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Ohara H, Takeuchi F, Kato N, Nabika T. Genotypes of Stim1 and the proximal region on chromosome 1 exert opposite effects on stroke susceptibility in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 2024; 42:118-128. [PMID: 37711097 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is a genetic model for cerebral stroke. Although a recent study on a congenic SHRSP suggested that a nonsense mutation in stromal interaction molecule 1 ( Stim1 ) encoding a major component of store-operated Ca 2+ entry was a causal variant for stroke in SHRSP, this was not conclusive because the congenic region including Stim1 in that rat was too wide. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)-derived congenic fragment adjacent to Stim1 exacerbated stroke susceptibility in a congenic SHRSP called SPwch1.71. In the present study, we directly examined the effects of the Stim1 genotype on stroke susceptibility using SHRSP in which wild-type Stim1 was knocked in (called Stim1 -KI SHRSP). The combined effects of Stim1 and the congenic fragment of SPwch1.71 were also investigated. METHODS Stroke susceptibility was assessed by the stroke symptom-free and survival periods based on observations of behavioral symptoms and reductions in body weight. RESULTS Stim1 -KI SHRSP was more resistant to, while SPwch1.71 was more susceptible to stroke than the original SHRSP. Introgression of the wild-type Stim1 of Stim1 -KI SHRSP into SPwch1.71 by the generation of F1 rats ameliorated stroke susceptibility in SPwch1.71. Gene expression, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical analyses identified Art2b , Folr1 , and Pde2a as possible candidate genes accelerating stroke in SPwch1.71. CONCLUSION The substitution of SHRSP-type Stim1 to wild-type Stim1 ameliorated stroke susceptibility in both SHRSP and SPwch1.71, indicating that the nonsense mutation in Stim1 is causally related to stroke susceptibility in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics
- Medical Genomics Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo
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2
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Qiu Y, Han Z, Liu N, Yu M, Zhang S, Chen H, Tang H, Zhao Z, Wang K, Lin Z, Han F, Ye X. Effects of Aegilops longissima chromosome 1S l on wheat bread-making quality in two types of translocation lines. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 137:2. [PMID: 38072878 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two wheat-Ae. longissima translocation chromosomes (1BS·1SlL and 1SlS·1BL) were transferred into three commercial wheat varieties, and the new advanced lines showed improved bread-making quality compared to their recurrent parents. Aegilops longissima chromosome 1Sl encodes specific types of gluten subunits that may positively affect wheat bread-making quality. The most effective method of introducing 1Sl chromosomal fragments containing the target genes into wheat is chromosome translocation. Here, a wheat-Ae. longissima 1BS·1SlL translocation line was developed using molecular marker-assisted chromosome engineering. Two types of translocation chromosomes developed in a previous study, 1BS·1SlL and 1SlS·1BL, were introduced into three commercial wheat varieties (Ningchun4, Ningchun50, and Westonia) via backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. Advanced translocation lines were confirmed through chromosome in situ hybridization and genotyping by target sequencing using the wheat 40 K system. Bread-making quality was found to be improved in the two types of advanced translocation lines compared to the corresponding recurrent parents. Furthermore, 1SlS·1BL translocation lines displayed better bread-making quality than 1BS·1SlL translocation lines in each genetic background. Further analysis revealed that high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) contents and expression levels of genes encoding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) were increased in 1SlS·1BL translocation lines. Gliadin and gluten-related transcription factors were also upregulated in the grains of the two types of advanced translocation lines compared to the recurrent parents. This study clarifies the impacts of specific glutenin subunits on bread-making quality and provides novel germplasm resources for further improvement of wheat quality through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Qiu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Institute of Cotton Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Zhiyang Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ningtao Liu
- Keshan Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161600, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agri-Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750105, China
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huali Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhishan Lin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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3
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Caliò A, Marletta S, Settanni G, Rizzo M, Gobbo S, Pedron S, Stefanizzi L, Munari E, Brunelli M, Marcolini L, Pesci A, Fratoni S, Pierconti F, Raspollini MR, Marchetti A, Doglioni C, Amin MB, Porta C, Martignoni G. mTOR eosinophilic renal cell carcinoma: a distinctive tumor characterized by mTOR mutation, loss of chromosome 1, cathepsin-K expression, and response to target therapy. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:821-833. [PMID: 37938323 PMCID: PMC10700445 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In the spectrum of oncocytic renal neoplasms, a subset of tumors with high-grade-appearing histologic features harboring pathogenic mutations in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hitherto clinical indolent behavior has been described. Three cases (2F,1 M) with histologically documented metastases (lymph node, skull, and liver) were retrieved and extensively investigated by immunohistochemistry, FISH, and next-generation sequencing. Tumors were composed of eosinophilic cells with prominent nucleoli (G3 by ISUP/WHO) arranged in solid to nested architecture. Additionally, there were larger cells with perinuclear cytoplasmic shrinkage and sparse basophilic Nissl-like granules, superficially resembling the so-called spider cells of cardiac rhabdomyomas. The renal tumors, including the skull and liver metastases, showed immunoexpression PAX8, CK8-18, and cathepsin-K, and negativity for vimentin. NGS identified mTOR genetic alterations in the three cases, including the skull and liver metastases. One patient was then treated with Everolimus (mTOR inhibitors) with clinical response (metastatic tumor shrinkage). We present a distinct renal tumor characterized by high-grade eosinophilic cells, cathepsin-K immunohistochemical expression, and harboring mTOR gene mutations demonstrating a malignant potential and showing responsiveness to mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caliò
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Largo L. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Largo L. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Giulio Settanni
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Mimma Rizzo
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Pedron
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Largo L. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Largo L. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisa Marcolini
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Anna Pesci
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Stefano Fratoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, S. Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pierconti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Foundation "A. Gemelli" University Hospital, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Ospedale Clinicizzato "SS. Annunziata" Università Di Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Camillo Porta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Largo L. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy.
