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Scavello F, Mutschler A, Hellé S, Schneider F, Chasserot-Golaz S, Strub JM, Cianferani S, Haikel Y, Metz-Boutigue MH. Catestatin in innate immunity and Cateslytin-derived peptides against superbugs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15615. [PMID: 34341386 PMCID: PMC8329280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is the precursor of several antimicrobial peptides, such as Catestatin (Cts, bovine CgA344-364), initially described as a potent inhibitor of catecholamines. This peptide displays direct antimicrobial activities and contributes to immune system regulation. The aim of the present study is to investigate a designed peptide based on Cts to fight infections against superbugs and more particularly Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to Cateslytin (Ctl, bovine CgA344-358), the active domain of Catestatin, several peptides including dimers, D-isomer and the new designed peptide DOPA-K-DOPA-K-DOPA-TLRGGE-RSMRLSFRARGYGFR (Dopa5T-Ctl) were prepared and tested. Cateslytin is resistant to bacterial degradation and does not induce bacterial resistance. The interaction of Catestatin with immune dermal cells (dendritic cells DC1a, dermal macrophages CD14 and macrophages) was analyzed by using confocal microscopy and cytokine release assay. The dimers and D-isomer of Ctl were tested against a large variety of bacteria showing the potent antibacterial activity of the D-isomer. The peptide Dopa5T-Ctl is able to induce the self-killing of S. aureus after release of Ctl by the endoprotease Glu-C produced by this pathogen. It permits localized on-demand delivery of the antimicrobial drug directly at the infectious site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Scavello
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Angela Mutschler
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Hellé
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Francis Schneider
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hautepierre Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Strasbourg, Federation of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvette Chasserot-Golaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Sciences Department, Pluridisciplinary Institute Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Sciences Department, Pluridisciplinary Institute Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue
- BioMaterials and BioEngeneering, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1121, Federation of Translational Medicine Faculty, of Odontology, University of Strasbourg, Hôpital Civil, Porte de L'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Estévez-Herrera J, González-Santana A, Baz-Dávila R, Machado JD, Borges R. The intravesicular cocktail and its role in the regulation of exocytosis. J Neurochem 2016; 137:897-903. [PMID: 26990968 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of neurotransmitters within secretory vesicles (SVs) far exceeds the theoretical tonic concentrations in the cytosol, a phenomenon that has captivated the attention of scientists for decades. For instance, chromaffin granules can accumulate close to molar concentrations of catecholamines, along with many other products like ATP, calcium, peptides, chromogranins, ascorbate, and other nucleotides. In this short review, we will summarize the interactions that are currently believed to occur between the elements that make up the vesicular cocktail in the acidic environment of SVs, and how they permit the accumulation of such high concentrations of certain components. In addition, we will examine how the vesicular cocktail regulates the exocytosis of neurotransmitters. In this review, we have highlighted the mechanisms that permit the storage of neurotransmitters and hormones inside secretory vesicles. We also have proposed a novel model based in the intravesicular interactions of the main components of this inner cocktail - catecholamines, ATP, and chromogranins - to allow the accumulation of near molar concentrations of transmitters in secretory vesicles. This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebeca Baz-Dávila
- Pharmacology Unit, University of La Laguna Medical School, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José D Machado
- Pharmacology Unit, University of La Laguna Medical School, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Borges
- Pharmacology Unit, University of La Laguna Medical School, Tenerife, Spain
