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Toader C, Dobrin N, Tataru CI, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Glavan LA, Costin HP, Corlatescu AD, Dumitrascu DI, Ciurea AV. From Genes to Therapy: Pituitary Adenomas in the Era of Precision Medicine. Biomedicines 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 38275385 PMCID: PMC10813694 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive analysis of pituitary adenomas, a type of brain tumor with diverse behaviors and complexities. We cover various treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their integration with newer treatments. Key to the discussion is the role of biomarkers in oncology for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of pituitary adenomas. We highlight advances in genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic analyses and their contributions to understanding the pathogenesis and molecular pathology of these tumors. Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms, including the impact of epigenetic factors like histone modifications, DNA methylation, and transcriptomic changes on different subtypes of pituitary adenomas. The importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in tumor behavior and treatment response is thoroughly analyzed. We highlight potential breakthroughs and innovations for a more effective management and treatment of pituitary adenomas, while shedding light on the ongoing need for research and development in this field to translate scientific knowledge into clinical advancements, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolaie Dobrin
- Neurosurgical Clinic, “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Catalina-Ioana Tataru
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (R.-A.C.-B.); (B.-G.B.); (L.A.G.); (H.P.C.); (D.-I.D.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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Meco D, Attinà G, Mastrangelo S, Navarra P, Ruggiero A. Emerging Perspectives on the Antiparasitic Mebendazole as a Repurposed Drug for the Treatment of Brain Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021334. [PMID: 36674870 PMCID: PMC9862092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing approved non-antitumor drugs is a promising and affordable strategy in drug discovery to identify new therapeutic uses different from the original medical indication that may help increase the number of possible, effective anticancer drugs. The use of drugs in ways other than their original FDA-approved indications could offer novel avenues such as bypassing the chemoresistance and recurrence seen with conventional therapy and treatment; moreover, it can offer a safe and economic strategy for combination therapy. Recent works have demonstrated the anticancer properties of the FDA-approved drug Mebendazole. This synthetic benzimidazole proved effective against a broad spectrum of intestinal Helminthiasis. Mebendazole can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to inhibit the malignant progression of glioma by targeting signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, or invasion/migration, or by increasing the sensitivity of glioma cells to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Moreover, several preclinical models and ongoing clinical trials explore the efficacy of Mebendazole in multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia, brain cancer, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer. The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of MBZ in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials to suggest possible strategies for safe and economical combinations of anticancer therapies in brain cancer. Mebendazole might be an excellent candidate for the treatment of brain tumors because of its efficacy both when used as monotherapy and in combination as an enhancement to standard chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, due to its effectiveness on tumor angiogenesis inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and targeting of critical pathways involved in cancer such as Hedgehog signaling. Therefore, attention to MBZ repurposing has recently increased because of its potential therapeutic versatility and significant clinical implications, such as reducing medical care costs and optimizing existing therapies. Using new treatments is essential, particularly when current therapeutics for patients with brain cancer fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Navarra
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3058203; Fax: +39-06-3052751
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Noninvasive Classification of Glioma Subtypes Using Multiparametric MRI to Improve Deep Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123063. [PMID: 36553070 PMCID: PMC9776470 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deep learning (DL) methods can noninvasively predict glioma subtypes; however, there is no set paradigm for the selection of network structures and input data, including the image combination method, image processing strategy, type of numeric data, and others. Purpose: To compare different combinations of DL frameworks (ResNet, ConvNext, and vision transformer (VIT)), image preprocessing strategies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, and numerical data for increasing the accuracy of DL models for differentiating glioma subtypes prior to surgery. Methods: Our dataset consisted of 211 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas who underwent preoperative MRI with standard and diffusion-weighted imaging methods. Different data combinations were used as input for the three different DL classifiers. Results: The accuracy of the image preprocessing strategies, including skull stripping, segment addition, and individual treatment of slices, was 5%, 10%, and 12.5% higher, respectively, than that of the other strategies. The accuracy increased by 7.5% and 10% following the addition of ADC and numeric data, respectively. ResNet34 exhibited the best performance, which was 5% and 17.5% higher than that of ConvNext tiny and VIT-base, respectively. Data Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the addition of quantitatively numeric data, ADC images, and effective image preprocessing strategies improved model accuracy for datasets of similar size. The performance of ResNet was superior for small or medium datasets.
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The oligodendroglial histological features are not independently predictive of patient prognosis in lower-grade gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:79-87. [PMID: 35292862 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of oligodendroglial histological features to patient prognoses is controversial. 93 LrGGs resected for about 2 decades were re-assessed based on WHO2007 with special interest to pure oligodendroglial diagnosis (oligodendroglioma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma) and presence of CFO features. Those histological features, patients OS, and tumor chromosomal/genetic characteristics were correlated each other in each of the 3 IDH-1p/19q-based molecular groups. There was significant association between 1p19q status with the oligodendroglial histological diagnosis as well as presence of CFO in the entire cohort. The oligodendroglial diagnosis was associated with longer OS in IDHmut/codel group; however, this association was not significant in the multivariate analyses. In IDHmut/noncodel and IDH-wildtype groups, the oligodendroglial diagnosis was not associated with patient OS. Presence of CFO was not associated with patient OS in any molecular groups. Gain of 8q was associated with the oligodendroglial diagnosis in IDHmut/noncodel group. Neither the oligodendroglial diagnosis nor CFO was predictive for the methylation status of the MGMT gene in any molecular groups. The oligodendroglial histological features are not independently predictive of either patient prognosis or chemotherapeutic response in LrGGs, leaving the possibility of marginal favorable association only in IDHmut/codel tumors.
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Tom MC, Milano MT, Chao ST, Soltys SG, Knisely JP, Sahgal A, Nagpal S, Lo SS, Jabbari S, Wang TJ, Ahluwalia MS, Simonson M, Palmer JD, Gephart MH, Halasz LM, Garg AK, Chiang VL, Chang EL. Executive summary of american radium society’s appropriate use criteria for the postoperative management of lower grade gliomas. Radiother Oncol 2022; 170:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Komori T. Grading of adult diffuse gliomas according to the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. J Transl Med 2022; 102:126-133. [PMID: 34504304 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The grading of gliomas based on histological features has been a subject of debate for several decades. A consensus has not yet been reached because of technical limitations and inter-observer variations. While the traditional grading system has failed to stratify the risk of IDH-mutant astrocytoma, canonical histological and proliferative markers may be applicable to the risk stratification of IDH-wild-type astrocytoma. Numerous studies have examined molecular markers in order to obtain more clinically relevant information that will improve the risk stratification of gliomas. The CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion for IDH-mutant astrocytoma and the following three criteria for IDH-wild-type astrocytoma: the concurrent gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10, TERT promoter mutations, and EGFR amplification, were identified as independent molecular markers of the worst clinical outcomes. Therefore, the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System adopted these molecular markers into the revised grading criteria of IDH-mutant and -wild-type astrocytoma, respectively, as a grading system within tumor types. Of note, several recent studies have shown that some low-grade IDH-wild-type astrocytoma lacking both the molecular glioblastoma signature and genetic alterations typical of pediatric-type gliomas may demonstrate a relatively indolent clinical course, suggesting the existence of lower-grade adult IDH-wild-type astrocytoma. In terms of oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q codeleted, consistent makers that predict poor outcomes have not yet been identified, and, thus, the current criteria have remained unchanged. Molecular testing to fulfill the revised WHO criteria is, however, not always available worldwide, and in that case, an integrated diagnosis combining all available complementary information is highly recommended. This review discusses controversial issues surrounding legacy grading systems and newly identified potential genetic markers of adult diffuse gliomas and provides perspectives on future grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan.
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Nishikawa T, Watanabe R, Kitano Y, Yamamichi A, Motomura K, Ohka F, Aoki K, Hirano M, Kato A, Yamaguchi J, Maeda S, Kibe Y, Saito R, Wakabayashi T, Kato Y, Sato S, Ogino T, Natsume A, Ito I. Reliability of IDH1-R132H and ATRX and/or p53 immunohistochemistry for molecular subclassification of Grade 2/3 gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2021; 39:14-24. [PMID: 34826036 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the World Health Organization 2016 classification (2016 WHO), genetic status has been incorporated into the diagnosis of Grade 2/3 gliomas (lower-grade gliomas). Therefore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of IDH1-R132H, ATRX, and p53 have been used in place of genetic status. We report the associations between histological findings, IHC, and genetic status. We performed IHC of IDH1-R132H, ATRX, and p53 in 76 lower-grade gliomas and discussed its validity based on the 2016 WHO and the upcoming 2021 WHO classification. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-ATRX, p53, and IDH1-R132H IHC were 40.9%/98.1%, 78.6%/85.4%, and 90.5%/84.6%, respectively. Among 21 IDH1-mutant gliomas without 1p/19q codeletion, two gliomas (9.5%) mimicked the so-called classic for oligodendroglioma (CFO) in their morphology. Of the 42 gliomas with 1p/19q codeletion, four cases were difficult to diagnose as oligodendroglioma through morphological examination. Moreover, there were three confusing cases with ATRX mutations but with retained ATRX-IHC positivity. The lessons learned from this study are as follows: (1) ATRX-IHC and p53-IHC should be supplementary to morphological diagnosis, (2) rare IDH mutations other than IDH1 R132H should be considered, and (3) there is no complete alternative test to detect molecular features of glioblastoma under the 2021 WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Yotaro Kitano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Akane Yamamichi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuya Motomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaki Hirano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junya Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sachi Maeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuji Kibe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuta Sato
- Department of Pathology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, 5-22-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, 5-22-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Ito
- Department of Pathology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, 5-22-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano, 380-8582, Japan.