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4
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Cheng L, Wu H, Zheng X, Zhang N, Zhao P, Wang R, Wu Q, Liu T, Yang X, Geng Q. GPGPS: a robust prognostic gene pair signature of glioma ensembling IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:6986965. [PMID: 36637205 PMCID: PMC9843586 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Many studies have shown that IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion can serve as prognostic signatures of glioma. Although these genetic variations affect the expression of one or more genes, the prognostic value of gene expression related to IDH and 1p/19q status is still unclear. RESULTS We constructed an ensemble gene pair signature for the risk evaluation and survival prediction of glioma based on the prior knowledge of the IDH and 1p/19q status. First, we separately built two gene pair signatures IDH-GPS and 1p/19q-GPS and elucidated that they were useful transcriptome markers projecting from corresponding genome variations. Then, the gene pairs in these two models were assembled to develop an integrated model named Glioma Prognostic Gene Pair Signature (GPGPS), which demonstrated high area under the curves (AUCs) to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (0.92, 0.88 and 0.80) of glioma. GPGPS was superior to the single GPSs and other existing prognostic signatures (avg AUC = 0.70, concordance index = 0.74). In conclusion, the ensemble prognostic signature with 10 gene pairs could serve as an independent predictor for risk stratification and survival prediction in glioma. This study shed light on transferring knowledge from genetic alterations to expression changes to facilitate prognostic studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Codes are available at https://github.com/Kimxbzheng/GPGPS.git. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Cheng
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | | | - Xubin Zheng
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Aging, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qiong Wu
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Liu
- International Digital Economy Academy, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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5
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Trasanidis N, Katsarou A, Ponnusamy K, Shen YA, Kostopoulos IV, Bergonia B, Keren K, Reema P, Xiao X, Szydlo RM, Sabbattini PMR, Roberts IAG, Auner HW, Naresh KN, Chaidos A, Wang TL, Magnani L, Caputo VS, Karadimitris A. Systems medicine dissection of chr1q-amp reveals a novel PBX1-FOXM1 axis for targeted therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood 2022; 139:1939-1953. [PMID: 35015835 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological and clinical impact of copy number aberrations (CNAs) on the development of precision therapies in cancer remains an unmet challenge. Genetic amplification of chromosome 1q (chr1q-amp) is a major CNA conferring an adverse prognosis in several types of cancer, including in the blood cancer multiple myeloma (MM). Although several genes across chromosome 1 (chr1q) portend high-risk MM disease, the underpinning molecular etiology remains elusive. Here, with reference to the 3-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure, we integrate multi-omics data sets from patients with MM with genetic variables to obtain an associated clinical risk map across chr1q and to identify 103 adverse prognosis genes in chr1q-amp MM. Prominent among these genes, the transcription factor PBX1 is ectopically expressed by genetic amplification and epigenetic activation of its own preserved 3D regulatory domain. By binding to reprogrammed superenhancers, PBX1 directly regulates critical oncogenic pathways and a FOXM1-dependent transcriptional program. Together, PBX1 and FOXM1 activate a proliferative gene signature that predicts adverse prognosis across multiple types of cancer. Notably, pharmacological disruption of the PBX1-FOXM1 axis with existing agents (thiostrepton) and a novel PBX1 small molecule inhibitor (T417) is selectively toxic against chr1q-amp myeloma and solid tumor cells. Overall, our systems medicine approach successfully identifies CNA-driven oncogenic circuitries, links them to clinical phenotypes, and proposes novel CNA-targeted therapy strategies in MM and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Trasanidis
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Katsarou
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kanagaraju Ponnusamy
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Oncology
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ioannis V Kostopoulos
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bien Bergonia
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keren Keren
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paudel Reema
- Imperial Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and Cancer Research UK Imperial Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Szydlo
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierangela M R Sabbattini
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene A G Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics and Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holger W Auner
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kikkeri N Naresh
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and Cancer Research UK Imperial Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Oncology
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology and Therapy Laboratory, School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Kapur P, Gao M, Zhong H, Rakheja D, Cai Q, Pedrosa I, Margulis V, Xu L, Kinch L, Brugarolas J. Eosinophilic Vacuolated Tumor of the Kidney: A Review of Evolving Concepts in This Novel Subtype With Additional Insights From a Case With MTOR Mutation and Concomitant Chromosome 1 Loss. Adv Anat Pathol 2021; 28:251-257. [PMID: 34009776 PMCID: PMC8205969 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetics have expanded our knowledge of renal tumors and enabled a better classification. These studies have revealed that renal tumors with predominantly "eosinophilic/oncocytic" cytoplasm include several novel biological subtypes beyond the traditionally well-recognized renal oncocytoma and an eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) building upon a case report including radiology, histopathology, electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing. EVTs are characterized by mTORC1 activation. We speculate that loss of chromosome 1 in EVT with MTOR mutation may be driven in part by an advantage conferred by loss of the remaining MTOR wild-type allele. mTORC1 is best known for its role in promoting protein translation and it is interesting that dilated cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) likely account for the cytoplasmic vacuoles seen by light microscopy. We present an integrated view of EVT as well as cues that can assist in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Kapur
- Department / Center of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Ming Gao
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Hematology-Oncology Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department / Center of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- Department / Center of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Qi Cai
- Department / Center of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department / Center of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Lin Xu
- Departments / Centers of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Lisa Kinch
- Departments / Centers of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - James Brugarolas
- Department / Center of Kidney Cancer Program at Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
- Department / Center of Hematology-Oncology Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
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7
