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Impact of Nisin in Combination with Sodium Benzoate and Calcium Carbonate on the Bacterial and Yeast Population of Coconut Neera (Coconut Inflorescence sap). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural sap from mature coconut palm known as coconut neera is enriched with essential minerals and vitamins. Rapid microbial fermentation affects neera processing industries because it spoils the physicochemical properties. There are various methods in preservation that extend the shelf life of coconut neera. The addition of nisin is one of the methods which protect neera against fermentation. Therefore, the study is focused to identify the effective combination of nisin (50 ppm) with preservatives like sodium benzoate (500, and 1000 ppm), and calcium carbonate (2500, and 3000 ppm) at two different combinations in neera. At the end of 21 d, 3000 ppm calcium carbonate with 50 ppm nisin in N4 treatment had an effective reduction of 120 × 105 CFU/ml and 143 × 102 CFU/ml for total bacteria and total yeast count. The reduced microbial survival resulted in the pH of 10.45 ± 0.05, total soluble solids of 15.43 ± 0.12 °Brix, and total acidity of 1.11 ± 0.04 mg/ L, at this combination. The treatment of nisin with 3000 ppm calcium carbonate demonstrated the high red fluorescence bacterial cells than the treatment of nisin with 1000 ppm sodium benzoate. Additionally, the microorganisms in N4 treatment precipitated 65.34% Ca2+ from 79.96% in XRF intensity analysis. The synergistic effect of nisin and calcium carbonate explored their antimicrobial activity against the heterogeneous microbial population in coconut neera. The concentration of 3000 ppm calcium carbonate and nisin 50 ppm preserves the physicochemical and sensory qualities, up to 21 d at 4°C, and offer hope for the industrial-scale implementation.
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Glicerina V, Siroli L, Canali G, Chinnici F, Capelli F, Lanciotti R, Colombo V, Romani S. Efficacy of biodegradable, antimicrobial packaging on safety and quality parameters maintenance of a pear juice and rice milk-based smoothie product. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Wengerska K, Spustek D, Krakowiak D, Drabik K, Batkowska J. Rearing system, utility type and hens’ age as a factor modifying lysozyme's hydrolytic activity. ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>The aim of study was to analyze the impact of the utility type, age and rearing system of hens on egg quality traits and the enzymatic activity of egg albumen lysozyme (LA). The material consisted of 120 eggs from two genotypes of hens: Hy-Line Brown and parent stock of Ross 308. Laying-type hens were reared divided into 2 systems: intensive (litter, balanced feed) and extensive (open runs, farm fodders). The second source of material was hens age (29, 33, 41, 53 and 70 wks) of the parent stock.. Stocks were differentiated in terms of the hens age (29, 33, 41, 53 and 70 wks). Eggs quality traits and LA were evaluated.
The LA of was higher in eggs from laying than from broiler breeder hens. It decreased with the hens’ age and increased with albumen mass, it was also positively correlated with albumen height and Haugh's units. The rearing system considerably modified mass of egg and albumen and the dense albumen height, but does not affect the LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wengerska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of LIfe Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Damian Spustek
- Students’ Research Group of Poultry Biology, Breeding and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Krakowiak
- Students’ Research Group of Poultry Biology, Breeding and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract
More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.
