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Pelizzo G, Calcaterra V, Baldassarre P, Marinaro M, Taranto S, Ceresola M, Capelo G, Gazzola C, Zuccotti G. The impact of hormones on lung development and function: an overlooked aspect to consider from early childhood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1425149. [PMID: 39371928 PMCID: PMC11449876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1425149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of hormones on the respiratory system constitutes a multifaceted and intricate facet of human biology. We propose a comprehensive review of recent advancements in understanding the interactions between hormones and pulmonary development and function, focusing on pediatric populations. We explore how hormones can influence ventilation, perfusion, and pulmonary function, from regulating airway muscle tone to modulating the inflammatory response. Hormones play an important role in the growth and development of lung tissues, influencing them from early stages through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. Glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), retinoids, cholecalciferol sex steroids, hormones derived from adipose tissue, factors like insulin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and glucagon are key players in modulating respiratory mechanics and inflammation. While ample evidence underscores the impact of hormones on lung development and function, along with sex-related differences in the prevalence of respiratory disorders, further research is needed to clarify their specific roles in these conditions. Further research into the mechanisms underlying hormonal effects is essential for the development of customizing therapeutic approaches for respiratory diseases. Understanding the impact of hormones on lung function could be valuable for developing personalized monitoring approaches in both medical and surgical pediatric settings, in order to improve outcomes and the quality of care for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michela Marinaro
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ceresola
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerson Capelo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Song W, Wang H, Zhu G, Li Y, Wang Z, Li W, Che G. Increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer among female hormone-related cancer patients: A meta-analysis based on over four million cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1790-1801. [PMID: 38973242 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of lung cancer in women has significantly increased over the past decade, and previous evidence has indicated a significant relationship between the elevated levels of sex hormones and the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that female hormone-related cancer (FHRC) patients, including breast, endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer patients, may experience a higher risk of developing subsequent lung cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk of lung cancer among FHRC patients compared to the general population. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched up to May 11, 2022. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify the risk of subsequent lung cancer after FHRC. Subgroup analyses based on the follow-up time and tumor type were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 58 retrospective cohort studies involving 4,360,723 FHRC participants were included. The pooled results demonstrated that FHRC patients had a significantly increased risk of developing subsequent primary lung cancer (SIR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.48-1.76, P <0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed an obvious trend of increasing lung cancer risk over time (SIRs for <5 years, ≥5 years, ≥10 years, ≥20 years, and ≥30 years after FHRC: 1.32, 1.59, 1.57, 1.68, and 1.95, respectively). In addition, subgroup analysis stratified by tumor type indicated an increased risk of developing subsequent lung cancer after breast (SIR = 1.25, P <0.001), endometrial (SIR = 1.40, P = 0.019), cervical (SIR = 2.56, P <0.001), and ovarian cancer (SIR = 1.50, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION FHRC patients are more likely to develop lung cancer than the general population. Furthermore, the increased risk of subsequent primary lung cancer is more obvious with a longer survival time and is observed in all types of hormone-related cancer. REGISTRATION International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols: No. INPLASY202270044; https://inplasy.com/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenpeng Song
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yangqian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Networks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Networks, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Wu T, Ding K, Wang C, Lin G, Xie C, Chen X, Li Q, Yu F, Mao Y, Hong W, Lu L, Li S. G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 promotes peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase 1-mediated redox modulation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23449. [PMID: 38315451 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301172rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the second most important site of estrogen production, where androgens are converted into estrogen by aromatase. While gastric cancer patients often develop adipocyte-rich peritoneal metastasis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) as a promoter of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Functional in vitro studies revealed that β-Estradiol (E2) or the GPER1 agonist G1 inhibited anoikis in gastric cancer cells. Additionally, genetic overexpression or knockout of GPER1 significantly inhibited or enhanced gastric cancer cell anoikis in vitro and peritoneal metastasis in vivo, respectively. Mechanically, GPER1 knockout disrupted the NADPH pool and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conversely, overexpression of GPER1 had the opposite effects. GPER1 suppressed nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase 1(NADK1) ubiquitination and promoted its phosphorylation, which were responsible for the elevated expression of NADK1 at protein levels and activity, respectively. Moreover, genetic inhibition of NADK1 disrupted NADPH and redox homeostasis, leading to high levels of ROS and significant anoikis, which inhibited lung and peritoneal metastasis in cell-based xenograft models. In summary, our study suggests that inhibiting GPER1-mediated NADK1 activity and its ubiquitination may be a promising therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Lin
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chengjie Xie
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xianying Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Quanxin Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fenghai Yu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Soca-Chafre G, Avila-Costa MR, Whaley JJJV, Rodriguez-Cid JR, Ordoñez-Librado JL, Rodriguez-Maldonado E, Heredia-Jara NA. Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1210297. [PMID: 37941543 PMCID: PMC10628781 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1210297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade has improved survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, differential responses have been observed by sex, where men appear to respond better than women. Additionally, adverse effects of immunotherapy are mainly observed in women. Studies in some types of hormone-dependent cancer have revealed a role of sex hormones in anti-tumor response, tumor microenvironment and immune evasion. Estrogens mainly promote immune tolerance regulating T-cell function and modifying tumor microenvironment, while androgens attenuate anti-tumor immune responses. The precise mechanism by which sex and sex hormones may modulate immune response to tumor, modify PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and promote immune escape in NSCLC is still unclear, but current data show how sexual differences affect immune therapy response and prognosis. This review provides update information regarding anti-PD-1/PD-L immunotherapeutic efficacy in NSCLC by sex, analyzing potential roles for sex hormones on PD-L1 expression, and discussing a plausible of sex and sex hormones as predictive response factors to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Giovanny Soca-Chafre
- Oncological Diseases Research Unit (UIEO), Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
- Neuromorphology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Emma Rodriguez-Maldonado
- Traslational Medicine Laboratory, Research Unit UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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May L, Shows K, Nana-Sinkam P, Li H, Landry JW. Sex Differences in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3111. [PMID: 37370722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex disparities in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have been observed since cancer statistics have been recorded. Social and economic differences contribute to sex disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality, but evidence suggests that there are also underlying biological differences that contribute to the disparity. This review summarizes biological differences which could contribute to the sex disparity. Sex hormones and other biologically active molecules, tumor cell genetic differences, and differences in the immune system and its response to lung cancer are highlighted. How some of these differences contribute to disparities in the response to therapies, including cytotoxic, targeted, and immuno-therapies, is also discussed. We end the study with a discussion of our perceived future directions to identify the key biological differences which could contribute to sex disparities in lung cancer and how these differences could be therapeutically leveraged to personalize lung cancer treatment to the individual sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren May
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Kathryn Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Howard Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph W Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Testosterone deficiency in male organ transplant recipients. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:679-684. [PMID: 35013565 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency is known to affect men with increasing incidence throughout their lifespan. The clinical manifestations of testosterone deficiency, in turn, negatively impact men's quality of life and perception of overall health. The interaction of chronic systemic disease and androgen deficiency represent an area for potential intervention. Here, we explore the topic of testosterone deficiency amongst men with end-stage organ failure requiring transplantation in order to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of androgen deficiency of chronic disease and discuss whether intervention, including testosterone replacement and organ transplantation, improve patients' outcomes and quality of life.
