP generated by natural cellular processing. RK13 cells expressing solely the Δ190-196 C1 PrP construct, in the absence of the full-length protein, were susceptible to ΔSpont prions. ΔSpont infection induced the conversion of the mutated C1 into a PK-resistant and infectious form perpetuating the biochemical characteristics of ΔSpont prion. In conclusion, this work provides a unique cell-derived system generating spontaneous prions and provides evidence that the 113 C-terminal residues of PrP are sufficient for a self-propagating prion entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Munoz-Montesino
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Djabir Larkem
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clément Barbereau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Angélique Igel-Egalon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sandrine Truchet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naïma Nhiri
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mohammed Moudjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christina Sizun
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Human Rezaei
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Béringue
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Dron
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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7
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Abstract
Genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been classified as genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, or fatal familial insomnia. Mutations in PRNP can be missense, nonsense, and/or octapeptide repeat insertions or, possibly, deletions. These mutations can produce diverse clinical features. They may also show varying ancillary testing results and neuropathological findings. Although the majority of gPrDs have a rapid progression with a short survival time of a few months, many also present as ataxic or parkinsonian disorders, which have a slower decline over a few to several years. A few very rare mutations manifest as neuropsychiatric disorders, with systemic symptoms that include gastrointestinal disorders and neuropathy; these forms can progress over years to decades. In this review, we classify gPrDs as rapid, slow, or mixed types based on their typical rate of progression and duration, and we review the broad spectrum of phenotypes manifested by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ohk Kim
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Leonel T Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Katherine Wong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sven A Forner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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8
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Fong JC, Rojas JC, Bang J, Legati A, Rankin KP, Forner S, Miller ZA, Karydas AM, Coppola G, Grouse CK, Ralph J, Miller BL, Geschwind MD. Genetic Prion Disease Caused by PRNP Q160X Mutation Presenting with an Orbitofrontal Syndrome, Cyclic Diarrhea, and Peripheral Neuropathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:249-258. [PMID: 27716661 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pathogenic truncating mutations in the prion gene (PRNP) usually present with prolonged disease courses with severe neurofibrillary tangle and cerebral amyloidosis pathology, but more atypical phenotypes also occur, including those with dysautonomia and peripheral neuropathy. We describe the neurological, cognitive, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological features of a 31-year-old man presenting with an orbitofrontal syndrome, gastrointestinal symptoms, and peripheral neuropathy associated with PRNP Q160X nonsense mutation, with symptom onset at age 27. The mutation was also detected in his asymptomatic father and a symptomatic paternal cousin; several members of prior generations died from early onset dementia. This is the first report of a family affected with the nonsense PRNP mutation Q160X displaying clear autosomal dominant disease in multiple family members and reduced penetrance. This case strengthens the evidence suggesting an association between PRNP truncating mutations and prion systemic amyloidosis. PRNP gene testing should be considered in any patient with atypical dementia, especially with early onset and neuropathy, even in the absence of a family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Fong
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jee Bang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Legati
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sven Forner
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie K Grouse
- Department of Neurology, Spine & Nerve EMG Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ralph
- Department of Neurology, Spine & Nerve EMG Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Abstract
Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is associated with mutations in the human PrP gene (PRNP) on chromosome 20p12-pter. Pathogenic mutations have been identified in 10-15% of all CJD patients, who often have a family history of autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance and variable penetrance. However, the use of genetic tests implemented by surveillance networks all over the world increasingly identifies unexpectedly PRNP mutations in persons apparently presenting with a sporadic form of CJD. A high phenotypic variability was reported in genetic prion diseases, which partly overlap with the features of sporadic CJD. Here we review recent advances on the epidemiologic, clinical, and neuropathologic features of cases that phenotypically resemble CJD linked to point and insert mutations of the PRNP gene. Multidisciplinary studies are still required to understand the phenotypic spectrum, penetrance, and significance of PRNP mutations.
