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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Wei X, Yao Y, Xia L. Noninvasive prediction of CCL2 expression level in high-grade glioma patients. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70016. [PMID: 39030882 PMCID: PMC11257997 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are recognized as the most frequent type of malignancies in the central nervous system, and efficacious prognostic indicators are essential to treat patients with gliomas and improve their clinical outcomes. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a promising predictor for glioma malignancy and progression. However, at present, the methods to evaluate CCL2 expression level are invasive and operator-dependent. OBJECTIVE It was expected to noninvasively predict CCL2 expression levels in malignant glioma tissues by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics and assess the association between the developed radiomics model and prognostic indicators and related genes. METHODS MRI-based radiomics was used to predict CCL2 expression level using data obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A support vector machine (SVM)-based radiomics model and a logistic regression (LR)-based radiomics model were used to predict the radiomics score, and its correlation with CCL2 expression level was analyzed. RESULTS The results revealed that there was an association between CCL2 expression level and the overall survival of cases with gliomas, and bioinformatics correlation analysis showed that CCL2 expression level was highly correlated with disease-related pathways, such as mTOR signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Both SVM- and LR-based radiomics data robustly predicted CCL2 expression level, and radiomics scores could also be used to predict the overall survival of patients. Moreover, the high/low radiomics scores were highly correlated with the known glioma-related genes, including CD70, CD27, and PDCD1. CONCLUSION An MRI-based radiomics model was successfully developed, and its clinical benefits were confirmed, including the prediction of CCL2 expression level and patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - XiaoMing Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou First People's HospitalJingzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Shaw R, Basu M, Karmakar S, Ghosh MK. MGMT in TMZ-based glioma therapy: Multifaceted insights and clinical trial perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119673. [PMID: 38242327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most preferred and approved chemotherapeutic drug for either first- or second-line chemotherapy for glioma patients across the globe. In glioma patients, resistance to treatment with alkylating drugs like TMZ is known to be conferred by exalted levels of MGMT gene expression. On the contrary, epigenetic silencing through MGMT gene promoter methylation leading to subsequent reduction in MGMT transcription and protein expression, is predicted to have a response favoring TMZ treatment. Thus, MGMT protein level in cancer cells is a crucial determining factor in indicating and predicting the choice of alkylating agents in chemotherapy or choosing glioma patients directly for a second line of treatment. Thus, in-depth research is necessary to achieve insights into MGMT gene regulation that has recently enticed a fascinating interest in epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation, stability of MGMT protein, and related subsequent adaptive responses are also important contributors to strategic developments in glioma therapy. With applications to its identification as a prognostic biomarker, thus predicting response to advanced glioma therapy, this review aims to concentrate on the mechanistic role and regulation of MGMT gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels functioning under the control of multiple signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Shaw
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas 743372, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Li S, Wang C, Chen J, Lan Y, Zhang W, Kang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Yu J, Li W. Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36596785 PMCID: PMC9810702 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages. Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological understanding and unexampled innovations in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have considerably improved patients' prognoses. Nonetheless, the reduced response rates and unavoidable drug resistance of currently available treatment approaches have become a barrier to further improvement in brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, CNS germ cell tumors, and CNS lymphoma) treatment. Previous literature data revealed that several different signaling pathways are dysregulated in brain tumor. Importantly, a better understanding of targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of brain tumor cells might open the way for the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these brain tumors, which might result in greater progress in therapeutic approaches. This paper began with a brief description of the epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, as well as survival of brain tumors. Next, the major signaling pathways underlying these brain tumors' pathogenesis and current progress in therapies, including clinical trials, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and system therapies, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Finally, future perspective and challenges of development of novel therapeutic strategies in brain tumor were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Lan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichunbai Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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De Palma FDE, Carbonnier V, Salvatore F, Kroemer G, Pol JG, Maiuri MC. Systematic Investigation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of LINC01087 in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235980. [PMID: 36497462 PMCID: PMC9738797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Long non-coding RNAs may constitute epigenetic biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response of a variety of tumors. In this context, we aimed at assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of the recently described long intergenic non-coding RNA 01087 (LINC01087) in human cancers. (2) Methods: We studied the expression of LINC01087 across 30 oncological indications by interrogating public resources. Data extracted from the TCGA and GTEx databases were exploited to plot receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and determine the diagnostic performance of LINC01087. Survival data from TCGA and KM-Plotter directories allowed us to graph Kaplan-Meier curves and evaluate the prognostic value of LINC01087. To investigate the function of LINC01087, gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, interactions between LINC01087 and both miRNA and mRNA were studied by means of bioinformatics tools. (3) Results: LINC01087 was significantly deregulated in 7 out of 30 cancers, showing a predominant upregulation. Notably, it was overexpressed in breast (BC), esophageal (ESCA), and ovarian (OV) cancers, as well as lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). By contrast, LINC01087 displayed downregulation in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). ROC curve analyses identified LINC01087 as a potential diagnostic indicator in BC, ESCA, OV, STAD, and TGCT. Moreover, high and low expression of LINC01087 predicted a favorable prognosis in BC and papillary cell carcinoma, respectively. In silico analyses indicated that deregulation of LINC01087 in cancer was associated with a modulation of genes related to ion channel, transporter, and peptide receptor activity. (4) Conclusions: the quantification of an altered abundance of LINC01087 in tissue specimens might be clinically useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of some hormone-related tumors, including BC, OV, and TGCT, as well as other cancer types such as ESCA and STAD. Moreover, our study revealed the potential of LINC01087 (and perhaps other lncRNAs) to regulate neuroactive molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e Loro Modelli Animali (Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Tor Vergata, Rome and “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
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Caccese M, Simonelli M, Villani V, Rizzato S, Ius T, Pasqualetti F, Russo M, Rudà R, Amoroso R, Bellu L, Bertorelle R, Cavallin F, Dipasquale A, Carosi M, Pizzolitto S, Cesselli D, Persico P, Casini B, Fassan M, Zagonel V, Lombardi G. Definition of the Prognostic Role of MGMT Promoter Methylation Value by Pyrosequencing in Newly Diagnosed IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Radiochemotherapy: A Large Multicenter Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102425. [PMID: 35626029 PMCID: PMC9139569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG)-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status is a predictive factor for alkylating treatment efficacy in glioblastoma patients, but its prognostic role is still unclear. We performed a large, multicenter study to evaluate the association between MGMT methylation value and survival. Methods. We evaluated glioblastoma patients with an assessment of MGMT methylation status by pyrosequencing from nine Italian centers. The inclusion criteria were histological diagnosis of IDH wild-type glioblastoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) ≤2, and radio-chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. The relationship between OS and MGMT was investigated with a time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and Cox regression models. Results. In total, 591 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients were analyzed. The median OS was 16.2 months. The ROC analysis suggested a cut-off of 15% for MGMT methylation. The 2-year Overall Survival (OS) was 18.3% and 51.8% for MGMT methylation <15% and ≥15% (p < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, MGMT methylation <15% was associated with impaired survival (p < 0.00001). However, we also found a non-linear association between MGMT methylation and OS (p = 0.002): median OS was 14.8 months for MGMT in 0−4%, 18.9 months for MGMT in 4−40%, and 29.9 months for MGMT in 40−100%. Conclusions. Our findings suggested a non-linear relationship between OS and MGMT promoter methylation, which implies a varying magnitude of prognostic effect across values of MGMT promoter methylation by pyrosequencing in newly diagnosed IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caccese
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.Z.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)4-9821-5888
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.); (P.P.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Rizzato
- Department of Oncology, Central Friuli University Health Authority, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56121 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4BH, UK
| | - Marco Russo
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42121 Emilia, Italy;
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Turin and City of Health and Science Hospital, 10094 Torino, Italy;
- Neurology Unit, Hospital of Castelfranco Veneto, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy
| | - Rosina Amoroso
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Livorno, Azienda Asl Toscana Nord Ovest, 57100 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Luisa Bellu
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Roberta Bertorelle
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Angelo Dipasquale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.); (P.P.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Pathology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Stefano Pizzolitto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Central Friuli University Health Authority, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Pasquale Persico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.); (P.P.)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Pathology Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & AMP, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.Z.); (G.L.)