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Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Li C, Sofowora GG, Muszkat M, Friedman EA, Solus JF, Wood AJJ, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Catecholamine pathway gene variation is associated with norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations at rest and after exercise. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 22:254-60. [PMID: 22258110 PMCID: PMC3303991 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328350a274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that genetic variation in enzymes and transporters associated with synthesis, storage, release, and metabolism of catecholamines contributes to the interindividual variability in plasma catecholamine concentrations at rest and after exercise. METHODS We measured plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine concentrations at rest and after a standardized exercise protocol in 165 healthy individuals (60% White, 40% African-American) and examined 29 functional or common variants in 14 genes involved in synthesis, transport, or metabolism of catecholamines. We examined the relationship between genotypes and NE concentrations at rest and the increase after exercise (ΔNE) by multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates [age, race, sex, BMI, fitness, and resting NE (for ΔNE)]. As a secondary outcome, we carried out similar analyses for epinephrine concentrations. RESULTS There was large interindividual variability in resting NE (mean, 204±102 pg/ml; range, 39-616 pg/ml) and ΔNE (mean, 256±206 pg/ml; range, -97 to 953 pg/ml). Resting NE was significantly associated with variants of four genes: CYB561 (P<0.001), VMAT2 (P=0.016), CHGA (P=0.039), and PNMT (P=0.038). ΔNE after exercise was associated with three variants of PNMT (P=0.041) and COMT (P=0.033 and 0.035), and resting and exercise epinephrine concentrations were associated with two variants each. CONCLUSION The findings of this exploratory study suggest that variation in catecholamine pathway genes contributes to the interindividual variability in plasma NE and epinephrine concentrations at rest and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi V Ghimire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Majewski Ł, Sobczak M, Wasik A, Skowronek K, Rędowicz MJ. Myosin VI in PC12 cells plays important roles in cell migration and proliferation but not in catecholamine secretion. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:291-302. [PMID: 22105702 PMCID: PMC3230755 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myosin VI (MVI) is the only known myosin walking towards minus end of actin filaments and is believed to play distinct role(s) than other myosins. We addressed a role of this unique motor in secretory PC12 cells, derived from rat adrenal medulla pheochromocytoma using cell lines with reduced MVI synthesis (produced by means of siRNA). Decrease of MVI expression caused severe changes in cell size and morphology, and profound defects in actin cytoskeleton organization and Golgi structure. Also, significant inhibition of cell migration as well as cell proliferation was observed. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MVI-deficient cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle but did not undergo increased senescence as compared with control cells. Also, neither polyploidy nor aneuploidy were detected. Surprisingly, no significant effect on noradrenaline secretion was observed. These data indicate that in PC12 cells MVI is involved in cell migration and proliferation but is not crucial for stimulation-dependent catecholamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Papewalis C, Kouatchoua C, Ehlers M, Jacobs B, Porwol D, Schinner S, Willenberg HS, Anlauf M, Raffel A, Eisenhofer G, Neumann HPH, Bornstein SR, Scherbaum WA, Schott M. Chromogranin A as potential target for immunotherapy of malignant pheochromocytoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 335:69-77. [PMID: 20600588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no effective treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma exists. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of chromogranin A (CgA) as a specific target molecule for immunotherapy in a murine model for pheochromocytoma. Six amino acid-modified and non-modified CgA peptides were used for dendritic cell vaccination. Altogether, 50 mice received two different CgA vaccination protocols; another 20 animals served as controls. In vitro tetramer analyses revealed large increases of CgA-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in CgA-treated mice. Tumors of exogenous applied pheochromocytoma cells showed an extensive infiltration by CD8+ T cells. In vitro, CTL of CgA-treated mice exhibited strong MHC I restricted lysis capacities towards pheochromocytoma cells. Importantly, these mice showed strongly diminished outgrowth of liver tumors of applied pheochromocytoma cells. Our data clearly demonstrate that CgA peptide-based immunotherapy induces a cytotoxic immune response in experimental pheochromocytoma, indicating potential for therapeutic applications in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Papewalis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Lo KY, Kuzmin A, Unger SM, Petersen JD, Silverman MA. KIF1A is the primary anterograde motor protein required for the axonal transport of dense-core vesicles in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2011; 491:168-73. [PMID: 21256924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are responsible for transporting, processing, and secreting neuropeptide cargos that mediate a wide range of biological processes, including neuronal development, survival, and learning and