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Sharaf R, Pavlick DC, Frampton GM, Cooper M, Jenkins J, Danziger N, Haberberger J, Alexander BM, Cloughesy T, Yong WH, Liau LM, Nghiemphu PL, Ji M, Lai A, Ramkissoon SH, Albacker LA. FoundationOne CDx testing accurately determines whole arm 1p19q codeletion status in gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab017. [PMID: 33778493 PMCID: PMC7986056 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular profiling of gliomas is vital to ensure diagnostic accuracy, inform prognosis, and identify clinical trial options for primary and recurrent tumors. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of reporting the whole arm 1p19q codeletion status from the FoundationOne platform. METHODS Testing was performed on glioma samples as part of clinical care and analyzed up to 395 cancer-associated genes (including IDH1/2). The whole arm 1p19q codeletion status was predicted from the same assay using a custom research-use only algorithm, which was validated using 463 glioma samples with available fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) data. For 519 patients with available outcomes data, progression-free and overall survival were assessed based on whole arm 1p19q codeletion status derived from sequencing data. RESULTS Concordance between 1p19q status based on FISH and our algorithm was 96.7% (449/463) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 91.0%. All discordant samples were positive for codeletion by FISH and harbored genomic alterations inconsistent with oligodendrogliomas. Median overall survival was 168 months for the IDH1/2 mutant, codeleted group, and 122 months for IDH1/2 mutant-only (hazard ratio (HR): 0.42; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS 1p19q codeletion status derived from FoundationOne testing is highly concordant with FISH results. Genomic profiling may be a reliable substitute for traditional FISH testing while also providing IDH1/2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Sharaf
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Dean C Pavlick
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Garrett M Frampton
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Maureen Cooper
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline Jenkins
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Natalie Danziger
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - James Haberberger
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Timothy Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Ji
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lee A Albacker
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Morrisville, North Carolina
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Three-Dimensional Nuclear Telomere Profiling as a Biomarker for Recurrence in Oligodendrogliomas: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228539. [PMID: 33198352 PMCID: PMC7696868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas are poorly understood. Recurrence might be driven by telomere dysfunction-mediated genomic instability. In a pilot study, we investigated ten patients with oligodendrogliomas at the time of diagnosis (first surgery) and after recurrence (second surgery) using three-dimensional nuclear telomere analysis performed with quantitative software TeloView® (Telo Genomics Corp, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). 1p/19q deletion status of each patient was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization on touch preparation slides. We found that a very specific 3D telomeric profile was associated with two pathways of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas independent of their 1p/19q status: a first group of 8 patients displayed significantly different 3D telomere profiles between both surgeries (p < 0.0001). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 231.375 ± 117.42 days and a median time to progression (TTP) of 239 days, a period defined as short-term recurrence; and a second group of three patients displayed identical 3D telomere profiles between both surgery samples (p > 0.05). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 960.666 ± 86.19 days and a median TTP of 930 days, a period defined as long-term recurrence. Our results suggest a potential link between nuclear telomere architecture and telomere dysfunction with time to recurrence in oligodendrogliomas, independently of the 1p/19q status.
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Ball MK, Kollmeyer TM, Praska CE, McKenna ML, Giannini C, Raghunathan A, Jentoft ME, Lachance DH, Kipp BR, Jenkins RB, Ida CM. Frequency of false-positive FISH 1p/19q codeletion in adult diffuse astrocytic gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa109. [PMID: 33205043 PMCID: PMC7654379 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oligodendroglioma is genetically defined by concomitant IDH (IDH1/IDH2) mutation and whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Codeletion of 1p/19q traditionally evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cannot distinguish partial from whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Partial 1p/19q codeletion called positive by FISH is diagnostically a "false-positive" result. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) discriminates partial from whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Herein, we aimed to estimate the frequency of partial 1p/19q codeletion that would lead to a false-positive FISH result. Methods FISH 1p/19q codeletion test probe coordinates were mapped onto Oncoscan CMA data to determine the rate of partial 1p/19q codeletion predicted to be positive by FISH. Diffuse astrocytic gliomas with available CMA data (2015-2018) were evaluated and classified based on IDH1-R132H/ATRX/p53 immunohistochemistry, IDH/TERT promoter targeted sequencing, and/or CMA according to classification updates. Predicted false-positive cases were verified by FISH whenever possible. Results The overall estimated false-positive FISH 1p/19q codeletion rate was 3.6% (8/223). Predicted false positives were verified by FISH in 6 (of 8) cases. False-positive rates did not differ significantly (P = .49) between IDH-mutant (4.6%; 4/86) and IDH-wildtype (2.9%; 4/137) tumors. IDH-wildtype false positives were all WHO grade IV, whereas IDH-mutant false positives spanned WHO grades II-IV. Testing for 1p/19q codeletion would not have been indicated for most false positives based on current classification recommendations. Conclusion Selective 1p/19q codeletion testing and cautious interpretation for conflicting FISH and histopathological findings are recommended to avoid potential misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Ball
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas M Kollmeyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle L McKenna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark E Jentoft
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cristiane M Ida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Hu WM, Wang F, Xi SY, Zhang X, Lai JP, Wu HY, Liu LL, Sai K, Zeng J. Practice of the New Integrated Molecular Diagnostics in Gliomas: Experiences and New Findings in a Single Chinese Center. J Cancer 2020; 11:1371-1382. [PMID: 32047544 PMCID: PMC6995369 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The latest WHO classification of CNS tumors using the integrated phenotypic and molecular parameters (IDH, ATRX, 1p19q, TERT etc.) have reestablished the CNS tumors classification in addition to traditional histology. The establishment of glioma molecular typing can more accurately predict prognosis, better guide individualized treatment to improve survival. Methods: The expression of IDH1, ATRX, PHH3, P53 and Ki67 was detected by IHC. Molecular status of IDH1/2 and TERT were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. MGMT was explored using methylation-specific PCR. 1p/19q codeletion status was firstly detected by FISH, then further confirmed by multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing. Results: The mutation frequency of IDH1 was 68.7% (79/115) in WHO II astrocytoma, and 82 cases (82/344, 23.8%) were "triple-negative glioma" in our cohort. Multivariate COX analysis revealed that only IDH, 1p/19q, TERT and MGMT were independent prognostic factors. Noteworthily, we found 7 cases of the new molecular phenotype presented as "IDH wildtype and 1p/19q codeletion", not mentioned in the latest WHO guideline. Conclusion: We detected the newly recommended markers in a large cohort of Chinese glioma patients. Our data demonstrated a relatively lower frequency of IDH mutations and a higher prevalence of triple-negative glioma in Chinese compared with American and European, indicating ethnic and geographical difference in some markers. In addition, the new molecular phenotype "IDH wildtype and 1p/19q codeletion" glioma deserved special focus. These findings suggest that further stratification of infiltrating gliomas is needed for different treatment strategy and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Jun-Peng Lai
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of General, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Li-Ling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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12
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Franceschi E, Tosoni A, De Biase D, Lamberti G, Danieli D, Pizzolitto S, Zunarelli E, Visani M, Di Oto E, Mura A, Minichillo S, Scafati C, Asioli S, Paccapelo A, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Postsurgical Approaches in Low-Grade Oligodendroglioma: Is Chemotherapy Alone Still an Option? Oncologist 2019; 24:664-670. [PMID: 30777895 PMCID: PMC6516106 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (mut) and 1p19q codeletion (codel) have a median overall survival of longer than 10 years. The aim of this study is to assess the role of postsurgical treatments. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS We evaluated patients with LGGs with IDH mut and 1p19q codel; IDH1/2 was performed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In all wild-type cases, we performed next-generation sequencing. 1p19 codel analysis was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Among the 679 patients, 93 with LGGs with IDH mutation and 1p19q codel were included. Median follow-up (FU) was 96.1 months. Eighty-four patients (90.3%) were high risk according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. After surgery, 50 patients (53.7%) received only FU, 17 (18.3%) chemotherapy (CT), and 26 (30.1%) radiotherapy (RT) with (RT + CT, 8 patients, 8.6%) or without (RT, 18 patients, 19.4%) chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 46.3 months, 50.8 months, 103.6 months, and 120.2 months in patients with FU alone, with CT alone, with RT alone, or with RT + CT, respectively. Median PFS was significantly longer in patients who received postsurgical treatment (79.5 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.4-92.7) than patients who received FU (46.3 months, 95% CI: 36.0-56.5). Moreover, mPFS was longer in patients who received RT (alone or in combination with CT, n = 26, 113.8 months, 95% CI: 57.2-170.5) than those who did not (n = 67, 47.3 months, 95% CI: 36.4-58.2). In particular, temozolomide alone did not improve PFS with respect to FU. CONCLUSION RT with or without chemotherapy, but not temozolomide alone, could extend PFS in IDH mut 1p19q codel LGGs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Low-grade gliomas with high-risk features, defined according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria, receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy as postsurgical treatments. Radiotherapy, however, has serious long-term effects (cognitive impairment), which are to be taken into account in these young patients. Moreover, low-grade gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and 1p19q codeletion (oligodendrogliomas) have an extremely long survival and a better prognosis. This study suggests that postsurgical treatments prolong the time before tumor progression in patients with good prognosis as well as those with oligodendroglioma. Moreover, temozolomide alone might not be effective in prolonging progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Danieli
- Department of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Pizzolitto
- Department of Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Michela Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Oto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Mura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santino Minichillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Scafati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Surgical Pathology Section, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexandro Paccapelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospitals, Azienda USL, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Eighty percent survival rate at 15 years for 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendroglioma treated with upfront chemotherapy irrespective of tumor grade. J Neurooncol 2018; 141:205-211. [PMID: 30565028 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromosomes 1p/19q co-deletion is a robust molecular marker for the diagnosis of oligodendroglial tumors, and has been included in the 2016 WHO modified classification. Although treatment for oligodendroglioma is controversial, upfront chemotherapy is regarded as one of the treatment option for low-grade tumor. We have treated all the 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas, both grades II and III, with upfront chemotherapy without conventional radiotherapy for 20 years. The clinical experience from this trial may be suggestive for understanding of the biological features of oligodendroglioma with 1p/19q co-deletion toward precision medicine. METHODS This is a long-term retrospective data of the non-selected patients with 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas uniformly treated with up-front chemotherapy. Seventy consecutive patients (48 with grade II and 22 with grade III tumors) were included. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 13 years. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 85.7%, 54.8%, and 31.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 146 months. In most cases, tumor recurrence was remained local and could be controlled by salvage surgery and/or chemotherapy. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.8%, 88.7%, and 80.0%, respectively, and the median OS was not reached. These survival data compared favorably with previous large clinical studies employing radiotherapy. Tumor grades based on World Health Organization classification, extent of surgery, and age affected neither PFS nor OS. Most patients were able to return to their premorbid social life. CONCLUSIONS The long-term results drawn from 20-years of single institution experience show that the patients with 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas can be successfully treated with up-front chemotherapy alone without compromising OS.