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Barinfeld O, Zahavi A, Weiss S, Toledano H, Michowiz S, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Genetic Alteration Analysis of IDH1, IDH2, CDKN2A, MYB and MYBL1 in Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas. Front Surg 2022; 9:880048. [PMID: 35574540 PMCID: PMC9096721 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.880048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate pediatric low-grade gliomas for alterations in IDH1, IDH2, CDKN2A, MYB, and MYBL1. Materials and Methods DNA and RNA were extracted from 62 pediatric gliomas. Molecular methods included PCR, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing; Sanger sequencing was used for validation. Results Analysis for hotspot genetic alterations in IDH1 R132 and IDH2 R172 (45 and 33 samples) was negative in all cases. CDKN2A deletions were detected in exons 1 and 2 in 1 (pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) sample of 9 samples analyzed. Of 10 samples analyzed for MYB translocation, 4 each were positive for translocations with exon 2 and exon 3 of PCDHGA1. Six samples showed MYBL rearrangement. The lack of IDH1/2 genetic alterations is in accordance with the literature in pediatric tumors. Alterations in MYB, MYBL were recently reported to characterize diffuse grade II, but not grade I, gliomas. Conclusion We optimized methods for analyzing gene variations and correlated the findings to pathological grade. The high incidence of MYB and MYBL need further evaluation. We also compared DNA, RNA, and RNA sequencing results for fusion, translocation, and genetic alterations. More accurate identification of the underlying biology of pediatric gliomas has implications for the development of targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Barinfeld
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Zahavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Ophthalmology Department, Rabin Medical Center – Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shirel Weiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Helen Toledano
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shalom Michowiz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center of Israel, Haifa, Israel
- Correspondence: Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
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Guo F, Yan J, Ling G, Chen H, Huang Q, Mu J, Mo L. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Lower Grade Glioma via Bioinformatical Analysis. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6959237. [PMID: 35035531 PMCID: PMC8759910 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6959237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a common type of central nervous system tumor. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the choice and timing of adjuvant therapy after tumor treatment are controversial. This study explored and identified potential therapeutic targets for lower-grade. The bioinformatics method was employed to identify potential biomarkers and LGG molecular mechanisms. Firstly, we selected and downloaded GSE15824, GSE50161, and GSE86574 from the GEO database, which included 40 LGG tissue and 28 normal brain tissue samples. GEO and VENN software identified of 206 codifference expressed genes (DEGs). Secondly, we applied the DAVID online software to investigate the DEG biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment, as well as to build the protein interaction visualization network through Cytoscape and STRING website. Then, the MCODE plug is used in the analysis of 22 core genes. Thirdly, the 22 core genes were analyzed with UNCLA software, of which 18 genes were associated with a worse prognosis. Fourthly, GEPIA was used to analyze the 18 selected genes, and 14 genes were found to be a significantly different expression between LGGs and normal brain tumor samples. Fifthly, hierarchical gene clustering was used to examine the 14 important gene expression differences in different histologies, as well as analysis of the KEGG pathway. Five of these genes were shown to be abundant in the natural killer cell-mediated cytokines (NKCC) and phagosome pathways. The five key genes that may be affected by the immune microenvironment play a crucial role in LGG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoyuan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianrong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junbo Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Gore S, Chougule T, Jagtap J, Saini J, Ingalhalikar M. A Review of Radiomics and Deep Predictive Modeling in Glioma Characterization. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:1599-1621. [PMID: 32660755 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in glioma categorization based on biological genotypes and application of computational machine learning or deep learning based predictive models using multi-modal MRI biomarkers to assess these genotypes provides potential assurance for optimal and personalized treatment plans and efficacy. Artificial intelligence based quantified assessment of glioma using MRI derived hand-crafted or auto-extracted features have become crucial as genomic alterations can be associated with MRI based phenotypes. This survey integrates all the recent work carried out in state-of-the-art radiomics, and Artificial Intelligence based learning solutions related to molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring with the aim to create a structured resource on radiogenomic analysis of glioma. Challenges such as inter-scanner variability, requirement of benchmark datasets, prospective validations for clinical applicability are discussed with further scope for designing optimal solutions for glioma stratification with immediate recommendations for further diagnostic decisions and personalized treatment plans for glioma patients.
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Genomic Space of MGMT in Human Glioma Revisited: Novel Motifs, Regulatory RNAs, NRF1, 2, and CTCF Involvement in Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052492. [PMID: 33801310 PMCID: PMC7958331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular regulation of increased MGMT expression in human brain tumors, the associated regulatory elements, and linkages of these to its epigenetic silencing are not understood. Because the heightened expression or non-expression of MGMT plays a pivotal role in glioma therapeutics, we applied bioinformatics and experimental tools to identify the regulatory elements in the MGMT and neighboring EBF3 gene loci. Results: Extensive genome database analyses showed that the MGMT genomic space was rich in and harbored many undescribed RNA regulatory sequences and recognition motifs. We extended the MGMT’s exon-1 promoter to 2019 bp to include five overlapping alternate promoters. Consensus sequences in the revised promoter for (a) the transcriptional factors CTCF, NRF1/NRF2, GAF, (b) the genetic switch MYC/MAX/MAD, and (c) two well-defined p53 response elements in MGMT intron-1, were identified. A putative protein-coding or non-coding RNA sequence was located in the extended 3′ UTR of the MGMT transcript. Eleven non-coding RNA loci coding for miRNAs, antisense RNA, and lncRNAs were identified in the MGMT-EBF3 region and six of these showed validated potential for curtailing the expression of both MGMT and EBF3 genes. ChIP analysis verified the binding site in MGMT promoter for CTCF which regulates the genomic methylation and chromatin looping. CTCF depletion by a pool of specific siRNA and shRNAs led to a significant attenuation of MGMT expression in human GBM cell lines. Computational analysis of the ChIP sequence data in ENCODE showed the presence of NRF1 in the MGMT promoter and this occurred only in MGMT-proficient cell lines. Further, an enforced NRF2 expression markedly augmented the MGMT mRNA and protein levels in glioma cells. Conclusions: We provide the first evidence for several new regulatory components in the MGMT gene locus which predict complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls with potential for new therapeutic avenues.
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Molecular Classification of Diffuse Gliomas. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 47:464-473. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT:Technological advances in the field of molecular genetics have improved the ability to classify brain tumors into subgroups with distinct clinical features and important therapeutic implications. The World Health Organization’s newest update on classification of gliomas (2016) incorporated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations, ATRX loss, 1p/19q codeletion status, and TP53 mutations to allow for improved classification of glioblastomas, low-grade and anaplastic gliomas. This paper reviews current advances in the understanding of diffuse glioma classification and the impact of molecular markers and DNA methylation studies on survival of patients with these tumors. We also discuss whether the classification and grading of diffuse gliomas should be based on histological findings, molecular markers, or DNA methylation subgroups in future iterations of the classification system.