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Kim BJ, Zaveri HP, Kundert PN, Jordan VK, Scott TM, Carmichael J, Scott DA. RERE deficiency contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in humans and mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:595-602. [PMID: 33772547 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are the most common telomeric deletions in humans and are associated with an increased risk of orofacial clefting. Deletion/phenotype mapping, combined with data from human and mouse studies, suggests the existence of multiple 1p36 genes associated with orofacial clefting including SKI, PRDM16, PAX7 and GRHL3. The arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide (RE) repeats gene (RERE) is located in the proximal critical region for 1p36 deletion syndrome and encodes a nuclear receptor co-regulator. Pathogenic RERE variants have been shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye or heart (NEDBEH). Cleft lip has previously been described in one individual with NEDBEH. Here we report the first individual with NEDBEH to have a cleft palate. We confirm that RERE is broadly expressed in the palate during mouse embryonic development, and we demonstrate that the majority of RERE-deficient mouse embryos on C57BL/6 background have cleft palate. We go on to show that ablation of Rere in cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, mediated by a Wnt1-Cre, leads to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves and cleft palate and that proliferation of mesenchymal cells in the palatal shelves is significantly reduced in Rereflox/flox; Wnt1-Cre embryos. We conclude that loss of RERE function contributes to the development of orofacial clefts in individuals with proximal 1p36 deletions and NEDBEH and that RERE expression in CNC cells and their derivatives is required for normal palatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hitisha P Zaveri
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter N Kundert
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiana M Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- LNR Genomic Medicine Service, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Pipino C, Shah H, Prudente S, Di Pietro N, Zeng L, Park K, Trischitta V, Pennathur S, Pandolfi A, Doria A. Association of the 1q25 Diabetes-Specific Coronary Heart Disease Locus With Alterations of the γ-Glutamyl Cycle and Increased Methylglyoxal Levels in Endothelial Cells. Diabetes 2020; 69:2206-2216. [PMID: 32651240 PMCID: PMC7506838 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A chromosome 1q25 variant (rs10911021) has been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the risk allele "C" is associated with lower expression of the adjacent gene GLUL encoding glutamine synthase, converting glutamic acid to glutamine. To further investigate the mechanisms through which this locus affects CHD risk, we measured 35 intracellular metabolites involved in glutamic acid metabolism and the γ-glutamyl cycle in 62 HUVEC strains carrying different rs10911021 genotypes. Eight metabolites were positively associated with the risk allele (17-58% increase/allele copy, P = 0.046-0.002), including five γ-glutamyl amino acids, β-citryl-glutamate, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, and ophthalmate-a marker of γ-glutamyl cycle malfunction. Consistent with these findings, the risk allele was also associated with decreased glutathione-to-glutamate ratio (-9%, P = 0.012), decreased S-lactoylglutathione (-41%, P = 0.019), and reduced detoxification of the atherogenic compound methylglyoxal (+54%, P = 0.008). GLUL downregulation by shRNA caused a 40% increase in the methylglyoxal level, which was completely prevented by glutamine supplementation. In summary, we have identified intracellular metabolic traits associated with the 1q25 risk allele in HUVECs, including impairments of the γ-glutamyl cycle and methylglyoxal detoxification. Glutamine supplementation abolishes the latter abnormality, suggesting that such treatment may prevent CHD in 1q25 risk allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pipino
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Subramanian Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Abstract
Evolution often deals in genomic trade-offs: changes in the genome that are beneficial overall persist even though they also produce disease in a subset of individuals. Here, we explore the possibility that such trade-offs have occurred as part of the evolution of the human brain. Specifically, we provide support for the possibility that the same key genes that have been major contributors to the rapid evolutionary expansion of the human brain and its exceptional cognitive capacity also, in different combinations, are significant contributors to autism and schizophrenia. Furthermore, the model proposes that one of the primary genes behind this trade-off may not technically be "a gene" or "genes" but rather are the highly duplicated sequences that encode the Olduvai protein domain family (formerly called DUF1220). This is not an entirely new idea. Others have proposed that the same genes involved in schizophrenia were also critical to the rapid expansion of the human brain, a view that has been expressed as "the same 'genes' that drive us mad have made us human". What is new is that a "gene", or more precisely a protein domain family, has been found that may satisfy these requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sikela
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - V B Searles Quick
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Nielsen J, Fejgin K, Sotty F, Nielsen V, Mørk A, Christoffersen CT, Yavich L, Lauridsen JB, Clausen D, Larsen PH, Egebjerg J, Werge TM, Kallunki P, Christensen KV, Didriksen M. A mouse model of the schizophrenia-associated 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome exhibits altered mesolimbic dopamine transmission. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1261. [PMID: 29187755 PMCID: PMC5802512 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1q21.1 hemizygous microdeletion is a copy number variant leading to eightfold increased risk of schizophrenia. In order to investigate biological alterations induced by this microdeletion, we generated a novel mouse model (Df(h1q21)/+) and characterized it in a broad test battery focusing on schizophrenia-related assays. Df(h1q21)/+ mice displayed increased hyperactivity in response to amphetamine challenge and increased sensitivity to the disruptive effects of amphetamine and phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) on prepulse inhibition. Probing of the direct dopamine (DA) pathway using the DA D1 receptor agonist SKF-81297 revealed no differences in induced locomotor activity compared to wild-type mice, but Df(h1q21)/+ mice showed increased sensitivity to the DA D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and the D1/D2 agonist apomorphine. Electrophysiological characterization of DA neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area revealed more spontaneously active DA neurons and increased firing variability in Df(h1q21)/+ mice, and decreased feedback reduction of DA neuron firing in response to amphetamine. In a range of other assays, Df(h1q21)/+ mice showed no difference from wild-type mice: gross brain morphology and basic functions such as reflexes, ASR, thermal pain sensitivity, and motor performance were unaltered. Similarly, anxiety related measures, baseline prepulse inhibition, and seizure threshold were unaltered. In addition to the central nervous system-related phenotypes, Df(h1q21)/+ mice exhibited reduced head-to tail length, which is reminiscent of the short stature reported in humans with 1q21.1 deletion. With aspects of both construct and face validity, the Df(h1q21)/+ model may be used to gain insight into schizophrenia-relevant alterations in dopaminergic transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/physiopathology
- Amphetamine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apomorphine/pharmacology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine Agonists/administration & dosage
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Megalencephaly/metabolism
- Megalencephaly/pathology
- Megalencephaly/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Phencyclidine/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Prepulse Inhibition/drug effects
- Quinpirole/pharmacology
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/pathology
- Schizophrenia/physiopathology
- Ventral Tegmental Area/drug effects
- Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark.
