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Yang R, Dong Y, Gao F, Li J, Stevanovic ZD, Li H, Shi L. Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites of Four Medicinal Thyme Species Used in Folk Medicine and Their Antioxidant Activities In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062582. [PMID: 36985554 PMCID: PMC10052123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyme is a colloquial term for number of aromatic species belonging to the genus Thymus L., known for their expressed biological activities and therefore used worldwide for seasoning and in folk medicine. In the present paper, the content of the total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the extracts of four traditionally used thyme species. Moreover, a comprehensive metabolomic study of thyme bioactive compounds was performed, and the obtained data were processed using multivariate statistical tests. The results clearly demonstrated the positive correlation between the content of the TP, TF, and antioxidant activity, and TF was more significant than TP. The findings revealed that four selected thyme species contained 528 secondary metabolites, including 289 flavonoids and 146 phenolic acids. Thymus marschallianus had a higher concentration of active ingredients, which improve its antioxidant capacity. Differentially accumulated metabolites were formed by complex pathways such as flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, isoflavonoid, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Correlation analysis showed that 59 metabolites (including 28 flavonoids, 18 phenolic acids, and 7 terpenoid compounds) were significantly correlated with obtained values of the antioxidant capacity. The results suggested that selected thyme species exhibit a great diversity in antioxidant-related components, whereas flavonoids may be responsible for the high antioxidant capacity of all studied thyme species. The present study greatly expands our understanding of the complex phytochemical profiles and related applications of selected medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Zora Dajic Stevanovic
- Department of Agrobotany, University of Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Zemun, Serbia;
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (R.Y.); (Y.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.S.)
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Ielciu I, Filip GA, Oniga I, Olah NK, Bâldea I, Olteanu D, Burtescu RF, Turcuș V, Sevastre-Berghian AC, Benedec D, Hanganu D. Oxidative Stress and DNA Lesion Reduction of a Polyphenolic Enriched Extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. in Endothelial Vascular Cells Exposed to Hyperglycemia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122810. [PMID: 34961280 PMCID: PMC8708594 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare two polyphenolic-enriched extracts obtained from the Thymus marschallianus Willd. (Lamiaceae) species, harvested from culture (TMCE in doses of 0.66 μg GAE/mL and 0.066 μg GAE/mL) and from spontaneous flora (TMSE in doses of 0.94 μg GAE/mL and 0.094 μg GAE/mL) by assessing their biological effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to normoglycemic (137 mmol/L glucose) and hyperglycemic conditions (200 mmol/L glucose). Extracts were obtained by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by chromatographical (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometrical methods. Their effects on hyperglycemia were evaluated by the quantification of oxidative stress and NF-ĸB, pNF-ĸB, HIF-1α, and γ-H2AX expressions. The HPLC-DAD analysis highlighted significant amounts of rosmarinic acid (ranging between 0.18 and 1.81 mg/g dry extract), luteolin (ranging between 2.04 and 17.71 mg/g dry extract), kaempferol (ranging between 1.85 and 7.39 mg/g dry extract), and apigenin (ranging between 4.97 and 65.67 mg/g dry extract). Exposure to hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress and the activation of NF-ĸ increased the expression of HIF-1α and produced DNA lesions. The polyphenolic-enriched extracts proved a significant reduction of oxidative stress and γ-H2AX formation and improved the expression of HIF-1α, suggesting their protective role on endothelial cells in hyperglycemia. The tested extracts reduced the total NF-ĸB expression and diminished its activation in hyperglycemic conditions. The obtained results bring evidence for the use of the polyphenolic-enriched extracts of T. marschallianus as adjuvants in hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.); (I.O.)
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.); (I.O.)
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | | | - Violeta Turcuș
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alexandra C. Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
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Hussain MA, Sumon TA, Mazumder SK, Ali MM, Jang WJ, Abualreesh MH, Sharifuzzaman S, Brown CL, Lee HT, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Essential oils and chitosan as alternatives to chemical preservatives for fish and fisheries products: A review. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Phytochemical Fingerprinting and In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Aerial Parts of Thymus marschallianus Willd. and Thymus seravschanicus Klokov Growing Widely in Southern Kazakhstan. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113193. [PMID: 34073499 PMCID: PMC8198081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extracts (60% v/v) from the aerial parts of Thymus marschallianus Willd (TM) and Thymus seravschanicus Klokov (TS) from Southern Kazakhstan flora was analyzed together with their hexane fractions. Determination of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of both extracts was also performed. RP-HPLC/PDA and HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS showed that there were some differences between the composition of both extracts. The most characteristic components of TM were rosmarinic acid, protocatechuic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, while protocatechuic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, and eriodictyol predominated in TS. The content of polyplenols was higher in TS than in TM. The GC-MS analysis of the volatile fraction of both examined extracts revealed the presence of thymol and carvacrol. Additionally, sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids, and their ethyl esters were found in TM, and fatty acid methyl esters in TS. The antioxidant activity of both extracts was similar. The antibacterial activity of TS extract was somewhat higher than TM, while antifungal activity was the same. TS extract was the most active against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) = 0.625 mg/mL, exerting a bactericidal effect. The obtained data provide novel information about the phytochemistry of both thyme species and suggest new potential application of TS as a source of bioactive compounds, especially with anti-H. pylori activity.