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Ochirjav E, Enkhbat B, Baldandorj T, Choe G. Reclassification of Mongolian Diffuse Gliomas According to the Revised 2016 World Health Organization Central Nervous System Tumor Classification. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:298-307. [PMID: 31370384 PMCID: PMC6755654 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.07.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been modified to incorporate the IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion in the diagnosis of diffuse gliomas. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and prognostic significance of the revised 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas. Methods A total of 124 cases of diffuse gliomas were collected, and tissue microarray blocks were made. IDH1 mutation was tested using immunohistochemistry, and 1p/19q co-deletion status was examined using fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Results According to the 2016 WHO classification, 124 cases of diffuse brain glioma were reclassified as follows: 10 oligodendroglioma, IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted; three anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted; 35 diffuse astrocytoma, IDHmut, 11 diffuse astrocytoma, IDHwt, not otherwise specified (NOS); 22 anaplastic astrocytoma, IDHmut, eight anaplastic astrocytoma, IDHwt, NOS; and 35 glioblastoma, IDHwt, NOS, respectively. The 2016 WHO classification presented better prognostic value for overall survival in patients with grade II tumors than traditional histological classification. Among patients with grade II tumors, those with oligodendroglioma IDHmut and 1p/19q co-deleted and diffuse astrocytoma IDHmut showed significantly higher survival than those with diffuse astrocytoma IDHwt, NOS (p<.01). Conclusions Mongolian diffuse gliomas could be reclassified according to the new 2016 WHO classification. Reclassification revealed substantial changes in diagnosis of both oligodendroglial and astrocytic entities. We have confirmed that the revised 2016 WHO CNS tumor classification has prognostic significance in Mongolian patients with diffuse gliomas, especially those with grade II tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Ochirjav
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayarmaa Enkhbat
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tuul Baldandorj
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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The Mitochondrion as an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:119-134. [PMID: 31327706 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important pharmacological targets because of their key role in cellular proliferation and death. In tumor tissues, mitochondria can switch metabolic phenotypes to meet the challenges of high energy demand and macromolecular synthesis. Furthermore, mitochondria can engage in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment, and signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can impinge on mitochondria. Cancer cells can also acquire a hybrid phenotype in which both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can be utilized. This hybrid phenotype can facilitate metabolic plasticity of cancer cells more specifically in metastasis and therapy-resistance. In light of the metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that had until recently remained unappreciated, strategies targeting cancer metabolic dependency appear to be promising in the development of novel and effective cancer therapeutics.
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13
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Abd-El-Barr MM, Huang KT, Moses ZB, Iorgulescu JB, Chi JH. Recent advances in intradural spinal tumors. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:729-742. [PMID: 29216380 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradural spinal tumors are rare tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the eloquence of the spinal cord and its tracts, the compact architecture of the cord and nerves, and the infiltrative nature of some of these tumors, surgical resection is difficult to achieve without causing neurological deficits. Likewise, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are utilized more cautiously in the treatment of intradural spinal tumors than their cranial counterparts. Targeted therapies aimed at the genetic alterations and molecular biology tailored to these tumors would be helpful but are lacking.Here, we review the major types of intradural spinal tumors, with an emphasis on genetic alterations, molecular biology, and experimental therapies for these difficult to treat neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Abd-El-Barr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin T Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ziev B Moses
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John H Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Buchroithner J, Erhart F, Pichler J, Widhalm G, Preusser M, Stockhammer G, Nowosielski M, Iglseder S, Freyschlag CF, Oberndorfer S, Bordihn K, von Campe G, Hoffermann M, Ruckser R, Rössler K, Spiegl-Kreinecker S, Fischer MB, Czech T, Visus C, Krumpl G, Felzmann T, Marosi C. Audencel Immunotherapy Based on Dendritic Cells Has No Effect on Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Phase II Randomized Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E372. [PMID: 30301187 PMCID: PMC6210090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that are capable of priming anti-tumor immune responses, thus serving as attractive tools to generate tumor vaccines. In this multicentric randomized open-label phase II study, we investigated the efficacy of vaccination with tumor lysate-charged autologous DCs (Audencel) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Patients aged 18 to 70 years with histologically proven primary GBM and resection of at least 70% were randomized 1:1 to standard of care (SOC) or SOC plus vaccination (weekly intranodal application in weeks seven to 10, followed by monthly intervals). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were overall survival, safety, and toxicity. Seventy-six adult patients were analyzed in this study. Vaccinations were given for seven (3⁻20) months on average. No severe toxicity was attributable to vaccination. Seven patients showed flu-like symptoms, and six patients developed local skin reactions. Progression-free survival at 12 months did not differ significantly between the control and vaccine groups (28.4% versus 24.5%, p = 0.9975). Median overall survival was similar with 18.3 months (vaccine: 564 days, 95% CI: 436⁻671 versus control: 568 days, 95% CI: 349⁻680; p = 0.89, harzard ratio (HR) 0.99). Hence, in this trial, the clinical outcomes of patients with primary GBM could not be improved by the addition of Audencel to SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buchroithner
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Wagner-Jauregg-Weg 15, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Erhart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Josef Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurooncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Wagner-Jauregg-Weg 15, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Clinical Division of Medical Oncology, Department for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Günther Stockhammer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martha Nowosielski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sarah Iglseder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian F Freyschlag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stefan Oberndorfer
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic St. Pölten, Karl Landsteiner Privat Universität, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria.
| | - Karin Bordihn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Landeskrankenhaus Salzburg, University Clinic of the Paracelsus Private Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Gord von Campe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Markus Hoffermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Ruckser
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Donauspital, Langobardenstraße 122, 1220 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Spiegl-Kreinecker
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Wagner-Jauregg-Weg 15, 4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carmen Visus
- Activartis Biotech GmbH, Wilhelminenstraße 91/IIf, 1160 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Günther Krumpl
- Activartis Biotech GmbH, Wilhelminenstraße 91/IIf, 1160 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Felzmann
- Activartis Biotech GmbH, Wilhelminenstraße 91/IIf, 1160 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Marosi
- Clinical Division of Medical Oncology, Department for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Detection of IDH1 and IDH2 Mutation in Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Gliomas Using Allele-specific COLD-PCR and Probe Melting Curve Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:e93-e100. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Teng YD, Abd-El-Barr M, Wang L, Hajiali H, Wu L, Zafonte RD. Spinal cord astrocytomas: progresses in experimental and clinical investigations for developing recovery neurobiology-based novel therapies. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:135-147. [PMID: 30243796 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord astrocytomas (SCAs) have discernibly unique signatures in regards to epidemiology, clinical oncological features, genetic markers, pathophysiology, and research and therapeutic challenges. Overall, there are presently very limited clinical management options for high grade SCAs despite progresses made in validating key molecular markers and standardizing tumor classification. The endeavors were aimed to improve diagnosis, therapy design and prognosis assessment, as well as to define more effective oncolytic targets. Efficacious treatment for high grade SCAs still remains an unmet medical demand. This review is therefore focused on research state updates that have been made upon analyzing clinical characteristics, diagnostic classification, genetic and molecular features, tumor initiation cell biology, and current management options for SCAs. Particular emphasis was given to basic and translational research endeavors targeting SCAs, including establishment of experimental models, exploration of unique profiles of SCA stem cell-like tumor survival cells, characterization of special requirements for effective therapeutic delivery into the spinal cord, and development of donor stem cell-based gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. We concluded that precise understanding of molecular oncology, tumor survival mechanisms (e.g., drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer stem cells/tumor survival cells), and principles of Recovery Neurobiology can help to create clinically meaningful experimental models of SCAs. Establishment of such systems will expedite the discovery of efficacious therapies that not only kill tumor cells but simultaneously preserve and improve residual neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D Teng
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Muhammad Abd-El-Barr
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Current affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadi Hajiali
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liqun Wu