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Takada I, Miyazaki T, Goto Y, Kanzawa H, Matsubara T, Namikawa-Kanai H, Shigefuku S, Ono S, Nakajima E, Morishita Y, Honda A, Furukawa K, Ikeda N. Involvement of 27-hydroxycholesterol on the progression of non-small cell lung cancer via the estrogen receptor. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4241-4253. [PMID: 36225627 PMCID: PMC9548011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), but it is mostly produced by alveolar macrophages in vivo. The present study evaluated hypothesis that 27HC may also promote the proliferation of lung cancer cells. In the tumor and nontumor regions of lung tissue from 23 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent lung cancer surgery, we compared the 27HC content and its synthetic and catabolic enzyme expressions (CYP27A1 and CYP7B1), the expressions of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene and its target gene cMYC by using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we evaluated the effects of 27HC and β-estradiol (E2) treatments on the proliferation of a cultured lung cancer cell line (H23 cells) expressing ERβ. In squamous cell carcinoma and in adenocarcinoma, the 27HC content was significantly higher in the tumor region than in the nontumor region, and in cancer grade III than in the other cancer grades. CYP27A1-positive macrophages were histologically detected in the nontumor regions of both cancer types, whereas the gene and protein expressions of ERβ, as well as the CYP7B1 and cMYC genes, were significantly increased in the tumor tissues. In cultured H23 cells, proliferation was significantly increased by 27HC and E2 treatments for 48 h. Similar to breast cancer, the present results supported idea that the 27HC produced from alveolar macrophages promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells highly expressing ER through the SERM action. Therefore, 27HC should be an important target for cancer therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikki Takada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Yushi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kanzawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsubara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Namikawa-Kanai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shigefuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakajima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Morishita
- Diagnostic Pathology Division, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Kinya Furukawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical CenterIbaraki, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
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Zheng W, Cheng X, Chen H, Jiang Z, Sun Y, Yu Z, Yang T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Ji X, Wu Z. Novel 18F-Labeled PET Tracers Specific to Aromatase: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2456-2470. [PMID: 35621695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of aromatase is associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of neurological diseases and tumors. A series of 18F-labeled and 68Ga-labeled potential aromatase-binding candidate compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structures of aromatase inhibitors. Competitive inhibition experiments in vitro and molecular docking showed that BIBD-069 and BIBD-071 have high affinity for aromatase. The radiolabeling conditions of [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 were simple, and the yields were high. Biodistribution and in vivo inhibition experiments confirmed that [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 specifically bind to aromatase. [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 selectively imaged the amygdala and nucleus of the stria terminalis, which is similar to the imaging result of [11C]vorozole. Radiometabolites of [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 did not bind to aromatase and interfered with brain imaging. MicroPET-CT imaging further confirmed that [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 can specifically bind to aromatase and were not defluorinated in vivo. Given that [18F]BIBD-069 and [18F]BIBD-071 exhibit excellent aromatase binding affinities, mild radiolabeling conditions, and good pharmacokinetics, they can be important tools for the diagnosis and treatment of aromatase-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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9
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Development of a cationic Aggregate Induced Emission fluorescent probe for detection of Aromatase. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Tong Y, He Q, Zhu J, Ding E, Song K. Multi‐omics Differential Gene Regulatory Network Inference for Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumor Progression Biomarker Discovery. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Fan Tong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Qi‐En He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Jun‐Xuan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - En‐Ci Ding
- Nuclear Medicine Department Tianjin First Central Hospital Tianjin China
| | - Kai Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Targeting Estrogens and Various Estrogen-Related Receptors against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: A Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010080. [PMID: 35008242 PMCID: PMC8750572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) account for ~85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Mammalian lungs are exposed to both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in lung cancer cells has evoked the necessity to evaluate the role of estrogens in the disease progression. Estrogens, specifically 17β-estradiol, promote maturation of several tissue types including lungs. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that women have a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma, a type of NSCLC, when compared to men, independent of smoking status. Besides ERs, pulmonary tissues both in healthy physiology and in NSCLCs also express G-protein-coupled ERs (GPERs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRs), estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) and orphan nuclear receptors. Premenopausal females between the ages of 15 and 50 years synthesize a large contingent of estrogens and are at a greater risk of developing NSCLCs. Estrogen-ER/GPER/EGFR/ERR-mediated activation of various cell signaling molecules regulates NSCLC cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. This article sheds light on the most recent achievements in the elucidation of sequential biochemical events in estrogen-activated cell signaling pathways involved in NSCLC severity with insight into the mechanism of regulation by ERs/GPERs/EGFRs/ERRs. It further discusses the success of anti-estrogen therapies against NSCLCs.
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12
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Investigation of Combination Treatment With an Aromatase Inhibitor Exemestane and Carboplatin-Based Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Advanced NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100150. [PMID: 34590007 PMCID: PMC8474426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen receptors (ER) (ERα, ERβ) and aromatase (key enzyme for estrogen synthesis) are expressed in most human NSCLCs. High intratumoral estrogen levels and elevated aromatase expression in NSCLC predict poor outcome. This open-label, phase 1b, single-center study evaluated the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of the aromatase inhibitor, exemestane, in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed in postmenopausal women with stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC. Methods Patients received exemestane (starting 1-wk before chemotherapy) at 25 mg orally (PO) daily (cohort 1) or 50 mg PO daily (cohort 2) combined with carboplatin (area under the curve 6 mg × min/mL) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) intravenously every 3 weeks for four cycles. Thereafter, patients were eligible for continued therapy with exemestane and pemetrexed or pemetrexed alone. Results A total of 10 patients consented for therapy, and two patients failed in the screening. Four patients completed the therapy in cohort 1 and four patients in cohort 2. The median number of cycles administered was 15 (range: 1-54). Maximum tolerated dose was exemestane 50 mg PO daily with combination chemotherapy. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed an objective response rate (ORR) of 62.5% (five of eight patients with partial response) and a clinical benefit rate of 87.5% (seven of eight patients with either stable disease or partial response). ORR was associated with aromatase expression (p = 0.02). Circulating estrogen levels decreased with exemestane use, and quality of life measurements did not significantly change during the treatment. There were no adverse events. Conclusions The combination of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and exemestane in postmenopausal women with metastatic NSCLC is safe and well tolerated. Biomarker studies revealed that ORR correlates with tumor aromatase expression. These findings support future clinical trials to confirm the antitumor efficacy with this combination therapy.