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Sozbilen GS, Yemenicioğlu A. Antilisterial effects of lysozyme-nisin combination at temperature and pH ranges optimal for lysozyme activity: Test of key findings to inactivate Listeria in raw milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kavur PB, Yemenicioğlu A. An innovative design and application of natural antimicrobial gelatin based filling to control risk of listeriosis from caramel apples. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keykhosravy K, Khanzadi S, Hashemi M, Azizzadeh M. Chitosan-loaded nanoemulsion containing Zataria Multiflora Boiss and Bunium persicum Boiss essential oils as edible coatings: Its impact on microbial quality of turkey meat and fate of inoculated pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:904-913. [PMID: 32057880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was targeted to investigate the effect of chitosan-loaded nanoemulsion enriched with two types of essential oils on the microbial quality of turkey meat. To this end, the effects of essential oils of Zataria Multiflora Boiss (ZEO) and Bunium persicum Boiss (BEO) were evaluated at two concentrations (0.5% and 1% (w/v)) during 18 days of storage at 4 °C. Initially, in vitro evaluations were performed on the prepared nanoemulsions, namely essential oil nanoemulsions and chitosan-loaded nanoemulsions containing essential oils, using micro-dilution method and agar diffusion methods, respectively. Meat samples were analyzed for microbial indicators and inoculated salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes during 3-day intervals. The highest reduction rate of total viable bacteria (2.06 log CFU/g), total psychrophilic (2.59 log CFU/g), Pseudomonas spp. (2.07 log CFU/g), Enterobacteriaceae (2.51 log CFU/g), lactic acid bacteria (2.51 log CFU/g), and yeast and mold count (2.10 log CFU/g) were observed in chitosan-loaded nanoemulsion containing ZEO 1%, in comparison with control samples. Moreover, the shelf life significantly increased due to the application of chitosan-loaded nanoemulsions (15-18 days), compared to that of the control group (6 days). Therefore, the edible chitosan-based nanoemulsion could play an effective role in the preservation of the microbial qualities of turkey meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Keykhosravy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Khanzadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Mei J, Ma X, Xie J. Review on Natural Preservatives for Extending Fish Shelf Life. Foods 2019; 8:E490. [PMID: 31614926 PMCID: PMC6835557 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is extremely perishable as a result of rapid microbial growth naturally present in fish or from contamination. Synthetic preservatives are widely used in fish storage to extend shelf life and maintain quality and safety. However, consumer preferences for natural preservatives and concerns about the safety of synthetic preservatives have prompted the food industry to search natural preservatives. Natural preservatives from microorganisms, plants, and animals have been shown potential in replacing the chemical antimicrobials. Bacteriocins and organic acids from bacteria showed good antimicrobial activities against spoilage bacteria. Plant-derived antimicrobials could prolong fish shelf life and decrease lipid oxidation. Animal-derived antimicrobials also have good antimicrobial activities; however, their allergen risk should be paid attention. Moreover, some algae and mushroom species can also provide a potential source of new natural preservatives. Obviously, the natural preservatives could perform better in fish storage by combining with other hurdles such as non-thermal sterilization processing, modified atmosphere packaging, edible films and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China.
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Milojković JV, Lopičić ZR, Anastopoulos IP, Petrović JT, Milićević SZ, Petrović MS, Stojanović MD. Performance of aquatic weed - Waste Myriophyllum spicatum immobilized in alginate beads for the removal of Pb(II). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:97-109. [PMID: 30468962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new biosorbent - alginate encapsulated with Myriophyllum spicatum - MsA was investigated for lead ions removal. This biosorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), zeta potential, X ray Diffraction (XRD) and size distribution analysis. FT-IR analysis demonstrated that the lead ions sequestration mechanism included ion exchange and lead complexation with the carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in MsA. In order to better understand the mechanisms of the binding of Pb(II) on immobilized M. spicatum beads, 3 reaction and one diffusion based kinetic models were applied on kinetic data removal lead ions on three materials: M. spicatum, Ca-alginate and MsA. Myriophyllum spicatum encapsulated with alginate - MsA have higher adsorption capacity than M. spicatum. Among examined six isotherms Redlich-Peterson and the Langmuir isotherm model exhibited the best fit to the experimental data, with capacities ranging from 230 to 268.7 mg/g. Among the various tested desorption agents, nitric acid has proven to be the best. The obtained results suggest that the immobilized M. spicatum biosorbent holds great potential for lead wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena V Milojković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zorica R Lopičić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ioannis P Anastopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Jelena T Petrović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Z Milićević
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija S Petrović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana D Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
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Senturk Parreidt T, Müller K, Schmid M. Alginate-Based Edible Films and Coatings for Food Packaging Applications. Foods 2018; 7:E170. [PMID: 30336642 PMCID: PMC6211027 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a naturally occurring polysaccharide used in the bio industry. It is mainly derived from brown algae species. Alginate-based edible coatings and films attract interest for improving/maintaining quality and extending the shelf-life of fruit, vegetable, meat, poultry, seafood, and cheese by reducing dehydration (as sacrificial moisture agent), controlling respiration, enhancing product appearance, improving mechanical properties, etc. This paper reviews the most recent essential information about alginate-based edible coatings. The categorization of alginate-based coatings/film in food packaging concept is formed gradually with the explanation of the most important titles. Emphasis will be placed on active ingredients incorporated into alginate-based formulations, edible coating/film application methods, research and development studies of coated food products and mass transfer and barrier characteristics of the alginate-based coatings/films. Future trends are also reviewed to identify research gaps and recommend new research areas. The summarized information presented in this article will enable researchers to thoroughly understand the fundamentals of the coating process and to develop alginate-based edible films and coatings more readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Senturk Parreidt
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kajetan Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Science Kempten, Bahnhofstraße 61, 87435 Kempten, Germany.