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Spinal Cord Injury Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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Yuan GQ, Wei NL, Mu LY, Wang XQ, Zhang YN, Zhou WN, Pan YW. A 4-miRNAs signature predicts survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:443-452. [PMID: 28869437 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is an important marker for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), there is considerable variability in the clinical outcome of patients with similar methylation profles. OBJECTIVE We examined whether a MicroRNA (miRNA) signature can be identified for predicting clinical outcomes and helping in treatment decisions. METHODS The differentially expressed miRNAs were evaluated in 6 pairs of short- (⩽ 450 days) and long-term survivors (> 450 days) by using microarray. Real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to further verify screened miRNAs with a greater number of samples (n= 48). Meanwhile, functional interpretation of miRNA profile was carried out based on miRNA-target databases. In addition, MGMT promoter methylation status was tested by means of pyrosequencing (PSQ) testing. RESULTS Six miRNAs were upregulated in the long-term survival group (fold change ⩾ 2.0, P< 0.05). The further verification by qRT-PCR indicated that the increase in let-7g-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-9-3p level in long-term survivors was statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of a prognostic 4-miRNA signature was significantly associated with good patient survival (p= 0.0012). The signature regulated signaling pathways including Calcium, MAPK, ErbB, mTOR and cell cycle involved in carcinogenesis from glial progenitor cell to primary GBM. CONCLUSIONS The 4-miRNA signature was identified as an independent prognostic biomarker that identified patients who have a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Yuan
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - N L Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - L Y Mu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Y N Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - W N Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Y W Pan
- Institute of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
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Kondo A, Shimizu Y, Adachi S, Ogino I, Suzuki M, Akiyama O, Arai H. A Comprehensive Method for Detecting Fusion Genes in Paediatric Brain Tumours. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:343-348. [PMID: 29976640 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusion genes driving tumourigenesis have drawn the attention of researchers and oncologists. Despite the importance of such molecular alterations, there are no comprehensive reproducible methods for detecting fusion genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen paediatric brain tumours of five types, namely pilocytic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and, ganglioglioma, were examined to detect fusion genes using a pyrosequencing-based method following RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our method successfully detected KIAA1549-v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) fusion in 14 out of 19 patients suffering from five types of paediatric brain tumours providing information on fusion breakpoints within 2 h. CONCLUSION A comprehensive method for detecting fusion genes in paediatric brain tumours was evaluated. This method identified KIAA1549-BRAF fusion variants quickly. Our results may help researchers interested in the role of fusion genes in tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Adachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Acquaviva G, Visani M, de Biase D, Marucci G, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Brandes AA, Rhoden KJ, Pession A, Tallini G. Prevalence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs11554137 (IDH1 105GGT) in brain tumors of a cohort of Italian patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4459. [PMID: 29535392 PMCID: PMC5849696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH mutational status is required for proper diagnosis according to the WHO criteria revised in 2016. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11554137 (IDH1105GGT) at codon 105 of IDH1 has been reported in patients with several tumor types, including those with glioma. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of IDH1105GGT in a cohort of brain tumors, and its association with clinicopathologic features and IDH1 and IDH2 missense mutations. Exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2 was analyzed in a series of brain tumors classified according to current WHO criteria. DNA from control individuals was analyzed to infer the prevalence of IDH1105GGT in the reference population. Analysis was performed using next generation sequencing. IDH1105GGT was three times more frequent in patients with tumors (44/293 cases, 15.0%) vs. population controls (6/109, 5.5%) (p = 0.0102). IDH1105GGT was more frequent in grade III tumors (26.1%) compared to grade II (10.9%, p = 0.038) and grade IV tumors (13.7%, p = 0.041). IDH1 105GGT was more frequent in grade II and III tumors without an IDH tumor missense mutation (43.8%) than in those with (11.5%, p = 0.005). The IDH1105GGT SNP likely represents an important genetic marker, worthy of additional investigation to better understand the clinical and biological features of IDH-WT infiltrating gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUSL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (currently at Department of Neuropathology, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerry J Rhoden
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
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Wang B, Zhang X, Wang W, Zhu Z, Tang F, Wang D, Liu X, Zhuang H, Yan X. Forkhead box K2 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells and predicts a favorable prognosis. Onco Targets Ther 2018. [PMID: 29520156 PMCID: PMC5833792 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) is a member of the forkhead box family of transcription factors. Recently, researchers discovered that overexpression of FOXK2 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer, and is related to the clinical prognosis. However, in hepatocellular carcinoma, FOXK2 results in the opposite phenotypes. Currently, the contribution of FOXK2 to glioma pathogenesis is not clear. Patients and methods We evaluated the expression of FOXK2 in 151 glioma patients using immunohistochemistry assays. The associations among the expression of FOXK2, clinicopathological parameters, and the prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. We downregulated and upregulated the level of FOXK2 in glioma cells by transfections with small interfering RNA and plasmids. Then, we investigated the effects on tumor cell behavior in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony-formation assay, transwell assay, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarker levels. Results The clinical data showed that expression of FOXK2 gradually decreased with increasing World Health Organization (WHO) grades and a low level of FOXK2 indicates a poor prognosis. FOXK2 expression is negatively correlated with Ki67 expression and the WHO degree but is not correlated with other clinicopathological parameters, including sex, age, Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor diameter, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, and glutathione S-transferase pi. FOXK2 knockdown enhances glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process, and, in contrast, FOXK2 overexpression inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the EMT process. Conclusion Expression of FOXK2 gradually decreases with increasing WHO grades. FOXK2 inhibits tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. FOXK2 is a critical mediator of the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - XueBin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - ZhiZhong Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhuang
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XiaoLing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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21
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Javadi SA, Hartmann C, Walter GF, Banan R, Samii A. IDH1 Mutation in Brain Stem Glioma: Case Report and Review of Literature. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:414-417. [PMID: 29682047 PMCID: PMC5898118 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.228540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in brain stem glioma is not clear. To the best of our knowledge, six cases of brain stem gliomas carrying IDH1/2 mutations are currently reported in the literature. One case of diffuse brain stem glioma with IDH1 mutation, which was followed for 2 years, is presented and compared with IDH1 negative tumors. A 22-year-old lady was referred with diplopia and left arm palsy. Neuroimaging detected a nonenhancing, nonhomogeneous diffuse infiltrating brain stem tumor extending from pons to medulla. Microsurgical debulking was performed. Microscopic evaluation of the tissue specimen and immunohistochemistry revealed an astrocytoma WHO Grade II with proliferation rate of 3% and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive tumor cells. Interestingly, the tumor cells expressed mutated IDH1 R132H protein. The patient underwent adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy. The primary and 2 years' clinical/radiological characteristics did not indicate any significant difference from other cases without IDH1 mutation. the prognostic value of IDH1/2 mutation in brain stem glioma is unclear. Brain stem biopsies may allow determination of a tissue-based tumor diagnosis for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amirhossein Javadi
- Brain and Spinal Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Institute of Pathology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Franz Walter
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roozbeh Banan
- Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Institute of Pathology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amir Samii
- Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Pinto EG, Campos MS, Falleiros-Júnior LR, Marques MR, Taboga SR, Castro CH, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA. Combined oral contraceptives promote androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor alpha upregulation in the female prostate (Skene’s paraurethral glands) of adult gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:1286-1297. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA) and ethinyloestradiol (EE) alone or in combination on the female prostate of adult gerbils. Adult females were exposed for 21 days to daily oral doses of CPA (1 mg kg−1), EE (10 µg kg−1) or a combination of CPA and EE. Female prostatic complexes were removed, weighed and subjected to morphological, stereological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses. CPA treatment caused epithelial atrophy and decreased prostate secretory activity. The EE treatment group showed glandular hyperplasia, a high cell-proliferation index and an increase in androgen and oestrogen receptor α (AR and ERα) immunoreactivity. Combined treatment (CPA+EE) caused adverse effects, such as an increase in cell proliferation, higher AR and ERα immunoreactivity, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, cell degeneration and aging. In conclusion, the CPA-only treatment promoted antiandrogenic effects on the female gerbil prostate, whereas EE-only had a potent oestrogenic activity. However, when combined, EE overlapped the effects of CPA, changing the pattern of glandular hormonal regulation and stimulating the development of prostatic lesions in female gerbils.