| | - Kim Fejgin
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Florence Sotty
- Division of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Nielsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Arne Mørk
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Leonid Yavich
- Invilog Research Ltd and School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jes B Lauridsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Dorte Clausen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Peter H Larsen
- Division of Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Jan Egebjerg
- Division of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen & The Lundbeck Foundation's IPSYCH Initiative, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pekka Kallunki
- Division of Neurodegeneration, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
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11
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Buck KJ, Chen G, Kozell LB. Limbic circuitry activation in ethanol withdrawal is regulated by a chromosome 1 locus. Alcohol 2017; 58:153-160. [PMID: 27989609 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physiological dependence and associated withdrawal episodes are thought to constitute a motivational force sustaining alcohol use/abuse and contributing to relapse in alcoholics. Although no animal model exactly duplicates alcoholism, models for specific factors, including the withdrawal syndrome, are useful for identifying potential genetic and neural determinants of liability in humans. We previously identified highly significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with large effects on predisposition to withdrawal after chronic and acute alcohol exposure in mice and mapped these loci to the same region of chromosome 1 (Alcdp1 and Alcw1, respectively). The present studies utilize a novel Alcdp1/Alcw1 congenic model (in which an interval spanning Alcdp1 and Alcw1 from the C57BL/6J donor strain [build GRCm38 150.3-174.6 Mb] has been introgressed onto a uniform inbred DBA/2J genetic background) known to demonstrate significantly less severe chronic and acute withdrawal compared to appropriate background strain animals. Here, using c-Fos induction as a high-resolution marker of neuronal activation, we report that male Alcdp1/Alcw1 congenic animals demonstrate significantly less alcohol withdrawal-associated neural activation compared to appropriate background strain animals in the prelimbic and cingulate cortices of the prefrontal cortex as well as discrete regions of the extended amygdala (i.e., basolateral) and extended basal ganglia (i.e., dorsolateral striatum, and caudal substantia nigra pars reticulata). These studies are the first to begin to elucidate circuitry by which this confirmed addiction-relevant QTL could influence behavior. This circuitry overlaps limbic circuitry involved in stress, providing additional mechanistic information. Alcdp1/Alcw1 maps to a region syntenic with human chromosome 1q, where multiple studies find significant associations with risk for alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Laura B Kozell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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12
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Polivka J, Polivka J, Repik T, Rohan V, Hes O, Topolcan O. Co-deletion of 1p/19q as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker for Patients in West Bohemia with Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:471-476. [PMID: 26722084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) are rare tumors. Two phase III clinical trials (RTOG 9402 and EORTC 26951) proved favorable effects of radiotherapy (RT) with chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine; PCV) in patients with AO carrying chromosomal mutation of co-deletion1p/19q even if it was not the primary endpoint of these studies. We assessed 1p/19q co-deletion as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for our patients with AO. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1p/19q co-deletion was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in tumor samples from 23 patients and correlated with progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival for the entire cohort and for the subgroups of patients with different treatment (neurosurgery plus RT alone vs. RT plus PCV). RESULTS 1p/19q co-deletion was identified in 12 out of 23 tumors (52.2%). Patients with co-deletion had longer OS (587 vs. 132 weeks, p=0.012) and a trend for longer PFS (321 vs. 43 weeks, p=0.075). Patients with co-deletion treated with neurosurgery and RT plus PCV vs. neurosurgery and RT alone also had longer OS (706 vs. 423 weeks, p=0.008). There was no survival difference for patients without 1p/19q co-deletion in relation to treatment. CONCLUSION The prognostic value of 1p/19q co-deletion in our patients with AO was verified. The strong positive predictive value of this biomarker for OS was also shown for patients with co-deletion treated with neurosurgery and RT plus PCV vs. neurosurgery and RT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Department of Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Repik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Rohan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Central Imunoanalytical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague and Faculty Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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13
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Duval C, de Tayrac M, Sanschagrin F, Michaud K, Gould PV, Saikali S. ImmunoFISH is a reliable technique for the assessment of 1p and 19q status in oligodendrogliomas. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100342. [PMID: 24949947 PMCID: PMC4065070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a new ImmunoFISH technique for the study of oligodendrogliomas by combining a standard immunohistochemical stain using MIB-1 antibody with a standard FISH technique using commercial 1p36 and 19q13 chromosomal probes. Methods Validation was performed by two observers on a series of 36 pre-selected oligodendrogliomas and compared to the results previously determined by FISH alone. Results The ImFISH technique is easy to perform and to analyze and is no more time-consuming than the usual FISH technique. Our results show that the inter-observer reliability of ImFISH is high (κ = 0.86 and 0.95 respectively for 1p and 19q). Compared to FISH, the ImFISH exhibits a very high sensitivity (∼100%) and specificity (∼90%) for 1p and/or 19q deleted cases. The sensitivity is high for normal cases (∼85%) and imbalanced cases (∼90%) with a specificity ranging between 50 and 85%. Finally, there were no significant differences between FISH and ImFISH results calculated on 60, 40 or 20 cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the reliability of the ImFISH technique in oligodendrogliomas and emphasizes its advantage in poorly cellular tumoral specimen.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Oligodendroglioma/genetics