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Abstract
Lung cancer represents the world's leading cause of cancer deaths. Sex differences in the incidence and mortality rates for various types of lung cancers have been identified, but the biological and endocrine mechanisms implicated in these disparities have not yet been determined. While some cancers such as lung adenocarcinoma are more commonly found among women than men, others like squamous cell carcinoma display the opposite pattern or show no sex differences. Associations of tobacco product use rates, susceptibility to carcinogens, occupational exposures, and indoor and outdoor air pollution have also been linked to differential rates of lung cancer occurrence and mortality between sexes. While roles for sex hormones in other types of cancers affecting women or men have been identified and described, little is known about the influence of sex hormones in lung cancer. One potential mechanism identified to date is the synergism between estrogen and some tobacco compounds, and oncogene mutations, in inducing the expression of metabolic enzymes, leading to enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA adducts, and subsequent lung carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the literature available regarding sex differences in cancer rates, associations of male and female sex hormones with lung cancer, the influence of exogenous hormone therapy in women, and potential mechanisms mediated by male and female sex hormone receptors in lung carcinogenesis. The influence of biological sex on lung disease has recently been established, thus new research incorporating this variable will shed light on the mechanisms behind the observed disparities in lung cancer rates, and potentially lead to the development of new therapeutics to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Fuentes
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Miguel Silva Rodriguez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Survival analysis of patients with primary breast duct carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma: a population-based study from SEER. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14790. [PMID: 34285322 PMCID: PMC8292419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The appeal to enroll patients with primary breast and lung cancer in clinical trials is increasing, but survival of these two primary cancers remains to be elucidated. This study analyzed the prognosis of primary breast duct carcinoma with subsequent lung adenocarcinoma (BCLA) and primary breast duct carcinoma with prior lung adenocarcinoma (LABC). Cohorts of 3,515 patients with BCLA and 654 patients with LABC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients were classified into simultaneous two primary cancer (sTPC), metachronous two primary cancer (mTPC1), or mTPC2 groups when the interval times between breast and lung cancer were within 6 months, between 7 and 60 months, or over 60 months, respectively. The propensity score matching program (PSM) was applied to determine the survival of BCLA/LABC relative to single breast/lung cancer. Cox proportional hazard regression model and competing risk modes were performed to identify confounders associated with all-cause and cancer-specific death, respectively. Survival of patients with LABC/BCLA relative to single breast/lung cancer was accessed via median survival time. The survival of patients with BCLA/LABC was generally poor compared with the survival of those with single breast cancer. The PSM-estimated HR in the sTPC group with BCLA and in the mTPC1 and mTPC2 groups with LABC were 0.75 (95% CI 0.62–0.90), 0.52 (95% CI 0.27–0.98), and 0.36 (95% CI 0.20–0.65), respectively, whereas the SHRs were 0.80 (95% CI 0.66–0.97), 0.68 (95% CI 0.34–1.34), and 0.46 (95% CI 0.27–0.80), respectively, compared with those in the single lung cancer group. By contrast, the survival rates of the remaining patients did not differ. The median survival times since secondary malignancy were 42, 23, and 20 months in the sTPC, mTPC1, and mTPC2 groups with BCLA, respectively, and 18, 60, and 180 months in those with LABC, respectively. For patients with BCLA, the adjusted Cox regression suggested incidences of all-cause deaths in mTPC1group were statically higher than those in sTPC group, whereas the incidences of all-cause and cancer-specific death in the mTPC1 and mTPC2 groups were statistically lower than those in the sTPC group. The prognosis of patients with breast cancer and subsequent lung cancer of over 18 months was not significantly different than that of single lung cancer, which supported the profound appeal to increase the involvement of these two primary cancers in potential beneficial clinical trials. For patients with lung cancer and prior breast cancer of within 6 months and subsequent breast cancer of over 18 months, prognosis was improved relative to single lung cancer. Therefore, additional attention is needed to eliminate the potential bias may when these patients are recruited in the clinical trials.
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Słowikowski BK, Jankowski M, Jagodziński PP. The smoking estrogens - a potential synergy between estradiol and benzo(a)pyrene. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111658. [PMID: 34243627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
According to recent statistics, Lung Cancer (LC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumor types, representing nearly 12% of all global cancer cases. Moreover, in recent years, an increased mortality rate and incidence of this cancer were observed, especially among nonsmokers. Lung cancer patients are often characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates, which encourages the scientific community to investigate the biochemical and molecular processes leading to the development of this malignancy. Furthermore, the mechanisms of LC formation and progression are not yet fully elucidated due to their high complexity, as well as a multitude of environmental, genetic, and molecular factors involved. Even though LC's association with exposure to cigarette smoke is indisputable, current research provides evidence that the development of this cancer can also be affected by the presence of estrogens and their interaction with several tobacco smoke components. Hence, the main goal of this brief review was to investigate reports of a possible synergy between 17β estradiol (E2), the most biologically active estrogen, and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a strongly carcinogenic compound produced as a result of incomplete tobacco combustion. The literature sources demonstrate a possible carcinogenic synergy between estrogens, especially E2, and BaP, a toxic tobacco smoke component. Therefeore, the combined effect of disturbed estrogen production in cancer cells, as well as the molecular influence exerted by BaP, could explain the increased aggressiveness and rate of LC development. Summarizing, the synergistic effect of these risk factors is an interesting area of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Abdul Hamid NS, Mat Zin AA. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation Detection in Histology and Cytology Specimens of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemistry Versus the Molecular Method. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1935-1942. [PMID: 34181354 PMCID: PMC8418853 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with good clinical response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase therapy. The two most common EGFR gene mutations, representing 80 to 90%, are the E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 and the L858R point mutation in exon 21. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have conducted the study to evaluate immunohistochemistry's performance in detecting the E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 of the EGFR gene in primary lung adenocarcinoma cases. This study examined 133 cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma for three years duration. The selected cases were tested for EGFR gene mutations by real-time PCR by a reference laboratory. Most cases (124) were diagnosed by tissue biopsy, though nine used cell block cytology. We performed an immunohistochemistry test on 75 cases that contained adequate diagnostic material in the paraffin block. RESULTS The test result was scored as 0 to 3+, based on the staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells. We evaluated the immunohistochemistry test's sensitivity and specificity compared to the EGFR gene mutations by real-time PCR. There was a significant association between gender, smoking status, and the EGFR gene mutations (P < 0.001). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry test were 40% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 100% and 76.9%, each. CONCLUSIONS The immunohistochemistry has high specificity but low sensitivity in the detection of E746-A750 deletion in exon 19 of the EGFR gene. The mutation-specific antibody used in this study was unable to detect other uncommon variants of exon 19 deletions. With high specificity value, immunohistochemistry may provide an adjunct to molecular testing for detecting the most common EGFR gene mutations in cases of a low cellularity sample, financially-limited situations, or in critically ill cases where urgent targeted therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anani Aila Mat Zin
- Pathology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Avila-Costa MR. An Overview of Lung Cancer in Women and the Impact of Estrogen in Lung Carcinogenesis and Lung Cancer Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:600121. [PMID: 34079807 PMCID: PMC8165182 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer incidence and mortality have significantly increased in women worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer globally. This type of lung cancer shows differences by sex, including the mutational burden, behavior, clinical characteristics, and response to treatment. The effect of sex on lung cancer patients' survival is still controversial; however, lung adenocarcinoma is considered a different disease in women and men. Moreover, lung adenocarcinoma is strongly influenced by estrogen and is also different depending on the hormonal status of the patient. Young pre-menopausal women have been explored as an independent group. They presented in more advanced stages at diagnosis, exhibited more aggressive tumors, and showed poor survival compared to men and post-menopausal women, supporting the role of sex hormones in this pathology. Several reports indicate the estrogen's role in lung carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Thus, there are currently some clinical trials testing the efficacy of antihormonal therapy in lung cancer treatment. This mini review shows the updated data about lung cancer in women, its characteristics, the etiological factors that influence carcinogenesis, and the critical role of estrogen in lung cancer and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