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23
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Banan R, Christians A, Bartels S, Lehmann U, Hartmann C. Absence of MGMT promoter methylation in diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:98. [PMID: 29246238 PMCID: PMC5732448 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Visani M, Acquaviva G, Marucci G, Paccapelo A, Mura A, Franceschi E, Grifoni D, Pession A, Tallini G, Brandes AA, de Biase D. Non-canonical IDH1 and IDH2 mutations: a clonal and relevant event in an Italian cohort of gliomas classified according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:245-254. [PMID: 28748342 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, assessment of exon 4 mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 genes (IDH1 or IDH2) is an essential step in the characterization of gliomas. The p.R132H mutation is the most frequent alteration in IDH genes, however other non-canonical IDH mutations can be identified. The aim of this study is to investigate in depth the prevalence of non-R132H IDH ("non-canonical") mutations in brain tumors classified according to the 2016 WHO scheme and their clonal distribution in neoplastic cells. A total of 288 consecutive cases of brain gliomas (grade II-IV) were analyzed for exon 4 IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. IDH1 and IDH2 analysis was performed using next generation sequencing. Non-canonical IDH mutations were identified in 13/52 (25.0%) grade II gliomas (astrocytomas: 8/31, 25.8%; oligodendrogliomas: 5/21, 23.8%) and in 5/40 (12.5%) grade III gliomas (astrocytomas: 3/25, 12.0%; oligodendrogliomas: 2/15, 13.3%). They were not identified in 196 grade IV gliomas (192 glioblastomas, 4 gliosarcomas). In the large majority (>80%) of tumors IDH mutations, both IDH1-R132H and the non-canonical ones, were present in the large majority (>80%) of neoplastic cells. Our data highlight the importance of investigating not only the IDH1-R132H mutation but also the non-canonical ones. These mutations are clonally distributed, with proportions of mutated neoplastic cells overlapping with those of p.R132H, a finding consistent with their driver role in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUSL of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Neuropathology, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandro Paccapelo
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Mura
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.
- Anatomia Patologica, ASL Bologna, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Newly diagnosed elderly patients (age > 65-70 years) with glioblastoma should be treated with a patient-centred approach by a multi-disciplinary team. Chronological age alone should not be considered as a contraindication to treatment with maximal safe surgical resection. A 3-week course of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy is appropriate in selected elderly patients with favourable Karnofsky performance status (KPS) who cannot tolerate a longer 6-week course of fractionated radiotherapy. The presence or absence of 06-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation can be used to guide clinical decision-making as both prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This review provides an update and summary of the available evidence for treating newly diagnosed elderly patients with glioblastoma.
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26
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Vaios EJ, Nahed BV, Muzikansky A, Fathi AT, Dietrich J. Bone marrow response as a potential biomarker of outcomes in glioblastoma patients. J Neurosurg 2017; 127:132-138. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.7.jns16609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignancy that requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but therapy is frequently limited by side effects. The most common adverse effect of chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) is myelosuppression. It remains unclear whether the degree of bone-marrow suppression might serve as a biomarker for treatment outcome. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the degree of bone-marrow toxicity in patients treated with TMZ correlates with overall survival (OS) and MRI-based time to progression (progression-free survival [PFS]).METHODSComplete blood counts and clinical and imaging information were collected retrospectively from 86 cases involving GBM patients who had completed both radiation therapy and at least 6 monthly cycles of chemotherapy with TMZ.RESULTSUsing a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, it was observed that MGMT promoter methylation, wild-type EGFR, younger patient age at diagnosis, and treatment-induced decreases in white blood cell counts were associated with improved OS. The 2-year survival rate was 25% and 58% for patients with increases and decreases, respectively, in white blood cell counts from baseline over 6 months of TMZ treatment. Consistent with the literature, IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation were associated with better PFS and OS. IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation were not correlated with changes in peripheral red blood cell or white blood cell counts.CONCLUSIONSDecreases in white blood cell counts might serve as a potential biomarker for OS and PFS in malignant glioma patients treated with radiation therapy and TMZ. It remains unclear whether treatment-induced changes in white blood cell counts correlate with drug-induced antitumor activity or represent an independent factor of the altered local and systemic tumor environment. Additional studies will be needed to determine dose dependence for chemotherapy based upon peripheral blood counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Vaios
- 1Harvard Medical School; and
- 5Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian V. Nahed
- 1Harvard Medical School; and
- 5Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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27
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Costa JR, Campos MS, Lima RF, Gomes LS, Marques MR, Taboga SR, Biancardi MF, Brito PVA, Santos FCA. Endocrine-disrupting effects of methylparaben on the adult gerbil prostate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1801-1812. [PMID: 28181406 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are xenoestrogens widely employed in cosmetics, foodstuffs, and pharmaceutical products. These chemicals are known to disrupt hormone-dependent organs, due to their binding affinity for hormonal receptors. Although recent studies have evaluated the endocrine-disrupting potential of parabens in several reproductive organs, few have investigated the effects of these chemicals in the prostate. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of oral exposure to methylparaben (500 mg/kg/day) for 3, 7, and 21 days on male and female adult gerbil prostate. For this purpose, we employed biometrical, morphological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that methylparaben caused morphological changes in gerbil prostates in all experimental groups. These animals displayed similar alterations such as prostate epithelial hyperplasia, increased cell proliferation, and a higher frequency of AR-positive cells. However, the prostate of the female gerbil showed additional changes such as stromal inflammatory infiltration, intraepithelial neoplasia foci, and an increase in AR-positive frequency. Altogether, these data show that methylparaben was responsible for disrupting estrogenic and androgenic receptors, suggesting that parabens may have estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína R Costa
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mônica S Campos
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, State University of São Paulo - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Lima
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Liana S Gomes
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara R Marques
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, State University of São Paulo - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054000, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Pedro V A Brito
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Histophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
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28
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Duan L, Zhang Y, Fu W, Geng S. Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor Originating From the Spinal Cord: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2017; 98:875.e1-875.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for human glioma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 154:28-33. [PMID: 28107674 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scholars have gradually come to appreciate the relevance of serine and glycine metabolism. Recently, researchers have discovered that mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is overexpressed in various types of cancer. However, the function of SHMT2 in glioma is not clear. In this study, we sought to examine the expression of SHMT2 in glioma, the association between SHMT2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, and the association of SHMT2 expression with prognosis in glioma patients. METHODS We evaluated the expression of SHMT2, Ki67, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), and Glutathione S Transferase pi (GST-pi) in 150 glioma patients using immunohistochemistry assays. The associations among the expression of SHMT2, clinicopathological parameters, and outcome of glioma patients were statistically analysed. RESULTS The expression of SHMT2 was increased in gliomas compared to normal brain tissue and gradually increased with increasing WHO grade. The SHMT2 expression was positively correlated with Ki67 expression and WHO degree (p<0.01) but was not correlated with other clinicopathological parameters, including sex, age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), tumour diameter, MGMT, and GST-pi (p>0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses showed that SHMT2 expression and the WHO grade were independent prognostic indicators for glioma patients. CONCLUSION The expression of SHMT2 in glioma was significantly increased compared to normal brain tissue. SHMT2 promoted tumour proliferation, and there was no association between SHMT2 and drug resistance mechanisms of glioma. SHMT2 may be a novel and valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of glioma and an independent prognostic parameter of glioma.
