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Chomphoo S, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Electron-translucency and partial defects of synaptic basal lamina in the electrocyte synapse of an electric ray (Narke japonica) in 3D embedment-free section electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1647-1653. [PMID: 38461470 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The synaptic basal lamina of the electrocytes was disclosed to be electron-translucent to some extent when viewed in an en-face direction in embedment-free section transmission electron microscopy (EFS-TEM), and synaptic vesicles located close to the presynaptic membrane were seen through the synaptic basal lamina together with the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. This feature of translucency has the potential to analyze possible spatial interrelations in situ between bioactive molecules in the synaptic basal lamina and the synaptic vesicles in further studies. The synaptic basal lamina, appearing as an electron-dense line sandwiched by two parallel lines representing the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes in ultrathin sections cut right to the synaptic junctional plane in conventional TEM, was not fully continuous but randomly intermittent along its trajectory. Compatible with the intermittent line appearance, the en-face 3D view in embedment-free section TEM revealed for the first time partial irregular defects of the synaptic basal lamina. Considering the known functional significance of several molecules contained in the synaptic basal lamina in the maintenance and exertion of the synapse, its partial defects may not represent its rigid structural features, but its immature structure under remodeling or its dynamic changes in consistency such as the sol/gel transition, whose validity needs further examination. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In embedment-free section TEM, a 3D en-face view of synaptic basal lamina in situ is reliably possible. The basal lamina en-face is electron-translucent, which makes it possible to analyze spatial interrelation between pre- and post-synaptic components. Partial irregular defects in the basal lamina are revealed in Torpedo electrocytes, suggesting its remodeling or dynamic changes in consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surang Chomphoo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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2
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Mennen R, Hallmark N, Pallardy M, Bars R, Tinwell H, Piersma A. Genome-wide expression screening in the cardiac embryonic stem cell test shows additional differentiation routes that are regulated by morpholines and piperidines. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100086. [PMID: 36157598 PMCID: PMC9489494 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac embryonic stem cell test (ESTc) is a well-studied non-animal alternative test method based on cardiac cell differentiation inhibition as a measure for developmental toxicity of tested chemicals. In the ESTc, a heterogenic cell population is generated besides cardiomyocytes. Using the full biological domain of ESTc may improve the sensitivity of the test system, possibly broadening the range of chemicals for which developmental effects can be detected in the test. In order to improve our knowledge of the biological and chemical applicability domains of the ESTc, we applied a hypothesis-generating data-driven approach on control samples as follows. A genome-wide expression screening was performed, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), to map the range of developmental pathways in the ESTc and to search for a predictive embryotoxicity biomarker profile, instead of the conventional read-out of beating cardiomyocytes. The detected developmental pathways included circulatory system development, skeletal system development, heart development, muscle and organ tissue development, and nervous system and cell development. Two pesticidal chemical classes, the morpholines and piperidines, were assessed for perturbation of differentiation in the ESTc using NGS. In addition to the anticipated impact on cardiomyocyte differentiation, the other developmental pathways were also regulated, in a concentration-response fashion. Despite the structural differences between the morpholine and piperidine pairs, their gene expression effect patterns were largely comparable. In addition, some chemical-specific gene regulation was also observed, which may help with future mechanistic understanding of specific effects with individual test compounds. These similar and unique regulations of gene expression profiles by the test compounds, adds to our knowledge of the chemical applicability domain, specificity and sensitivity of the ESTc. Knowledge of both the biological and chemical applicability domain contributes to the optimal placement of ESTc in test batteries and in Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA).