| | - Markus Schmid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany.
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11
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Milojković JV, Popović-Djordjević JB, Pezo LL, Brčeski ID, Kostić AŽ, Milošević VD, Stojanović MD. Applying multi-criteria analysis for preliminary assessment of the properties of alginate immobilized Myriophyllum spicatum in lake water samples. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:163-171. [PMID: 29783169 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary assessment of the properties of alginate immobilized aquatic weed Myriophyllum spicatum beads-MsAlg in a multi-element system of nine Serbian lakes water samples was done. Herein, the results obtained in the biosorption experiment with MsAlg contents of twenty-two elements analysed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, biosorption capacity, element removal efficiency, total hardness (TH) and quality index of water (WQI) are presented. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for the characterization of M. spicatum and its beads. The study showed that aluminium, magnesium and strontium were adsorbed by MsAlg in the water samples from all examined lakes; barium and iron in the water samples from six lakes. The overall average efficiency of MsAlg in biosorption of elements was in the following order: Al > Ba > Sr > Fe > Mg (58.6, 51.7, 48.2, 23.9 and 17.7%, respectively). The increase of TH and WQI values after the biosorption was noticed in all studied lake water samples. The most significant correlations for pH were regarding the contents of B, Mg and Ca, whereas WQI was highly correlated to the contents of B and Mg, and pH. The complexity of the obtained data was explained by Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, which showed good discrimination capabilities between the water samples taken from different locations. Considering that the invasive M. spicatum is natural, widespread and that its immobilization is cheap and eco-friendly, presented findings could be helpful in further assessment of MsAlg beads for its potential use as biofilter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena V Milojković
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena B Popović-Djordjević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lato L Pezo
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12 - 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija D Brčeski
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan D Milošević
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana D Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, 86 Franchet d'Esperey St., Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Yu D, Regenstein JM, Xia W. Bio-based edible coatings for the preservation of fishery products: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2481-2493. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1457623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Biopolymer Composite Materials with Antimicrobial Effects Applied to the Food Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66417-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sharifi F, Khanzadi S, Hashemi M, Azizzadeh M. Control of Listeria Monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Inoculated on Fish Fillets Using Alginate Coating Containing Lactoperoxidase System and Zataria multiflora Boiss Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1375057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Sharifi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Khanzadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Moraïs S, Cockburn DW, Ben-David Y, Koropatkin NM, Martens EC, Duncan SH, Flint HJ, Mizrahi I, Bayer EA. Lysozyme activity of theRuminococcus champanellensiscellulosome. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:5112-5122. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moraïs
- Biomolecular Sciences Department; The Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Darrell W. Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Yonit Ben-David
- Biomolecular Sciences Department; The Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Nicole M. Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Eric C. Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Sylvia H. Duncan
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - Harry J. Flint
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- The Department of Life Sciences & the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Edward A. Bayer
- Biomolecular Sciences Department; The Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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16
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Schelegueda LI, Delcarlo SB, Gliemmo MF, Campos CA. Effect of antimicrobial mixtures and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) burgers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Phongphakdee K, Nitisinprasert S. Combination Inhibition Activity of Nisin and Ethanol on the Growth Inhibition of Pathogenic Gram Negative Bacteria and Their Application as Disinfectant Solution. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2241-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komsan Phongphakdee