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30
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Rotoli D, Pérez-Rodríguez ND, Morales M, Maeso MDC, Ávila J, Mobasheri A, Martín-Vasallo P. IQGAP1 in Podosomes/Invadosomes Is Involved in the Progression of Glioblastoma Multiforme Depending on the Tumor Status. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010150. [PMID: 28098764 PMCID: PMC5297783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. GBM is formed by a very heterogeneous astrocyte population, neurons, neovascularization and infiltrating myeloid cells (microglia and monocyte derived macrophages). The IQGAP1 scaffold protein interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules, and several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility, cell cycle and other cellular functions. IQGAP1 overexpression and delocalization has been observed in several tumors, suggesting a role for this protein in cell proliferation, transformation and invasion. IQGAP1 has been identified as a marker of amplifying cancer cells in GBMs. To determine the involvement of IQGAP1 in the onco-biology of GBM, we performed immunohistochemical confocal microscopic analysis of the IQGAP1 protein in human GBM tissue samples using cell type-specific markers. IQGAP1 immunostaining and subcellular localization was heterogeneous; the protein was located in the plasma membrane and, at variable levels, in nucleus and/or cytosol. Moreover, IQGAP1 positive staining was found in podosome/invadopodia-like structures. IQGAP1⁺ staining was observed in neurons (Map2⁺ cells), in cancer stem cells (CSC; nestin⁺) and in several macrophages (CD31⁺ or Iba1⁺). Our results indicate that the IQGAP1 protein is involved in normal cell physiology as well as oncologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rotoli
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- CNR-National Research Council, Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), Via Sergio Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Natalia Dolores Pérez-Rodríguez
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Hospiten® Hospitals, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Maeso
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Julio Ávila
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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31
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Goryaynov SA, Gol'dberg MF, Golanov AV, Zolotova SV, Shishkina LV, Ryzhova MV, Pitskhelauri DI, Zhukov VY, Usachev DY, Belyaev AY, Kondrashov AV, Shurkhay VA, Potapov AA. [The phenomenon of long-term survival in glioblastoma patients. Part I: the role of clinical and demographic factors and an IDH1 mutation (R 132 H)]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2017; 81:5-16. [PMID: 28665384 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20178135-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The median overall survival of glioblastoma patients is about 15 months. Only a small number of patients survive 3 years. The factors of a favorable prognosis for the 'longevity phenomenon' in glioblastoma patients are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE to determine the occurrence rate of long-living patients with glioblastomas, identify clinical predictors of a favorable prognosis, and identify the presence and prognostic significance of an IDH1 mutation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among 1494 patients operated on for glioblastoma at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute from 2007 to 2012, there were 84 (5.6%) patients who lived more than 3 years after primary surgery. In all the cases, histological specimens were reviewed, and immunohistochemical detection of a mutant IDH1 protein was performed. Overall survival was calculated from the time of first surgery to the date of the last consultation or death, and the recurrence-free period was calculated from the time of first surgery to MRI-verified tumor progression. RESULTS The median age of long-living patients with glioblastoma was 45 years (19-65 years). All tumors were located supratentorially. The median Karnofsky performance status score at the time of surgery was 80 (range, 70-100). All patients underwent microsurgical resection of the tumor, followed by chemoradiotherapy. The median recurrence-free period was 36 months (5-98 months). Overall survival of 48, 60, and 84 months was achieved in 23, 15 and 6% of patients, respectively. Among 49 specimens available for the IDH1 analysis, 14 (28.6%) specimens had a mutant protein. There was no significant difference in survival rates in patients with positive and negative results for IDH1 (44.1 vs. 40.8 months; p>0.05). CONCLUSION The significance of various factors that may be predictors of a favorable course of the disease is discussed in the literature. This work is the first part of analysis of prognostically significant factors positively affecting overall survival of glioblastoma patients. In our series, the predictors of a favorable prognosis for long-living patients with the verified diagnosis of glioblastoma were as follows: young age, the supratentorial location of the tumor, a high Karnofsky score before surgery, and tumor resection. In our series, we used immunohistochemical tests and found no prognostic significance of the IDH1 gene mutation; further analysis will require application of direct sequencing. We plan to study other morphological and molecular genetic features of tumors, which explain prolonged survival of glioblastoma patients, as well as the role of various types of combined chemoradiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M F Gol'dberg
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Golanov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Zolotova
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M V Ryzhova
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D I Pitskhelauri
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Yu Zhukov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Yu Usachev
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Belyaev
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kondrashov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shurkhay
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Potapov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Cui X, Song L, Bai Y, Wang Y, Wang B, Wang W. Elevated IQGAP1 and CDC42 levels correlate with tumor malignancy of human glioma. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:768-776. [PMID: 28035419 PMCID: PMC5355752 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. The abnormal expression of IQGAP1 widely exists in many cancers, but the combined biological roles of IQGAP1 and CDC42 in human glioma remain to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the associated expression level of IQGAP1, CDC42 and clinical significances in human glioma, as well as its biological functions in glioma progression. Our results revealed that IQGAP1 and CDC42 are frequently elevated in glioma tissues compared with their noncancerous counterparts, and a high expression of IQGAP1 and CDC42 correlates with tumor grades and poor overall survival of glioma patients. Moreover, the overexpression of IQGAP1 improves cell proliferation and migration ability of human glioma cells, whereas the knockdown of IQGAP1 by siRNA reduces cell growth and cell migration in vitro. These results suggest that IQGAP1, CDC42 and their interactions play important roles in human glioma carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Cui
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Laixiao Song
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Boqian Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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Molecular Analysis of Tumor Cell Components in Pilocytic Astrocytomas, Gangliogliomas, and Oligodendrogliomas. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:496-500. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang J, Yang JH, Quan J, Kang X, Wang HJ, Dai PG. Identification of MGMT promoter methylation sites correlating with gene expression and IDH1 mutation in gliomas. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13571-13579. [PMID: 27468718 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation was reported to be an independent prognostic and predictive factor in glioma patients who received temozolomide treatment. However, the predictive value of MGMT methylation was recently questioned by several large clinical studies. The purpose of this study is to identify MGMT gene promoter CpG sites or region whose methylation were closely correlated with its gene expression to elucidate this contradictory clinical observations. The methylation status for all CpG dinucleotides in MGMT promoter and first exon region were determined in 42 Chinese glioma patients, which were then correlated with MGMT gene expression, IDH1 mutation, and tumor grade. In whole 87 CpG dinucleotides analyzed, three distinct CpG regions covering 28 CpG dinucleotides were significantly correlated with MGMT gene expression; 10 CpG dinucleotides were significantly correlated with glioma classification (p < 0.05). Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation and MGMT gene hypermethylation significantly co-existed, but not for MGMT gene expression. The validation cohort of gliomas treated with standard of care and comparison of the CpGs we identified with the current CpGs used in clinical setting will be very important for gliomas individual medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Hui Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Quan
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Gao Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Kingsbury JM, Shamaprasad N, Billmyre RB, Heitman J, Cardenas ME. Cancer-associated isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3524-3538. [PMID: 27427385 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major advance in understanding the progression and prognostic outcome of certain cancers, such as low-grade gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, and chondrosarcomas, has been the identification of early-occurring mutations in the NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2 These mutations result in the production of the onco-metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), thought to contribute to disease progression. To better understand the mechanisms of 2HG pathophysiology, we introduced the analogous glioma-associated mutations into the NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDP1, IDP2, IDP3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Intriguingly, expression of the mitochondrial IDP1R148H mutant allele results in high levels of 2HG production as well as extensive mtDNA loss and respiration defects. We find no evidence for a reactive oxygen-mediated mechanism mediating this mtDNA loss. Instead, we show that 2HG production perturbs the iron sensing mechanisms as indicated by upregulation of the Aft1-controlled iron regulon and a concomitant increase in iron levels. Accordingly, iron chelation, or overexpression of a truncated AFT1 allele that dampens transcription of the iron regulon, suppresses the loss of respirative capacity. Additional suppressing factors include overexpression of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALD5 or disruption of the retrograde response transcription factor RTG1 Furthermore, elevated α-ketoglutarate levels also suppress 2HG-mediated respiration loss; consistent with a mechanism by which 2HG contributes to mtDNA loss by acting as a toxic α-ketoglutarate analog. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to 2HG oncogenicity in glioma and acute myeloid leukaemia progression, with the promise for innovative diagnostic and prognostic strategies and novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Kingsbury