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Affiliation(s)
- R.H. Mennen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - N. Hallmark
- Bayer AG Crop Science Division, Monheim, Germany
| | - M. Pallardy
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR996, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - R. Bars
- Bayer Crop Science, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - H. Tinwell
- Bayer Crop Science, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - A.H. Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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3
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Heidarpour N, Singh A, Caputo JM, Barbieri R, Pampana VS, Kamath VG, Kaur G. Unfolding of Novel Independent Missense Mutations in VAMP2 and AGRN and Their Collective Role in Global Developmental Delay: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e28464. [PMID: 36176870 PMCID: PMC9511814 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and Agrin (AGRN) are crucial proteins in neurotransmission. VAMP2 is a vesicular protein that facilitates the exocytosis of neurotransmitters. At the same time, AGRN plays a critical role in the maintenance and function of neuromuscular junctions. Mutations in the signaling pathway of VAMP2 and AGRN impair proper signaling between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, and can result in neurodevelopmental conditions known as global developmental delay (GDD). This study highlights a presentation of GDD in a patient with concurrent mutations in VAMP2 and AGRN. A three-year-old female child presented with GDD characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, and dysphagia. Physical exam exhibited signs of developmental delay and severe muscle weakness. EEG findings were suggestive of a hypsarrhythmia pattern. The ophthalmological evaluation showed partial optic atrophy bilaterally. Therapeutic interventions included Keppra and Topamax, which proved ineffective. The patient’s outcome was inconclusive as care was transferred to another facility. This case study reports the novel appearance of two concurrent mutations: p.Gln76Pro associated with VAMP2 and p.Gln970Glu associated with AGRN. Mutations in VAMP2 lead to a dysfunctional SNARE complex and inhibit exocytosis of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Mutations in AGRN impair the ability to form and activate postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Improper signaling between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons is an important determinant of GDD. We hope that accounting for this mutational pattern will contribute to understanding synapse assembly and help unravel the complex interplay of factors involved in the pathology of neuromuscular disorders and GDD.
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Yu L, Huang W, Sun S, Li Y, Wang M, Li Y, Sun L, Yang Q, Deng F, Shao X, Liu L, Liu C, Qin Y, Feng S, Zhu H, Yang F, Zheng W, Zheng W, Zhong R, Hou L, Mao J, Wang F, Ding J. The Clinical and Genetic Features in Chinese Children With Steroid-Resistant or Early-Onset Nephrotic Syndrome: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:885178. [PMID: 35755072 PMCID: PMC9218096 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.885178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is one of the major causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and young adults. For approximately 30% of children with SRNS results from a genetic cause. In this study, genotype-phenotype correlations in a cohort of 283 pediatric patients with SRNS or early-onset NS (nephrotic syndrome presenting within the first year of life) from 23 major pediatric nephrology centers in China were analyzed. All patients were performed with next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The overall mutation detection rate was 37.5% (106 of 283 patients). WT1 was the most frequently detected mutation, followed by NPHS1, NPHS2, and ADCK4, and these four major causative genes (WT1, NPHS1, NPHS2, and ADCK4) account for 73.6% of patients with monogenic SRNS. Thirteen of 106 individuals (12.3%) carried mutations in ADCK4 that function within the coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway. In the higher frequently ADCK4-related SRNS, two mutations, c.737G>A (p.S246N) and c.748G>C (p.D250H), were the most prevalent. Our study provides not only definitive diagnosis but also facilitate available targeted treatment for SRNS, and prediction of prognosis and renal outcome. Our indications for genetic testing are patients with FSGS, initial SRNS, cases of positive family history or those with extra-renal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatism and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Department of Nephrology and Immunization, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pediatric Kidney Disease Research, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shipin Feng
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wanqi Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rirong Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Mao
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Fang Wang
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Jie Ding
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Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Impact of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Perlecan on Human Disease and Health. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1117-C1122. [PMID: 35417267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Perlecan, a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is an important molecule in the functional diversity of organisms because of the diversity of its glycan chains and the multifunctionality of its core proteins. Human diseases associated with perlecan have been identified using gene-deficient mice. Two human diseases related to perlecan have been reported. One is Silverman-Handmaker type Dyssegmental Dysplasia, resulting from complete loss of function of the HSPG2 gene which encods perlecan core protein which maps to chromosome 1p36. The other is Schwartz-Jampel syndrome from partial loss of function of the HSPG2 gene. Subsequent in vivo and in vitrostudies have revealed the organ-specific functions of perlecan, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of perlecan in human diseases and summarize our knowledge about perlecan as a future therapeutic target to treat the related diseases and for healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of OldAge Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Hayes AJ, Farrugia BL, Biose IJ, Bix GJ, Melrose J. Perlecan, A Multi-Functional, Cell-Instructive, Matrix-Stabilizing Proteoglycan With Roles in Tissue Development Has Relevance to Connective Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856261. [PMID: 35433700 PMCID: PMC9010944 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the multifunctional properties of perlecan (HSPG2) and its potential roles in repair biology. Perlecan is ubiquitous, occurring in vascular, cartilaginous, adipose, lymphoreticular, bone and bone marrow stroma and in neural tissues. Perlecan has roles in angiogenesis, tissue development and extracellular matrix stabilization in mature weight bearing and tensional tissues. Perlecan contributes to mechanosensory properties in cartilage through pericellular interactions with fibrillin-1, type IV, V, VI and XI collagen and elastin. Perlecan domain I - FGF, PDGF, VEGF and BMP interactions promote embryonic cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development. Perlecan domain II, an LDLR-like domain interacts with lipids, Wnt and Hedgehog morphogens. Perlecan domain III binds FGF-7 and 18 and has roles in the secretion of perlecan. Perlecan domain IV, an immunoglobulin repeat domain, has cell attachment and matrix stabilizing properties. Perlecan domain V promotes tissue repair through interactions with VEGF, VEGF-R2 and α2β1 integrin. Perlecan domain-V LG1-LG2 and LG3 fragments antagonize these interactions. Perlecan domain V promotes reconstitution of the blood brain barrier damaged by ischemic stroke and is neurogenic and neuroprotective. Perlecan-VEGF-VEGFR2, perlecan-FGF-2 and perlecan-PDGF interactions promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Perlecan domain I, III and V interactions with platelet factor-4 and megakaryocyte and platelet inhibitory receptor promote adhesion of cells to implants and scaffolds in vascular repair. Perlecan localizes acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction and is of functional significance in neuromuscular control. Perlecan mutation leads to Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome, functional impairment of the biomechanical properties of the intervertebral disc, variable levels of chondroplasia and myotonia. A greater understanding of the functional working of the neuromuscular junction may be insightful in therapeutic approaches in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Tissue engineering of salivary glands has been undertaken using bioactive peptides (TWSKV) derived from perlecan domain IV. Perlecan TWSKV peptide induces differentiation of salivary gland cells into self-assembling acini-like structures that express salivary gland biomarkers and secrete α-amylase. Perlecan also promotes chondroprogenitor stem cell maturation and development of pluripotent migratory stem cell lineages, which participate in diarthrodial joint formation, and early cartilage development. Recent studies have also shown that perlecan is prominently expressed during repair of adult human articular cartilage. Perlecan also has roles in endochondral ossification and bone development. Perlecan domain I hydrogels been used in tissue engineering to establish heparin binding growth factor gradients that promote cell migration and cartilage repair. Perlecan domain I collagen I fibril scaffolds have also been used as an FGF-2 delivery system for tissue repair. With the availability of recombinant perlecan domains, the development of other tissue repair strategies should emerge in the near future. Perlecan co-localization with vascular elastin in the intima, acts as a blood shear-flow endothelial sensor that regulates blood volume and pressure and has a similar role to perlecan in canalicular fluid, regulating bone development and remodeling. This complements perlecan's roles in growth plate cartilage and in endochondral ossification to form the appendicular and axial skeleton. Perlecan is thus a ubiquitous, multifunctional, and pleomorphic molecule of considerable biological importance. A greater understanding of its diverse biological roles and functional repertoires during tissue development, growth and disease will yield valuable insights into how this impressive proteoglycan could be utilized successfully in repair biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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Zhang YJ, Yao Y, Zhang PD, Li ZH, Zhang P, Li FR, Wang ZH, Liu D, Lv YB, Kang L, Shi XM, Mao C. Association of regular aerobic exercises and neuromuscular junction variants with incidence of frailty: an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:350-357. [PMID: 33527771 PMCID: PMC8061381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidate genes of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) pathway increased risk of frailty, but the extent and whether can be offset by exercises was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aerobic exercises and incident frailty regardless of NMJ pathway-related genetic risk. METHODS A cohort study on participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7006 participants (mean age of 80.6 ± 10.3 years) without frailty at baseline were interviewed to record aerobic exercise status, and 4053 individuals among them submitted saliva samples. NMJ pathway-related genes were genotyped and weighted genetic risk scores were constructed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (19 634 person-years), there were 1345 cases (19.2%) of incident frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises were associated with a 26% lesser frailty risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.85]. This association was stronger in a subgroup of 1552 longevous participants (age between 90 and 111 years, adjusted HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.87). High genetic risk was associated with a 35% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16-1.58). Of the participants with high genetic risk and no persistent aerobic exercises, there was a 59% increased risk of frailty (adjusted HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.20-2.09). HRs for the risk of frailty increased from the low genetic risk with persistent aerobic exercise to high genetic risk without persistent aerobic exercise (P trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic exercises and NMJ pathway-related genetic risk were significantly associated with frailty. Persistent aerobic exercises can partly offset NMJ pathway-related genetic risk to frailty in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-He Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Bin Lv