- Specialized Research Unit of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart Univ; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Specialized Research Unit of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart Univ; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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18
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Cheng C, Arritt F, Stevenson C. ControllingListeria monocytogenesin Cold Smoked Salmon with the Antimicrobial Peptide Salmine. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M1314-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cheng
- North Carolina State Univ; Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; 116A Schaub Hall, Campus Box 7624 Raleigh NC 27695-7624 U.S.A
| | - Fletcher Arritt
- North Carolina State Univ; Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; 116A Schaub Hall, Campus Box 7624 Raleigh NC 27695-7624 U.S.A
| | - Clinton Stevenson
- North Carolina State Univ; Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; 116A Schaub Hall, Campus Box 7624 Raleigh NC 27695-7624 U.S.A
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19
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Active and intelligent packaging systems for a modern society. Meat Sci 2014; 98:404-19. [PMID: 25034453 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Active and intelligent packaging systems are continuously evolving in response to growing challenges from a modern society. This article reviews: (1) the different categories of active and intelligent packaging concepts and currently available commercial applications, (2) latest packaging research trends and innovations, and (3) the growth perspectives of the active and intelligent packaging market. Active packaging aiming at extending shelf life or improving safety while maintaining quality is progressing towards the incorporation of natural active agents into more sustainable packaging materials. Intelligent packaging systems which monitor the condition of the packed food or its environment are progressing towards more cost-effective, convenient and integrated systems to provide innovative packaging solutions. Market growth is expected for active packaging with leading shares for moisture absorbers, oxygen scavengers, microwave susceptors and antimicrobial packaging. The market for intelligent packaging is also promising with strong gains for time-temperature indicator labels and advancements in the integration of intelligent concepts into packaging materials.
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Neetoo H, Mahomoodally F. Use of antimicrobial films and edible coatings incorporating chemical and biological preservatives to control growth of Listeria monocytogenes on cold smoked salmon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:534915. [PMID: 25089272 PMCID: PMC4096007 DOI: 10.1155/2014/534915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relatively high incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon (CSS) is of concern as it is a refrigerated processed food of extended durability (REPFED). The objectives of this study were to compare and optimize the antimicrobial effectiveness of films and coatings incorporating nisin (Nis) and sodium lactate (SL), sodium diacetate (SD), potassium sorbate (PS), and/or sodium benzoate (SB) in binary or ternary combinations on CSS. Surface treatments incorporating Nis (25000 IU/mL) in combination with PS (0.3%) and SB (0.1%) had the highest inhibitory activity, reducing the population of L. monocytogenes by a maximum of 3.3 log CFU/cm(2) (films) and 2.9 log CFU/cm(2) (coatings) relative to control samples after 10 days of storage at 21°C. During refrigerated storage, coatings were more effective in inhibiting growth of L. monocytogenes than their film counterparts. Cellulose-based coatings incorporating Nis, PS, and SB reduced the population of L. monocytogenes, and anaerobic and aerobic spoilage flora by a maximum of 4.2, 4.8, and 4.9 log CFU/cm(2), respectively, after 4 weeks of refrigerated storage. This study highlights the effectiveness of cellulose-based edible coatings incorporating generally regarded as safe (GRAS) natural and chemical antimicrobials to inhibit the development of L. monocytogenes and spoilage microflora thus enhancing the safety and quality of CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudaa Neetoo
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
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Fabra MJ, Sánchez-González L, Chiralt A. Lysozyme release from isolate pea protein and starch based films and their antimicrobial properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Application of active zein-based films with controlled release properties to control Listeria monocytogenes growth and lipid oxidation in fresh Kashar cheese. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim M, Park M, Jeong Y. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from filipino venus, Ruditapes philippinarum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tammineni N, Ünlü G, Min SC. Development of antimicrobial potato peel waste-based edible films with oregano essential oil to inhibitListeria monocytogeneson cold-smoked salmon. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nageshwar Tammineni