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14
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Survival Associations Using Perfusion and Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Histologic and Genetic Defined Diffuse Glioma World Health Organization Grades II and III. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 42:807-815. [PMID: 29901512 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the new World Health Organization 2016 classification for tumors of the central nervous system, 1p/19q codeletion defines the genetic hallmark that differentiates oligodendrogliomas from diffuse astrocytomas. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis can stratify survival in adult patients with genetic defined diffuse glioma grades II and III. METHODS Sixty-seven patients with untreated diffuse gliomas World Health Organization grades II and III and known 1p/19q codeletion status were included retrospectively and analyzed using ADC and rCBV maps based on whole-tumor volume histograms. Overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival analyses adjusted for known survival predictors. RESULTS Significant longer PFS was associated with homogeneous rCBV distribution-higher rCBVpeak (median, 37 vs 26 months; hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; P = 0.02) in patients with astrocytomas, and heterogeneous rCBV distribution-lower rCBVpeak (median, 46 vs 37 months; HR, 5.3; P < 0.001) and higher rCBVmean (median, 44 vs 39 months; HR, 7.9; P = 0.003) in patients with oligodendrogliomas. Apparent diffusion coefficient parameters (ADCpeak, ADCmean) did not stratify PFS and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Tumors with heterogeneous perfusion signatures and high average values were associated with longer PFS in patients with oligodendrogliomas. On the contrary, heterogeneous perfusion distribution was associated with poor outcome in patients with diffuse astrocytomas.
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15
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Li YX, Shi Z, Aibaidula A, Chen H, Tang Q, Li KKW, Chung NYF, Chan DTM, Poon WS, Mao Y, Wu J, Zhou L, Chan AKY, Ng HK. Not all 1p/19q non-codeleted oligodendroglial tumors are astrocytic. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64615-64630. [PMID: 27556304 PMCID: PMC5323103 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 1p/19q codeletion is the genetic hallmark defining oligodendrogliomas, approximately 30-40% of oligodendroglial tumors have intact 1p/19q in the literature and they demonstrate a worse prognosis. This group of 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumors is frequently suggested to be astrocytic in nature with TP53 and ATRX mutations but actually remains under-investigated. In the present study, we provided evidence that not all 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumors are astrocytic through histologic and molecular approaches. We examined 1p/19q status by FISH in a large cohort of 337 oligodendroglial tumors and identified 39.8% lacking 1p/19q codeletion which was independently associated with poor prognosis. Among this 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumor cohort, 58 cases demonstrated classic oligodendroglial histology which showed older patient age, better prognosis, association with grade III histology, PDGFRA expression, TERTp mutation, as well as frequent IDH mutation. More than half of the 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumors showed lack of astrocytic defining markers, p53 expression and ATRX loss. TP53 mutational analysis was additionally conducted in 45 cases of the 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumors. Wild-type TP53 was detected in 71.1% of cases which was associated with classic oligodendroglial histology. Importantly, IDH and TERTp co-occurred in 75% of 1p/19q intact, TP53 wild-type oligodendrogliomas, highlighting the potential of the co-mutations in assisting diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas in tumors with clear cell morphology and non-codeleted 1p/19q status. In summary, our study demonstrated that not all 1p/19q intact oligodendroglial tumors are astrocytic and co-evaluation of IDH and TERTp mutation could potentially serve as an adjunct for diagnosing 1p/19q intact oligodendrogliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kay Ka-Wai Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nellie Yuk-Fei Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Tat-Ming Chan
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aden Ka-Yin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Figarella-Branger D, Mokhtari K, Dehais C, Carpentier C, Colin C, Jouvet A, Uro-Coste E, Forest F, Maurage CA, Vignaud JM, Polivka M, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Eimer S, Viennet G, Quintin-Roué I, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Diebold MD, Loussouarn D, Lacroix C, Rigau V, Laquerrière A, Vandenbos F, Michalak S, Sevestre H, Peoch M, Labrousse F, Christov C, Kemeny JL, Chenard MP, Chiforeanu D, Ducray F, Idbaih A, Delattre JY. Mitotic index, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis define 3 pathological subgroups of prognostic relevance among 1p/19q co-deleted anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Neuro Oncol 2018; 18:888-90. [PMID: 27175000 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Figarella-Branger
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Caroline Dehais
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Catherine Carpentier
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Carole Colin
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Anne Jouvet
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Fabien Forest
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Marc Polivka
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt-Zalcman
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Sandrine Eimer
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Gabriel Viennet
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Isabelle Quintin-Roué
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Marie-Hélène Aubriot-Lorton
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Marie-Danièle Diebold
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Catherine Lacroix
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Valérie Rigau
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Fanny Vandenbos
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Sophie Michalak
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Henri Sevestre
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Michel Peoch
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - François Labrousse
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Christo Christov
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Danchristian Chiforeanu
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - François Ducray
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.B., C.C.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M.); Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMCUniv Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F75013, Paris, France (K.M., C.D., C.C., A.I., J.-Y.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et pathologie moléculaire des tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau technique de biologie G. Mack
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Komori T. The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System: The Major Points of Revision. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:301-311. [PMID: 28592714 PMCID: PMC5566703 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2017-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The updated 2016 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) uses molecular parameters and the histology to define the main tumor categories for the first time. This represents a shift from the traditional principle of using neuropathological diagnoses, which are primarily based on the microscopic features, to using molecularly-oriented diagnoses. Major restructuring was made with regard to diffuse gliomas, medulloblastomas and other embryonal tumors. New entities that are defined by both the histological and molecular features include glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype and glioblastoma, IDH-mutant; diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant; RELA fusion-positive ependymoma; medulloblastoma, wingless (WNT)-activated and medulloblastoma, sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated; and embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered. In addition, some entities that are no longer diagnostically relevant—such as CNS-primitive neuroectodermal tumor—have been deleted from this updated edition. The WHO2016 certainly facilitates clinical and basic research to improve the diagnosis of brain tumors and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital
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Abstract
Primary brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma, are associated with significant morbidity and are often recalcitrant to standard therapies. In recent years, brain tumors have been the focus of large-scale genomic sequencing efforts, providing unprecedented insight into the genomic aberrations and cellular signaling mechanisms that drive these cancers. Discoveries from these efforts have translated into novel diagnostic algorithms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies in Neuro-Oncology. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive brain tumors are heterogeneous and complex: applying this new knowledge to improve patient outcomes remains a challenge. Efforts to characterize and target these molecular vulnerabilities are evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Harrison
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Contribution of 1p, 19q, 9p and 10q Automated Analysis by FISH to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oligodendroglial Tumors According to WHO 2016 Guidelines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168728. [PMID: 28030632 PMCID: PMC5193469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the feasibility and the diagnostic and prognostic interest of automated analysis of 1p, 19q, 9p and 10q status by FISH technique in oligodendroglial tumors. Methods We analyzed a retrospective series of 33 consecutive gliomas with oligodendroglial histology (originally diagnosed as 24 oligodendrogliomas and 9 oligoastrocytomas). For all cases, automated FISH analysis of 1p, 19q, 9p and 10q status were performed and compared to clinical and histological data, ATRX, IDH1R132H and alpha-internexin status (studied by immunohistochemistry) and overall survival (OS). Manual analysis of 9p and 10q status were also performed and compared to automated analysis to verify the concordance of the two methods. Results The 33 gliomas were reclassified into 13 low-grade oligodendrogliomas (OII), 10 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (OIII), 3 diffuse astrocytomas (AII), 3 anaplastic astrocytomas (AIII) and 4 glioblastomas (GBM) according to the WHO 2016 histological criteria. The 1p and/or 19q imbalanced status were restricted to astrocytomas with no correlation to their grade or their OS. Chromosome 9p deletion was restricted to OIII (70%) and GBM (100%) and was correlated with a shorter OS in the total cohort (p = 0.0007), the oligodendroglioma cohort (p = 0.03) and the astrocytoma cohort (p = 0.001). Concordance between 9p manual and automated analysis was satisfactory (81%, κ = 0.69). Chromosome 10q deletion was restricted to GBMs (50%) and was correlated with a poor OS in both the total cohort (p = 0.003) and the astrocytoma (AS) cohort (p = 0.04). Concordance between manual and automated analysis was satisfactory (79%, κ = 0.62). Conclusion Automated analysis of 1p, 19q, 9p and 10q status by FISH is a reliable technique which allows for refined classification of oligodendroglial tumors. 1p and/or 19q imbalanced status is evidence of astrocytic differentiation. 9p deletion is found in high grade oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas with a poor OS. 10q is related to GBM status and a poor OS.