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10
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Takada LT, Kim MO, Metcalf S, Gala II, Geschwind MD. Prion disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:441-464. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Takada LT, Kim MO, Cleveland RW, Wong K, Forner SA, Gala II, Fong JC, Geschwind MD. Genetic prion disease: Experience of a rapidly progressive dementia center in the United States and a review of the literature. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:36-69. [PMID: 27943639 PMCID: PMC7207989 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although prion diseases are generally thought to present as rapidly progressive dementias with survival of only a few months, the phenotypic spectrum for genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) is much broader. The majority have a rapid decline with short survival, but many patients with gPrDs present as slowly progressive ataxic or parkinsonian disorders with progression over a few to several years. A few very rare mutations even present as neuropsychiatric disorders, sometimes with systemic symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorders and neuropathy, progressing over years to decades. gPrDs are caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), and have been historically classified based on their clinicopathological features as genetic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (gJCD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS), or Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI). Mutations in PRNP can be missense, nonsense, and octapeptide repeat insertions or a deletion, and present with diverse clinical features, sensitivities of ancillary testing, and neuropathological findings. We present the UCSF gPrD cohort, including 129 symptomatic patients referred to and/or seen at UCSF between 2001 and 2016, and compare the clinical features of the gPrDs from 22 mutations identified in our cohort with data from the literature, as well as perform a literature review on most other mutations not represented in our cohort. E200K is the most common mutation worldwide, is associated with gJCD, and was the most common in the UCSF cohort. Among the GSS-associated mutations, P102L is the most commonly reported and was also the most common at UCSF. We also had several octapeptide repeat insertions (OPRI), a rare nonsense mutation (Q160X), and three novel mutations (K194E, E200G, and A224V) in our UCSF cohort. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel T. Takada
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mee-Ohk Kim
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Ross W. Cleveland
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Vermont Children’s Hospital, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401
| | - Katherine Wong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Sven A. Forner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Ignacio Illán Gala
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamie C. Fong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Michael D. Geschwind
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
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Li B. The pathogenesis of soluble PrP fragments containing Aβ binding sites. Virus Res 2015; 211:194-8. [PMID: 26528810 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prion protein (PrP) has proven to bind amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers with high affinity, changing our understanding of both prion diseases (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the molecular and phenotypic levels, although the latter currently lacks sufficient attentions. Transgenic mice expressing anchorless PrP developed unusual diseases reminiscent of AD with tremendous amyloid plaque formation. In this review, we described two interesting observations at the phenotypic level. First, common pathogenic mutations of the PRNP gene in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome were clustered at PrP95-105. Meanwhile, all nonsense PRNP mutations that generated soluble PrP 95-105 exhibited phenotypes with abundant amyloid formations. We speculate that PrP-Aβ oligomers binding might be the underlying mechanism of the predominant amyloid phenotypes. Second, soluble PrP-Aβ oligomer complexes might exist in the extracellular space at the beginning of both PD and AD and subserve an initial neuroprotective function. Thus, the diseases would only present after long-term accumulation. This might be the central common pathogenic event of both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiya Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Shi Q, Zhou W, Chen C, Zhang BY, Xiao K, Zhang XC, Shen XJ, Li Q, Deng LQ, Dong JH, Lin WQ, Huang P, Jiang WJ, Lv J, Han J, Dong XP. The Features of Genetic Prion Diseases Based on Chinese Surveillance Program. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139552. [PMID: 26488179 PMCID: PMC4619501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the features of Chinese genetic prion diseases. Methods Suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases that were reported under CJD surveillance were diagnosed and subtyped using the diagnostic criteria issued by the WHO. The general information concerning the patient, their clinical, MRI and EEG data, and the results of CSF 14-3-3 and PRNP sequencing were carefully collected from the database of the national CJD surveillance program and analyzed using the SPSS 11.5 statistical software program. Results Since 2006, 69 patients were diagnosed with genetic prion diseases and as having 15 different mutations. The median age of the 69 patients at disease onset was 53.5 years, varying from 19 to 80 years. The majority of patients displaying clinical symptoms were in the 50–59 years of age. FFI, T188K gCJD and E200K were the three most common subtypes. The disease appeared in the family histories of 43.48% of the patients. The clinical manifestations varied considerably among the various diseases. Patients who carried mutations in the N-terminus displayed a younger age of onset, were CSF 14-3-3 negative, had a family history of the condition, and experienced a longer duration of the condition. The clinical courses of T188K were significantly shorter than those of FFI and E200K gCJD, while the symptoms in the FFI group appeared at a younger age and for a longer duration. Moreover, the time intervals between the initial neurologist visit to the final diagnosis were similar among patients with FFI, T188K gCJD, E200K gCJD and other diseases. Conclusion The features of Chinese genetic prion diseases are different from those seen in Europe and other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Chun Zhang
- Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shen
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- An hui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Quan Deng
- Department of infectious disease control and Prevention, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Hua Dong
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Qing Lin
- Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dashing Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Deptartment of Acute Communicable Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Jia Jiang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, GuiZhou province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, GuiZhou, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Tianjin Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Hua Yue Street, Hedong District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Guerreiro R, Brás J, Wojtas A, Rademakers R, Hardy J, Graff-Radford N. Nonsense mutation in PRNP associated with clinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2656.e13-2656.e16. [PMID: 24958194 PMCID: PMC4175176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a nonsense haplotype in PRNP associated with clinical Alzheimer's disease. The patient presented an early-onset of cognitive decline with memory loss as the primary cognitive problem. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation in PRNP (NM_000311, c.C478T; p.Q160*; rs80356711) associated with homozygosity for the V allele at position 129 of the protein, further highlighting how very similar genotypes in PRNP result in strikingly different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - José Brás
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England.