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Brayman VL, Taetzsch T, Miko M, Dahal S, Risher WC, Valdez G. Roles of the synaptic molecules Hevin and SPARC in mouse neuromuscular junction development and repair. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135663. [PMID: 33493647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hevin and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) are highly homologous matricellular proteins that function in concert to guide the formation of brain synapses. Here, we investigated the role of these glycoproteins in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) maturation, stability, and repair following injury. Hevin and SPARC mRNA levels in developing (postnatal day 9), adult (postnatal days 90 and 120), and injured (fibular nerve crush) skeletal muscles were assessed with qPCR. Muscle fiber size was analyzed in developing (P9) mice lacking SPARC, Hevin, and both SPARC and Hevin. NMJ morphology was assessed in developing (P9), adult (P90) and injured (fibular nerve crush) mice lacking SPARC, Hevin, and both SPARC and Hevin skeletal muscle. Hevin and SPARC are expressed in skeletal muscles and are upregulated following nerve injury. Hevin-/- mice exhibited delayed NMJ and muscle fiber development but displayed normal NMJ morphology in adulthood and accelerated NMJ reinnervation following nerve injury. Mice lacking SPARC displayed normal NMJ and muscle fiber development but exhibited smaller NMJs with fewer acetylcholine receptor islands in adulthood. Further, SPARC deletion did not result in overt changes in NMJ reformation following nerve injury. The combined deletion of Hevin and SPARC had little effect on NMJ phenotypes observed in single knockouts, however deletion of SPARC in combination with Hevin reversed deficiencies in muscle fiber maturation observed in Hevin-/- muscle. These results identify SPARC and Hevin as extracellular matrix proteins with roles in NMJ development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Brayman
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, 1 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Thomas Taetzsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - MacKenzie Miko
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Shreyaska Dahal
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - W Christopher Risher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, United States; Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States.
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9
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Mathot F, Rbia N, Thaler R, Dietz AB, van Wijnen AJ, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Gene expression profiles of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded on clinically available processed nerve allografts and collagen nerve guides. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1613-1621. [PMID: 33433492 PMCID: PMC8323683 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could provide necessary trophic factors when seeded onto the surfaces of commonly used nerve graft substitutes. We aimed to determine the gene expression of MSCs when influenced by Avance® Nerve Grafts or NeuraGen® Nerve Guides. Human adipose-derived MSCs were cultured and dynamically seeded onto 30 Avance® Nerve Grafts and 30 NeuraGen® Nerve Guides for 12 hours. At six time points after seeding, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for five samples per group. Neurotrophic [nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), pleiotrophin (PTN), growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)], myelination [peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) and myelin protein zero (MPZ)], angiogenic [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1/CD31) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor alpha (VEGFA)], extracellular matrix (ECM) [collagen type alpha I (COL1A1), collagen type alpha III (COL3A1), Fibulin 1 (FBLN1) and laminin subunit beta 2 (LAMB2)] and cell surface marker cluster of differentiation 96 (CD96) gene expression was quantified. Unseeded Avance® Nerve Grafts and NeuraGen® Nerve Guides were used to evaluate the baseline gene expression, and unseeded MSCs provided the baseline gene expression of MSCs. The interaction of MSCs with the Avance® Nerve Grafts led to a short-term upregulation of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF and BDNF), myelination (PMP22 and MPZ) and angiogenic genes (CD31 and VEGFA) and a long-term upregulation of BDNF, VEGFA and COL1A1. The interaction between MSCs and the NeuraGen® Nerve Guide led to short term upregulation of neurotrophic (NGF, GDNF and BDNF) myelination (PMP22 and MPZ), angiogenic (CD31 and VEGFA), ECM (COL1A1) and cell surface (CD96) genes and long-term upregulation of neurotrophic (GDNF and BDNF), angiogenic (CD31 and VEGFA), ECM genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, and FBLN1) and cell surface (CD96) genes. Analysis demonstrated MSCs seeded onto NeuraGen® Nerve Guides expressed significantly higher levels of neurotrophic (PTN), angiogenic (VEGFA) and ECM (COL3A1, FBLN1) genes in the long term period compared to MSCs seeded onto Avance® Nerve Grafts. Overall, the interaction between human MSCs and both nerve graft substitutes resulted in a significant upregulation of the expression of numerous genes important for nerve regeneration over time. The in vitro interaction of MSCs with the NeuraGen® Nerve Guide was more pronounced, particularly in the long term period (> 14 days after seeding). These results suggest that MSC-seeding has potential to be applied in a clinical setting, which needs to be confirmed in future in vitro and in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mathot