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Hu N, Richards R, Jensen R. Role of chromosomal 1p/19q co-deletion on the prognosis of oligodendrogliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY-ADVANCED TECHNIQUES AND CASE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Iwadate Y, Shinozaki N, Matsutani T, Uchino Y, Saeki N. Molecular imaging of 1p/19q deletion in oligodendroglial tumours with 11C-methionine positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:1016-21. [PMID: 26848169 PMCID: PMC5013113 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosome 1p/19q deletion is an established prognostic and predictive marker in the WHO grade III oligodendroglial tumours (OT). To estimate the genetic status preoperatively, the authors investigated the correlation between the uptake of (11)C-methionine in positron emission tomography (PET) and the 1p/19q status in grades II and III OT. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 144 patients with gliomas who received (11)C-methionine PET. 66 cases with grades II-III oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas underwent fluorescence in situ hybridisation to determine the 1p/19q status. The tissue uptake of (11)C-methionine was expressed as the ratio of the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) in tumour areas to the mean SUV (SUVmean) in the contralateral normal brain (tumour-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratio). RESULTS The T/N ratio in (11)C-methionine PET was significantly higher in grade III OT than in grade II tumours. The mean T/N ratio of the grade II tumours without 1p/19q deletion was significantly higher than that of the grade II tumours with 1p/19q deletion (mean 2.67 vs 1.94, respectively; p=0.0457). In grade III tumours, the mean T/N ratio of the tumours without 1p/19q deletion was also significantly higher than that of the tumours with 1p/19q deletion (mean 4.83 vs 3.49, respectively; p=0.0261). The rate of IDH1 mutation was lower and the rate of contrast enhancement on MRIs was higher in the 1p/19q non-deleted OT than those with 1p/19q deletion, which may contribute to the high T/N ratio. CONCLUSIONS Among suspected OT, (11)C-methionine PET may help us preoperatively discriminate tumours with and without 1p/19q deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsuki Shinozaki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan Department of Neurosurgery, Narita Red-Cross Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Uchino
- Chiba Medical Center for Prolonged Traumatic Brain Dysfunction, Chiba, Japan National Institute of Radiological Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naokatsu Saeki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J van den Bent
- Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Srebotnik-Kirbiš I, Limbäck-Stokin C. Application of brush cytology for FISH-based detection of 1p/19q codeletion in oligodendroglial tumors. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:415-422. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Saito T, Muragaki Y, Maruyama T, Komori T, Tamura M, Nitta M, Tsuzuki S, Kawamata T. Calcification on CT is a simple and valuable preoperative indicator of 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity in supratentorial brain tumors that are suspected grade II and III gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:175-82. [PMID: 26849373 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas with 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) are known to be associated with longer patient survival and higher sensitivity to treatment than tumors without 1p/19q LOH. This study was designed to clarify whether the preoperative finding of calcification on CT was correlated with 1p/19q LOH in patients with suspected WHO grade II and III gliomas. This study included 250 adult patients who underwent resection for primary supratentorial tumors at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital. The tumors were suspected, based on MRI findings, to be WHO grade II or III gliomas. The presence of calcification on the patients' CT images was qualitatively evaluated before treatment. After surgery, the resected tumors were examined to determine their 1p/19q status and mutations of IDH1 and p53. The presence of calcification was significantly correlated with 1p/19q LOH (P < 0.0001), with a positive predictive value of 91 %. The tumors of all the 78 patients with calcification were diagnosed as oligodendroglial tumors. Seventy of these patients showed classic oligodendroglial features, while 8 patients showed non-classic features. Calcification on CT is a simple and valuable preoperative indicator of 1p/19q LOH in supratentorial brain tumors that are suspected to be WHO grade II and III gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Muragaki
- Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Tamura
- Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kawamata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Rogers CL, Perry A, Pugh S, Vogelbaum MA, Brachman D, McMillan W, Jenrette J, Barani I, Shrieve D, Sloan A, Bovi J, Kwok Y, Burri SH, Chao ST, Spalding AC, Anscher MS, Bloom B, Mehta M. Pathology concordance levels for meningioma classification and grading in NRG Oncology RTOG Trial 0539. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:565-74. [PMID: 26493095 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With advances in the understanding of histopathology on outcome, accurate meningioma grading becomes critical and drives treatment selection. The 2000 and 2007 WHO schema greatly increased the proportion of grade II meningiomas. Although associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) have been independently validated, interobserver concordance has not been formally assessed. METHODS Once mature, NRG Oncology RTOG-0539 will report PFS and OS in variably treated low-, intermediate-, and high-risk cohorts. We address concordance of histopathologic assessment between enrolling institutions and central review, performed by a single pathologist (AP), who is also involved in developing current WHO criteria. RESULTS The trial included 170 evaluable patients, 2 of whom had 2 eligible pathology reviews from different surgeries, resulting in 172 cases for analysis. Upon central review, 76 cases were categorized as WHO grade I, 71 as grade II, and 25 as grade III. Concordance for tumor grade was 87.2%. Among patients with WHO grades I, II, and III meningioma, respective concordance rates were 93.0%, 87.8%, and 93.6% (P values < .0001). Moderate to substantial agreement was encountered for individual grading criteria and were highest for brain invasion, ≥20 mitoses/10 high-powered field [HPF], and spontaneous necrosis, and lowest for small cells, sheeting, and ≥4 mitoses/10 HPF. In comparison, published concordance for gliomas in clinical trials have ranged from 8%-74%. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that current meningioma classification and grading are at least as objective and reproducible as for gliomas. Nevertheless, reproducibility remains suboptimal. Further improvements may be anticipated with education and clarification of subjective criteria, although development of biomarkers may be the most promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leland Rogers
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Arie Perry
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Stephanie Pugh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - David Brachman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - William McMillan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Joseph Jenrette
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Igor Barani
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Dennis Shrieve
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Andy Sloan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Joseph Bovi
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Young Kwok
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Stuart H Burri
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Samuel T Chao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Aaron C Spalding
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Mitchell S Anscher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Beatrice Bloom
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
| | - Minesh Mehta
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.L.R., M.S.A.); University of California, San Francisco, California (A.P., I.B.); NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvnia (S.P.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.A.V., S.T.C.); Arizona Oncology Services Foundation, Phoenix, Arizona (D.B.); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (W.M.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (J.J.); University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (D.S.); University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio (A.S.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (J.B.); University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.K., M.M.); Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina (S.H.B.); Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, Kentucky (A.C.S.); North Shore University Hospital CCOP, Manhasset, New York (B.B.)
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Dubbink HJ, Atmodimedjo PN, Kros JM, French PJ, Sanson M, Idbaih A, Wesseling P, Enting R, Spliet W, Tijssen C, Dinjens WNM, Gorlia T, van den Bent MJ. Molecular classification of anaplastic oligodendroglioma using next-generation sequencing: a report of the prospective randomized EORTC Brain Tumor Group 26951 phase III trial. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:388-400. [PMID: 26354927 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathological diagnosis of diffuse gliomas is subject to interobserver variation and correlates modestly with major prognostic and predictive molecular abnormalities. We investigated a series of patients with locally diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors included in the EORTC phase III trial 26951 on procarbazine/lomustine/vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy to explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in diffuse glioma and to assess the prognostic impact of FUBP1 and CIC mutations. METHODS Mostly formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were tested with targeted NGS for mutations in ATRX, TP53, IDH1, IDH2, CIC, FUBP1, PI3KC, TERT, EGFR, H3F3A, BRAF, PTEN, and NOTCH and for copy number alterations of chromosomes 1p, 19q, 10q, and 7. TERT mutations were also assessed, with PCR. RESULTS Material was available from 139 cases, in 6 of which results were uninformative. One hundred twenty-six tumors could be classified: 20 as type II (IDH mutation [mut], "astrocytoma"), 49 as type I (1p/19q codeletion, "oligodendroglioma"), 55 as type III (7+/10q- or TERTmut and 1p/19q intact, "glioblastoma"), and 2 as childhood glioblastoma (H3F3Amut), leaving 7 unclassified (total 91% classified). Molecular classification was of clear prognostic significance and correlated better with outcome than did classical histopathology. In 1p/19q codeleted tumors, outcome was not affected by CIC and FUBP1 mutations. MGMT promoter methylation remained the most predictive factor for survival benefit of PCV chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Targeted NGS allows a clinically relevant classification of diffuse glioma into groups with very different outcomes. The diagnosis of diffuse glioma should be primarily based on a molecular classification, with the histopathological grade added to it. Future discussion should primarily aim at establishing the minimum requirements for molecular classification of diffuse glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrikus J Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Peggy N Atmodimedjo
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Marc Sanson
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Roelien Enting
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Wim Spliet
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Cees Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Winand N M Dinjens
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Thierry Gorlia
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.D., P.N.A., J.M.K., W.N.M.D.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.J.F.); Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpetriere, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France (M.S., A.I.); Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (P.W.); Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (R.E.); Department of Pathology, UMCU, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.S.); Department of Neurology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands (C.T.); European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Data Center, Brussels, Belgium (T.G.); Department of Neurology/Neuro-oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (M.J.v.d.B.)
