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Mohammad Azmin SNH, Mat Nor MS. Chemical fingerprint of Centella Asiatica’s bioactive compounds in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Foshati S, Ekramzadeh M. Thylakoids: A Novel Food-Derived Supplement for Obesity - A Mini-Review. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:169-178. [PMID: 30829138 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, overweight and obesity are major epidemic health problems that can bring about some other health issues such as cardiovascular disease which is the first cause of mortality worldwide. Thylakoids are disc-like membranes responsible for photosynthetic light reactions in chloroplasts of green plants. Although only a few animal and human studies have been conducted regarding the impact of thylakoids on overweight- and obesity-related factors, all of them have resulted in positive outcomes. These outcomes are as follows: increment of satiety response; suppression of hunger sensations, particularly hedonic hunger; reduction of body weight and fat; promotion of glucose homeostasis; decrease in serum lipids; attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation; and modulation of gut microbiota, notably by increasing some helpful bacteria such as Lactobacillus reuteri. It seems that some of these useful effects are related to retarded absorption of dietary fat and carbohydrate caused by thylakoids. There is still a need for more well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Foshati
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Alqahtani A, Cho JL, Wong KH, Li KM, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Li GQ. Differentiation of Three Centella Species in Australia as Inferred from Morphological Characteristics, ISSR Molecular Fingerprinting and Phytochemical Composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1980. [PMID: 29209345 PMCID: PMC5702339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is one of the popular herbs used for inflammatory and neural conditions. Its differentiation from similar species is currently lacking. The aims of this study were to differentiate the three closely related Centella species using methods based on morphological characters, genetic biodiversity, phytochemical compositions and antioxidant activities. According to the morphological characteristics, the collected samples were identified as three species: C. asiatica, Centella cordifolia and Centella erecta and clustered into three groups based on their morphometric variability. Dendogram constructed on the basis of the intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) analyses were consistent with the morphological grouping. Centella cordifolia had the highest triterpene glycosides, phenolics and antioxidant capacity, followed by C. asiatica, then C. erecta, therefore, was genetically and chemically closer to C. asiatica, while C. erecta was distinctively different from them. The results confirm the occurrence of the closely related three species of Centella in Australia, and the differentiation among them can be achieved via the combination of morphometric, molecular and phytochemical methods. This first comparative botanical study on Centella species provides a foundation for further systematic study and medicinal development of Centella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun-Lae Cho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ka Ho Wong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kong M. Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Science and Health, National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - George Q. Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Alqahtani A, Tongkao-on W, Li KM, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chan K, Li GQ. Seasonal Variation of Triterpenes and Phenolic Compounds in Australian Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:436-443. [PMID: 26219274 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Specific triterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids in Centella asiatica have been found to be bioactive. Harvesting the plant when these putative bioactive compounds are at their highest concentrations would provide consistency in their chemical profile, thus ensuring the quality and efficacy of derived medicinal products. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the impact of harvesting time on the contents of major triterpenoid and phenolic compounds in C. asiatica. METHODOLOGY Australian C. asiatica was collected from a designated area in different months. The principal triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid), flavonoid compounds (rutin, quercetin and kaempferol) and chlorogenic acid were quantitatively determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. RESULTS Triterpenoid, kaempferol and chlorogenic acid content showed significant variation (p < 0.05) in different collecting months. The total content of the four triterpenes reached its highest levels in January and February (83.15 ± 0.16 mg/g and 78.41 ± 0.16 mg/g, respectively), the summer season of the southern hemisphere, and their lowest values in winter (June) and spring (October) seasons (35.65 ± 0.20 and 35.50 ± 0.55 mg/g, respectively). Similarly, the contents of chlorogenic acid and kaempferol were the highest in December and January (1.62 ± 0.01 and 0.33 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively), and the lowest in June (0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively). CONCLUSION The results indicate that harvesting C. asiatica in summer returns the highest yield of the target triterpenoids, kaempferol and chlorogenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Wannit Tongkao-on
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kong M Li
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - George Q Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Effect of Centella asiatica Leaf Extract on the Dietary Supplementation in Transgenic Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2014; 2014:262058. [PMID: 25538856 PMCID: PMC4265550 DOI: 10.1155/2014/262058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of Centella asiatica L. leaf extract was studied on the transgenic Drosophila model flies expressing normal human alpha synuclein (h-αS) in the neurons. The leaf extract was prepared in acetone and was subjected to GC-MS analysis. C. asiatica extract at final concentration of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 μL/mL was mixed with the diet and the flies were allowed feeding on it for 24 days. The effect of extract was studied on the climbing ability, activity pattern, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, glutathione content, and glutathione-S-transferase activity in the brains of transgenic Drosophila. The exposure of extract to PD model flies results in a significant delay in the loss of climbing ability and activity pattern and reduced the oxidative stress (P < 0.05) in the brains of PD flies as compared to untreated PD flies. The results suggest that C. asiatica leaf extract is potent in reducing the PD symptoms in transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease.