- Oligodendroglioma/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duval
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Department of genomic and molecular genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Sanschagrin
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Michaud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter Vincent Gould
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphan Saikali
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yurov YB, Iourov IY, Vorsanova SG, Demidova IA, Kravetz VS, Beresheva AK, Kolotii AD, Monakchov VV, Uranova NA, Vostrikov VM, Soloviev IV, Liehr T. The schizophrenia brain exhibits low-level aneuploidy involving chromosome 1. Schizophr Res 2008; 98:139-47. [PMID: 17889509 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic instability manifested as loss or gain of whole chromosomes (aneuploidy) is a newly described feature of the human brain. Aneuploidy in the brain was hypothesized to be involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis. To gain further insights into the relationship between aneuploidy in the brain and schizophrenia pathogenesis, a molecular-cytogenetic study of chromosome 1 aneuploidy was performed. METHODS Interphase multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with quantitative FISH (QFISH) and interphase chromosome-specific multicolor banding (ICS-MCB) were used to define aneuploidy rate in 12 unaffected and 12 schizophrenia brains. RESULTS In the unaffected brain (n=12; 22,794 cells analyzed), average frequencies of stochastic chromosome 1 loss and gain were 0.3% (95%CI 0.2-0.4%) and 0.3% (95%CI 0.2-0.4%), respectively. The threshold level for stochastic chromosome gain and loss (the mean+3SD) in the normal brain was 0.7%. Average rate of aneuploidy in the schizophrenia brain (n=12; 28,482 cells analyzed) was 0.9% (95%CI 0.3-1.5%) for chromosome 1 loss and 0.9% (95%CI 0.2-1.7%) for chromosome 1 gain. Significantly increased level of mosaic aneuploidy involving chromosome 1 was revealed in two schizophrenia brains (3.6% and 4.7% of cells with chromosome 1 loss and gain, respectively). Stochastic aneuploidy rate for chromosome 1 in the schizophrenia brain without two outliers (n=10) reached 0.6% (95%CI 0.3-0.9%) for loss and 0.5% (0.2-0.9%) for gain and was higher than in controls (P=0.005 and P=0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis suggesting that subtle genomic imbalances manifesting as low-level mosaic aneuploidy may contribute to schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri B Yurov
- National Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 119152, Russian Federation.
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15
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Davidsson J, Andersson A, Paulsson K, Heidenblad M, Isaksson M, Borg A, Heldrup J, Behrendtz M, Panagopoulos I, Fioretos T, Johansson B. Tiling resolution array comparative genomic hybridization, expression and methylation analyses of dup(1q) in Burkitt lymphomas and pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemias reveal clustered near-centromeric breakpoints and overexpression of genes in 1q22-32.3. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2215-25. [PMID: 17613536 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gain of 1q occurs in 25% of Burkitt lymphomas (BLs) and 10% of pediatric high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), little is known about the origin, molecular genetic characteristics and functional outcome of dup(1q) in these disorders. Ten dup(1q)-positive BLs/ALLs were investigated by tiling resolution (32k) array CGH analysis, which revealed that the proximal breakpoints in all cases were near-centromeric, in eight of them clustering within a 1.4 Mb segment in 1q12-21.1. The 1q distal breakpoints were heterogeneous, being more distal in the ALLs than in the BLs. The minimally gained segments in the ALLs and BLs were 57.4 Mb [dup(1)(q22q32.3)] and 35 Mb [dup(1)(q12q25.2)], respectively. Satellite II DNA on 1q was not hypomethylated, as ascertained by Southern blot analyses of 15 BLs/ALLs with and without gain of 1q, indicating that aberrant methylation was not involved in the origin of dup(1q), as previously suggested for other neoplasms with 1q rearrangements. Global gene expression analyses revealed that five genes in the minimally 57.4 Mb gained region--B4GALT3, DAP3, RGS16, TMEM183A and UCK2--were significantly overexpressed in dup(1q)-positive ALLs compared with high hyperdiploid ALLs without dup(1q). The DAP3 and UCK2 genes were among the most overexpressed genes in the BL case with gain of 1q investigated. The DAP3 protein has been reported to be highly expressed in invasive glioblastoma multiforme cells, whereas expression of the UCK2 protein has been correlated with sensitivity to anticancer drugs. However, involvement of these genes in dup(1q)-positive ALLs and BLs has previously not been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Davidsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
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16
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Mudrak OS, Tomilin NV, Zelenskiĭ AO. [Decompactization of chromosome 1 in the artificially decondensed human sperm nuclei: overall topology and non-random location of chromosome bends]. Tsitologiia 2007; 49:149-55. [PMID: 17432600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have used FISH with microdissected chromosome arm-specific DNA probes that allow direct visualization of chromosome 1 folding in human sperm nuclei. We described the overall topology and the mode of packaging of sperm chromosome 1 and thus established new elements of ordered genome architecture in these specialized cells.
