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Eyrolle F, Chaboche PA, Lepage H, Gouin VN, Boyer P, De Vismes A, Seignemartin G, Badariotti D, Chabaux F, Chastanet M, Claval D, Copard Y, Coynel A, Debret M, Delus C, Euzen C, Gardes T, Giner F, Gurriaran R, Grenz C, Grosbois C, Lestel L, Losson B, Mansuy-Huault L, Montarges-Pelletier E, Morereau A, Mourier B, Mourier D, Ollive V, Papillon L, Schafer J, Schmitt L, Sempere R, Winiarski T, Zebracki M, Evrard O. Temporal trajectories of artificial radiocaesium 137Cs in French rivers over the nuclear era reconstructed from sediment cores. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14213. [PMID: 38902351 PMCID: PMC11189920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
137Cs is a long-lived man-made radionuclide introduced in the environment worldwide at the early beginning of the nuclear Era during atmospheric nuclear testing's followed by the civil use of nuclear energy. Atmospheric fallout deposition of this major artificial radionuclide was reconstructed at the scale of French large river basins since 1945, and trajectories in French nuclearized rivers were established using sediment coring. Our results show that 137Cs contents in sediments of the studied rivers display a large spatial and temporal variability in response to the various anthropogenic pressures exerted on their catchment. The Loire, Rhone, and Rhine rivers were the most affected by atmospheric fallout from the global deposition from nuclear tests. Rhine and Rhone also received significant fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and recorded significant 137Cs concentrations in their sediments over the 1970-1985 period due to the regulatory releases from the nuclear industries. The Meuse River was notably impacted in the early 1970s by industrial releases. In contrast, the Seine River display the lowest 137Cs concentrations regardless of the period. All the rivers responded similarly over time to atmospheric fallout on their catchment, underlying a rather homogeneous resilience capacity of these river systems to this source of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Eyrolle
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Pierre-Alexis Chaboche
- International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research in Japan (Standard)), Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hugo Lepage
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Valérie Nicoulaud Gouin
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Patrick Boyer
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Anne De Vismes
- PSE-ENV, SAME/LMRE, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Bois des Rames, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Gabrielle Seignemartin
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Dominique Badariotti
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement (LIVE UMR 7362), CNRS, ENGEES, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François Chabaux
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 5 rue René Descartes, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - David Claval
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- CNRS-M2C Lab. Department Geosciences and Environment, University of Rouen-Normandy, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | | | - Maxime Debret
- CNRS-M2C Lab. Department Geosciences and Environment, University of Rouen-Normandy, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Claire Delus
- EA 7304 "LOTERR", Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Cassandra Euzen
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement (LIVE UMR 7362), CNRS, ENGEES, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Franck Giner
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Rodolfo Gurriaran
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Christian Grenz
- CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Grosbois
- UR 6293 Géohydrosystèmes Continentaux (GéHCO), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, Cedex, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Laurence Lestel
- METIS - Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les Hydrosystèmes et les Sols, UMR 7619, Sorbonne Université, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Losson
- EA 7304 "LOTERR", Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurence Mansuy-Huault
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 54000, Nancy, France
- ZAM - Zone Atelier du Bassin de La Moselle [LTSER France], Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 54000, Nancy, France
- ZAM - Zone Atelier du Bassin de La Moselle [LTSER France], Nancy, France
| | - Amandine Morereau
- METIS - Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les Hydrosystèmes et les Sols, UMR 7619, Sorbonne Université, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Brice Mourier
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - David Mourier
- PSE-ENV, STAAR/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 3, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | | | - Laure Papillon
- CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurent Schmitt
- Laboratoire Image Ville Environnement (LIVE UMR 7362), CNRS, ENGEES, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard Sempere
- CNRS, LCE, UMR 7376, Ocean Sciences Institute, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thierry Winiarski
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Mathilde Zebracki
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-ENV/SPDR/LT2S, 13115, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay - l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Synthetic Amphoteric Cryogels as an Antidote against Acute Heavy Metal Poisoning. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247601. [PMID: 34946690 PMCID: PMC8704044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of an amphoteric cryogel (AAC) as an oral sorbent (enerosorbent) for the treatment of acute poisoning of small animals (rats) with heavy metals (HMs) was studied in in vivo experiments. The morphological structure of the cryogel was examined using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and confocal microscopy. The use of the cryogel in the treatment of rats administered an LD50 dose of Cd(NO3)2, CsNO3, Sr(NO3)2, or HgCl2 in aqueous solution showed their high survival rate compared to the control group, which did not receive such treatment. The histological and chemical analysis of internal tissues and the biochemical analysis of the blood of the experimental animals showed the effectiveness of the cryogel in protecting the animals against the damaging effect of HMs on the organism comparable with unithiol, a chelating agent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid sodium salt (DMPS) approved for the treatment of acute poisoning with some heavy metals.