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Zelada D, Bermedo-García F, Collao N, Henríquez JP. Motor function recovery: deciphering a regenerative niche at the neuromuscular synapse. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:752-766. [PMID: 33336525 PMCID: PMC7986695 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated movement of many organisms relies on efficient nerve–muscle communication at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse composed of a presynaptic motor axon terminal, a postsynaptic muscle specialization, and non‐myelinating terminal Schwann cells. NMJ dysfunctions are caused by traumatic spinal cord or peripheral nerve injuries as well as by severe motor pathologies. Compared to the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system displays remarkable regenerating abilities; however, this capacity is limited by the denervation time frame and depends on the establishment of permissive regenerative niches. At the injury site, detailed information is available regarding the cells, molecules, and mechanisms involved in nerve regeneration and repair. However, a regenerative niche at the final functional step of peripheral motor innervation, i.e. at the mature neuromuscular synapse, has not been deciphered. In this review, we integrate classic and recent evidence describing the cells and molecules that could orchestrate a dynamic ecosystem to accomplish successful NMJ regeneration. We propose that such a regenerative niche must ensure at least two fundamental steps for successful NMJ regeneration: the proper arrival of incoming regenerating axons to denervated postsynaptic muscle domains, and the resilience of those postsynaptic domains, in morphological and functional terms. We here describe and combine the main cellular and molecular responses involved in each of these steps as potential targets to help successful NMJ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Zelada
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisca Bermedo-García
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicolás Collao
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan P Henríquez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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11
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Barbeau S, Tahraoui-Bories J, Legay C, Martinat C. Building neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Development 2020; 147:147/22/dev193920. [PMID: 33199350 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been the model of choice to understand the principles of communication at chemical synapses. Following groundbreaking experiments carried out over 60 years ago, many studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiology of these synapses. This Review summarizes the progress made to date towards obtaining faithful models of NMJs in vitro We provide a historical approach discussing initial experiments investigating NMJ development and function from Xenopus to mice, the creation of chimeric co-cultures, in vivo approaches and co-culture methods from ex vivo and in vitro derived cells, as well as the most recent developments to generate human NMJs. We discuss the benefits of these techniques and the challenges to be addressed in the future for promoting our understanding of development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Barbeau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Tahraoui-Bories
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Université de Paris, CNRS, SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- INSERM/UEPS UMR 861, Paris Saclay Université, I-STEM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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12
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Takamori M. Myasthenia Gravis: From the Viewpoint of Pathogenicity Focusing on Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, Trans-Synaptic Homeostasis and Synaptic Stability. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32547365 PMCID: PMC7272578 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChRs) are targeted by autoantibodies. Search for other pathogenic antigens has detected the antibodies against muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and low-density lipoprotein-related protein 4 (Lrp4), both causing pre- and post-synaptic impairments. Agrin is also suspected as a fourth pathogen. In a complex NMJ organization centering on MuSK: (1) the Wnt non-canonical pathway through the Wnt-Lrp4-MuSK cysteine-rich domain (CRD)-Dishevelled (Dvl, scaffold protein) signaling acts to form AChR prepatterning with axonal guidance; (2) the neural agrin-Lrp4-MuSK (Ig1/2 domains) signaling acts to form rapsyn-anchored AChR clusters at the innervated stage of muscle; (3) adaptor protein Dok-7 acts on MuSK activation for AChR clustering from “inside” and also on cytoskeleton to stabilize AChR clusters by the downstream effector Sorbs1/2; (4) the trans-synaptic retrograde signaling contributes to the presynaptic organization via: (i) Wnt-MuSK CRD-Dvl-β catenin-Slit 2 pathway; (ii) Lrp4; and (iii) laminins. The presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis conditioning ACh release is modified by autoreceptors such as M1-type muscarinic AChR and A2A adenosine receptors. The post-synaptic structure is stabilized by: (i) laminin-network including the muscle-derived agrin; (ii) the extracellular matrix proteins (including collagen Q/perlecan and biglycan which link to MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD); and (iii) the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. The study on MuSK ectodomains (Ig1/2 domains and CRD) recognized by antibodies suggested that the MuSK antibodies were pathologically heterogeneous due to their binding to multiple functional domains. Focussing one of the matrix proteins, biglycan which functions in the manner similar to collagen Q, our antibody assay showed the negative result in MG patients. However, the synaptic stability may be impaired by antibodies against MuSK ectodomains because of the linkage of biglycan with MuSK Ig1 domain and CRD. The pathogenic diversity of MG is discussed based on NMJ signaling molecules.