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17
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells that expand in the bone marrow. Although high-dose therapy/autologous stem cell transplantation has become the standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma, survival is highly variable and can range from a few years to >10 years after diagnosis. Application of high-throughput genomics on a large uniformly untreated cohort of patients has revealed that activation of 1 of the 3 cyclin D genes is a universal initiating event in this disease and that acquisition of abnormalities of chromosome 1 leads to activation of CKS1B, a regulator of p27Kip1 degradation. Synergy between cyclin D2 and CKS1B, but not cyclin D1 and CKS1B, may lead to early treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Shaughnessy
- Donna D. and Donald M. Lambert Laboratory of Myeloma Genetics, Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, 72205, USA
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18
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Sun F, Oliver-Bonet M, Liehr T, Starke H, Trpkov K, Ko E, Rademaker A, Martin RH. Discontinuities and unsynapsed regions in meiotic chromosomes have a cis effect on meiotic recombination patterns in normal human males. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3013-8. [PMID: 16155114 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosome pairing is essential for subsequent meiotic recombination (crossover). Discontinuous chromosome regions (gaps) or unsynapsed chromosome regions (splits) in the synaptonemal complex (SC) indicate anomalies in chromosome synapsis. Recently developed immunofluorescence techniques (using antibodies against SC proteins and the crossover-associated MLH1 protein) were combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (using centromere-specific DNA probes) to identify bivalents with gaps/splits and to examine the effect of gaps/splits on meiotic recombination patterns during the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase from three normal human males. Gaps were observed only in the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 9 and 1, with 9q gaps accounting for 90% of these events. Most splits were also found in chromosomes 9 and 1, with 58% of splits occurring on 9q. Gaps and splits significantly altered the distribution of MLH1 foci on the SC. On gapped SC 9q, the frequency of MLH1 foci was decreased compared with controls, and single 9q crossovers tended toward a more distal distribution. Furthermore, the larger the gap the more distal the location of the MLH1 focus closest to the q arm's telomere. MLH1 foci on split SC 9 had distributions similar to those of gapped SC 9; however, splits did not change the frequencies of MLH1 foci on SC 9. This is the first demonstration that gaps and splits have an effect on meiotic recombination in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Petrova NV, Iarovaia OV, Verbovoy VA, Razin SV. Specific radial positions of centromeres of human chromosomes X, 1, and 19 remain unchanged in chromatin-depleted nuclei of primary human fibroblasts: Evidence for the organizing role of the nuclear matrix. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96:850-7. [PMID: 16149066 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radial positions of centromeres of human chromosomes X, 1, and 19 were determined in the nuclei of primary fibroblasts before and after removal of 60%-80% of chromatin. It has been demonstrated that the specific radial positions of these centromeres (more central for the chromosome 19 centromere and more peripheral for the centromeres of chromosomes 1 and X) remain unchanged in chromatin-depleted nuclei. Additional digestion of nuclear RNA did not influence this specific distribution. These results strongly suggest that the characteristic organization of interphase chromosomes is supported by the proteinous nuclear matrix and is not maintained by simple repulsing of negatively charged chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Petrova
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Vavilov Street 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Abstract
Recent analyses have revealed that RUNX family members play important roles in both normal developmental processes and carcinogenesis. Of the three known RUNX family members, RUNX3 has been shown to be involved in neurogenesis of the dorsal root ganglia, T-cell differentiation and tumorigenesis of gastric epithelium. Deletion of the Runx3 locus in mice resulted in hyperplasia of the gastric epithelium due to the stimulation of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis that was accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to TGF-beta1. In primary human gastric cancer specimens, RUNX3 is frequently inactivated by allele loss or gene silencing due to promoter hypermethylation. The tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer cell lines in nude mice decreased as the level of RUNX3 expression increased, which indicates that RUNX3 is a bona fide tumor suppressor of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea.
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21
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Khavinson VK, Lezhava TA, Monaselidze JG, Dzhokhadze TA, Dvalishvili NA, Bablishvili NK, Ryadnova IY. Effects of Livagen peptide on chromatin activation in lymphocytes from old people. Bull Exp Biol Med 2002; 134:389-92. [PMID: 12533768 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021924702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2002] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of the synthetic peptide Livagen on activity of ribosomal genes, denaturation parameters of heterochromatin, polymorphism of structural C-heterochromatin, and variability of facultative heterochromatin in lymphocytes from old people. Livagen induced activation of ribosomal genes, decondensation of pericentromeric structural heterochromatin, and release of genes repressed due to age-related condensation of euchromatic regions in chromosomes. Our results indicate that Livagen causes de-heterochromatinization (activation) of chromatin, which is realized via modification of heterochromatin and heterochromatinized regions in chromosomes from old people.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatin/drug effects
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/drug effects
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/metabolism
- Heterochromatin/drug effects
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Nucleolus Organizer Region/drug effects
- Nucleolus Organizer Region/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Silver/metabolism
- Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects
- Staining and Labeling
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kh Khavinson
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Northwestern Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tbilisi, Russia
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22