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Mikhalovsky S, Voytko O, Demchenko V, Demchenko P. Enterosorption in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Poisoning. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2021. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2021.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterosorption is a cost-effective and efficient approach to reducing the impact of chronic exposure to heavy metals and radionuclides. As an auxiliary method to medical treatment, it can protect population chronically exposed to the intake of heavy metals or radioactivity due to industrial activities or in the aftermath of technogenic or natural accidents. This paper assesses the current state of the art in the treatment of acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning.
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Cwikel J, Sheiner E, Sergienko R, Slusky D, Quastel M. Hospitalizations Among Chernobyl-Exposed Immigrants to the Negev of Israel, 1992-2017: A Historical Follow-Up Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:469-480. [PMID: 33974176 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
On April 26th, 1986 the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded, causing the worst radiation disaster in history. The aim was to estimate hospitalization rates among exposed civilians who later immigrated to Israel. We conducted a historical follow-up study, among persons exposed to Chernobyl (n = 1128) using linked hospitalization records from Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC), compared with immigrants from other areas of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) (n = 11,574), immigrants not from FSU (n = 11,742) and native-born Israelis (n = 8351), matched on age and gender (N = 32,795). Hospitalizations for specific ICD-10 coded diagnostic groups were analyzed by exposure and comparison groups by gender and age at accident. In addition, the rate of hospitalization, and the duration of hospital days and the number of hospitalizations for these selected diagnostic groups was also calculated. Hospitalizations for specific ICD-10 coded diagnostic groups and for any hospitalization in these diagnostic groups in general were analyzed by exposure and comparison groups and by covariates (gender and age at accident). The rate of any hospitalization for the selected diagnostic groups was elevated in the low exposure Chernobyl group (51.1%), which was significantly higher than the immigrant (41.6%) and the Israel-born comparison group (35.1%) (p < .01) but did not differ from either the high exposure group (46.9%) or the FSU comparison group (46.4%), according to the post-hoc tests. The total number of hospitalizations in the low exposure Chernobyl group (2.35) differed from the immigrant (1.73) and Israel comparison group (1.26) (p < .01) but did not differ from the FSU comparison group (1.73) or the high exposure group (2.10). Low exposure women showed higher rates of circulatory hospitalizations (33.8%) compared to immigrants (22.8%) and Israeli born (16.5%), while high exposure women (27.5%) only differed from Israelis (p < .01). Neither exposure group differed from FSU immigrant women on the rate of circulatory hospitalizations. Post-hoc tests showed that among women in the low exposure group, there was a significant difference in rate of hospitalizations for neoplasms (28.6%) compared to the three comparison groups; FSU (18.6%), immigrants (15.7%) and Israel (13.1) (p < .01). Those among the low exposure group who were over the age of 20 at the time of the accident showed the higher rates of circulatory (51.2%) and neoplasm hospitalizations (33.3%), compared to the other immigrant groups (p < .01). When controlling for both age at accident and gender, hospitalizations for neoplasms were higher among Chernobyl-exposed populations (RR = 1.65, RR = 1.77 for high and low-exposure groups, respectively) compared to other FSU immigrants (RR = 1.31) other immigrants (RR = 1.11) and Israeli born (RR = 1.0) after controlling for gender and age at accident. High RRs attributable to Chernobyl exposure were also found for circulatory diseases compared to other immigrants and Israeli born (RRs = 1.50, 1.47 for high and low exposure compared to 1.11. and 1.0, other immigrants and Israeli born, respectively). Endocrine problems and disorders of the eye also showed elevated RR compared to the immigrant comparison groups. Respiratory and mental disorders did not show any consistent association with Chernobyl exposure. The findings support unique Chernobyl morbidity associations only in some diagnostic groups, particularly for low exposure women. General immigration effects on hospitalizations compared to the Israeli born population were found on all diagnostic groups. There is a need to improve the services and medical follow-up for these Chernobyl exposed groups in specific diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cwikel
- Chilewich Family Chair in Studies in Social Integration, Spitzer Department of Social Work, & BGU Center for Women's Health Studies and Promotion, POB 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- OB-GYN (Women's B Ward), Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Michael Quastel
- Nuclear Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center (retired), Beer Sheva, Israel