- School of Food Science; University of Idaho; 606 Rayburn Street; Moscow; ID; 83844-2312; USA
| | - Gülhan Ünlü
- School of Food Science; University of Idaho; 606 Rayburn Street; Moscow; ID; 83844-2312; USA
| | - Sea C. Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Seoul Women's University; 621 Hwarangro; Nowon-gu; Seoul; 139-774; Korea
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Labbé R, Rahmati T. Growth of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus on salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). J Food Prot 2012; 75:1153-6. [PMID: 22691488 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the widespread presence of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in marine foods. In view of the widespread consumption of raw fish, we sought to determine the ability of this organism to grow on the surface of wild Alaskan salmon at abusive temperatures (12, 16, and 20°C), using an isolate able to produce elevated levels of hemolysin BL enterotoxin and nonhemolytic enterotoxin. An incubation temperature of 37°C for colony formation was found to be selective for B. cereus grown on salmon held for up to 24 h at each temperature. A fivefold increase in log CFU per gram was observed after 26 and 22 h at 16 and 20°C, respectively, while a >4-log CFU/g increase occurred on salmon held at 12°C for 48 h. Generation times of 169.7, 53.5, and 45.6 min were observed at 12, 16, and 20°C. Nonhemolytic enterotoxin was detected when levels of B. cereus were in excess of 10(8) CFU/g. Nisin, at concentrations of 1 and 15 m g/g of salmon, reduced levels of B. cereus 2.5- and 25-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that fresh salmon can serve as an excellent substrate for enterotoxigenic B. cereus and that this organism can reach levels associated with foodborne illness following moderate temperature abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Labbé
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, 102 Holdsworth Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Chalón MC, Acuña L, Morero RD, Minahk CJ, Bellomio A. Membrane-active bacteriocins to control Salmonella in foods. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Azeredo HMC, Magalhães US, Oliveira SA, Ribeiro HL, Brito ES, De Moura MR. Tensile and water vapour properties of calcium-crosslinked alginate-cashew tree gum films. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ye M, Neetoo H, Chen H. Prior frozen storage enhances the effect of edible coatings against Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon during subsequent refrigerated storage. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:865-76. [PMID: 21794035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Listeria monocytogenes is a major safety concern for ready-to-eat foods. The overall objective of this study was to investigate whether prior frozen storage could enhance the efficacy of edible coatings against L. monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon during subsequent refrigerated storage. METHODS AND RESULTS A formulation consisting of sodium lactate (SL, 1·2-2·4%) and sodium diacetate (SD, 0·125-0·25%) or 2·5% Opti.Form (a commercial formulation of SL and SD) was incorporated into each of five edible coatings: alginate, κ-carrageenan, pectin, gelatin and starch. The coatings were applied onto the surface of cold-smoked salmon slices inoculated with L. monocytogenes at a level of 500 CFU cm⁻². In the first phase, the slices were first frozen at -18°C for 6 days and stored at 22°C for 6 days. Alginate, gelatin and starch appeared to be the most effective carriers. In the second phase, cold-smoked salmon slices were inoculated with L. monocytogenes, coated with alginate, gelatin or starch with or without the antimicrobials and stored frozen at -18°C for 12 months. Every 2 months, samples were removed from the freezer and kept at 4°C for 30 days. Prior frozen storage at -18°C substantially enhanced the antilisterial efficacy of the edible coatings with or without antimicrobials during the subsequent refrigerated storage. CONCLUSIONS Plain coatings with ≥ 2 months frozen storage and antimicrobial edible coatings represent an effective intervention to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the conjunct application of frozen storage and edible coatings to control the growth of L. monocytogenes to enhance the microbiological safety of cold-smoked salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ye
