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Caly L, Ghildyal R, Jans DA. Respiratory virus modulation of host nucleocytoplasmic transport; target for therapeutic intervention? Front Microbiol 2015; 6:848. [PMID: 26322040 PMCID: PMC4536372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory diseases caused by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus represent a large social and financial burden on healthcare worldwide. Although all three viruses have distinctly unique properties in terms of infection and replication, they share the ability to exploit/manipulate the host-cell nucleocytoplasmic transport system in order to replicate effectively and efficiently. This review outlines the various ways in which infection by these viruses impacts on the host nucleocytoplasmic transport system, and examples where inhibition thereof in turn decreases viral replication. The highly conserved nature of the nucleocytoplasmic transport system and the viral proteins that interact with it make this virus–host interface a prime candidate for the development of specific antiviral therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Caly
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Faculty of ESTeM, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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Yan M, Zhao K, Du J, Li L, Wu D, Xu S, Zeng X, Wang G, Yu XF. HIV-1 diversity and drug-resistant mutations in infected individuals in Changchun, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100540. [PMID: 24945273 PMCID: PMC4063969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been detected in all provinces of China. Although epidemiological and phylogenetic studies have been conducted in many regions, such analyses are lacking from Jilin province in northeastern China. Method Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses, as well as detection of drug-resistant mutations, were conducted on 57 HIV-1 infected patients from Changchun city identified and confirmed through annual surveillance by local Centers for Disease Control in Jilin province of northeastern China in 2012. Results Sexual contact was determined to be the major pathway for HIV-1 transmission in Jilin, where hetero- and homosexual activities contributed almost equally. Phylogenetic analyses detected multiple subtypes of HIV-1 including subtype G circulating in Jilin, with multiple origins for each of them. Both subtype B and CRF01_AE were dominant, and evidence of subtype B transmitting between different high-risk groups was observed. Mutations in the viral protease at position 71 indicated the presence of a selective pressure. Several drug-resistant mutations were detected, although they were predicted with low-level resistance to antiviral treatments. Conclusions Information from this study fills the gap in knowledge of HIV-1 transmission in Changchun city, Jilin province, China. By revealing the origin and evolutionary status of local HIV-1 strains, this work contributes to ongoing efforts in the control and prevention of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juan Du
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linzhang Li
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Donglin Wu
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shengming Xu
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangchao Zeng
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- * E-mail: (XFY); (GW)
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XFY); (GW)
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Qi H, Zhao K, Xu F, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yang L, Li C, Liang X, Guo W, Chen S, Liu Z, Zhang W, Yu XF. HIV-1 diversity, drug-resistant mutations, and viral evolution among high-risk individuals in phase II HIV vaccine trial sites in southern China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68656. [PMID: 23869225 PMCID: PMC3711821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 prevalence in Guangxi, China, has been growing since 1996, when the first case was reported. Over half of HIV-1 positive patients in Guangxi Province were injecting drug users (IDUs), possibly because of the province’s location near drug-trafficking routes. Since a phase II HIV vaccine trial is ongoing there, a current characterization of the subtypes of HIV-1 among IDUs in Guangxi would provide critical information for future HIV vaccine trials, as well as further control and prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Thus, we conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation of HIV-1 samples from 2008–2010 among IDUs in multiple cities in Guangxi Province. Our results, based on the gag/pol fragment, indicated a very high proportion (78.47%) of HIV-1 CRF08_BC recombinants, some CRF01_AE (15.38%) recombinants, and a low proportion of CRF07_BC (6.15%) recombinants among the IDUs. The high proportion of CRF08 HIV-1 strains among recent IDUs matches the vaccine candidate constructs. However, future vaccine development should also incorporate CRF01-targeted vaccine candidates. Distinct Env sequence evolution patterns were observed for CRF08_BC and CRF01_AE, indicating that different local selection pressures have been exerted on these two HIV-1 subtypes. Unique drug-resistant mutations were also detected, and our data indicate that HIV treatment programs should consider pre-existing drug-resistant mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qi
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuzhao Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunling Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Weigui Guo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Shihai Chen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Paydary K, Khaghani P, Emamzadeh-Fard S, Alinaghi SAS, Baesi K. The emergence of drug resistant HIV variants and novel anti-retroviral therapy. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:515-22. [PMID: 23835806 PMCID: PMC3695575 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After its identification in 1980s, HIV has infected more than 30 million people worldwide. In the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, anti-retroviral drug resistance results from insufficient anti-retroviral pressure, which may lead to treatment failure. Preliminary studies support the idea that anti-retroviral drug resistance has evolved largely as a result of low-adherence of patients to therapy and extensive use of anti-retroviral drugs in the developed world; however, a highly heterogeneous horde of viral quasi-species are currently circulating in developing nations. Thus, the prioritizing of strategies adopted in such two worlds should be quite different considering the varying anti-retroviral drug resistance prevalence. In this article, we explore differences in anti-retroviral drug resistance patterns between developed and developing countries, as they represent two distinct ecological niches of HIV from an evolutionary standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Paydary
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Khaghani
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahra Emamzadeh-Fard
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kazem Baesi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Phylogenetic inferences on HIV-1 transmission: implications for the design of prevention and treatment interventions. AIDS 2013; 27:1045-57. [PMID: 23902920 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32835cffd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Castro-Nallar E, Crandall KA, Pérez-Losada M. Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HIV transmission. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of HIV is one of its most significant features, as it has consequences in global distribution, vaccine design, therapy success, disease progression, transmissibility and viral load testing. Studying HIV diversity helps to understand its origins, migration patterns, current distribution and transmission events. New advances in sequencing technologies based on the parallel acquisition of data are now used to characterize within-host and population processes in depth. Additionally, we have seen similar advances in statistical methods designed to model the past history of lineages (the phylodynamic framework) to ultimately gain better insights into the evolutionary history of HIV. We can, for example, estimate population size changes, lineage dispersion over geographic areas and epidemiological parameters solely from sequence data. In this article, we review some of the evolutionary approaches used to study transmission patterns and processes in HIV and the insights gained from such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Department of Biology, 401 Widtsoe Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5181, USA
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Department of Biology, 401 Widtsoe Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5181, USA
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Nahmias A, Danielsson D. Introduction to The Evolution of Infectious Agents in Relation to Sex. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1230:xiii-xix. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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