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Pinkham M, Telford N, Whitfield G, Colaco R, O'Neill F, McBain C. FISHing Tips: What Every Clinician Should Know About 1p19q Analysis in Gliomas Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:445-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Duval C, de Tayrac M, Michaud K, Cabillic F, Paquet C, Gould PV, Saikali S. Automated Analysis of 1p/19q Status by FISH in Oligodendroglial Tumors: Rationale and Proposal of an Algorithm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132125. [PMID: 26135922 PMCID: PMC4489714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To propose a new algorithm facilitating automated analysis of 1p and 19q status by FISH technique in oligodendroglial tumors with software packages available in the majority of institutions using this technique. Methods We documented all green/red (G/R) probe signal combinations in a retrospective series of 53 oligodendroglial tumors according to literature guidelines (Algorithm 1) and selected only the most significant combinations for a new algorithm (Algorithm 2). This second algorithm was then validated on a prospective internal series of 45 oligodendroglial tumors and on an external series of 36 gliomas. Results Algorithm 2 utilizes 24 G/R combinations which represent less than 40% of combinations observed with Algorithm 1. The new algorithm excludes some common G/R combinations (1/1, 3/2) and redefines the place of others (defining 1/2 as compatible with normal and 3/3, 4/4 and 5/5 as compatible with imbalanced chromosomal status). The new algorithm uses the combination + ratio method of signal probe analysis to give the best concordance between manual and automated analysis on samples of 100 tumor cells (91% concordance for 1p and 89% concordance for 19q) and full concordance on samples of 200 tumor cells. This highlights the value of automated analysis as a means to identify cases in which a larger number of tumor cells should be studied by manual analysis. Validation of this algorithm on a second series from another institution showed a satisfactory concordance (89%, κ = 0.8). Conclusion Our algorithm can be easily implemented on all existing FISH analysis software platforms and should facilitate multicentric evaluation and standardization of 1p/19q assessment in gliomas with reduction of the professional and technical time required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duval
- Department of pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Department of genomic and molecular genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Karine Michaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Florian Cabillic
- Department of cytogenetics and cellular biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Paquet
- Department of pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Vincent Gould
- Department of pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphan Saikali
- Department of pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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29
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Figarella‐Branger D, Mokhtari K, Colin C, Uro‐Coste E, Jouvet A, Dehais C, Carpentier C, Villa C, Maurage C, Eimer S, Polivka M, Vignaud J, Laquerriere A, Sevestre H, Lechapt‐Zalcman E, Quintin‐Roué I, Aubriot‐Lorton M, Diebold M, Viennet G, Adam C, Loussouarn D, Michalak S, Rigau V, Heitzmann A, Vandenbos F, Forest F, Chiforeanu D, Tortel M, Labrousse F, Chenard M, Nguyen AT, Varlet P, Kemeny JL, Levillain P, Cazals‐Hatem D, Richard P, Delattre J. Prognostic Relevance of Histomolecular Classification of Diffuse Adult High-Grade Gliomas with Necrosis. Brain Pathol 2015; 25:418-28. [PMID: 25407774 PMCID: PMC8029113 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse adult high-grade gliomas (HGGs) with necrosis encompass anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) with necrosis (grade III), glioblastomas (GBM, grade IV) and glioblastomas with an oligodendroglial component (GBMO, grade IV). Here, we aimed to search for prognostic relevance of histological classification and molecular alterations of these tumors. About 210 patients were included (63 AO, 56 GBM and 91 GBMO). GBMO group was split into "anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) with necrosis grade IV/GBMO," restricted to tumors showing intermingled astrocytic and oligodendroglial component, and "GBM/GBMO" based on tumors presenting oligodendroglial foci and features of GBM. Genomic arrays, IDH1 R132H expression analyses and IDH direct sequencing were performed. 1p/19q co-deletion characterized AO, whereas no IDH1 R132H expression and intact 1p/19q characterized both GBM and GBM/GBMO. AOA with necrosis/GBMO mainly demonstrated IDH1 R132H expression and intact 1p/19q. Other IDH1 or IDH2 mutations were extremely rare. Both histological and molecular classifications were predictive of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 10(-4) ). Diffuse adult HGGs with necrosis can be split into three histomolecular groups of prognostic relevance: 1p/19q co-deleted AO, IDH1 R132H-GBM and 1p/19q intact IDH1 R132H+ gliomas that might be classified as IDH1 R132H+ GBM. Because of histomolecular heterogeneity, we suggest to remove the name GBMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Figarella‐Branger
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de NeuropathologieHôpital de la TimoneAPHMMarseilleFrance
- INSERMCRO2 UMR_S 911Aix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Département de Neuropathologie Raymond EscourolleGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (CRICM)UMR 7225Université Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris 6ParisFrance
- INSERM U1127ParisFrance
| | - Carole Colin
- INSERMCRO2 UMR_S 911Aix‐Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Uro‐Coste
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie‐CytologieHôpital RangueilCHU ToulouseToulouseFrance
- INSERM U1037Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de ToulouseUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Anne Jouvet
- Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie EstHospices Civils de LyonBronFrance
| | - Caroline Dehais
- Service de Neurologie 2—MazarinGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Catherine Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (CRICM)UMR 7225Université Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris 6ParisFrance
- INSERM U1127ParisFrance
| | - Chiara Villa
- Département de Neuropathologie Raymond EscourolleGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
- Service d'Anatomie PathologiqueHôpital FochSuresnesFrance
| | | | - Sandrine Eimer
- Service de Pathologie—NeuropathologieHôpital PellegrinCHU BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- EA2406Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des TumeursUniversité Bordeaux SegalenBordeauxFrance
| | - Marc Polivka
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiqueHôpital LariboisièreAP‐HPParisFrance
| | | | - Annie Laquerriere
- Laboratoire de PathologieHôpital Charles NicolleCHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesCHU AmiensAmiensFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Lechapt‐Zalcman
- Service d'Anatomie PathologiqueHôpital de la Côte de NacreCHU CaenCaenFrance
- GIP CYCERONCERVOxyUMR 6301 ISTCTCNRSCaenFrance
| | | | | | - Marie‐Danièle Diebold
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital Robert DebréCHU ReimsReimsFrance
| | - Gabriel Viennet
- Service Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital Jean MinjozCHU BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Clovis Adam
- Service Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital BicêtreAP‐HPKremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | | | - Sophie Michalak
- Département Pathologie Cellulaire et TissulaireCHU AngersAngersFrance
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital Gui de ChaulliacCHU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Anne Heitzmann
- Service d'Anatomie PathologiqueHôpital la SourceCHR OrléansOrléansFrance
| | - Fanny Vandenbos
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital PasteurCHU NiceNiceFrance
| | - Fabien Forest
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital NordCHU Saint‐EtienneSaint‐EtienneFrance
| | | | | | | | - Marie‐Pierre Chenard
- Service d'Anatomie PathologiqueHôpital HautepierreCHU StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | - Jean Louis Kemeny
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital Gabriel MontpiedCHU Clermont‐FerrandClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Pierre‐Marie Levillain
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie PathologiquesHôpital la MilétrieCHU PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | | | - Pomone Richard
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques des FeuillantsToulouseFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Delattre
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (CRICM)UMR 7225Université Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris 6ParisFrance
- INSERM U1127ParisFrance
- Service de Neurologie 2—MazarinGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
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Hayashi S, Sasaki H, Kimura T, Abe T, Nakamura T, Kitamura Y, Miwa T, Kameyama K, Hirose Y, Yoshida K. Molecular-genetic and clinical characteristics of gliomas with astrocytic appearance and total 1p19q loss in a single institutional consecutive cohort. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15871-81. [PMID: 25991674 PMCID: PMC4599243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of 1p19q loss in astrocytic gliomas has been inconclusive.We collected 57 gliomas with total 1p19q loss from among 218 cases of WHO grade-II/III gliomas operated at Keio University Hospital between 1990 and 2010. These tumors were classified as oligodendroglial or "astrocytic" by a WHO-criteria-based institutional diagnosis. Chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs), IDH 1/2 mutations, MGMT promoter methylation, and expression of p53 and ATRX were assessed. Survival outcome was compared between the two histological groups.Of the 57 codeleted gliomas, 37, 16, and four were classified as oligodendroglial, "astrocytic", and unclassified, respectively. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed that although chromosome 7q/7 gain was more frequent in "astrocytic" gliomas, other CNAs occurred at a similar frequency in both groups. None of the "astrocytic" gliomas showed p53 accumulation, and ATRX loss was found in three of the 15 "astrocytic" gliomas. The estimated overall survival (OS) curves in the patients with codeleted oligodendroglial and "astrocytic" gliomas overlapped, and the median OS was 187 and 184 months, respectively. Histopathological re-assessment by a single pathologist showed consistent results.Gliomas with total 1p19q loss with "astrocytic" features have molecular and biological characteristics comparable to those of oligodendroglial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Present address: Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate, School of Medicine, Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Center for Clinical Research, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Takebayashi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoru Miwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kameyama
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Brat DJ, Verhaak RGW, Aldape KD, Yung WKA, Salama SR, Cooper LAD, Rheinbay E, Miller CR, Vitucci M, Morozova O, Robertson AG, Noushmehr H, Laird PW, Cherniack AD, Akbani R, Huse JT, Ciriello G, Poisson LM, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Berger MS, Brennan C, Colen RR, Colman H, Flanders AE, Giannini C, Grifford M, Iavarone A, Jain R, Joseph I, Kim J, Kasaian K, Mikkelsen T, Murray BA, O'Neill BP, Pachter L, Parsons DW, Sougnez C, Sulman EP, Vandenberg SR, Van Meir EG, von Deimling A, Zhang H, Crain D, Lau K, Mallery D, Morris S, Paulauskis J, Penny R, Shelton T, Sherman M, Yena P, Black A, Bowen J, Dicostanzo K, Gastier-Foster J, Leraas KM, Lichtenberg TM, Pierson CR, Ramirez NC, Taylor C, Weaver S, Wise L, Zmuda E, Davidsen T, Demchok JA, Eley G, Ferguson ML, Hutter CM, Mills Shaw KR, Ozenberger BA, Sheth M, Sofia HJ, Tarnuzzer R, Wang Z, Yang L, Zenklusen JC, Ayala B, Baboud J, Chudamani S, Jensen MA, Liu J, Pihl T, Raman R, Wan Y, Wu Y, Ally A, Auman JT, Balasundaram M, Balu S, Baylin SB, Beroukhim R, Bootwalla MS, Bowlby R, Bristow CA, Brooks D, Butterfield Y, Carlsen R, Carter S, Chin L, Chu A, Chuah E, Cibulskis K, Clarke A, Coetzee SG, Dhalla N, Fennell T, Fisher S, Gabriel S, Getz G, Gibbs R, Guin R, Hadjipanayis A, Hayes DN, Hinoue T, Hoadley K, Holt RA, Hoyle AP, Jefferys SR, Jones S, Jones CD, Kucherlapati R, Lai PH, Lander E, Lee S, Lichtenstein L, Ma Y, Maglinte DT, Mahadeshwar HS, Marra MA, Mayo M, Meng S, Meyerson ML, Mieczkowski PA, Moore RA, Mose LE, Mungall AJ, Pantazi A, Parfenov M, Park PJ, Parker JS, Perou CM, Protopopov A, Ren X, Roach J, Sabedot TS, Schein J, Schumacher SE, Seidman JG, Seth S, Shen H, Simons JV, Sipahimalani P, Soloway MG, Song X, Sun H, Tabak B, Tam A, Tan D, Tang J, Thiessen N, Triche T, Van Den Berg DJ, Veluvolu U, Waring S, Weisenberger DJ, Wilkerson MD, Wong T, Wu J, Xi L, Xu AW, Yang L, Zack TI, Zhang J, Aksoy BA, Arachchi H, Benz C, Bernard B, Carlin D, Cho J, DiCara D, Frazer S, Fuller GN, Gao J, Gehlenborg N, Haussler D, Heiman DI, Iype L, Jacobsen A, Ju Z, Katzman S, Kim H, Knijnenburg T, Kreisberg RB, Lawrence MS, Lee W, Leinonen K, Lin P, Ling S, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lu Y, Mills G, Ng S, Noble MS, Paull E, Rao A, Reynolds S, Saksena G, Sanborn Z, Sander C, Schultz N, Senbabaoglu Y, Shen R, Shmulevich I, Sinha R, Stuart J, Sumer SO, Sun Y, Tasman N, Taylor BS, Voet D, Weinhold N, Weinstein JN, Yang D, Yoshihara K, Zheng S, Zhang W, Zou L, Abel T, Sadeghi S, Cohen ML, Eschbacher J, Hattab EM, Raghunathan A, Schniederjan MJ, Aziz D, Barnett G, Barrett W, Bigner DD, Boice L, Brewer C, Calatozzolo C, Campos B, Carlotti CG, Chan TA, Cuppini L, Curley E, Cuzzubbo S, Devine K, DiMeco F, Duell R, Elder JB, Fehrenbach A, Finocchiaro G, Friedman W, Fulop J, Gardner J, Hermes B, Herold-Mende C, Jungk C, Kendler A, Lehman NL, Lipp