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Efficacy of freezing, frozen storage and edible antimicrobial coatings used in combination for control of Listeria monocytogenes on roasted turkey stored at chiller temperatures. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1394-401. [PMID: 21839391 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence and growth of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat (RTE) turkey is an important food safety issue. The antilisterial efficacy of four polysaccharide-based edible coatings (starch, chitosan, alginate and pectin) incorporating sodium lactate (SL) and sodium diacetate (SD) as well as commercial preparations Opti.Form PD4, NovaGARD™ CB1, Protect-M and Guardian™ NR100 were compared against L. monocytogenes on roasted turkey. Pectin coating treatments incorporating SL/SD, Opti.Form PD4 with or without Protect-M, and NovaGARD™ CB1 displayed higher antimicrobial efficacy against. L. monocytogenes than the other antimicrobials and coating materials. In the second phase of the study, it was investigated whether frozen storage could enhance the antilisterial effectiveness of pectin coating treatments on chilled roasted turkey. Inoculated roasted turkey samples coated with pectin-based treatments were frozen for up to 4 weeks and subsequently stored at 4 °C for 8 weeks. Frozen storage significantly enhanced the antilisterial activity of various coating treatments; with selected treatments reducing the L. monocytogenes populations by as much as 1.1 log CFU/cm(2) during the subsequent 8-week chilled storage. This study demonstrates that pectin-based antimicrobial edible coatings hold promise in enhancing the safety of RTE poultry products and frozen storage has the potential to enhance their effectiveness.
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Ünalan İU, Korel F, Yemenicioğlu A. Active packaging of ground beef patties by edible zein films incorporated with partially purified lysozyme and Na2EDTA. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Food applications of bacterial cell wall hydrolases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 22:164-71. [PMID: 21093250 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell wall hydrolases (BCWHs) display a remarkable structural and functional diversity that offers perspectives for novel food applications, reaching beyond those of the archetype BCWH and established biopreservative hen egg white lysozyme. Insights in BCWHs from bacteriophages to animals have provided concepts for tailoring BCWHs to target specific pathogens or spoilage bacteria, or, conversely, to expand their working range to Gram-negative bacteria. Genetically modified foods expressing BCWHs in situ showed successful, but face regulatory and ethical concerns. An interesting spin-off development is the use of cell wall binding domains of bacteriophage BCWHs for detection and removal of foodborne pathogens. Besides for improving food safety or stability, BCWHs may also find use as functional food ingredients with specific health effects.
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Xue Q, Hellberg ME, Schey KL, Itoh N, Eytan RI, Cooper RK, La Peyre JF. A new lysozyme from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and a possible evolutionary pathway for i-type lysozymes in bivalves from host defense to digestion. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:213. [PMID: 20633278 PMCID: PMC3020801 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysozymes are enzymes that lyse bacterial cell walls, an activity widely used for host defense but also modified in some instances for digestion. The biochemical and evolutionary changes between these different functional forms has been well-studied in the c-type lysozymes of vertebrates, but less so in the i-type lysozymes prevalent in most invertebrate animals. Some bivalve molluscs possess both defensive and digestive lysozymes. RESULTS We report a third lysozyme from the oyster Crassostrea virginica, cv-lysozyme 3. The chemical properties of cv-lysozyme 3 (including molecular weight, isoelectric point, basic amino acid residue number, and predicted protease cutting sites) suggest it represents a transitional form between lysozymes used for digestion and immunity. The cv-lysozyme 3 protein inhibited the growth of bacteria (consistent with a defensive function), but semi-quantitative RT-PCR suggested the gene was expressed mainly in digestive glands. Purified cv-lysozyme 3 expressed maximum muramidase activity within a range of pH (7.0 and 8.0) and ionic strength (I = 0.005-0.01) unfavorable for either cv-lysozyme 1 or cv-lysozyme 2 activities. The topology of a phylogenetic analysis of cv-lysozyme 3 cDNA (full length 663 bp, encoding an open reading frame of 187 amino acids) is also consistent with a transitional condition, as cv-lysozyme 3 falls at the base of a monophyletic clade of bivalve lysozymes identified from digestive glands. Rates of nonsynonymous substitution are significantly high at the base of this clade, consistent with an episode of positive selection associated with the functional transition from defense to digestion. CONCLUSION The pattern of molecular evolution accompanying the shift from defensive to digestive function in the i-type lysozymes of bivalves parallels those seen for c-type lysozymes in mammals and suggests that the lysozyme paralogs that enhance the range of physiological conditions for lysozyme activity may provide stepping stones between defensive and digestive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Xue