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nachiketha Shamaprasad
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Blake Billmyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria E Cardenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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36
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Infiltrating spinal cord astrocytomas: Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatments and future directions. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 29:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Fontana L, Tabano S, Bonaparte E, Marfia G, Pesenti C, Falcone R, Augello C, Carlessi N, Silipigni R, Guerneri S, Campanella R, Caroli M, Sirchia S, Bosari S, Miozzo M. MGMT-Methylated Alleles Are Distributed Heterogeneously Within Glioma Samples Irrespective of IDH Status and Chromosome 10q Deletion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:791-800. [PMID: 27346749 PMCID: PMC5409217 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular markers drive diagnostic classification, prognostic stratification, and/or prediction of response to therapy in patients with gliomas. Among them, IDH gene mutations are valuable markers for defining subtypes and are strongly associated with epigenetic silencing of the methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene. However, little is known about the percentage of MGMT-methylated alleles in IDH-mutated cells or the potential association between MGMT methylation and deletion of chromosome 10q, which encompasses the MGMT locus. Here, we quantitatively assessed MGMT methylation and IDH1 mutation in 208 primary glioma samples to explore possible differences associated with the IDH genotype. We also explored a potential association between MGMT methylation and loss of chromosome 10q. We observed that MGMT methylation was heterogeneously distributed within glioma samples irrespective of IDH status suggesting an incomplete overlap between IDH1-mutated and MGMT-methylated alleles and indicating a partial association between these 2 events. Moreover, loss of one MGMT allele did not affect the methylation level of the remaining allele. MGMT was methylated in about half of gliomas harboring a 10q deletion; in those cases, loss of heterozygosity might be considered a second hit leading to complete inactivation of MGMT and further contributing to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fontana
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Silvia Tabano
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Eleonora Bonaparte
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Chiara Pesenti
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Rossella Falcone
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Claudia Augello
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Nicole Carlessi
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Silvana Guerneri
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Rolando Campanella
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Manuela Caroli
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Silvia Sirchia
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Silvano Bosari
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS)
| | - Monica Miozzo
- From the Department of Pathophysiology & Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (LF, ST, EB, GM, CP, RF, CA, RC, SB, MM); Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (EB, CP, RF, NC, SB, MM); Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (GM, RC); Medical Genetics Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (RS, SG); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy (MC); and Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (SMS).
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Drusco A, Bottoni A, Laganà A, Acunzo M, Fassan M, Cascione L, Antenucci A, Kumchala P, Vicentini C, Gardiman MP, Alder H, Carosi MA, Ammirati M, Gherardi S, Luscrì M, Carapella C, Zanesi N, Croce CM. A differentially expressed set of microRNAs in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) can diagnose CNS malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20829-39. [PMID: 26246487 PMCID: PMC4673232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central Nervous System malignancies often require stereotactic biopsy or biopsy for differential diagnosis, and for tumor staging and grading. Furthermore, stereotactic biopsy can be non-diagnostic or underestimate grading. Hence, there is a compelling need of new diagnostic biomarkers to avoid such invasive procedures. Several biological markers have been proposed, but they can only identify specific prognostic subtype of Central Nervous System tumors, and none of them has found a standardized clinical application.The aim of the study was to identify a Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature that could differentiate among Central Nervous System malignancies.CSF total RNA of 34 neoplastic and of 14 non-diseased patients was processed by NanoString. Comparison among groups (Normal, Benign, Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Metastasis and Lymphoma) lead to the identification of a microRNA profile that was further confirmed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.Hsa-miR-451, -711, 935, -223 and -125b were significantly differentially expressed among the above mentioned groups, allowing us to draw an hypothetical diagnostic chart for Central Nervous System malignancies.This is the first study to employ the NanoString technique for Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling. In this article, we demonstrated that Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA profiling mirrors Central Nervous System physiologic or pathologic conditions. Although more cases need to be tested, we identified a diagnostic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid microRNA signature with good perspectives for future diagnostic clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Laganà
- Dept. of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Acunzo
- MVIMG, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Dept. of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Lymphoma & Genomics Research Program, IOR Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,IOSI Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna Antenucci
- UOSD of Clinical Pathology, Regina Elena Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Vicentini
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina P Gardiman
- Dept. of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Ammirati
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | | | - Marilena Luscrì
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Glioma Cells in the Tumor Periphery Have a Stem Cell Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155106. [PMID: 27171431 PMCID: PMC4865242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly infiltrative tumors incurable with surgery. Although surgery removes the bulk tumor, tumor cells in the periphery are left behind resulting in tumor relapses. The aim of the present study was to characterize the phenotype of tumor cells in the periphery focusing on tumor stemness, proliferation and chemo-resistance. This was investigated in situ in patient glioma tissue as well as in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. We identified 26 gliomas having the R132 mutation in Isocitrate DeHydrogenase 1 (mIDH1). A double immunofluorescence approach identifying mIDH1 positive tumor cells and a panel of markers was used. The panel comprised of six stem cell-related markers (CD133, Musashi-1, Bmi-1, Sox-2, Nestin and Glut-3), a proliferation marker (Ki-67) as well as a chemo-resistance marker (MGMT). Computer-based automated classifiers were designed to measure the mIDH1 positive nucleus area-fraction of the chosen markers. Moreover, orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts from five different patient-derived spheroid cultures were obtained and the tumor cells identified by human specific immunohistochemical markers. The results showed that tumor cells in the periphery of patient gliomas expressed stem cell markers, however for most markers at a significantly lower level than in the tumor core. The Ki-67 level was slightly reduced in the periphery, whereas the MGMT level was similar. In orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts all markers showed similar levels in the core and periphery. In conclusion tumor cells in the periphery of patient gliomas have a stem cell phenotype, although it is less pronounced than in the tumor core. Novel therapies aiming at preventing recurrence should therefore take tumor stemness into account. Migrating cells in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts preserve expression and stem cell markers. The orthotopic model therefore has a promising translational potential.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is regarded as the most aggressive and most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, prognosis and overall survival of glioblastoma patients remain dismal. Recently, progresses in genetic profiling have increased our understanding of the underlying heterogenous molecular nature of this aggressive tumor. Several prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers have been identified that have been linked to patient's survival and response to treatment, respectively. Imaging genomics represents a novel entity in clinical sciences that bidirectionally links imaging features with underlying molecular profile and thus can serve as a surrogate for noninvasive genomic correlation, prediction, and identification.
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Verma M. The Role of Epigenomics in the Study of Cancer Biomarkers and in the Development of Diagnostic Tools. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 867:59-80. [PMID: 26530360 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a key role in cancer development. Genetics alone cannot explain sporadic cancer and cancer development in individuals with no family history or a weak family history of cancer. Epigenetics provides a mechanism to explain the development of cancer in such situations. Alterations in epigenetic profiling may provide important insights into the etiology and natural history of cancer. Because several epigenetic changes occur before histopathological changes, they can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and risk assessment. Many cancers may remain asymptomatic until relatively late stages; in managing the disease, efforts should be focused on early detection, accurate prediction of disease progression, and frequent monitoring. This chapter describes epigenetic biomarkers as they are expressed during cancer development and their potential use in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Based on epigenomic information, biomarkers have been identified that may serve as diagnostic tools; some such biomarkers also may be useful in identifying individuals who will respond to therapy and survive longer. The importance of analytical and clinical validation of biomarkers is discussed, along with challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Suite# 4E102. 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9763, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9726, USA.