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Sewalt RGAB, Lachner M, Vargas M, Hamer KM, den Blaauwen JL, Hendrix T, Melcher M, Schweizer D, Jenuwein T, Otte AP. Selective interactions between vertebrate polycomb homologs and the SUV39H1 histone lysine methyltransferase suggest that histone H3-K9 methylation contributes to chromosomal targeting of Polycomb group proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5539-53. [PMID: 12101246 PMCID: PMC133945 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.15.5539-5553.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multimeric chromatin-associated protein complexes that are involved in heritable repression of gene activity. Two distinct human PcG complexes have been characterized. The EED/EZH2 PcG complex utilizes histone deacetylation to repress gene activity. The HPC/HPH PcG complex contains the HPH, RING1, BMI1, and HPC proteins. Here we show that vertebrate Polycomb homologs HPC2 and XPc2, but not M33/MPc1, interact with the histone lysine methyltransferase (HMTase) SUV39H1 both in vitro and in vivo. We further find that overexpression of SUV39H1 induces selective nuclear relocalization of HPC/HPH PcG proteins but not of the EED/EZH2 PcG proteins. This SUV39H1-dependent relocalization concentrates the HPC/HPH PcG proteins to the large pericentromeric heterochromatin domains (1q12) on human chromosome 1. Within these PcG domains we observe increased H3-K9 methylation. Finally, we show that H3-K9 HMTase activity is associated with endogenous HPC2. Our findings suggest a role for the SUV39H1 HMTase and histone H3-K9 methylation in the targeting of human HPC/HPH PcG proteins to modified chromatin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G A B Sewalt
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Pendina AA, Kuznetsova TV, Loginova IA, Baranov VS. [The methylation peculiarities of pericentromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1,9 and 16 in human embryo]. Tsitologiia 2002; 43:772-6. [PMID: 11601393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
By means of in situ nick-translation technique, methylation patterns of pericentric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 in extraembryonic (chorion) and embryonic cells of 5-8 week old human fetuses with normal karyotype (5), and in one specimen with trisomy for chromosome 16 were studied. Fixed metaphase chromosomes from direct chromosome preparations were digested with either endonuclease Msp I or its isoshizomer Hpa II recognizing and restricting the same sDNA sequence C decreases CGC with Hpa II, but not Msp I sensitive to methylation state of internal cytosin. According to our results, heterochromatin of extraembryonic, but not embryonic cells is hypomethylated. An obvious difference was registered in signal strength between homologous regions in iq12 of both parental chromosomes 1 in early (5-6 week old), but not in more advanced fetuses. Methylation pattern difference was detected in pericentric chromatin of triple copies of chromosome 16 in extraembryonic tissues of the 47,XY, + 16 fetus. These results are in line with a hypothesis of intraheterochromatin location of "early" genes governing initial stages of embryonic development in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Centromere/genetics
- Centromere/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Heterochromatin/genetics
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Humans
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pendina
- Ott Institute of Obstetrices and Gynaecology RAMS, St. Petersburg
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24
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Ehrlich M, Tsien F, Herrera D, Blackman V, Roggenbuck J, Tuck-Muller CM. High frequencies of ICF syndrome-like pericentromeric heterochromatin decondensation and breakage in chromosome 1 in a chorionic villus sample. J Med Genet 2001; 38:882-4. [PMID: 11768395 PMCID: PMC1734791 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.12.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Centromere/genetics
- Centromere/metabolism
- Chorionic Villi/metabolism
- Chromosome Breakage/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/metabolism
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Frequency/genetics
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Testing
- Heterochromatin/genetics
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/metabolism
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Syndrome
- Trisomy/genetics
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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25
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Tilgen N, Guttenbach M, Schmid M. Heterochromatin is not an adequate explanation for close proximity of interphase chromosomes 1--Y, 9--Y, and 16--Y in human spermatozoa. Exp Cell Res 2001; 265:283-7. [PMID: 11302693 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of human spermatozoa and lymphocytes using C-banding techniques and in situ hybridization has shown a higher order packaging of the human genome. Chromosomes are not distributed entirely at random within the nucleus. In particular, chromosomes 1, 9, and 16, carrying large blocks of pericentromeric heterochromatin, and the Y chromosome, carrying heterochromatin in Yq12, are in close proximity to each other within the nucleus and are involved in somatic pairing with nonhomologous chromosomes. In order to determine whether the close proximity of these chromosomes in any way is attributable to the distribution of heterochromatin, double in situ hybridization was performed on chromosomes 1--Y, 9--Y, and 16--Y as well as on 1--X, 9--X, and 16--X-with chromosome X as the other gonosome carrying less heterochromatin-in human spermatozoa. Each pair was found to have a nonrandom spatial distribution. However, comparison of the arrangement of chromosomes 1--Y versus 1--X and 9--Y versus 9--X revealed that heterochromatin cannot be the only cause for the tendency of chromosome fusion, because only the results of the chromosome pair 1--Y/1--X could support this proposition. In conclusion, the heterochromatin effect cannot be, in itself, an adequate explanation for chromosome association, implicating as well other mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Interphase
- Male
- Spermatozoa/cytology
- Spermatozoa/physiology
- Y Chromosome/genetics
- Y Chromosome/metabolism
- Y Chromosome/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tilgen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs) provide a new tool for the improvement of our knowledge of chromosome structure and function. Moreover, they constitute an alternative and potentially powerful tool for gene delivery both in cultured cells and for the production of transgenic animals. In the present work we describe the molecular structure of MC1, a human minichromosome derived from chromosome 1. By means of restriction and hybridization analysis, satellite-PCR, in situ hybridization on highly extended chromatin fibres, and indirect immunofluorescence, we have established that: (i) MC1 has a size of 5.5 Mb; (ii) it consists of 1.1 Mb alphoid, 3.5 Mb Sat2 DNA, and telomeric and subtelomeric sequences at both ends; (iii) it contains an unusual region of interspersed Sat2 and alphoid DNAs at the junction of the alphoid and the Sat2 blocks; and (iv) the two alphoid blocks and the Sat2-alphoid region bind centromeric proteins suggesting that they participate in the formation of a functional kinetochore.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CHO Cells
- Centromere/genetics
- Centromere/metabolism
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Satellite/genetics
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Hybrid Cells
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Restriction Mapping
- Telomere/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C Auriche
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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27