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Michael E Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori Amamiya-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ron I Eytan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Richard K Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
| | - Jerome F La Peyre
- Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70830, USA
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Gálvez A, Abriouel H, Benomar N, Lucas R. Microbial antagonists to food-borne pathogens and biocontrol. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:142-8. [PMID: 20149633 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Application of natural antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins) combined with novel technologies provides new opportunities for the control of pathogenic bacteria, improving food safety and quality. Bacteriocin-activated films and/or in combination with food processing technologies (high-hydrostatic pressure, high-pressure homogenization, in-package pasteurization, food irradiation, pulsed electric fields, or pulsed light) may increase microbial inactivation and avoid food cross-contamination. Bacteriocin variants developed by genetic engineering and novel bacteriocins with broader inhibitory spectra offer new biotechnological opportunities. In-farm application of bacteriocins, bacterial protective cultures, or bacteriophages, can decrease the incidence of food-borne pathogens in livestock, animal products and fresh produce items, reducing the risks for transmission through the food chain. Biocontrol of fungi, parasitic protozoa and viruses is still a pending issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gálvez
- Area de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Synergistic effects of the Lactobacillus acidophilus surface layer and nisin on bacterial growth. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:974-7. [PMID: 19948852 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01427-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described a murein hydrolase activity for the surface layer (S-layer) of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Here we show that, in combination with nisin, this S-layer acts synergistically to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Gram-negative Salmonella enterica and potential pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. In addition, bacteriolytic effects were observed for the Gram-positive species tested. We postulate that the S-layer enhances the access of nisin into the cell membrane by enabling it to cross the cell wall, while nisin provides the sudden ion-nonspecific dissipation of the proton motive force required to enhance the S-layer murein hydrolase activity.
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Bioactive alginate coatings to control Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon slices and fillets. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 136:326-31. [PMID: 19861230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The relatively high incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon (CSS) is of concern as CSS is a ready-to-eat product. No post-processing measures are currently available to control this pathogen in CSS. The objective of this study was to develop an effective antimicrobial edible coating containing organic salts to control the growth of L. monocytogenes in CSS slices and fillets. An in-house made formulation consisting of sodium lactate (SL, 0-2.4%) and sodium diacetate (SD, 0-0.25%) as well as 2.5% OptiForm (a commercial formulation of SL and SD) were incorporated into five edible coatings: alginate, kappa-carrageenan, pectin, gelatin or starch. The coatings were applied onto the surface of CSS slices inoculated with L. monocytogenes to an inoculum level of 500 CFU/cm(2) ( approximately 3 log CFU/g) and stored at room temperature (22 degrees C) for 6 days. Alginate coating was found to be the most effective carrier for the various antimicrobial treatments in inhibiting the growth of L. monocytogenes. In the second phase of the study, CSS slices and fillets inoculated with the pathogen at a level of 500 CFU/cm(2) were coated with alginate incorporating the in-house made and the commercial (OptiForm) SL/SD based formulations and stored for 30 days at 4 degrees C. When cold-smoked salmon slices and fillets were stored at 4 degrees C, alginate coatings supplemented with 2.4%SL/0.25%SD and the commercial product OptiForm significantly delayed the growth of L. monocytogenes during the 30-day storage with final counts reaching 4.1 and 3.3 log CFU/g (slices) and 4.4 and 3.8 log CFU/g (fillets), respectively, while the counts in their untreated counterparts were significantly higher (P<0.05) reaching 7.3 and 6.8 log CFU/g for slices and fillets, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of using an alginate-based coating containing lactate and diacetate to control the growth of L. monocytogenes to enhance the microbiological safety of filleted and sliced smoked salmon.
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