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Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I, Rahim NAA, Ebrahimi M, Meng GY. Effects of two herbal extracts and virginiamycin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microflora population and Fatty Acid composition in broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:375-82. [PMID: 25049964 PMCID: PMC4093267 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The competency of garlic and pennywort to improve broiler chicken growth and influence intestinal microbial communities and fatty acid composition of breast meat were studied. Two hundred forty, "day-old" chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups consisting of 6 replications of 10 chicks in each pen. The groups were assigned to receive treatment diets as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) basal diet plus 0.5% garlic powder (GP), iii) basal diet plus 0.5% pennywort powder (PW) and iv) 0.002% virginiamycin (VM). Birds were killed at day 42 and intestinal samples were collected to assess for Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli. The pectoralis profundus from chicken breast samples was obtained from 10 birds from each treatment group on day 42 and frozen at -20°C for further analyses. Fatty acid profile of breast muscles was determined using gas liquid chromatography. Feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed with GP, PW, and VM were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Feeding chicks GP, PW, and VM significantly reduced Escherichia coli count (p<0.05) while Lactobacillus spp count were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the gut when compared to control group on day 42. Supplemented diet containing pennywort increased the C18:3n-3 fatty acid composition of chickens' breast muscle. Garlic and pennywort may be useful in modulating broiler guts as they control the enteropathogens that help to utilize feed efficiently. This subsequently enhances the growth performances of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | | | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
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Mitoprotective effect of Centella asiatica against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible relevance to its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis mechanism. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:1403-9. [PMID: 23224641 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress has been well documented in various cognitive-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Aluminum is a neurotoxic metal that may be involved in the progression of neurodegenerative processes. The antioxidant and memory enhancing effects of Centella asiatica (CA) are well known in the last few decades. Therefore, the present study has been designed to explore the neuroprotective effect of CA on chronic aluminum exposure induced mitochondrial enzyme alteration, oxidative stress, apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction in rat. Aluminum (100 mg/kg) and CA (150 and 300 mg/kg) were administered daily for a period of 6 weeks in male Wistar rats. Various behavioral, biochemical and cellular estimations and aluminum concentration were assessed. Chronic aluminum administration resulted in memory impairment and caused marked oxidative damage associated with mitochondria impairment. It also caused a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, acetylcholine esterase activity and aluminum concentration in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat brain. Chronic administration of CA significantly improved memory performance, oxidative defense decreased aluminum concentration, caspase-3, acetylcholinestrease activity and reversal of mitochondrial enzyme activity as compared to aluminum-treated animals. Results of the study demonstrate neuroprotective potential of CA against aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction and mito- oxidative damage.
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Ariffin F, Heong Chew S, Bhupinder K, Karim AA, Huda N. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of fermented Centella asiatica herbal teas. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2731-2739. [PMID: 21987075 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C. asiatica was exposed to various fermentations: no fermentation (0 min), partial fermentation (120 min) and full fermentation (24 h). Total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of C. asiatica infusions were studied as a function of water temperature (60, 80 or 100 °C), the brewing stage (one, two or three) and the brewing time (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20 min). The optimum brewing procedure was adopted to study the antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds in C. asiatica infusions. RESULTS The optimum extraction efficiency of C. asiatica infusions was achieved at 100 °C after a 10 min brewing time, and decreased substantially after applying multiple brewing steeps. However, no significant different was found between the second and third infusions. The non-fermented C. asiatica (CANF) infusion had the highest antioxidant activity. Gallic acid, naringin, chlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, rosmarinic acid and quercetin were identified to present. Luteolin and kaempferol were only found in 80% methanol extraction method. CONCLUSION C. asiatica herbal teas should be prepared at 100 °C for 10 min to obtain the optimum antioxidant capacity. Multiple brewing steps in C. asiatica herbal tea are encouraged due to the certain amount of antioxidant obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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