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13
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Rudell JB, Maselli RA, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Ferns MJ. Pathogenic effects of agrin V1727F mutation are isoform specific and decrease its expression and affinity for HSPGs and LRP4. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2648-2658. [PMID: 30994901 PMCID: PMC6687949 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrin is a large extracellular matrix protein whose isoforms differ in their tissue distribution and function. Motoneuron-derived y+z+ agrin regulates the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), while y-z- agrin is widely expressed and has diverse functions. Previously we identified a missense mutation (V1727F) in the second laminin globular (LG2) domain of agrin that causes severe congenital myasthenic syndrome. Here, we define pathogenic effects of the agrin V1727F mutation that account for the profound dysfunction of the NMJ. First, by expressing agrin variants in heterologous cells, we show that the V1727F mutation reduces the secretion of y+z+ agrin compared to wild type, whereas it has no effect on the secretion of y-z- agrin. Second, we find that the V1727F mutation significantly impairs binding of y+z+ agrin to both heparin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) coreceptor. Third, molecular modeling of the LG2 domain suggests that the V1727F mutation primarily disrupts the y splice insert, and consistent with this we find that it partially occludes the contribution of the y splice insert to agrin binding to heparin and LRP4. Together, these findings identify several pathogenic effects of the V1727F mutation that reduce its expression and ability to bind heparan sulfate proteoglycan and LRP4 coreceptors involved in the muscle-specific kinase signaling pathway. These defects primarily impair the function of neural y+z+ agrin and combine to cause a severe CMS phenotype, whereas y-z- agrin function in other tissues appears preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Rudell
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo A Maselli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Ferns
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Heikkinen A, Härönen H, Norman O, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII and Other ECM Components in the Assembly and Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1653-1663. [PMID: 30768864 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alongside playing structural roles, the extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as an interaction platform for cellular homeostasis, organ development, and maintenance. The necessity of the ECM is highlighted by the diverse, sometimes very serious diseases that stem from defects in its components. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a large peripheral motor synapse differing from its central counterparts through the ECM included at the synaptic cleft. Such synaptic basal lamina (BL) is specialized to support NMJ establishment, differentiation, maturation, stabilization, and function and diverges in molecular composition from the extrasynaptic ECM. Mutations, toxins, and autoantibodies may compromise NMJ integrity and function, thereby leading to congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), poisoning, and autoimmune diseases, respectively, and all these conditions may involve synaptic ECM molecules. With neurotransmission degraded or blocked, muscle function is impaired or even prevented. At worst, this can be fatal. The article reviews the synaptic BL composition required for assembly and function of the NMJ molecular machinery through the lens of studies primarily with mouse models but also with human patients. In-depth focus is given to collagen XIII, a postsynaptic-membrane-spanning but also shed ECM protein that in recent years has been revealed to be a significant component for the NMJ. Its deficiency in humans causes CMS, and autoantibodies against it have been recognized in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Mouse models have exposed numerous details that appear to recapitulate human NMJ phenotypes relatively faithfully and thereby can be readily used to generate information necessary for understanding and ultimately treating human diseases. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Härönen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oula Norman
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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15
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Congenital myasthenic syndrome caused by novel COL13A1 mutations. J Neurol 2019; 266:1107-1112. [PMID: 30767057 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen XIII is a non-fibrillar transmembrane collagen which has been long recognized for its critical role in synaptic maturation of the neuromuscular junction. More recently, biallelic COL13A1 loss-of-function mutations were identified in three patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS), a rare inherited condition with defective neuromuscular transmission, causing abnormal fatigability and fluctuating muscle weakness and often successfully treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Here we report six additional CMS patients from three unrelated families with previously unreported homozygous COL13A1 loss-of-function mutations (p.Tyr216*, p.Glu543fs and p.Thr629fs). The phenotype of our cases was similar to the previously reported patients including respiratory distress and severe dysphagia at birth that often resolved or improved in the first days or weeks of life. All individuals had prominent eyelid ptosis with only minor ophthalmoparesis as well as generalized muscle weakness, predominantly affecting facial, bulbar, respiratory and axial muscles. Response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment was generally negative while salbutamol proved beneficial. Our data further support the causality of COL13A1 variants for CMS and suggest that this type of CMS might be clinically homogenous and requires alternative pharmacological therapy.