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Moslemi M. Reviewing the recent advances in application of pectin for technical and health promotion purposes: From laboratory to market. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Meusburger K, Evrard O, Alewell C, Borrelli P, Cinelli G, Ketterer M, Mabit L, Panagos P, van Oost K, Ballabio C. Plutonium aided reconstruction of caesium atmospheric fallout in European topsoils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11858. [PMID: 32678221 PMCID: PMC7366645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Global nuclear weapon testing and the Chernobyl accident have released large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. However, to date, the spatial patterns of these fallout sources remain poorly constrained. Fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu) were measured in soil samples (n = 160) collected at flat, undisturbed grasslands in Western Europe in the framework of a harmonised European soil survey. We show that both fallout sources left a specific radionuclide imprint in European soils. Accordingly, we used plutonium to quantify contributions of global versus Chernobyl fallout to 137Cs found in European soils. Spatial prediction models allowed for a first assessment of the global versus Chernobyl fallout pattern across national boundaries. Understanding the magnitude of these fallout sources is crucial not only to establish a baseline in case of future radionuclide fallout but also to define a baseline for geomorphological reconstructions of soil redistribution due to soil erosion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Christine Alewell
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cinelli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Michael Ketterer
- Chemistry Department, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lionel Mabit
- Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCNL), Joint FAO, IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Kristof van Oost
- TECLIM, George Lemaitre Center for Earth and Climate, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristiano Ballabio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, VA, Italy
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Ostroumova E, Schüz J, Kesminiene A. Future of Chernobyl research: the urgency for consolidated action. Lancet 2020; 395:1037-1038. [PMID: 32199076 PMCID: PMC7270813 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69008, France
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9
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The Hiroshima/Nagasaki Survivor Studies: Discrepancies Between Results and General Perception. Genetics 2017; 203:1505-12. [PMID: 27516613 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosion of atom bombs over the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 resulted in very high casualties, both immediate and delayed but also left a large number of survivors who had been exposed to radiation, at levels that could be fairly precisely ascertained. Extensive follow-up of a large cohort of survivors (120,000) and of their offspring (77,000) was initiated in 1947 and continues to this day. In essence, survivors having received 1 Gy irradiation (∼1000 mSV) have a significantly elevated rate of cancer (42% increase) but a limited decrease of longevity (∼1 year), while their offspring show no increased frequency of abnormalities and, so far, no detectable elevation of the mutation rate. Current acceptable exposure levels for the general population and for workers in the nuclear industry have largely been derived from these studies, which have been reported in more than 100 publications. Yet the general public, and indeed most scientists, are unaware of these data: it is widely believed that irradiated survivors suffered a very high cancer burden and dramatically shortened life span, and that their progeny were affected by elevated mutation rates and frequent abnormalities. In this article, I summarize the results and discuss possible reasons for this very striking discrepancy between the facts and general beliefs about this situation.
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Buesseler K, Dai M, Aoyama M, Benitez-Nelson C, Charmasson S, Higley K, Maderich V, Masqué P, Morris PJ, Oughton D, Smith JN. Fukushima Daiichi-Derived Radionuclides in the Ocean: Transport, Fate, and Impacts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2017; 9:173-203. [PMID: 27359052 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The events that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, included the loss of power and overheating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, which led to extensive releases of radioactive gases, volatiles, and liquids, particularly to the coastal ocean. The fate of these radionuclides depends in large part on their oceanic geochemistry, physical processes, and biological uptake. Whereas radioactivity on land can be resampled and its distribution mapped, releases to the marine environment are harder to characterize owing to variability in ocean currents and the general challenges of sampling at sea. Five years later, it is appropriate to review what happened in terms of the sources, transport, and fate of these radionuclides in the ocean. In addition to the oceanic behavior of these contaminants, this review considers the potential health effects and societal impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Buesseler
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;
| | - Minhan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Michio Aoyama
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan;
| | | | - Sabine Charmasson
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV, La Seyne/Mer 83507, France;
| | - Kathryn Higley
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;
| | - Vladimir Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Kiev 03680, Ukraine;
| | - Pere Masqué
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia;
- Departament de Física, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelon, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paul J Morris
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, MC 98000, Monaco;
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway;
| | - John N Smith
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth B2Y 4A2, Canada;