E, Liu O, Mandt R, McGraw M, Mclendon R, McPherson C, Neder L, Nguyen P, Noss A, Nunziata R, Ostrom QT, Palmer C, Perin A, Pollo B, Potapov A, Potapova O, Rathmell WK, Rotin D, Scarpace L, Schilero C, Senecal K, Shimmel K, Shurkhay V, Sifri S, Singh R, Sloan AE, Smolenski K, Staugaitis SM, Steele R, Thorne L, Tirapelli DPC, Unterberg A, Vallurupalli M, Wang Y, Warnick R, Williams F, Wolinsky Y, Bell S, Rosenberg M, Stewart C, Huang F, Grimsby JL, Radenbaugh AJ, Zhang J. Comprehensive, Integrative Genomic Analysis of Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2481-98. [PMID: 26061751 PMCID: PMC4530011 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1402121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2174] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse low-grade and intermediate-grade gliomas (which together make up the lower-grade gliomas, World Health Organization grades II and III) have highly variable clinical behavior that is not adequately predicted on the basis of histologic class. Some are indolent; others quickly progress to glioblastoma. The uncertainty is compounded by interobserver variability in histologic diagnosis. Mutations in IDH, TP53, and ATRX and codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q (1p/19q codeletion) have been implicated as clinically relevant markers of lower-grade gliomas. METHODS We performed genomewide analyses of 293 lower-grade gliomas from adults, incorporating exome sequence, DNA copy number, DNA methylation, messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, and targeted protein expression. These data were integrated and tested for correlation with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering of mutations and data from RNA, DNA-copy-number, and DNA-methylation platforms uncovered concordant classification of three robust, nonoverlapping, prognostically significant subtypes of lower-grade glioma that were captured more accurately by IDH, 1p/19q, and TP53 status than by histologic class. Patients who had lower-grade gliomas with an IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion had the most favorable clinical outcomes. Their gliomas harbored mutations in CIC, FUBP1, NOTCH1, and the TERT promoter. Nearly all lower-grade gliomas with IDH mutations and no 1p/19q codeletion had mutations in TP53 (94%) and ATRX inactivation (86%). The large majority of lower-grade gliomas without an IDH mutation had genomic aberrations and clinical behavior strikingly similar to those found in primary glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS The integration of genomewide data from multiple platforms delineated three molecular classes of lower-grade gliomas that were more concordant with IDH, 1p/19q, and TP53 status than with histologic class. Lower-grade gliomas with an IDH mutation either had 1p/19q codeletion or carried a TP53 mutation. Most lower-grade gliomas without an IDH mutation were molecularly and clinically similar to glioblastoma. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Brandner S, von Deimling A. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive relevance of molecular markers in gliomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:694-720. [PMID: 25944653 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advances of genome-wide 'discovery platforms' and the increasing affordability of the analysis of significant sample sizes have led to the identification of novel mutations in brain tumours that became diagnostically and prognostically relevant. The development of mutation-specific antibodies has facilitated the introduction of these convenient biomarkers into most neuropathology laboratories and has changed our approach to brain tumour diagnostics. However, tissue diagnosis will remain an essential first step for the correct stratification for subsequent molecular tests, and the combined interpretation of the molecular and tissue diagnosis ideally remains with the neuropathologist. This overview will help our understanding of the pathobiology of common intrinsic brain tumours in adults and help guiding which molecular tests can supplement and refine the tissue diagnosis of the most common adult intrinsic brain tumours. This article will discuss the relevance of 1p/19q codeletions, IDH1/2 mutations, BRAF V600E and BRAF fusion mutations, more recently discovered mutations in ATRX, H3F3A, TERT, CIC and FUBP1, for diagnosis, prognostication and predictive testing. In a tumour-specific topic, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mutations in the pathogenesis of pilocytic astrocytomas will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ and DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
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Oligodendroglioma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:809-27. [PMID: 25943885 PMCID: PMC4436696 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For nearly a century, the diagnosis and grading of oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas has been based on histopathology alone. Roughly 20 years ago, the first glioma-associated molecular signature was found with complete chromosome 1p and 19q codeletion being particularly common in histologically classic oligodendrogliomas. Subsequently, this codeletion appeared to not only carry diagnostic, but also prognostic and predictive information, the latter aspect only recently resolved after carefully constructed clinical trials with very long follow-up times. More recently described biomarkers, including the non-balanced translocation leading to 1p/19q codeletion, promoter hypermethylation of the MGMT gene, mutations of the IDH1 or IDH2 gene, and mutations of FUBP1 (on 1p) or CIC (on 19q), have greatly enhanced our understanding of oligodendroglioma biology, although their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive roles are less clear. It has therefore been suggested that complete 1p/19q codeletion be required for the diagnosis of 'canonical oligodendroglioma'. This transition to an integrated morphological and molecular diagnosis may result in the disappearance of oligoastrocytoma as an entity, but brings new challenges as well. For instance it needs to be sorted out how (histopathological) criteria for grading of 'canonical oligodendrogliomas' should be adapted, how pediatric oligodendrogliomas (known to lack codeletions) should be defined, which platforms and cut-off levels should ideally be used for demonstration of particular molecular aberrations, and how the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma should be made in centers/countries where molecular diagnostics is not available. Meanwhile, smart integration of morphological and molecular information will lead to recognition of biologically much more uniform groups within the spectrum of diffuse gliomas and thereby facilitate tailored treatments for individual patients.
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Kros JM, Huizer K, Hernández-Laín A, Marucci G, Michotte A, Pollo B, Rushing EJ, Ribalta T, French P, Jaminé D, Bekka N, Lacombe D, van den Bent MJ, Gorlia T. Evidence-Based Diagnostic Algorithm for Glioma: Analysis of the Results of Pathology Panel Review and Molecular Parameters of EORTC 26951 and 26882 Trials. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1943-50. [PMID: 25918297 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With the rapid discovery of prognostic and predictive molecular parameters for glioma, the status of histopathology in the diagnostic process should be scrutinized. Our project aimed to construct a diagnostic algorithm for gliomas based on molecular and histologic parameters with independent prognostic values. METHODS The pathology slides of 636 patients with gliomas who had been included in EORTC 26951 and 26882 trials were reviewed using virtual microscopy by a panel of six neuropathologists who independently scored 18 histologic features and provided an overall diagnosis. The molecular data for IDH1, 1p/19q loss, EGFR amplification, loss of chromosome 10 and chromosome arm 10q, gain of chromosome 7, and hypermethylation of the promoter of MGMT were available for some of the cases. The slides were divided in discovery (n = 426) and validation sets (n = 210). The diagnostic algorithm resulting from analysis of the discovery set was validated in the latter. RESULTS In 66% of cases, consensus of overall diagnosis was present. A diagnostic algorithm consisting of two molecular markers and one consensus histologic feature was created by conditional inference tree analysis. The order of prognostic significance was: 1p/19q loss, EGFR amplification, and astrocytic morphology, which resulted in the identification of four diagnostic nodes. Validation of the nodes in the validation set confirmed the prognostic value (P < .001). CONCLUSION We succeeded in the creation of a timely diagnostic algorithm for anaplastic glioma based on multivariable analysis of consensus histopathology and molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Kros
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karin Huizer
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio Hernández-Laín
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Michotte
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Ribalta
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pim French
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Jaminé
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nawal Bekka
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Lacombe
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J van den Bent
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Gorlia
- Johan M. Kros and Karin Huizer, Erasmus Medical Center; Pim French and Martin J. van den Bent, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aurelio Hernández-Laín, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Reseach Institute, Madrid; Teresa Ribalta, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gianluca Marucci, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; Bianca Pollo, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta," Milano, Italy; Alex Michotte, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; David Jaminé, Nawal Bekka, Denis Lacombe, and Thierry Gorlia, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium; and Elisabeth J. Rushing, Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dynamic study of methionine positron emission tomography in patients with glioblastoma with oligodendroglial components. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:253-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Laack NN, Sarkaria JN, Buckner JC. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9802: Controversy or Consensus in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Low-Grade Glioma? Semin Radiat Oncol 2015; 25:197-202. [PMID: 26050590 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of newly diagnosed or suspected low-grade glioma (LGG) is one of the most controversial areas in neuro-oncology. The heterogeneity of these tumors, concern regarding morbidity of treatment, and absence of proven overall survival benefit from any known treatment have resulted in a lack of consensus regarding the timing and extent of surgery, timing of radiotherapy (RT), and role of chemotherapy. The long-term results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9802, a phase III randomized trial comparing RT alone with RT and 6 cycles of adjuvant procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine (PCV), demonstrated an unprecedented 5.5-year improvement in median overall survival with the addition of PCV chemotherapy in high-risk patients with LGG. These results are practice changing and define a new standard of care for these patients. However, in the intervening decade since the trial was completed, novel molecular markers as well as newer chemotherapy agents such as temozolomide have been developed, which make these results difficult to incorporate into clinical practice. This review summarizes the evidence for and against the role of upfront RT and PCV in newly diagnosed patients with LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Laack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumors are relatively rare, comprising approximately 5% of all glial neoplasms. Oligodendroglial tumor patients have a better prognosis than those with astrocytic neoplasms, and patients with tumors that contain 1p/19q co-deletions or IDH-1 mutations appear to be particularly sensitive to treatment. In the past decade, scientists have made significant progress in the unraveling the molecular events that relate to the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. There is considerable excitement resulting from the recent reports from two large phase III randomized trials (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC] 26951 and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] 9402), which disclosed that patients with newly diagnosed 1p/19q co-deleted anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors have a 7+year increase in median overall survival following chemoradiation, as compared to radiation alone. This has stimulated a renewed interest in the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment and potential cure of oligodendroglial tumors, based on an improved scientific understanding of the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. The goal of this document is to summarize the key translational developments and recent clinical therapeutic trial data, with a correlative perspective on current and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jaeckle
- Departments of Neurology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL.