- Neuromorphology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Lee S, Kim KM, Lee SY, Jung J. Estrogen Aggravates Tumor Growth in a Diffuse Gastric Cancer Xenograft Model. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:622733. [PMID: 34257587 PMCID: PMC8262185 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.622733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has the fifth-highest incidence rate and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence of gastric cancer is higher in men than in women, but for the diffuse types of gastric cancer, the trend is opposite. Estrogen is considered the prime culprit behind these differences. Nevertheless, the action of estrogen in gastric cancers remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen on diffuse-type gastric cancer. Human female diffuse gastric cancer SNU-16 cells were transplanted into male and female mice to analyze the effect of endogenous estrogen on tumor growth. Furthermore, the effect of exogenous estrogen was evaluated in ovariectomized mice. Expressed genes were compared between female and male xenograft models using RNA sequencing analysis. Furthermore, human gene expression omnibus databases were utilized to examine the effect of our target genes on overall survival. SNU-16-derived tumor growth was faster in female mice than in male mice. In total RNA sequencing, interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), IQ motif containing E (IQCE), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4), and structure-specific endonuclease subunit SLX4 (SLX4) were found. These genes could be associated with the tumor growth in female diffuse-type gastric cancer which was affected by endogenous estrogen. In an ovariectomized gastric cancer xenograft model, exogenous estrogen promoted tumor growth. Especially, our results indicated that estrogen induced G protein-coupled estrogen receptor expression in these mice. These results suggest that estrogen aggravates tumor progression in female diffuse gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyi Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
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Oh MS, Anker JF, Chae YK. High gene expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors is associated with decreased t cell infiltration in patients with NSCLC. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100317. [PMID: 33711637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies have demonstrated that signaling via the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) may affect prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The precise impact of hormone signaling on clinical outcomes in NSCLC, especially in the context of immune checkpoint blockade, remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to determine mRNA expression levels of ESR1 (ER-α), ESR2 (ER-β), PGR (PR), CYP19A1 (aromatase), and immune-related genes. Tumor infiltration by activated T cells was predicted based on expression of immune metagenes. RESULTS High levels of both ESR1 and PGR were associated with significantly decreased tumor infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ activated T cells. CYP19A1 expression was associated with decreased CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell infiltration. There were no significant differences based on ESR2. These findings persisted after stratifying patients based on sex and tumor histology. In addition, increased ESR1 was associated with high gene expression of immune checkpoint markers, while increased PGR was associated with high levels of TGF-β genes. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, ESR1, PGR, TGFB1, and the total number of somatic variants were identified as independent factors predicting T cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Increased gene expression of ER-α and PR was associated with decreased activated T cell infiltration in patients with NSCLC. The relevance of hormone receptor status should be validated clinically, including in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Oh
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jonathan F Anker
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
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Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644018. [PMID: 33628308 PMCID: PMC7886515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With growing evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal drugs, there has been a substantial increase in their application in the lung cancer treatment. Meanwhile, their action mechanisms at the system level have not been comprehensively uncovered. To this end, we employed a network pharmacology methodology to elucidate the systematic action mechanisms of FDY2004, an anticancer herbal drug composed of Moutan Radicis Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, in lung cancer treatment. By evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of the chemical compounds present in FDY2004 using herbal medicine-associated databases, we identified its 29 active chemical components interacting with 141 lung cancer-associated therapeutic targets in humans. The functional enrichment analysis of the lung cancer-related targets of FDY2004 revealed the enriched Gene Ontology terms, involving the regulation of cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and death, and oxidative stress responses. Moreover, we identified key FDY2004-targeted oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways associated with lung cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, Ras, focal adhesion, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. Overall, our study provides novel evidence and basis for research on the comprehensive anticancer mechanisms of herbal medicines in lung cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the first cause of death from malignant disease. The distressing epidemiological data show the increasing female to male incidence ratio for this tumor. A high incidence of lung cancer in never smokers with importance of environmental agents makes a problem among women. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is noted in women with increasing rate and ethnic background impacts female lung cancer with differences in the incidence of genetic aberrations. The conception of different hormonal status is taken into consideration as potential explanation of variant cancer biology and clinical manifestation in women and men. The impact of 17-β-estradiol, estrogen receptors, aromatase expression, pituitary sex hormones receptors in carcinogenesis with relation between estrogens and genetic aberrations are investigated. The response to newest therapies among female is also different than in men. This overview summarizes currently available evidence on the specificity of female lung cancer and presents the direction of necessary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Trojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Lin H, Hu B, He X, Mao J, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Zheng J, Peng Y, Zhang F. Overcoming Taxol-resistance in A549 cells: A comprehensive strategy of targeting P-gp transporter, AKT/ERK pathways, and cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1 by 4-hydroxyemodin. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Asavasupreechar T, Chan MSM, Saito R, Miki Y, Boonyaratanakornkit V, Sasano H. Sex steroid metabolism and actions in non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 193:105440. [PMID: 31386890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent development in targeted therapies, lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer death. Therefore, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and progression could contribute to improving the eventual clinical outcome of the patients. Results of recently published several in vitro and clinical studies indicated the possible involvement of sex steroids in both development and progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Therefore we summarized the reported clinical relevant information of the sex steroids, their receptors and steroid metabolizing enzymes related to NSCLC in this mini-review. In addition, we also reviewed the potential "endocrine therapy", targeting sex steroid actions and/or metabolism in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica S M Chan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Saito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Rampogu S, Baek A, Bavi R, Son M, Cao GP, Kumar R, Park C, Zeb A, Rana RM, Park SJ, Lee KW. Identification of Novel Scaffolds with Dual Role as Antiepileptic and Anti-Breast Cancer. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 16:1663-1674. [PMID: 30334765 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2018.2855138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors with an $\mathrm{IC}_{50}$ IC 50 value ranging from 1.4 to 49.7 µM are known to act as antiepileptic drugs besides being potential breast cancer inhibitors. The aim of the present study is to identify novel antiepileptic aromatase inhibitors with higher activity exploiting the ligand-based pharmacophore approach utilizing the experimentally known inhibitors. The resultant Hypo1 consists of four features and was further validated by using three different strategies. Hypo1 was allowed to screen different databases to identify lead molecules and were further subjected to Lipinski's Rule of Five and ADMET to establish their drug-like properties. Consequently, the obtained 68-screened molecules were subjected to molecular docking by GOLD v5.2.2. Furthermore, the compounds with the highest dock scores were assessed for molecular interactions. Later, the MD simulation was applied to evaluate the protein backbone stabilities and binding energies adapting GROMACS v5.0.6 and MM/PBSA which was followed by the density functional theory (DFT), to analyze their orbital energies, and further the energy gap between them. Eventually, the number of Hit molecules was culled to three projecting Hit1, Hit2, and Hit3 as the potential lead compounds based on their highest dock scores, hydrogen bond interaction, lowest energy gap, and the least binding energies and stable MD results.