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DeBo RJ, Lees CJ, Dugan GO, Caudell DL, Michalson KT, Hanbury DB, Kavanagh K, Cline JM, Register TC. Late Effects of Total-Body Gamma Irradiation on Cardiac Structure and Function in Male Rhesus Macaques. Radiat Res 2016; 186:55-64. [PMID: 27333082 PMCID: PMC5068576 DOI: 10.1667/rr14357.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is an increasingly recognized, serious late effect of radiation exposure, most notably among breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease survivors, as well as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late effects of total-body irradiation (TBI) on cardiac morphology, function and selected circulating biomarkers in a well-established nonhuman primate model. For this study we used male rhesus macaques that were exposed to a single total-body dose of ionizing gamma radiation (6.5-8.4 Gy) 5.6-9.7 years earlier at ages ranging from ∼3-10 years old and a cohort of nonirradiated controls. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed annually for 3 years on 20 irradiated and 11 control animals. Myocardium was examined grossly and histologically, and myocardial fibrosis/collagen was assessed microscopically and by morphometric analysis of Masson's trichrome-stained sections. Serum/plasma from 27 irradiated and 13 control animals was evaluated for circulating biomarkers of cardiac damage [N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic protein (nt-proBNP) and troponin-I], inflammation (CRP, IL-6, MCP-1, sICAM) and microbial translocation [LPS-binding protein (LBP) and sCD14]. A higher prevalence of histological myocardial fibrosis was observed in the hearts obtained from the irradiated animals (9/14) relative to controls (0/3) (P = 0.04, χ(2)). Echocardiographically determined left ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameters were significantly smaller in irradiated animals (repeated measures ANOVA, P < 0.001 and P < 0.008, respectively). Histomorphometric analysis of trichrome-stained sections of heart tissue demonstrated ∼14.9 ± 1.4% (mean ± SEM) of myocardial area staining for collagen in irradiated animals compared to 9.1 ± 0.9 % in control animals. Circulating levels of MCP-1 and LBP were significantly higher in irradiated animals (P < 0.05). A high incidence of diabetes in the irradiated animals was associated with higher plasma triglyceride and lower HDLc but did not appear to be associated with cardiovascular phenotypes. These results demonstrate that single total-body doses of 6.5-8.4 Gy produced long-term effects including a high incidence of myocardial fibrosis, reduced left ventricular diameter and elevated systemic inflammation. Additional prospective studies are required to define the time course and mechanisms underlying radiation-induced heart disease in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia J. Lees
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Greg O. Dugan
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David L. Caudell
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kris T. Michalson
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David B. Hanbury
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology/Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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McMahon DM, Vdovenko VY, Stepanova YI, Karmaus W, Zhang H, Irving E, Svendsen ER. Dietary supplementation with radionuclide free food improves children's health following community exposure to (137)Cesium: a prospective study. Environ Health 2015; 14:94. [PMID: 26689948 PMCID: PMC4687105 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986, vast areas of Ukraine became contaminated with radionuclides. We examined health effects of school-based food intervention for children in a rural region Narodichi, Ukraine, exposed to low-level radiation through diet of locally produced foods. Until 1995, children received three daily meals with low content of artificial radionuclides which were subsequently reduced to two. METHODS Annual health screening data (1993-1998) were examined using a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity analysis (n = 947 children; 3,573 repeated measurements). Generalized Estimating Equation models evaluated effect of the food supplementation reduction on hematologic measures and prevalence of anemia, acute respiratory illnesses and diseases of immune system. RESULTS Prior improvement of several hematologic parameters diminished after food supplementation was reduced. From 1995 to 1996, levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes decreased from 12.63 (95% CI: 12.56-12.71) to 12.46 g/dL (% CI: 12.39-12.52) and from 4.10 (95% CI: 4.07-4.12) to 4.02 (95% CI: 4.00-4.04) × 10(12)/L, respectively. In agreement, the prevalence ratio (PR) of previously declining anemia increased from 0.57 to 1.31 per year (p(interaction )< .0001). The relation between food supplementation and hemoglobin levels was modified by residential (137)Cs soil levels. After food supply reduction, PR of common cold and bronchitis increased from 1.27 to 2.32 per year (p(interaction) = 0.01) and from 1.09 to 1.24 per year (p(interaction) = 0.43), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Food supplementation provided by the Ukrainian government likely prevented development of anemia in many of the children residing in the contaminated district. Food supplementation after the community exposure to radioactivity through a diet of locally grown foods should be considered as an effective approach to reduce adverse health effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M McMahon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Vitaliy Y Vdovenko
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Melnikova St., Kiev, 04050, Ukraine.
| | - Yevgenia I Stepanova
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, 53 Melnikova St., Kiev, 04050, Ukraine.
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health University of Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health University of Memphis, 301 Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA.
| | - Euridice Irving
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Erik R Svendsen
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA.