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Duval C, de Tayrac M, Sanschagrin F, Michaud K, Gould PV, Saikali S. ImmunoFISH is a reliable technique for the assessment of 1p and 19q status in oligodendrogliomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100342. [PMID: 24949947 PMCID: PMC4065070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a new ImmunoFISH technique for the study of oligodendrogliomas by combining a standard immunohistochemical stain using MIB-1 antibody with a standard FISH technique using commercial 1p36 and 19q13 chromosomal probes. Methods Validation was performed by two observers on a series of 36 pre-selected oligodendrogliomas and compared to the results previously determined by FISH alone. Results The ImFISH technique is easy to perform and to analyze and is no more time-consuming than the usual FISH technique. Our results show that the inter-observer reliability of ImFISH is high (κ = 0.86 and 0.95 respectively for 1p and 19q). Compared to FISH, the ImFISH exhibits a very high sensitivity (∼100%) and specificity (∼90%) for 1p and/or 19q deleted cases. The sensitivity is high for normal cases (∼85%) and imbalanced cases (∼90%) with a specificity ranging between 50 and 85%. Finally, there were no significant differences between FISH and ImFISH results calculated on 60, 40 or 20 cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the reliability of the ImFISH technique in oligodendrogliomas and emphasizes its advantage in poorly cellular tumoral specimen.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Oligodendroglioma/genetics
- Oligodendroglioma/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duval
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Department of genomic and molecular genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Sanschagrin
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Michaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Vincent Gould
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphan Saikali
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ahmad Z, Idrees R, Fatima S, Arshad H, Din NU, Memon A, Minhas K, Ahmed A, Fatima SS, Arif M, Ahmed R, Haroon S, Pervez S, Hassan S, Kayani N. How our practice of histopathology, especially tumour pathology has changed in the last two decades: reflections from a major referral center in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3829-49. [PMID: 24935563 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued advances in the field of histo-pathology (and cyto-pathology) over the past two decades have resulted in dramatic changes in the manner in which these disciplines are now practiced. This is especially true in the setting of a large university hospital where the role of pathologists as clinicians (diagnosticians), undergraduate and postgraduate educators, and researchers has evolved considerably. The world around us has changed significantly during this period bringing about a considerable change in our lifestyles and the way we live. This is the world of the internet and the world-wide web, the world of Google and Wikipedia, of Youtube and Facebook where anyone can obtain any information one desires at the push of a button. The practice of histo (and cyto) pathology has also evolved in line with these changes. For those practicing this discipline in a poor, developing country these changes have been breathtaking. This is an attempt to document these changes as experienced by histo (and cyto) pathologists practicing in the biggest center for Histopathology in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia with a large (180 million) and ever growing population. The Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Karachi, Pakistan's largest city has since its inception in the mid-1980s transformed the way histopathology is practiced in Pakistan by incorporating modern methods and rescuing histopathology in Pakistan from the primitive and outdated groove in which it was stuck for decades. It set histopathology in Pakistan firmly on the path of modernity and change which are essential for better patient management and care through accurate and complete diagnosis and more recently prognostic and predictive information as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmad
- Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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Lecavalier-Barsoum M, Quon H, Abdulkarim B. Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD007104. [PMID: 24833028 PMCID: PMC7388823 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007104.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard care of adjuvant treatment for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) is not yet well defined. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT), given as single modalities or sequentially, is still unclear. Furthermore, insight into the predictive and prognostic impact of various biomarkers is surging. OBJECTIVES To compare postoperative sequential RT and chemotherapy to RT alone in adults with newly diagnosed AO or mixed AOA. To evaluate the predictive and prognostic impact of the following biomarkers: codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 and -2 mutations. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 1, 2014), MEDLINE (2006 to March week 2, 2014) and EMBASE (2006 to week 11, 2014). We scanned reference lists from relevant studies for any additional articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with AO, AOA or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) comparing adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy, RT, or sequential chemotherapy and RT. We excluded no specific chemotherapy regimens. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We critically appraised and extracted data from relevant studies. Based on the differences in participant selection with respect to the definition of AO (two versus three high-risk anaplastic features), the inclusion of AA and sequence of treatment (RT and chemotherapy), we could not consider the results from the three RCTs for meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS Three RCTs, with 931 participants, tested different neoadjuvant treatments: RT alone; sequential RT and procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy; PCV chemotherapy alone; and temozolomide chemotherapy alone. None of the studies blinded participants or personnel, and, therefore, are considered at high risk of performance and detection bias. The studies were otherwise at low risk of bias. One study, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial, demonstrated a statistically significant overall survival (OS) benefit for RT plus PCV, with a median OS of 3.5 years compared with 2.6 years in the RT alone arm (P value = 0.018). This result was reported 10 years after the conclusion of the enrolment, and was not apparent in the original 2008 Cochrane review. Furthermore, with retrospective evaluation of biomarkers, codeletion of complete chromosome arms 1p and 19q and IDH-1 or -2 mutation were independent prognostic factors for OS in two of the RCTs (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and EORTC), and were predictive for OS in one trial (RTOG). The third trial (NOA-04) evaluated these biomarkers prospectively and found them prognostic for progression-free survival. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Early PCV, either before or after RT, appears to improve OS of participants with AO or AOA. Use of biomarkers including codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q with or without IDH-1 or -2 mutation identify a subset of people with increased sensitivity to combined PCV and RT. The important role of biomarkers was supported in all of the RCTs examined, and prospective evaluation should be undertaken in future studies. However, PCV was associated with significant grade 3 and 4 toxicities, and whether temozolomide can be substituted for this remains unclear.
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Figarella-Branger D, Mokhtari K, Dehais C, Jouvet A, Uro-Coste E, Colin C, Carpentier C, Forest F, Maurage CA, Vignaud JM, Polivka M, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Eimer S, Viennet G, Quintin-Roué I, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Diebold MD, Loussouarn D, Lacroix C, Rigau V, Laquerrière A, Vandenbos F, Michalak S, Sevestre H, Peoch M, Labrousse F, Christov C, Kemeny JL, Chenard MP, Chiforeanu D, Ducray F, Idbaih A. Mitotic index, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis define 3 groups of 1p/19q codeleted anaplastic oligodendrogliomas associated with different genomic alterations. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1244-54. [PMID: 24723566 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to correlate histological features and molecular characteristics in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs). METHODS The histological characteristics of 203 AO patients, enrolled in the French national network POLA, were analyzed. The genomic profiles of 191 cases were studied using genomic arrays. IDH mutational status was assessed by immunohistochemistry and direct sequencing. RESULTS 1p/19q codeletion was present in 79% of cases and was associated with alpha-internexin expression (P < 10(-4)), IDH1/2 mutation (P < 10(-4)), chromosome 4 loss (P < 10(-3)), and better overall survival (P < 10(-4)). Based on mitotic index, microvascular proliferation (MVP), and necrosis, 3 groups of 1p/19q codeleted AOs were identified: (group 1) AO with more than 5 mitoses per 10-HPF, no MVP, and no necrosis; (group 2) AO with MVP and no necrosis; and (group 3) AO with MVP and necrosis. Compared with group 1, groups 2 and 3 AOs had a higher mean Ki-67 proliferation index and a higher rate of 9p and 9q losses. Compared with group 2, group 3 AOs had a higher number of chromosomal alterations including chromosome 4 loss. In the subgroup of 157 1p/19q codeleted AOs, chromosomal instability was associated with shorter progression-free survival (P = .024) and shorter overall survival (P = .023). CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that oligodendrogliomas with classic histological features remain a molecularly heterogeneous entity and should be stratified according to 1p/19q status because of its major prognostic relevance. Moreover, 1p/19q codeleted AOs are also heterogeneous. Interestingly, mitotic index, MVP, and necrosis help to classify them into 3 groups associated with distinct genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Figarella-Branger
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Caroline Dehais
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Anne Jouvet
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Carole Colin
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Catherine Carpentier
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Fabien Forest
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Claude-Alain Maurage
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Jean-Michel Vignaud
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Marc Polivka
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Emmanuelle Lechapt-Zalcman
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Sandrine Eimer
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Gabriel Viennet
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Isabelle Quintin-Roué
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Marie-Hélène Aubriot-Lorton
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Marie-Danièle Diebold
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Catherine Lacroix
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Valérie Rigau
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Fanny Vandenbos
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Sophie Michalak
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Henri Sevestre
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Michel Peoch
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - François Labrousse
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Christo Christov
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Danchristian Chiforeanu
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - François Ducray
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France (D.F.-B.); Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille, France (D.F.-B., C.Co.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Paris, France (K.M., A.I.); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), UMRS 975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); Inserm U975, Paris, France (K.M., C.Ca., A.I.); AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2 - Mazarin, Paris, France (C.D.); Centre de Pathologie et de Neuropathologie Est, Bron, France (A.J.); CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et Histologie-Cytologie, Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); Inserm U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France (E.U.-C.); CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Saint-Etienne, France (F.F., M.P.); CHU Lille, Pôle Pathologie Biologique, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Lille, France (C.-A.M.); CHU Nancy, Hôpital Central, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nancy, France (J.-M.V.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, France (M.P.); CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France (E.L.-Z.); CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Service de Pathologie - Neuropathologie, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); EA2406, Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France (S.E.); CHU Besançon, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Besançon, France (G.V.); CHU Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Service Anatomie Pathologique, Brest, France (I.Q.-R.); CHU Dijon, Plateau Technique de Biologie G. Mack, Service Anatomie et
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Cairncross JG, Wang M, Jenkins RB, Shaw EG, Giannini C, Brachman DG, Buckner JC, Fink KL, Souhami L, Laperriere NJ, Huse JT, Mehta MP, Curran WJ. Benefit from procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in oligodendroglial tumors is associated with mutation of IDH. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:783-90. [PMID: 24516018 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.49.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with 1p/19q codeleted anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors who participated in RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) 9402 lived much longer after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) than radiation therapy (RT) alone. However, some patients with noncodeleted tumors also benefited from CRT; survival curves separated after the median had been reached, and significantly more patients lived ≥ 10 years after CRT than RT. Thus, 1p/19q status may not identify all responders to CRT. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using trial data, we inquired whether an IDH mutation or germ-line polymorphism associated with IDH-mutant gliomas identified the patients in RTOG 9402 who benefited from CRT. RESULTS IDH status was evaluable in 210 of 291 patients; 156 (74%) had mutations. rs55705857 was evaluable in 245 patients; 76 (31%) carried the G risk allele. Both were associated with longer progression-free survival after CRT, and mutant IDH was associated with longer overall survival (9.4 v 5.7 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.86; P = .006). For those with wild-type tumors, CRT did not prolong median survival (1.3 v 1.8 years; HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.63 to 2.04; P = .67) or 10-year survival rate (CRT, 6% v RT, 4%). Patients with codeleted mutated tumors (14.7 v 6.8 years; HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.85; P = .01) and noncodeleted mutated tumors (5.5 v 3.3 years; HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.99; P < .05) lived longer after CRT than RT. CONCLUSION IDH mutational status identified patients with oligodendroglial tumors who did (and did not) benefit from alkylating-agent chemotherapy with RT. Although patients with codeleted tumors lived longest, patients with noncodeleted IDH-mutated tumors also lived longer after CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gregory Cairncross