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Velez MA, Burns TF, Stabile LP. The estrogen pathway as a modulator of response to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1161-1176. [PMID: 31361169 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of about 18%. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for a subset of patients, especially those with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and/or high tumor mutational burden, but have failed in the majority of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the estrogen signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target in metastatic NSCLC and that the estrogen pathway may play a role in sex-based responses to ICIs. This report will review the epidemiologic, preclinical and clinical data on the estrogen pathway in NSCLC, its implications in sex-based responses to ICIs and the potential use of antiestrogen therapy in combination with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Velez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy F Burns
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Pelekanou V, Anastasiou E, Bakogeorgou E, Notas G, Kampa M, Garcia-Milian R, Lavredaki K, Moustou E, Chinari G, Arapantoni P, O'Grady A, Georgoulias V, Tsapis A, Stathopoulos EN, Castanas E. Estrogen receptor-alpha isoforms are the main estrogen receptors expressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Steroids 2019; 142:65-76. [PMID: 29454903 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression profile of estrogen receptors (ER) in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) remains contradictory. Here we investigated protein and transcriptome expression of ERα wild type and variants. Tissue Micro-Arrays of 200 cases of NSCLC (paired tumor/non-tumor) were assayed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of ERα antibodies targeting different epitopes (HC20, 6F11, 1D5, ERα36 and ERα17p). ERβ epitopes were also examined for comparison. In parallel we conducted a probe-set mapping (Affymetrix HGU133 plus 2 chip) meta-analysis of 12 NSCLC tumor public transcriptomic studies (1418 cases) and 39 NSCLC cell lines. Finally, we have investigated early transcriptional effects of 17β-estradiol, 17β-estradiol-BSA, tamoxifen and their combination in two NSCLC cell lines (A549, H520). ERα transcript and protein detection in NSCLC specimens and cell lines suggests that extranuclear ERα variants, like ERα36, prevail, while wild-type ERα66 is minimally expressed. In non-tumor lung, the wild-type ERα66 is quasi-absent. The combined evaluation of ERα isoform staining intensity and subcellular localization with sex, can discriminate NSCLC subtypes and normal lung. Overall ERα transcription decreases in NSCLC. ERα expression is sex-related in non-tumor tissue, but in NSCLC it is exclusively correlating with tumor histologic subtype. ERα isoform protein expression is higher than ERβ. ERα isoforms are functional and display specific early transcriptional effects following steroid treatment. In conclusion, our data show a wide extranuclear ERα-variant expression in normal lung and NSCLC that is not reported by routine pathology ER evaluation criteria, limited in the nuclear wild type receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Eleftheria Anastasiou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Efstathia Bakogeorgou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | | | - Katerina Lavredaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
| | - Eleni Moustou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Anthony O'Grady
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Dept. of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland (RCSI), Education & Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion Greece
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Young PA, Pietras RJ. Aromatase inhibitors combined with aspirin to prevent lung cancer in preclinical models. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S373-S376. [PMID: 30705860 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.09.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Pietras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Estrogen receptor β promotes the vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and cell invasion via altering the lncRNA-MALAT1/miR-145-5p/NEDD9 signals in lung cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:1225-1238. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Garon EB, Siegfried JM, Stabile LP, Young PA, Marquez-Garban DC, Park DJ, Patel R, Hu EH, Sadeghi S, Parikh RJ, Reckamp KL, Adams B, Elashoff RM, Elashoff D, Grogan T, Wang HJ, Dacic S, Brennan M, Valdes Y, Davenport S, Dubinett SM, Press MF, Slamon DJ, Pietras RJ. Randomized phase II study of fulvestrant and erlotinib compared with erlotinib alone in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018; 123:91-98. [PMID: 30089602 PMCID: PMC6118115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This open-label, randomized phase II trial evaluated antitumor efficacy of an antiestrogen, fulvestrant, in combination with human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, erlotinib, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC, ECOG 0-2, previous chemotherapy unless patient refusal, and no prior EGFR-directed therapy were randomized 2:1 to erlotinib 150 mg oral daily plus 500 mg intramuscular fulvestrant on day 1, 15, 29 and every 28 days thereafter or erlotinib alone 150 mg oral daily. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR); secondary endpoints included progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Among 106 randomized patients, 100 received at least one dose of study drug. ORR was 16.4% (11 of 67 patients) for the combination versus 12.1% (4 of 33 patients) for erlotinib (p = 0.77). PFS median 3.5 versus 1.9 months [HR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.52-1.43), p = 0.29] and OS median 9.5 versus 5.8 months [HR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.57-1.48), p = 0.74] numerically favored the combination. In an unplanned subset analysis, among EGFR wild type patients (n = 51), but not EGFR mutant patients (n = 17), median PFS was 3.5 versus 1.7 months [HR = 0.35, 95% CI (0.14-0.86), p = 0.02] and OS was 6.2 versus 5.2 months [HR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.35-1.48), p = 0.37] for combined therapy versus erlotinib, respectively. Notably, EGFR WT patients were more likely to be hormone receptor-positive (either estrogen receptor α- and/or progesterone receptor-positive) compared to EGFR mutant patients (50% versus 9.1%, respectively) (p = 0.03). Treatment was well tolerated with predominant grade 1-2 dermatologic and gastrointestinal adverse effects. CONCLUSION Addition of fulvestrant to erlotinib was well tolerated, with increased activity noted among EGFR wild type patients compared to erlotinib alone, albeit in an unplanned subset analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, 420 Delaware Street SE, NHH 3-112, CCRB 3-130 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura P Stabile
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, 5117 Centre Avenue, Lab 2.7, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Patricia A Young
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Diana C Marquez-Garban
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - David J Park
- St. Jude Heritage Healthcare, Virginia K. Crosson Cancer Center, 2151 N. Harbor Boulevard, Suite 2200, Fullerton, CA 92835, USA
| | - Ravi Patel
- Comprehensive Blood and Cancer Center, 6501 Truxtun Avenue, Bakersfield, CA 93309, USA
| | - Eddie H Hu
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Saeed Sadeghi
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Rupesh J Parikh
- Comprehensive Cancer Care Centers of Nevada, 10001 So. Eastern Ave., Suite 108, Henderson, NV 89052, USA
| | | | - Brad Adams
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Elashoff
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Tristan Grogan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - He-Jing Wang
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sanja Dacic
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, 5117 Centre Avenue, Lab 2.7, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Meghan Brennan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Yacgley Valdes
- Translational Research in Oncology, 8-684 Factor Building, Box 951781, 90095-1781 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Davenport
- University of Southern California School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Press
- University of Southern California School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Richard J Pietras
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 200, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Zhang J, Guan X, Liang N, Li S. Estrogen-related receptor alpha triggers the proliferation and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer via interleukin-6. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:255-262. [PMID: 29862528 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Estrogenic signals have been suggested to be important for the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Our present data showed that estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), while not ERRβ or ERRγ, was significantly elevated in NSCLC cell lines as compared with that in normal bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. The expression of ERRα in clinical NSCLC tissues was significantly greater than that in their matched normal adjacent tissues. Over expression of ERRα can trigger the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, while si-ERRα or ERRα inhibitor showed opposite effects. ERRα can increase the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, while not IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, VEGF, TGF-β, or TNF-α, in NSCLC cells. Silence of IL-6 attenuated ERRα induced proliferation and cell invasion. Furthermore, our data revealed the inhibition of NF-κB, while not ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt, abolished ERRα induced production of IL-6. This might be due to that overexpression of ERRα can increase the expression and nuclear translocation of p65 in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our data showed that activation of NF-κB/IL-6 is involved in ERRα induced migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. It suggested that ERRα might be a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology in First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xiangqian Guan
- Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Naixin Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Stabile LP, Farooqui M, Kanterewicz B, Abberbock S, Kurland BF, Diergaarde B, Siegfried JM. Preclinical Evidence for Combined Use of Aromatase Inhibitors and NSAIDs as Preventive Agents of Tobacco-Induced Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:399-412. [PMID: 29233790 PMCID: PMC5825271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A hormonal role in NSCLC development is well documented. We previously showed that the aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole decreased development of tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumors in a murine lung cancer prevention model and that aromatase and estrogen receptor were expressed in pulmonary inflammatory cells. METHODS We utilized a tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumor mouse model by treatment with 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), to determine whether an AI combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs results in greater lung tumor prevention effects compared to single-agent treatment. RESULTS Combination of anastrozole (0.1 mg/kg/d) with aspirin (25 mg/kg/d) after NNK exposure resulted in significantly fewer and smaller lung tumors than did single-agent treatments and was accompanied by maximum decreases in circulating β-estradiol (E2) and interleukin-6, tumor-infiltrating macrophages, and tumoral Ki67, phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and interleukin-17A expression. Preneoplasia arising after combination treatment showed the lowest Sox-2 expression, suggesting an inhibitory effect on proliferative capacity in the airways by blocking both E2 and inflammation. Anastrozole combined with ibuprofen instead of aspirin also showed enhanced antitumor effects. Moreover, male mice treated with NNK that received E2 in their drinking water showed greater levels of pulmonary macrophages and inflammatory markers than did the control, confirming an E2 effect on inflammation in the microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a benefit to joint targeting of the estrogen and inflammatory pathways for NSCLC prevention. Combining AIs with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduces circulating E2, proinflammatory cytokines, and macrophage recruitment in the lung microenvironment after tobacco exposure. This strategy could be particularly effective in women who have underlying pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Mariya Farooqui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Brenda F Kurland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Rodriguez-Lara V, Hernandez-Martinez JM, Arrieta O. Influence of estrogen in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical implications. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:482-497. [PMID: 29600083 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide and has significantly increased in women. Differences in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment have been reported by sex and hormonal status, with premenopausal women presenting the worst prognosis compared to postmenopausal women and men. Additionally, the use of hormonal replacement therapy significantly increases NSCLC mortality; supporting the role of estrogen signaling in the pathogenesis of LC. The mechanisms by which estrogen promotes lung carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Estrogen, through its receptor, can stimulate LC cell proliferation, death resistance, angiogenesis, migration and metastasis. Estrogen also induces expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and ligands that promote tumor evasion, suggesting that estrogen might modify the microenvironment and anti-tumor immune response. Recent reports have shown an interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and estrogen signaling in lung adenocarcinoma, whence, combined treatment based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and antiestrogen therapy is beginning to be evaluated. This review focuses on the differences in NSCLC behavior by sex and hormonal status, highlighting the role of estrogen and its receptors in lung carcinogenesis and LC prognosis. Due to the importance of estrogen in NSCLC development and progression we finally discuss the potential of antiestrogen therapy in LC treatment and show the results from preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Rodriguez-Lara
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Functional Unit of Thoracic Oncology and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Peng J, Meireles SI, Xu X, Smith WE, Slifker MJ, Riel SL, Zhai S, Zhang G, Ma X, Kurzer MS, Ma GX, Clapper ML. Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106778-106789. [PMID: 29290988 PMCID: PMC5739773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous data from this group demonstrate that the murine lung metabolizes estrogen. Production of the putative carcinogen 4-hydroxyestrogen (4-OHE) is elevated within the lungs of female vs. male mice and accelerated by tobacco smoke. The goal of this study was to determine if the human lung metabolizes estrogen and evaluate the impact of tumor formation, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity on metabolism. Urine and lung tissue (normal, tumor) were obtained from 49 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Healthy postmenopausal Caucasian (n = 19) and Chinese (n = 20) American women (never-smokers) donated urine. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicate that multiple estrogen synthesis and metabolism genes are expressed in human bronchoalveolar cells. Estrogen and its metabolites were measured in lung tissue and urine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon rank tests were used for statistical comparisons. E1, E2, E3 and estrogen metabolites 2-OHE1, 2-OHE2, 4-OHE1, 4-OHE2, 2-OME1 and 2-OME2 were detected at higher levels in tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue and in women vs. men (P < 0.05). The proportion of 4-OHEs was higher in tumors than in normal lung tissue (P < 0.05), and elevated in normal tissue from current- vs. never-smoking women (P = 0.006); similar trends were observed in urine. The proportion of 4-OHEs in the urine of postmenopausal Chinese American women was 1.8-fold higher than that of Caucasian women (P = 0.015). These data indicate that estrogen metabolites are present in the human lung. A shift towards 4-hydroxylation during lung tumorigenesis may contribute to the risk conferred by smoking, sex or race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sibele I Meireles
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - William E Smith
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Michael J Slifker
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Stacy L Riel
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Shumenghui Zhai
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Guo Zhang
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiang Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Margie L Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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He F, Xie JX, Liu CL, Xiong WM, Xu QP, Liu ZQ, Lin T, Xiao RD, Li X, Cai L. The relationship of lung cancer with menstrual and reproductive factors may be influenced by passive smoking, cooking oil fumes, and tea intake: A case-control study in Chinese women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8816. [PMID: 29145344 PMCID: PMC5704889 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of menstrual and reproductive factors with risk of lung cancer in women. Potential etiological clues related to lung cancer in women are identified to inform preventive strategies.Case-control study of 477 newly diagnosed women with lung cancer and 479 age-matched (±2 years) controls. Data on menstrual and reproductive factors and history of oral contraceptive use were obtained on personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis.Maternal age ≥25 years at first birth appeared to protect against female lung cancer [odds ratios (ORs): 0.511, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.376-0.693]. Age at menopause > 50 years and use of contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in women (OR: 1.471, 95% CI, 1.021-2.119 and OR: 1.844, 95% CI: 1.111-3.061, respectively). Age ≥13 years at menarche was associated with a decreased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 0.563, 95% CI, 0.317-0.997). There was significant heterogeneity in the levels of cooking oil fume (COF) exposure (Pheterogeneity = .015). Higher levels of exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.Menstrual and reproductive factors are considered to play a role in the development of lung cancer in women. Exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake appeared to significantly modify the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian
| | - Jing-xian Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiamen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Chun-lan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Wei-min Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Qiu-ping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
| | - Ren-dong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Słowikowski BK, Gałęcki B, Dyszkiewicz W, Jagodziński PP. Decreased expression of cytochrome p450 1B1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:339-345. [PMID: 28858732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have associated oestrogen metabolism and cigarette smoking with their carcinogenic impact on the lungs. Compounds commonly found in tobacco smoke induce the activity of CYP1B1, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of catecholic derivatives of oestrogens. During their redox transformations, these structures can release large amounts of reactive oxygen species or can form DNA adducts, which lead to the decomposition of genetic material. This process may illustrate the synergistic effect of oestrogenic activity and tobacco combustion on oestrogen-dependant lung cancer development. There is considerable evidence suggesting that the level of oestrogen in lung tumours is elevated. Therefore, by using reverse transcription, real-time PCR and Western Blot analysis, we evaluated the CYP1B1 status in tissues from 76 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to confirm whether potential overexpression of CYP1B1 may impact lung cancerogenesis induced by oestrogens. We found significantly lower levels of CYP1B1 transcripts (p=0.00001) and proteins (p=0.000085) in lung tumour material compared to corresponding, histopathologically unchanged tissues. We also analysed the association of CYP1B1 expression with gender, age and clinicopathological data of NSCLC patients. We observed lower amounts of CYP1B1 occurring in the middle stages of LC, regardless of gender, age or histological type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Gałęcki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 62 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dyszkiewicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 62 Street, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Hsu LH, Chu NM, Kao SH. Estrogen, Estrogen Receptor and Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081713. [PMID: 28783064 PMCID: PMC5578103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has been postulated as a contributor for lung cancer development and progression. We reviewed the current knowledge about the expression and prognostic implications of the estrogen receptors (ER) in lung cancer, the effect and signaling pathway of estrogen on lung cancer, the hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk and survival, the mechanistic relationship between the ER and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the relevant clinical trials combining the ER antagonist and the EGFR antagonist, to investigate the role of estrogen in lung cancer. Estrogen and its receptor have the potential to become a prognosticator and a therapeutic target in lung cancer. On the other hand, tobacco smoking aggravates the effect of estrogen and endocrine disruptive chemicals from the environment targeting ER may well contribute to the lung carcinogenesis. They have gradually become important issues in the course of preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Medical School, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Nei-Min Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Huei Kao
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Konings GFJ, Reynaert NL, Delvoux B, Verhamme FM, Bracke KR, Brusselle GG, Romano A, Vernooy JHJ. Increased levels of enzymes involved in local estradiol synthesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:23-31. [PMID: 27940297 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Steroid hormones are involved in lung development, pulmonary inflammation, and lung cancer. Estrogen signaling and exposure may play a role in pulmonary disorders, including COPD. In both genders, estrogens can be generated locally in the lungs and this contributes importantly to the tissue exposure to these steroids. OBJECTIVE To characterize and assess differences in localization of estrogen receptors and enzymes involved in the local generation of estrogens in COPD. METHODS Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα/ESR1), Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) were explored by real-time (RT)-PCR analysis (mRNA expression), immunohistochemistry and western blotting in controls and COPD patients. mRNA expression of the enzymes involved in the local estrogen generation - i.e. aromatase (CYP19A1), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 12, steroid sulfatase (STS) and sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) - were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS ERα, ERβ and GPER were expressed in lung tissue, but no differences were observed between patients and controls. The main enzymes involved in local estrogen generation were also present in both normal and COPD lung tissue. In lungs of COPD patients compared with controls, we observed increased expression of the enzymes 17β-HSD type 1 and aromatase (positive association), both involved in the local synthesis of active estrogens. CONCLUSION All ER subtypes are present in the lung. The shift in local mRNA level of estrogen metabolic enzymes suggests that exposure to estrogens is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F J Konings
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands.