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Polymeric stabilizers for protection of soil and ground against wind and water erosion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 226:17-23. [PMID: 26260276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article is devoted to the design, development and application of a new generation of binders for various dispersed systems, including soil, ground, sand, waste rock and others. The binders are formed by interaction of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, both chemically stable and (bio)degradable. The fundamental aspects of interpolyelectrolyte reactions are discussed; the IPC structure and properties of the resulting interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPCs) allow considering them as unique and universal binders. Numerous results of laboratory experiments and field trials of the IPC formulations are presented. In particular, large-scale tests have been done in the Chernobyl accident zone where the IPC binders were shown to be effective means to suppress water and wind erosion thereby preventing a spread of radioactive particles (radionuclides) from contaminated sites. Ecologically friendly IPC compositions are described, including those based on commercially available polymers; prospects for improving their efficiency and extending the range of their possible use are discussed.
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Mousseau TA, Moller AP. Genetic and Ecological Studies of Animals in Chernobyl and Fukushima. J Hered 2014; 105:704-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bollaerts K, Fierens S, Van Bladel L, Simons K, Sonck M, Poffijn A, Geraets D, Gosselin P, Van Oyen H, Francart J, Van Nieuwenhuyse A. Thyroid cancer incidence in the vicinity of nuclear sites in Belgium, 2000-2008. Thyroid 2014; 24:906-17. [PMID: 24624964 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health concern about nuclear activities have existed since the 1980s. Most studies on this subject investigated childhood leukemia. Thyroid cancer may be another health outcome of interest, because some nuclear installations are a potential source of radioactive iodine isotopes in the environment and because thyroid cancer is known to occur after exposure to these isotopes. METHODS This study describes an ecological study investigating whether there is excessive thyroid cancer incidence among residents living in the vicinity of nuclear sites. Single-site analyses using indirect standardization (standardized incidence ratios [SIRs]) and Poisson regression modeling (rate ratios [RRs]) were conducted. The proximity area is typically defined as a circular zone with a radius of 20 km centered on the site. However, the choice of the size of this area is somewhat arbitrary. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate whether the results vary with radii of increasing proximity. RESULTS No increased thyroid cancer incidence was found within the 20 km proximity area around the nuclear power plants of Doel (SIR=0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64; 0.84] and RR=0.72 [95% CI=0.63; 0.83]) and Tihange (SIR=0.86 [95% CI=0.70; 1.01] and RR=0.85 [95% CI=0.70; 1.02]). For the sites of Mol-Dessel and Fleurus, where a combination of nuclear research and industrial activities are located, the incidences of thyroid cancer within the 20 km proximity area were higher than expected (Mol-Dessel: SIR=1.19 [95% CI=1.01; 1.36] and RR=1.19 [95% CI=1.02; 1.38]; Fleurus: SIR=1.15 [95% CI=1.02; 1.28] and RR=1.17 [95% CI=1.04; 1.33]). For Chooz, a French nuclear power plant close to the Belgian border, the results were unstable as a result of the small population denominator. For all Belgian nuclear sites, the results were generally insensitive to the choice of the proximity area. CONCLUSIONS No evidence for excessive thyroid cancer incidence around the Belgian nuclear power plants was found. On the other hand, an increased incidence of thyroid cancer was observed around the sites with other nuclear activities. Further research is recommended to verify whether the observed increases could be related to the site-specific nuclear activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaatje Bollaerts
- 1 Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction Surveillance and Public Health , Brussels, Belgium
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Therapies from fucoidan; multifunctional marine polymers. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1731-1760. [PMID: 22072995 PMCID: PMC3210604 DOI: 10.3390/md9101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Published research on fucoidans increased three fold between 2000 and 2010. These algal derived marine carbohydrate polymers present numerous valuable bioactivities. This review discusses the role for fucoidan in the control of acute and chronic inflammation via selectin blockade, enzyme inhibition and inhibiting the complement cascade. The recent data on toxicology and uptake of fucoidan is detailed together with a discussion on the comparative activities of fractions of fucoidan from different sources. Recent in vivo, in vitro and clinical research related to diverse clinical needs is discussed. Targets include osteoarthritis, kidney and liver disease, neglected infectious diseases, hemopoietic stem cell modulation, protection from radiation damage and treatments for snake envenomation. In recent years, the production of well characterized reproducible fucoidan fractions on a commercial scale has become possible making therapies from fucoidan a realizable goal.
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Jargin SV. Overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: poorly substantiated information published. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:743-748. [PMID: 20640449 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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