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Barille S, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Bataille R, Amiot M. Ectopic secretion of osteocalcin, the major non-collagenous bone protein, by the myeloma cell line NCI-H929. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11:466-71. [PMID: 8992877 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we provide the first evidence that human non-osteoblastic cells secrete the bone-specific protein osteocalcin. We show that the myeloma cell line NCI-H929 constitutively produces low amounts of osteocalcin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this production is strongly enhanced after 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation. An amplification or a deregulation of the osteocalcin gene could be responsible for the observed phenomenon because NCI-H929 has the unusual characteristic of having at least three chromosomes 1, where the osteocalcin gene was mapped (1q25-q31). It is of interest to note that the patient in whom the NCI-H929 cell line originated never developed osteolytic lesions despite extensive disease apparent at autopsy. Although lytic bone lesions with low osteocalcin serum levels are a common feature of multiple myeloma (MM), a small subset of patients does not develop lytic bone lesions or even demonstrate osteosclerotic MM. This occurrence is associated with high osteocalcin serum levels of unknown origin. In this context, osteocalcin production by immortalized tumor lacking any osteolytic potential could be relevant to the pathophysiology of this particular type of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barille
- Laboratoire d'Oncogénèse Immunohématologique, INSERM U211, Nantes, France
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28
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Peskind ER. Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57 Suppl 14:5-8. [PMID: 9024330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the specific process that destroys neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains obscure, biochemical studies of AD neurohistologic lesions and molecular attempts to map and clone genes in familial AD have contributed greatly to our knowledge of AD. The major component of the extraneuronal neuritic plaque is beta-amyloid (A beta), which may be neurotoxic. The major component of the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangle is hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is unclear why this process damages the neuronal cytoskeleton Familial AD is genetically heterogeneous. Chromosomes 21, 14, and 1 are causative genes in early-onset familial AD. The apolipoprotein E4 allele of chromosome 19 is a risk factor for both early- and late-onset AD. Unraveling the actions of these three causative genes and the apolipoprotein E4 allele may explain disease mechanisms common to all patients with AD.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism
- Apolipoprotein E4
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/metabolism
- Family
- Humans
- Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry
- Neurofibrillary Tangles/metabolism
- tau Proteins/genetics
- tau Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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29
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Martínez P, Bouza C, Viñas A, Sánchez L. Differential digestion of the centromeric heterochromatic regions of the 5-azacytidine-decondensed human chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 16 by NdeII and Sau3AI restriction endonucleases. Genetica 1995; 96:235-8. [PMID: 8522163 DOI: 10.1007/bf01439577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A study on the factors involved in chromosome digestion by restriction endonuclease was carried out on 5-azacytidine treated and untreated human chromosomes 1, 9, 15 and 16 by using NdeII and Sau3AI isoschizomers. After treatment with 5-azacytidine, chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 16 showed two differentiated areas at the centromeric regions: the centromere, fully condensed, and the pericentromeric heterochromatin, decondensed. Chromosomes not treated with 5-azacytidine after digestion with Sau3AI and NdeII showed all the centromeric regions undigested, except pair number 1, digested at the pericentromeric area. Digestion of the 5-azacytidine decondensed chromosomes with Sau3AI and NdeII showed the centromeres undigested in the four chromosome pairs while the pericentromeric heterochromatin appeared largely digested. Other factors, different to target distribution, are necessary to explain the pattern of restriction endonuclease digestion observed in this communication.
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MESH Headings
- Azacitidine/chemistry
- Centromere/chemistry
- Centromere/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/metabolism
- Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism
- Heterochromatin/chemistry
- Heterochromatin/metabolism
- Humans
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martínez
- Dpto. De Biología Fundamental, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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30
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Thompson CT, LeBoit PE, Nederlof PM, Gray JW. Thick-section fluorescence in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue provides a histogenetic profile. Am J Pathol 1994; 144:237-43. [PMID: 8311111 PMCID: PMC1887135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization has become a major tool for analysis of gene and chromosome copy number in normal and malignant tissue. The technique has been applied widely to fresh tissue and dispersed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue, but its use on sections of archival tissue has largely been limited to sections < 6 mu thick. This does not provide intact, uncut nuclei for accurate analysis of gene or chromosome copy number. We report here a method of hybridization to sections > 20 microns thick that overcomes these difficulties. Key developments were the use of DNA probes directly labeled with fluorochromes and optical sectioning using laser-scanning confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Thompson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0808
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31
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Caporossi D, Vernole P, Porfirio B, Tedeschi B, Frezza D, Nicoletti B, Calef E. Specific sites for EBV association in the Namalwa Burkitt lymphoma cell line and in a lymphoblastoid line transformed in vitro with EBV. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1988; 48:220-3. [PMID: 2854770 DOI: 10.1159/000132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Localization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was studied by in situ hybridization on chromosomes from the Namalwa Burkitt lymphoma cell line and from a lymphoblastoid cell line transformed in vitro (ATL9/g). The five chromosome bands 1p32, 1q31, 5q21, 13q21, and 16p13 showed the presence of EBV DNA in both of the lines. Grain deposition at the site on chromosome 1q of the Burkitt line was particularly intense. It was also found that EBV DNA in the lymphoblastoid cell line co-localized with a stable achromatic gap at 1p32 whose presence seems to confer a proliferative advantage on the cells.
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MESH Headings
- Autoradiography
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/ultrastructure
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Statistics as Topic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caporossi
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, 2nd University of Rome, Italy
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