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16
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Lorenzoni PJ, Scola RH, Kay CSK, Werneck LC, Horvath R, Lochmüller H. How to Spot Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Resembling the Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome? A Brief Review of Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Genetics Features. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:205-214. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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O'Grady GL, Verschuuren C, Yuen M, Webster R, Menezes M, Fock JM, Pride N, Best HA, Benavides Damm T, Turner C, Lek M, Engel AG, North KN, Clarke NF, MacArthur DG, Kamsteeg EJ, Cooper ST. Variants in SLC18A3, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, cause congenital myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 2016; 87:1442-1448. [PMID: 27590285 PMCID: PMC5075972 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome secondary to biallelic variants in SLC18A3. METHODS Individuals from 2 families were identified with biallelic variants in SLC18A3, the gene encoding the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), through whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The patients demonstrated features seen in presynaptic congenital myasthenic syndrome, including ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, fatigable weakness, apneic crises, and deterioration of symptoms in cold water for patient 1. Both patients demonstrated moderate clinical improvement on pyridostigmine. Patient 1 had a broader phenotype, including learning difficulties and left ventricular dysfunction. Electrophysiologic studies were typical for a presynaptic defect. Both patients showed profound electrodecrement on low-frequency repetitive stimulation followed by a prolonged period of postactivation exhaustion. In patient 1, this was unmasked only after isometric contraction, a recognized feature of presynaptic disease, emphasizing the importance of activation procedures. CONCLUSIONS VAChT is responsible for uptake of acetylcholine into presynaptic vesicles. The clinical and electrographic characteristics of the patients described are consistent with previously reported mouse models of VAChT deficiency. These findings make it very likely that defects in VAChT due to variants in SLC18A3 are a cause of congenital myasthenic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L O'Grady
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Corien Verschuuren
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michaela Yuen
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Webster
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Manoj Menezes
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Fock
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie Pride
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heather A Best
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Benavides Damm
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Turner
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Engel
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn N North
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- From the Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (G.L.O., M.Y., N.P., H.A.B., T.B.D., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Kids Research Institute, T.Y. Department of Neurology (M.M., R.W.), and Heart Centre for Children (C.T.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (G.L.O., M.M., H.A.B., K.N.N., N.F.C., S.T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia; Departments of Genetics (C.V.) and Child Neurology (J.M.F.), University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.G.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.L., D.G.M.), Cambridge; Department of Neurology (A.G.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Murdoch Children's Research Institute (K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Human Genetics (E.-J.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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18
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Logan CV, Cossins J, Rodríguez Cruz PM, Parry DA, Maxwell S, Martínez-Martínez P, Riepsaame J, Abdelhamed ZA, Lake AVR, Moran M, Robb S, Chow G, Sewry C, Hopkins PM, Sheridan E, Jayawant S, Palace J, Johnson CA, Beeson D. Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Type 19 Is Caused by Mutations in COL13A1, Encoding the Atypical Non-fibrillar Collagen Type XIII α1 Chain. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:878-85. [PMID: 26626625 PMCID: PMC4678414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) consists of a tripartite synapse with a presynaptic nerve terminal, Schwann cells that ensheathe the terminal bouton, and a highly specialized postsynaptic membrane. Synaptic structural integrity is crucial for efficient signal transmission. Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that result from impaired neuromuscular transmission, caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are involved in synaptic transmission and in forming and maintaining the structural integrity of NMJs. To identify further causes of CMSs, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in families without an identified mutation in known CMS-associated genes. In two families affected by a previously undefined CMS, we identified homozygous loss-of-function mutations in COL13A1, which encodes the alpha chain of an atypical non-fibrillar collagen with a single transmembrane domain. COL13A1 localized to the human muscle motor endplate. Using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, modeling of the COL13A1 c.1171delG (p.Leu392Sfs∗71) frameshift mutation in the C2C12 cell line reduced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering during myotube differentiation. This highlights the crucial role of collagen XIII in the formation and maintenance of the NMJ. Our results therefore delineate a myasthenic disorder that is caused by loss-of-function mutations in COL13A1, encoding a protein involved in organization of the NMJ, and emphasize the importance of appropriate symptomatic treatment for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare V Logan
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Judith Cossins
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pedro M Rodríguez Cruz
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - David A Parry
- Section of Genetics, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pilar Martínez-Martínez
- Neuroimmunology Group, Division of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Zakia A Abdelhamed
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alice V R Lake
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Maria Moran
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Stephanie Robb
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gabriel Chow
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philip M Hopkins