| | - Neill Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Chen C, Wang JC, Shi Q, Zhou W, Zhang XM, Zhang J, Tian C, Gao C, Dong XP. Analyses of the survival time and the influencing factors of chinese patients with prion diseases based on the surveillance data from 2008-2011. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62553. [PMID: 23671608 PMCID: PMC3645993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prion diseases are kinds of progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disorders. So far, survival time of the patients with these diseases in China is unclear. Methods Based upon the surveillance data from Chinese Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) surveillance network from January 2008 to December 2011, a retrospective follow-up survey was performed. The survival times of Chinese patients with prion diseases and the possible influencing factors were analyzed. Results Median survival time of 121 deceased patients was 7.1 months, while those for sporadic CJD (sCJD), familial CJD (fCJD) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) cases were 6.1, 3.1 and 8.2 months, respectively. 74.0% of sCJD patients, 100% of fCJD cases and 91.7% FFI cases died within one year. The general socio-demographic factors, abnormalities in clinical examinations, clinical manifestations, and social factors did not significantly influence the survival times of Chinese prion patients. Conclusions Survival time of Chinese patients with prion diseases was comparable with that of many Western countries, but obviously shorter than that of Japan. Patients with acute onset and rapid progression had significantly short survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Wang
- Division of Science and Technology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Chen C, Shi Q, Zhou W, Zhang XC, Dong JH, Hu XQ, Song XN, Liu AF, Tian C, Wang JC, Gao C, Zhang J, Han J, Dong XP. Clinical and familial characteristics of eight Chinese patients with T188K genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 14:120-4. [PMID: 23261545 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eight cases of rare genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with a mutation T188K in PRNP have been identified and diagnosed genetically in China since 2006. Among the eight cases, the median age of disease onset was 58years old (ranging from 39 to 76years old). Progressive dementia and pyramidal or extrapyramidal dysfunction appeared in all cases and lasted during the entire clinical course. Myoclonus and visual or cerebellar disturbances were also frequently observed. The median duration of disease was 3months. Cerebral MRI findings revealed high caudate and putamen signals in four out of eight cases. CSF in six out of eight patients tested positive for the 14-3-3 protein. Only one case showed periodic sharp-waves (PSW) in EEG. Most cases lacked a family history of associated diseases, though one patient's mother died of a neurologic disorder without a definite diagnosis. Our data reveal that Chinese T188K gCJD cases have clinical characteristics similar to that of sporadic CJD (sCJD). Compared with other inherited prion disease-associated mutations in China, the genetic frequencies of T188K in PRNP of Han-Chinese are relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
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Striebel JF, Race B, Meade-White KD, LaCasse R, Chesebro B. Strain specific resistance to murine scrapie associated with a naturally occurring human prion protein polymorphism at residue 171. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002275. [PMID: 21980292 PMCID: PMC3182929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders associated with conversion of normal host prion protein (PrP) to a misfolded, protease-resistant form (PrPres). Genetic variations of prion protein in humans and animals can alter susceptibility to both familial and infectious prion diseases. The N171S PrP polymorphism is found mainly in humans of African descent, but its low incidence has precluded study of its possible influence on prion disease. Similar to previous experiments of others, for laboratory studies we created a transgenic model expressing the mouse PrP homolog, PrP-170S, of human PrP-171S. Since PrP polymorphisms can vary in their effects on different TSE diseases, we tested these mice with four different strains of mouse-adapted scrapie. Whereas 22L and ME7 scrapie strains induced typical clinical disease, neuropathology and accumulation of PrPres in all transgenic mice at 99-128 average days post-inoculation, strains RML and 79A produced clinical disease and PrPres formation in only a small subset of mice at very late times. When mice expressing both PrP-170S and PrP-170N were inoculated with RML scrapie, dominant-negative inhibition of disease did not occur, possibly because interaction of strain RML with PrP-170S was minimal. Surprisingly, in vitro PrP conversion using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), did not reproduce the in vivo findings, suggesting that the resistance noted in live mice might be due to factors or conditions not present in vitro. These findings suggest that in vivo conversion of PrP-170S by RML and 79A scrapie strains was slow and inefficient. PrP-170S mice may be an example of the conformational selection model where the structure of some prion strains does not favor interactions with PrP molecules expressing certain polymorphisms. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases are infectious fatal neurological diseases that affect many mammals, including humans. In these diseases a misfolded form of host prion protein (PrP) leads to brain degeneration and death. The genetic code of PrP in individual animals or humans has minor variations, which in some cases are associated with altered susceptibility to disease. In humans a variation at residue 171 (N171S) has been found in people mainly of African descent. However, due to the low incidence of the variation and difficult accessibility of these individuals, studies of prion diseases in these populations have not been carried out. Therefore, to create a laboratory animal model to study the effect of this variation on prion diseases, we generated transgenic mice expressing the mouse version of the human PrP variation at residue 171. We then studied the susceptibility of these mice to 4 strains of mouse-adapted scrapie. In our experiments these transgenic mice were uniquely resistant to two scrapie strains, but showed high sensitivity to two others. This resistance appeared to be related to a slow or inefficient generation of the aggregated disease-associated form of PrP in these mice, and was not duplicated using in vitro assays. In summary, transgenic mice expressing this variant PrP provide an interesting model to study differences among prion strains and their interactions with PrP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Striebel