- J. Gregory Cairncross, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Luis Souhami, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; Normand J. Laperriere, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meihua Wang, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA; Robert B. Jenkins, Caterina Giannini, and Jan C. Buckner, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Edward G. Shaw, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; David G. Brachman, Arizona Oncology Services Foundation/Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Karen L. Fink, Baylor University, Dallas, TX; Jason T. Huse, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Minesh P. Mehta, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; and Walter J. Curran Jr, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Komori T, Hirose T, Shibuya M, Suzuki H, Tanaka S, Sasaki A. Controversies over the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma: a report from the satellite workshop at the 4th international symposium of brain tumor pathology, Nagoya Congress Center, May 23, 2012. Brain Tumor Pathol 2014; 30:253-61. [PMID: 24100794 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of discussing how the neuropathology community should resolve the controversy over the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma, this Satellite Workshop reflects the collaboration between two invited keynote speakers: Dr. Johan M. Kros of the Erasmus Medical Center and Dr. Kenneth D. Aldape of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the Organizing Committee of the Japanese Society of Brain Tumor Pathology. In the first half of the workshop, the keynote speakers reviewed the current status of the pathology and genetics of oligodendroglioma. In the second half, six debatable cases that exemplify the current controversies over the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma were presented. The consensus diagnoses in these six cases, which have been reviewed by members of the Society, were opened to discussion and comments by the speakers. These cases highlight unresolved issues in the WHO 2007 classification of oligodendrogliomas, particularly the discordance between morphology and genetics. To achieve synchronization between phenotypes and genotypes, the neuropathology diagnosis should focus on the classic features of oligodendrogliomas that are highly correlated with the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0042, Japan,
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Alpha-internexin and altered CIC expression as a supportive diagnostic marker for oligodendroglial tumors with the 1p/19q co-deletion. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 31:257-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Clark KH, Villano JL, Nikiforova MN, Hamilton RL, Horbinski C. 1p/19q testing has no significance in the workup of glioblastomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:706-17. [PMID: 23363074 PMCID: PMC4095883 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether testing for isolated 1p or 19q losses, or as a codeletion, has any significance in the workup of glioblastomas (GBMs). METHODS Upfront 1p/19q testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was done in 491 gliomas that were histologically diagnosed as GBMs. Outcomes were determined and measured against 1p/19q results. RESULTS Twenty-eight showed apparent 1p/19q codeletion by either FISH and/or PCR-based LOH, but only 1/26 showed codeletion by both tests. Over 90% of tumours with apparent codeletion by either FISH or LOH also had 10q LOH and/or EGFR amplification, features inversely related to true whole-arm 1p/19q codeletion. Furthermore, only 1/28 tumours demonstrated an R132H IDH1 mutation. Neither 1p/19q codeletion by FISH nor LOH had an impact on GBM survival. Isolated losses of 1p or 19q also had no impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that (i) 1p/19q testing is not useful on gliomas that are histologically GBMs; (ii) codeletion testing should be reserved only for cases with compatible morphology; and (iii) EGFR, 10q, and IDH1 testing can help act as safeguards against a false-positive 1p/19q result.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gadji M, Crous-Tsanaclis AM, Mathieu D, Mai S, Fortin D, Drouin R. A new der(1;7)(q10;p10) leading to a singular 1p loss in a case of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component. Neuropathology 2013; 34:170-8. [PMID: 24118308 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The combined 1p-/19q- deletions in oligodendrogliomas originate from translocation between both chromosomes. In the few cases of oligoastrocytomas and glioblastomas with an oligodendroglioma component (GBMO) where only 1p deletion was described, the origin remains unknown. We report the first case of GBMO, in which a single 1p deletion was detected and was linked to a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7. Fresh surgical specimens were collected during surgery and the samples were used for cell culture, touch preparation smear slides (TP slides) and DNA extraction. Peripheral venous blood was also collected from the patient. G-banding using Trypsin and stained with Giemsa (GTG) banding and karyotyping were performed and 1p-/19q-, TP53, PTEN and c-MYC were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Multicolor FISH (mFISH) and microsatellites analyses were also performed to complete the investigation. Three-dimensional quantitative FISH (3D-QFISH) of telomeres was performed on nuclei from TP slides and analyzed using TeloView(TM) to determine whether the 3D telomere profile as an assessment of telomere dysfunction and a characterization of genomic instability could predict the disease aggressiveness. An unbalanced chromosomal translocation was found in all metaphases and confirmed by mFISH. The karyotype of the case is: 50∼99,XXX, +der(1;7)(q10;p10),inc[47] The derivative chromosome was found in all 47 analyzed cells, but the number of derivatives varied from one to four. There was neither imbalance in copy number for genes TP53 and PTEN, nor amplification of c-MYC gene. We did not find loss of heterozygosity with analysis of microsatellite markers for chromosomes 1p and 19q in tumor cells. The 3D-telomere profile predicted a very poor prognostic and short-term survival of the patient and highlights the potential clinical power of telomere signatures as a solid biomarker of GBMO. Furthermore, this translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7 led to a singular 1p deletion in this GBMO and may generate the 1p and 7q deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macoura Gadji
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (MICB), Cancer Care Manitoba (CCMB), The Genomic Centre for Cancer Research and Diagnosis (GCCRD), The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Laboratory of Haematology and Immunology, National Centre of Blood Transfusion of Dakar (CNTS), The Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar Fann, Senegal
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Lin Y, Zhang G, Zhang J, Gao G, Li M, Chen Y, Wang J, Li G, Song SW, Qiu X, Wang Y, Jiang T. A panel of four cytokines predicts the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas. J Neurooncol 2013; 114:199-208. [PMID: 23748572 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive evaluation of cytokine levels in patients with gliomas could provide important information for the progression and host responses of gliomas. We studied a panel of 120 cytokines and growth factors and investigated their prognostic values for glioma. A protein antibody array was first performed to study the prognostic significance of 120 cytokines in the plasma samples of 45 glioblastoma patients prior to craniotomy or biopsy procedure. An independent set of plasma samples from 260 patients with astrocytomas (80 grade II, 80 grade III, 100 grade IV) with complete clinicopathologic data and follow-ups were used for validation. Ten cytokines were identified by significance analysis of microarray, in which four were associated with poor prognosis (IL-15, MCP-1, GDNF, IL-1R4/ST2), and six were associated with good prognosis (IGFBP-6, MIP-1δ, ICAM-3, IL-7, MIP-3β, and sgp130) of the glioblastoma patients. Moreover, a 4-cytokine panel composed of IL-7, IL1R4/ST2, sgp130 and MCP-1 showed significant correlation with overall survival of the glioblastoma patients (HR 2.068; 95 % CI 1.357-3.153; p = 0.001). In the validation set, the cytokine panel was significantly correlated with overall survival in the 260 glioma patients (HR 3.480, 95 % CI 1.890-6.422) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. It also showed strong correlation with survival in patients with malignant gliomas (grade III: HR 2.790, 95 % CI 1.597-3.984, p = 0.002; grade IV: HR 1.753; 95 % CI 1.502-2.255, p < 0.001). This panel of four cytokines: IL-7, IL1R4/ST2, sgp130, and MCP-1 can serve as a prognostic marker for patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Lépinoux-Chambaud C, Eyer J. Review on intermediate filaments of the nervous system and their pathological alterations. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 140:13-22. [PMID: 23749407 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) of the nervous system, including neurofilaments, α-internexin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, synemin, nestin, peripherin and vimentin, are finely expressed following elaborated cell, tissue and developmental specific patterns. A common characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal accumulation of neuronal IFs in cell bodies or along the axon, often associated with impairment of the axonal transport and degeneration of neurons. In this review, we also present several perturbations of IF metabolism and organization associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Such modifications could represent strong markers of neuronal damages. Moreover, recent data suggest that IFs represent potential biomarkers to determine the disease progression or the differential stages of a neuronal disorder. Finally, recent investigations on IF expression and function in cancer provide evidence that they may be useful as markers, or targets of brain tumours, especially high-grade glioma. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of IF alterations, combined to neuroimaging, is essential to improve diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of such neurodegenerative diseases and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lépinoux-Chambaud
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie and Transgenese, LUNAM, UPRES EA-3143, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bâtiment IBS-IRIS, Université d'Angers, 49033, Angers, France
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Diffuse leptomeningeal neuroepithelial tumor: 9 pediatric cases with chromosome 1p/19q deletion status and IDH1 (R132H) immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37:763-71. [PMID: 23588371 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31827bf4cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal dissemination in children is typical of high-grade, and occasionally low-grade, neoplasms. Rare cases of widely disseminated oligodendroglia-like leptomeningeal tumors, sometimes with associated spinal cord lesions, have been described that respond to treatment and follow an indolent course. Whether these lesions represent an established tumor category or are a unique entity remains to be established. We present 9 pediatric cases of such diffuse leptomeningeal neuroepithelial tumors (DLNT), 8 with assessment of 2 common genetic alterations seen in oligodendrogliomas, 1p and 19q chromosomal deletions and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) R132H mutations. Four patients were male and 5 female, with a mean age at presentation of 4 years (range, 2 to 7 y). All presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure and diffuse contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges by magnetic resonance imaging. Three had a cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord tumor, and another had a small cerebellar lesion. Leptomeningeal biopsies showed a thickened and fibrotic arachnoid infiltrated by monotonous cells with round nuclei and prominent perinuclear clearing. All cases were strongly immunoreactive for S100 protein, and most showed faint granular synaptophysin reactivity. Six of 8 cases showed deletions of chromosome arm 1p by fluorescence in situ hybridization, 2 of which also had loss of 19q. None of the lesions reacted with IDH1-R132H antibodies. Although the clinicopathologic features show overlap of these DLNT lesions with oligodendroglioma and extraventricular neurocytoma, they do not exactly match either one, suggesting that DLNTs are a distinct tumor entity.
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Abstract
Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are rare primary brain tumors. However, they respond more effectively to treatment and have a better prognosis than commoner varieties. About 25 year ago, reports emerged that oligodendrogliomas can respond robustly and durably to chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV). It was also discovered that co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q is more commonly observed in oligodendrogliomas (rather than astrocytomas). Early results of phase III trials confirmed that 1p/19q co-deletion was a favorable prognostic marker. Mature results now conclusively demonstrate that co-deletion also predicts longer survival from the addition of PCV chemotherapy to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed disease. However, changes in the treatment landscape, including a preference for deferred radiotherapy, the emergence of temozolomide as a better tolerated chemotherapy regimen, and the discovery of other biomarkers (e.g. IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation) that occurred in the interim emphasize the need for earlier, validated, and acceptable trial end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Lassman
- Department of Neurology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10538, USA.
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