memory. DCVs are synthesized in the cell body and are transported by kinesin motor proteins along microtubules to pre- and postsynaptic release sites. Due to the dependence on kinesin-based transport, we sought to determine if the kinesin-3 family member, KIF1A, transports DCVs in primary cultured hippocampal neurons, as has been described for invertebrate neurons. Two-color, live-cell imaging showed that the DCV markers, chromogranin A-RFP and BDNF-RFP, move together with KIF1A-GFP in both the anterograde and retrograde directions. To demonstrate a functional role for KIF1A in DCV transport, motor protein expression in neurons was reduced using RNA interference (shRNA). Fluorescently tagged DCV markers showed a significant reduction in organelle flux in cells expressing shRNA against KIF1A. The transport of cargo driven by motors other than KIF1A, including mitochondria and the transferrin receptor, was unaffected in KIF1A shRNA expressing cells. Taken together, these data support a primary role for KIF1A in the anterograde transport of DCVs in mammalian neurons, and also provide evidence that KIF1A remains associated with DCVs during retrograde DCV transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Gauthier DJ, Sobota JA, Ferraro F, Mains RE, Lazure C. Flow cytometry-assisted purification and proteomic analysis of the corticotropes dense-core secretory granules. Proteomics 2008; 8:3848-61. [PMID: 18704904 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The field of organellar proteomics has emerged as an attempt to minimize the complexity of the proteomics data obtained from whole cell and tissue extracts while maximizing the resolution on the protein composition of a single subcellular compartment. Standard methods involve lengthy density-based gradient and/or immunoaffinity purification steps followed by extraction, 1-DE or 2-DE, gel staining, in-gel tryptic digestion, and protein identification by MS. In this paper, we present an alternate approach to purify subcellular organelles containing a fluorescent reporter molecule. The gel-free procedure involves fluorescence-assisted sorting of the secretory granules followed by gentle extraction in a buffer compatible with tryptic digestion and MS. Once the subcellular organelle labeled, this procedure can be done in a single day, requires no major modification to any instrumentation and can be readily adapted to the study of other organelles. When applied to corticotrope secretory granules, it led to a much enriched granular fraction from which numerous proteins could be identified through MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gauthier
- Neuropeptides Structure and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Harper JM, Huynh MH, Coppens I, Parussini F, Moreno S, Carruthers VB. A cleavable propeptide influences Toxoplasma infection by facilitating the trafficking and secretion of the TgMIC2-M2AP invasion complex. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4551-63. [PMID: 16914527 PMCID: PMC1635346 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Propeptides regulate protein function and trafficking in many eukaryotic systems and have emerged as important features of regulated secretory proteins in parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Regulated protein secretion from micronemes and host cell invasion are inextricably linked and essential processes for the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. TgM2AP is a propeptide-containing microneme protein found in a heterohexameric complex with the microneme protein TgMIC2, a protein that has a demonstrated fundamental role in gliding motility and invasion. TgM2AP function is also central to these processes, because disruption of TgM2AP (m2apKO) results in secretory retention of TgMIC2, leading to reduced TgMIC2 secretion from the micronemes and impaired invasion. Because the TgM2AP propeptide is predicted to be processed in an intracellular site near where TgMIC2 is retained in m2apKO parasites, we hypothesized that the propeptide and its proteolytic removal influence trafficking and secretion of the complex. We found that proTgM2AP traffics through endosomal compartments and that deletion of the propeptide leads to defective trafficking of the complex within or near this site, resulting in aberrant processing and decreased secretion of TgMIC2, impaired invasion, and reduced virulence in vivo, mirroring the phenotypes observed in m2apKO parasites. In contrast, mutation of several cleavage site residues resulted in normal localization, but it affected the stability and secretion of the complex from the micronemes. Therefore, the propeptide and its cleavage site influence distinct aspects of TgMIC2-M2AP function, with both impacting the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Harper
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - My-Hang Huynh
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Fabiola Parussini
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Vern B. Carruthers
- *W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205; and
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