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases and Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases and Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kimberly D. Meade-White
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases and Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Rachel LaCasse
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases and Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases and Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Polymenidou M, Prokop S, Jung HH, Hewer E, Peretz D, Moos R, Tolnay M, Aguzzi A. Atypical prion protein conformation in familial prion disease with PRNP P105T mutation. Brain Pathol 2010; 21:209-14. [PMID: 20875062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-resistant prion protein (PrP(Sc) ) is diagnostic of prion disease, yet its detection is frequently difficult. Here, we describe a patient with a PRNP P105T mutation and typical familial prion disease. Brain PrP(Sc) was undetectable by conventional Western blotting and barely detectable after phosphotungstate precipitation, where it displayed an atypical pattern suggestive of noncanonical conformation. Therefore, we used a novel misfolded protein assay (MPA) that detects PrP aggregates independently of their protease resistance. The MPA revealed the presence of aggregated PrP in similar amounts as in typical sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These findings suggest that measurements of PrP aggregation with the MPA may be potentially more sensitive than protease-based methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Polymenidou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich and Basel, Switzerland
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Gelpi E, Heinzl H, Höftberger R, Unterberger U, Ströbel T, Voigtländer T, Drobna E, Jarius C, Lang S, Waldhör T, Bernheimer H, Budka H. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Austria: An Autopsy-Controlled Study. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 30:215-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000126915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Rademakers R, Cruts M, Dermaut B, Sleegers K, Rosso SM, Van den Broeck M, Backhovens H, van Swieten J, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C. Tau negative frontal lobe dementia at 17q21: significant finemapping of the candidate region to a 4.8 cM interval. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 7:1064-74. [PMID: 12476321 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2002] [Revised: 04/25/2002] [Accepted: 05/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a genome-wide search in a four-generation pedigree with autosomal dominant early-onset dementia (mean onset age: 64.9 years, range 53-79 years). In this family we previously excluded the known Alzheimer's disease genes based on linkage analysis and mutation screening of the amyloid precursor protein gene (exons 16 and 17) and the presenilin 1 and 2 genes. In addition we excluded mutations in the prion protein gene and exons 9-13 of the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. We obtained conclusive linkage with chromosome 17q21 markers with a maximum multi-point LOD score of 5.51 at D17S951 and identified a candidate region of 4.8 cM between D17S1787 and D17S958 containing MAPT. Recent clinical and neuropathological follow-up of the family showed that the phenotype most closely resembled frontotemporal dementia (FTD) characterized by dense ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions that were tau negative. Extensive mutation analysis of MAPT identified 38 sequence variations in exons, introns, untranslated regions and the 5' regulatory sequence, however none was comprised within the disease haplotype. Although our findings do not entirely exclude a mutation in a yet unanalyzed region of MAPT, the apparent absence of MAPT mutations combined with the lack of tau pathology is highly suggestive for another defective gene at 17q21 responsible for FTD in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rademakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerpen, Belgium
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Klünemann HH, Fronhöfer W, Wurster H, Fischer W, Ibach B, Klein HE. Alzheimer's second patient: Johann F. and his family. Ann Neurol 2002; 52:520-3. [PMID: 12325085 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alois Alzheimer evaluated five cases of Alzheimer's disease in the early 20th century. We focused on the family of "Johann F.," Alzheimer's second patient, who died in October 1910 at age 57 years, and whose brain pathology is typical of a subgroup of Alzheimer's disease, the so-called "plaque-only type." It was perhaps Emil Kraepelin's personal knowledge of this patient and the histological data of the other four cases that influenced Kraepelin to coin the term Alzheimer's disease. The church archive in Passau has a genealogical database drawn from sacramental registers dating from approximately 1580 to 1900. The genealogical data of the "Johann F." family, which comes from villages in Lower Bavaria, extends as far back as 1670. We found documentation starting around 1830 about cause of death in the church records, which shows a familial predisposition to dementia. Affected family members include the mother, maternal grandfather, maternal great-aunt, maternal great-grandfather as well as three of Johann F.'s eight siblings. The offspring (children and grandchildren) of these affected siblings also were affected by mental illness. We conclude that "Johann F." represents the index case of a family with a predisposition to presenile dementia with variable age of onset (30s to 60s).
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