| | - N L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B Delvoux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - F M Verhamme
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - J H J Vernooy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Słowikowski BK, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. Exploring estrogenic activity in lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:35-50. [PMID: 27783191 PMCID: PMC5310573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a connection between xenobiotics inhalation, especially tobacco combustion and Lung Cancer development is strongly significant and indisputable. However, recent studies provide evidence indicating that another factors such as, estrogens are also involved in lung carcinoma biology and metabolism. Although the status of estrogen receptors (ER), in both cancerous and healthy lung tissue has been well documented, there is still inconclusive data with respect of which isoform of the receptor is present in the lungs. However according to several studies, ERβ appears to be predominant form. Apart from ERs, estrogens can work through a recently discovered G-coupled estrogen receptor. Binding with both types of the receptors causes a signal, which leads to i.e. enhanced cell proliferation. There are many published reports which suggest that estrogen can be synthesized in situ in lung cancer. Some disturbances in the activity and expression levels of enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis were proved. This suggests that increased amounts of sex-steroid hormones can affect cells biology and be the reason of the accelerated development and pathogenesis of lung cancer. There also exist phenomena which associate estrogenic metabolism and tobacco combustion and its carcinogenic influence on the lungs. Compounds present in cigarette smoke induce the activity of CYP1B1, the enzyme responsible for estrogenic metabolism and synthesis of their cateholic derivatives. These structures during their redox cycle are able to release reactive oxygen species or form DNA adduct, which generally leads to destruction of genetic material. This process may explain the synergistic effect of smoking and estrogens on estrogen-dependent lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
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Assaggaf H, Felty Q. Gender, Estrogen, and Obliterative Lesions in the Lung. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8475701. [PMID: 28469671 PMCID: PMC5392403 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8475701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender has been shown to impact the prevalence of several lung diseases such as cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Controversy over the protective effects of estrogen on the cardiopulmonary system should be of no surprise as clinical trials of hormone replacement therapy have failed to show benefits observed in experimental models. Potential confounders to explain these inconsistent estrogenic effects include the dose, cellular context, and systemic versus local tissue levels of estrogen. Idiopathic PAH is disproportionately found to be up to 4 times more common in females than in males; however, estrogen levels cannot explain why males develop PAH sooner and have poorer survival. Since the sex steroid hormone 17β-estradiol is a mitogen, obliterative processes in the lung such as cell proliferation and migration may impact the growth of pulmonary tissue or vascular cells. We have reviewed evidence for biological differences of sex-specific lung obliterative lesions and highlighted cell context-specific effects of estrogen in the formation of vessel lumen-obliterating lesions. Based on this information, we provide a biological-based mechanism to explain the sex difference in PAH severity as well as propose a mechanism for the formation of obliterative vascular lesions by estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- *Quentin Felty:
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40
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Song J, Wu Z, Wangtrakuldee B, Choi SR, Zha Z, Ploessl K, Mach RH, Kung H. 4-(((4-Iodophenyl)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)-benzonitrile: A Potential Imaging Agent for Aromatase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9370-9380. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Beijing
Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing
Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Beau Wangtrakuldee
- Department
of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center
for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hank Kung
- Beijing
Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3700 Market Street, Suite 305, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Skjefstad K, Grindstad T, Khanehkenari MR, Richardsen E, Donnem T, Kilvaer T, Andersen S, Bremnes RM, Busund LT, Al-Saad S. Prognostic relevance of estrogen receptor α, β and aromatase expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Steroids 2016; 113:5-13. [PMID: 27234503 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroids and their receptors are important in the fetal development of normal lung tissue. In addition emerging evidence reveals their significance in lung cancer pathogenesis. This encourages the exploitation of hormone receptors as treatment targets in lung cancer, as it has been successfully used in breast cancer. This study investigates the prognostic impact of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β and the aromatase (AR) enzyme in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor tissue from 335 NSCLC patients was collected and tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of ERα, ERβ and AR in the cytoplasme and nuclei of cells in the tumor epithelial and stromal compartment. By use of survival statistics we investigated the markers impact on disease-specific survival (DSS). Nuclear ERβ expression in tumor epithelial cells in female patients (HR 3.03; 95% CI 1.39-6.61) and tumor cell AR expression in all patients (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.08-2.23) were significant negative prognostic markers of disease-specific survival in our cohort. High ERβ expression correlates with worse outcome in female patients. Further, patients with high AR expression had an unfavorable prognostic outcome compared with patients expressing low AR levels. These results emphasize the importance of sex steroids role in NSCLC, and, as anti-hormonal drugs are widely available, could lead to the development of novel palliative or even adjuvant treatment strategies in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Skjefstad
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway.
| | - Thea Grindstad
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | | | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Tom Donnem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Thomas Kilvaer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Roy M Bremnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Samer Al-Saad
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway; Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway
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Ikeda K, Shiraishi K, Yoshida A, Shinchi Y, Sanada M, Motooka Y, Fujino K, Mori T, Suzuki M. Synchronous Multiple Lung Adenocarcinomas: Estrogen Concentration in Peripheral Lung. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160910. [PMID: 27526096 PMCID: PMC4985140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection rate of synchronous multiple lung adenocarcinomas (SMLA), which display multiple ground glass opacity nodules in the peripheral lung, is increasing due to advances in high resolution computed tomography. The backgrounds of multicentric development of adenocarcinoma are unknown. In this study, we quantitated estrogen concentration in the peripheral lungs of postmenopausal female patients with SMLA. METHODS The tissue concentration of estrogens (estrone [E1] and estdadiol [E2]) in the noncancerous peripheral lung were measured with liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in postmenopausal female patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The expression levels of CYP19A1 in the normal lung were also quantitated with real-time PCR. Thirty patients with SMLA and 79 cases of control patients with single lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. RESULTS The concentrations of E1 and E2 in the noncancerous tissue were significantly higher in SMLA cases than control cases (P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). The minor allele (A) of single nucleotide polymorphism rs3764221 were significantly associated with higher concentration of E1 and E2 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01, respectively) and higher CYP19A1 mRNA expression (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The tissue estrogen concentration of peripheral lung was significantly higher in SMLA than control cases. The high concentration of estrogen may be one of the causes of multicentric development of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Ikeda
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kenji Shiraishi
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinchi
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mune Sanada
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yamato Motooka
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujino
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Wang LJ, Li J, Hao FR, Yuan Y, Li JY, Lu W, Zhou TY. Dexamethasone suppresses the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer via inducing estrogen sulfotransferase and inactivating estrogen. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:845-56. [PMID: 27133297 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dexamethasone (DEX) is a widely used synthetic glucocorticoid, which has shown anti-cancer efficacy and anti-estrogenic activity. In this study we explored the possibility that DEX might be used as an endocrine therapeutic agent to treat human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The viability and proliferation of human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299 were assessed in vitro. Anti-tumor action was also evaluated in A549 xenograft nude mice treated with DEX (2 or 4 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) or the positive control tamoxifen (50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) for 32 d. The expression of estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) in tumor cells and tissues was examined. The intratumoral estrogen levels and uterine estrogen responses were measured. RESULTS DEX displayed mild cytotoxicity to the NSCLC cells (IC50 >500 μmol/L) compared to tamoxifen (IC50 <50 μmol/L), but it was able to inhibit the cell proliferation at low micromolar ranges. Furthermore, DEX (0.1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently up-regulated EST expression in the cells, and inhibited the cell migration in vitro. Triclosan, a sulfation inhibitor, was able to diminish DEX-caused inhibition on the cell viability. In A549 xenograft nude mice, DEX or tamoxifen administration remarkably suppressed the tumor growth. Moreover, DEX administration dose-dependently increased EST expression in tumor tissues, and reduced intratumoral estrogen levels as well as the volumes and weights of uterine. CONCLUSION DEX suppresses the growth of A549 xenograft tumors via inducing EST and decreasing estradiol levels in tumor tissues, suggesting that DEX may be used as anti-estrogenic agent for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Ma L, Zhan P, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Zhu Q, Miu Y, Wang X, Jin J, Li Q, Lv T, Song Y. Prognostic value of the expression of estrogen receptor β in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:202-7. [PMID: 27186517 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2016.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and the second leading cause in women worldwide. It is becoming increasingly clear that estrogen and estrogen receptors are involved in the pathogenesis and development of lung cancer. However, observational studies on the prognostic role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. METHODS To clarify the impact of ERβ in NSCLC survival, we performed this meta-analysis that included eligible studies. The combined hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in terms of overall survival. RESULTS A total of eleven studies with 3,300 patients were evaluable for this meta-analysis. Our results suggested that ERβ overexpression had no relationship on survival of patients with NSCLC, the HR (95% CI) was 1.000 (0.954-1.047) overall. Moreover, there was no heterogeneity between the studies. CONCLUSIONS ERβ overexpression indicates no relationship of prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zejun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yingying Miu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
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Tanaka K, Shimizu K, Kakegawa S, Ohtaki Y, Nagashima T, Kaira K, Horiguchi J, Oyama T, Takeyoshi I. Prognostic significance of aromatase and estrogen receptor beta expression in EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:81-97. [PMID: 27069542 PMCID: PMC4759418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on recent findings of aromatase and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer, we assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of aromatase and ERβ expression and their relationship to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 150 resected primary lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Expression of aromatase, ERα, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was evaluated by immunostaining, and EGFR and KRAS mutations were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Expression of aromatase, ERα, ERβ, PR, and HER2 was detected in 88.0%, 1.3%, 79.3%, 2.7%, and 39.3% of specimens, respectively. In patients with EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma, high aromatase expression was an independent predictor of poor OS (hazard ratio [HR]=2.638; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.173-5.936; P=.019) and RFS (HR=2.505; 95% CI, 1.154-5.434; P=.020). Positive ERβ expression was also an independent predictor of poor RFS (HR=4.013; 95% CI, 1.219-13.207; P=.022). Furthermore, high aromatase expression was a significant predictor of poor survival only in females (OS, P=.010; RFS, P=.007), whereas positive ERβ expression was an important predictor of poor survival only in males (OS, P=.073; RFS, P=.051). No prognostic significance was observed in patients with EGFR mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma is an estrogen-dependent carcinoma, and aromatase expression and ERβ expression are potent prognostic markers for EGFR wild-type lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kakegawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiteru Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Sathish V, Prakash Y. Sex Differences in Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology. SEX DIFFERENCES IN PHYSIOLOGY 2016:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802388-4.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Chlebowski RT, Wakelee H, Pettinger M, Rohan T, Liu J, Simon M, Tindle H, Messina C, Johnson K, Schwartz A, Gass M, Wactawski-Wende J. Estrogen Plus Progestin and Lung Cancer: Follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:10-7.e1. [PMID: 26577506 PMCID: PMC6855180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin trial, after 5.6 years' intervention and 8 years' median follow-up, more women died from lung cancer in the hormone therapy group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.52; P = .01). Now after 14 years' median follow-up, we reexamined combined hormone therapy effects on lung cancer mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the WHI placebo-controlled trial, 16,608 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years and with an intact uterus were randomly assigned to once-daily 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102). Incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer were assessed from multivariant proportional hazard models. RESULTS After 14 years' cumulative follow-up, there were 219 lung cancers (0.19% per year) in the estrogen plus progestin group and 184 (0.17%) in the placebo group (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.92-1.37; P = .24). While there were more deaths from lung cancer with combined hormone therapy (153 [0.13%] vs. 132 [0.12%], respectively), the difference was not statistically significant (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.87-1.38; P = .45). The statistically significant increase in deaths from lung cancer observed during intervention in women assigned to estrogen plus progestin was attenuated after discontinuation of study pills (linear trend over time, P = .042). CONCLUSION The increased risk of death from lung cancer observed during estrogen plus progestin use was attenuated after discontinuation of combined hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan T Chlebowski
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA.
| | | | - Mary Pettinger
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael Simon
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Karen Johnson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Ann Schwartz
- The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margery Gass
- The North American Menopause Society, Maryland Heights, OH
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- University of Buffalo, School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY
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48
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Biegon A. In vivo visualization of aromatase in animals and humans. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 40:42-51. [PMID: 26456904 PMCID: PMC4783227 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase catalyzes the last and obligatory step in the biosynthesis of estrogens across species. In vivo visualization of aromatase can be performed using positron emission tomography (PET) with radiolabeled aromatase inhibitors such as [(11)C]vorozole. PET studies in rats, monkeys and healthy human subjects demonstrate widespread but heterogeneous aromatase availability in brain and body, which appears to be regulated in a species, sex and region-specific manner. Thus, aromatase availability is high in brain amygdala and in ovaries of all species examined to date, with males demonstrating higher levels than females in all comparable organs. However, the highest concentrations of aromatase in the human brain are found in specific nuclei of the thalamus while the highest levels in rats and monkeys are found in the amygdala. Regional brain aromatase availability is increased by androgens and inhibited by nicotine. Future studies may improve diagnosis and treatment in brain disorders and cancers overexpressing aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Biegon
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2565, United States.
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49
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He J, Song X. [Advances in Association of Estrogen and Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2015; 18:315-20. [PMID: 25975303 PMCID: PMC6015211 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2015.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
肺癌死亡率位居全球癌症之首,其中约85%为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)。虽然其治疗手段有所提高,但死亡率仍然居高不下。越来越多的证据表明,雌激素及雌激素受体参与了NSCLC的发生和发展。雌激素受体调节剂及芳香化酶抑制剂能够逆转NSCLC患者对铂类化疗药物的耐药性,并能增强表皮生长因子受体的酪氨酸酶抑制剂的疗效。本文就雌激素系统及抗雌激素治疗在NSCLC中的作用作一综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
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50
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Yenerall P, Kittler R. Minireview: Familiar Faces in Unfamiliar Places: The Emerging Role of Nuclear Receptors in Lung Cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1675-83. [PMID: 26484581 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that are frequently modulated by ligands and control various cancer-relevant cellular pathways, such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, and metabolism. These properties make them excellent therapeutic targets in cancers dependent upon their activity, and as such, 3 NRs, estrogen receptor-α, androgen receptor, and retinoic acid receptor-α (more specifically, the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-α translocation), have been targeted clinically in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and acute promyelocytic leukemia, respectively. Recently, a number of studies have highlighted a putative role for NRs in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a highly lethal type of lung cancer with relatively few targeted agents. Here, we review the potential roles of selected NRs in NSCLC and offer insights on how NRs may be leveraged in NSCLC to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yenerall
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development (P.Y., R.K.), Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research (P.Y., R.K.), Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.K.), Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (R.K.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development (P.Y., R.K.), Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research (P.Y., R.K.), Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (R.K.), Department of Pharmacology (R.K.), and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (R.K.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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