- Section of Translational Anaesthesia and Surgical Sciences, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Section of Genetics, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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19
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Bruneteau G, Bauché S, Gonzalez de Aguilar JL, Brochier G, Mandjee N, Tanguy ML, Hussain G, Behin A, Khiami F, Sariali E, Hell-Remy C, Salachas F, Pradat PF, Lacomblez L, Nicole S, Fontaine B, Fardeau M, Loeffler JP, Meininger V, Fournier E, Koenig J, Hantaï D. Endplate denervation correlates with Nogo-A muscle expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:362-72. [PMID: 25909082 PMCID: PMC4402082 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Data from mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest early morphological changes in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), with loss of nerve–muscle contact. Overexpression of the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A in muscle may play a role in this loss of endplate innervation. Methods We used confocal and electron microscopy to study the structure of the NMJs in muscle samples collected from nine ALS patients (five early-stage patients and four long-term survivors). We correlated the morphological results with clinical and electrophysiological data, and with Nogo-A muscle expression level. Results Surface electromyography assessment of neuromuscular transmission was abnormal in 3/9 ALS patients. The postsynaptic apparatus was morphologically altered for almost all NMJs (n = 430) analyzed using confocal microscopy. 19.7% of the NMJs were completely denervated (fragmented synaptic gutters and absence of nerve terminal profile). The terminal axonal arborization was usually sparsely branched and 56.8% of innervated NMJs showed a typical reinnervation pattern. Terminal Schwann cell (TSC) morphology was altered with extensive cytoplasmic processes. A marked intrusion of TSCs in the synaptic cleft was seen in some cases, strikingly reducing the synaptic surface available for neuromuscular transmission. Finally, high-level expression of Nogo-A in muscle was significantly associated with higher extent of NMJ denervation and negative functional outcome. Interpretation Our results support the hypothesis that morphological alterations of NMJs are present from early-stage disease and may significantly contribute to functional motor impairment in ALS patients. Muscle expression of Nogo-A is associated with NMJ denervation and thus constitutes a therapeutic target to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Bruneteau
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France ; APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre référent SLA Paris, France ; APHP, INSERM, ICM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences, CIC-1422, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Bauché
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jose Luis Gonzalez de Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118 Strasbourg, France ; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Brochier
- Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris, France ; APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mandjee
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Tanguy
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris, France
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118 Strasbourg, France ; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence Strasbourg, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Khiami
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service d'Orthopédie Paris, France
| | - Elhadi Sariali
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service d'Orthopédie Paris, France
| | - Caroline Hell-Remy
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Paris, France
| | - François Salachas
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre référent SLA Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre référent SLA Paris, France
| | - Lucette Lacomblez
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre référent SLA Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Michel Fardeau
- Unité de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118 Strasbourg, France ; INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre référent SLA Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Fournier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France ; APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie Paris, France
| | - Jeanine Koenig
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Hantaï
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM F-75013, Paris, France ; APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire Paris-Est, Institut de Myologie Paris, France
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20
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Darabid H, Perez-Gonzalez AP, Robitaille R. Neuromuscular synaptogenesis: coordinating partners with multiple functions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:630-1. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Arredondo J, Lara M, Ng F, Gochez DA, Lee DC, Logia SP, Nguyen J, Maselli RA. COOH-terminal collagen Q (COLQ) mutants causing human deficiency of endplate acetylcholinesterase impair the interaction of ColQ with proteins of the basal lamina. Hum Genet 2013; 133:599-616. [PMID: 24281389 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen Q (ColQ) is a key multidomain functional protein of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), crucial for anchoring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to the basal lamina (BL) and accumulating AChE at the NMJ. The attachment of AChE to the BL is primarily accomplished by the binding of the ColQ collagen domain to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan and the COOH-terminus to the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), which in turn plays a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of the NMJ. Yet, the precise mechanism by which ColQ anchors AChE at the NMJ remains unknown. We identified five novel mutations at the COOH-terminus of ColQ in seven patients from five families affected with endplate (EP) AChE deficiency. We found that the mutations do not affect the assembly of ColQ with AChE to form asymmetric forms of AChE or impair the interaction of ColQ with perlecan. By contrast, all mutations impair in varied degree the interaction of ColQ with MuSK as well as basement membrane extract (BME) that have no detectable MuSK. Our data confirm that the interaction of ColQ to perlecan and MuSK is crucial for anchoring AChE to the NMJ. In addition, the identified COOH-terminal mutants not only reduce the interaction of ColQ with MuSK, but also diminish the interaction of ColQ with BME. These findings suggest that the impaired attachment of COOH-terminal mutants causing EP AChE deficiency is in part independent of MuSK, and that the COOH-terminus of ColQ may interact with other proteins at the BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Arredondo
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, 1515 Newton Court, Room 510, Davis, CA, 95618, USA,
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