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42
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Liu A, Hou C, Chen H, Zong X, Zong P. Genetics and Epigenetics of Glioblastoma: Applications and Overall Incidence of IDH1 Mutation. Front Oncol 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 26858939 PMCID: PMC4731485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most fatal brain cancer found in humans. Patients suffering from glioblastoma have a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 15 months. The tumor may develop rapidly de novo in older patients or through progression from anaplastic astrocytomas in younger patients if glioblastoma is primary or secondary, respectively. During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding of processes leading to glioblastoma, and several important genetic defects that appear to be important for the development and progression of this tumor have been identified. Particularly, the discovery of recurrent mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene has shed new light on the molecular landscape in glioblastoma. Indeed, emerging research on the consequences of mutant IDH1 protein expression suggests that its neomorphic enzymatic activity catalyzing the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate influences a range of cellular programs that affect the epigenome and contribute to glioblastoma development. One of the exciting observations is the presence of IDH1 mutation in the vast majority of secondary glioblastoma, while it is almost absent in primary glioblastoma. Growing data indicate that this particular mutation has clinical and prognostic importance and will become a critical early distinction in diagnosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Chunfeng Hou
- Department of Oncology Nursing, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Xuan Zong
- Department of Oncology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Peijun Zong
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
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Uekawa K, Nakamura H, Shinojima N, Takezaki T, Yano S, Kuratsu JI. Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma in the Medulla Oblongata: Molecular Biological Analyses Including H3F3A Mutation of Histone H3.3. NMC Case Rep J 2016; 3:29-33. [PMID: 28663993 PMCID: PMC5386147 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike in children, brain stem gliomas in adult are rare and still poorly understood. In addition, most adult brain stem gliomas result predominantly in the pons and are less often found in the medulla oblongata. Here, we report a case of an adult glioma in the medulla oblongata and its molecular biological features. A 46-year-old male presented with gait disturbance, paresthesia, and dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse hyper-intensive lesion in the medulla oblongata on a T2-weighted image without gadolinium contrast enhancement. We performed an open biopsy and the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as a diffuse astrocytoma. Molecular biological analyses revealed the absence of histone H3.3 mutation (H3F3A K27M), and presence of methylation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter and a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1). The patient received local radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. The patient’s symptoms were ameliorated, and MRI showed no tumor growth at 6 months after the initial treatment. Biopsy for brain stem lesions is generally thought to have risk of complications, but if performed minimally, it is useful to diagnose and determine treatment strategy. Obtaining patient characteristics and molecular biological features will provide insight towards therapeutic treatment for adult brain stem gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Takezaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Shigetoshi Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Jun-ichi Kuratsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
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44
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Lv JF, Hu L, Zhuo W, Zhang CM, Zhou HH, Fan L. Epigenetic alternations and cancer chemotherapy response. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:673-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Trabelsi S, Mama N, Ladib M, Popov S, Burford A, Mokni M, Tlili K, Krifa H, Varella-Garcia M, Jones C, Tahar Yacoubi M, Saad A, H’mida Ben Brahim D. Adult recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma: Clinical, histopathological and molecular study. Neurochirurgie 2015; 61:392-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ellis HP, Greenslade M, Powell B, Spiteri I, Sottoriva A, Kurian KM. Current Challenges in Glioblastoma: Intratumour Heterogeneity, Residual Disease, and Models to Predict Disease Recurrence. Front Oncol 2015; 5:251. [PMID: 26636033 PMCID: PMC4644939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, and despite the availability of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to combat the disease, overall survival remains low with a high incidence of tumor recurrence. Technological advances are continually improving our understanding of the disease, and in particular, our knowledge of clonal evolution, intratumor heterogeneity, and possible reservoirs of residual disease. These may inform how we approach clinical treatment and recurrence in GB. Mathematical modeling (including neural networks) and strategies such as multiple sampling during tumor resection and genetic analysis of circulating cancer cells, may be of great future benefit to help predict the nature of residual disease and resistance to standard and molecular therapies in GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley P Ellis
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Mark Greenslade
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust , Bristol , UK
| | - Ben Powell
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Inmaculada Spiteri
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Correlation of Promoter Methylation in the MGMT Gene with Glioma Risk and Prognosis: a Meta-Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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ElBanan MG, Amer AM, Zinn PO, Colen RR. Imaging genomics of Glioblastoma: state of the art bridge between genomics and neuroradiology. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2015; 25:141-53. [PMID: 25476518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Recently, researchers concluded that the "one-size-fits-all" approach for treatment of GBM is no longer valid and research should be directed toward more personalized and patient-tailored treatment protocols. Identification of the molecular and genomic pathways underlying GBM is essential for achieving this personalized and targeted therapeutic approach. Imaging genomics represents a new era as a noninvasive surrogate for genomic and molecular profile identification. This article discusses the basics of imaging genomics of GBM, its role in treatment decision-making, and its future potential in noninvasive genomic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G ElBanan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed M Amer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rivka R Colen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Otani Y, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Shimizu T, Date I. Evaluation of extracellular matrix protein CCN1 as a prognostic factor for glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26201842 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research efforts in identifying prognostic molecular biomarkers for malignant glioma have intensified. Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1) is one of the CCN family of matricellular proteins that promotes cell growth and angiogenesis in cancers through its interaction with several integrins. In this study, we investigated the relationships among CCN1, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression, the tumor removal rate, and prognosis in 46 glioblastoma patients treated at the Okayama University Hospital. CCN1 expression was high in 31 (67 %) of these patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients with high CCN1 expression was significantly shorter than those of patients with low CCN1 expression (p < 0.005). In a multivariate Cox analysis, CCN1 proved to be an independent prognostic factor for patient survival [PFS, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.53 (1.55-8.01), p = 0.003 and OS, HR = 3.05 (1.35-6.87), p = 0.007]. Moreover, in the 31 patients who underwent gross total resection, the PFS and OS times of those with high CCN1 expression were significantly shorter than those with low CCN1 expression. It was concluded that CCN1 might emerge as a significant prognostic factor regarding the prognosis of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ishida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Tomotsugu Ichikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Manabu Onishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimazu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Oka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Abstract
Despite advances in multimodal treatments, malignant gliomas remain characterized by a short survival time. Surgical treatment is accepted to be the first line of therapy, with recent studies revealing that maximal possible tumor reduction exerts significant impact on patient outcome. Consideration of tumor localization in relation to functionally eloquent brain areas has been gaining increasing importance. Despite existing assessment methods, the availability of a simple but reliable preoperative grading based on functional data would therefore prove to be indispensable for the prediction of postoperative outcome and hence for overall survival in glioma patients. We performed a clinical investigation comprising 322 patients with gliomas and developed a novel classification system of preoperative tumor status, which considers tumor operability based on two graduations (Friedlein Grading - FG): FGA with lesions at safe distance to eloquent regions which can be completely resected, and FGB referring to tumors which can only be partially resected or biopsied. Investigation of outcome revealed that FGA were characterized by a significantly longer overall survival time compared to FGB. We offer the opportunity to classify brain tumors in a dependable and reproducible manner. The FGA/B grading method provides high prognostic value with respect to overall survival time in relation to the extent of location-dependent tumor resection.
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