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Zhou S, Han C, Zhang C, Kuchkarova N, Wei C, Zhang C, Shao H. Allelopathic, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Effects of Thymus proximus Serg. Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689875. [PMID: 34211492 PMCID: PMC8239391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemical profile of Thymus proximus essential oil (EO) and its allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity was evaluated. Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected as the major components of the EO, representing 85.9% of the total oil. About 50 g fresh plant material of T. proximus in a 1.5-L air tight container completely inhibited the seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa anuua. Meanwhile, the EO exhibited potent phytotoxic activity, which resulted in 100% germination failure of both the test species when 2 mg/ml (for A. retroflexus) and 5 mg/ml (for Poa annua) oil was applied. The EO also triggered a significant insecticidal activity on Aphis gossypii with a LC50 value of 6.34 ppm. Carvacrol was identified as the main active compound responsible for both the plant suppressing effect and the insecticidal activity of the EO. Our study is the first on the allelopathic, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activity of T. proximus EO, and the determination of the responsible compound, which indicated their potential of being further explored as environment friendly biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Chenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nigora Kuchkarova
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Caixia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Zhang
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
- Hua Shao
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Seasonal Variability of Juniperus communis L. Berry Ethanol Extracts: 1. In Vitro Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184114. [PMID: 32916817 PMCID: PMC7571254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, total phenols and terpene contents in 70% ethanol extracts were evaluated. Samples of crushed (CB) and non-crushed ripe juniper berries (NCB) collected at five localities in North-East Slovakia during the years 2012-2014 were compared. Standard or modified methods for determining phytochemical and antioxidant activity were used together with a novel method for the evaluation of the results after the correction of the measured values per gram of dry matter (DM). Statistically significantly higher DM contents (average values for three years) were found in the CB extracts (ranging from 18.86 to 21.91 mg/mL) in comparison to those for NCB (ranging from 2.59 to 9.90 mg/mL). Depending on the localities and years, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ranged from 15.52 to 32.85% for NCB and from 65.59 to 88.12% for CB, respectively. The contents of total phenols ranged from 43.75 to 246.75 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L (NCB) and from 151.84 to 278.19 mg GAE/L (CB), respectively. However, the higher content of total phenols per gram of DM was found in the NCB extracts (8.49-42.23 mg GAE/g DM) and then in CB (6.87-18.77 GAE/g DM). The results obtained in this study showed a higher efficiency for extraction from juniper berries in 70% ethanol if the pericarp was disrupted in comparison to that achieved with the maceration of intact berries.
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Niculae M, Hanganu D, Oniga I, Benedec D, Ielciu I, Giupana R, Sandru CD, Ciocârlan N, Spinu M. Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Potential of Extracts Obtained from Thymus marschallianus Willd. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173101. [PMID: 31455036 PMCID: PMC6749499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus marschallianus Willd. is a Lamiaceae species spread in a large variety of habitats worldwide. The aim of the present research was to analyse two different samples belonging to this species, one obtained from the spontaneous flora and one from culture. The total polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acid contents were spectrophotometrically determined. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols was performed by an HPLC-DAD-ESI (+)-MS method. For the antibacterial assay, the well-diffusion and the broth microdilution methods were used. Analysis of polyphenols revealed for both samples the presence of flavonoids like luteolin, quercetin, apigenin and their derivatives, but also of rosmarinic acid and methyl-rosmarinate. Differences regarding the amount of these compounds were emphasized. Significantly larger amounts of flavonoids were found for the sample harvested in the spontaneous flora, while for the rosmarinic acid, larger amounts were found for the cultured sample. Both samples displayed promising antibacterial activity, particularly towards Gram positive organisms. T. marschallianus represents, therefore, a rich source of polyphenolic compounds that prove its promising potential as a medicinal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Radu Giupana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Dana Sandru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nina Ciocârlan
- Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, 2002 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Boskovic M, Glisic M, Djordjevic J, Starcevic M, Glamoclija N, Djordjevic V, Baltic MZ. Antioxidative Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oils and Their Effect on Oxidative Stability of Minced Pork Packaged Under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2467-2474. [PMID: 31449337 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant stability of minced pork treated with thyme and oregano essential oils (EOs) was determined. Minced pork containing different concentrations (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, or 0.9%) of thyme (TEO) or oregano essential oil (OEO) and packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere (MAP) (30%O2 /50%CO2 /20%N2 ) was evaluated within 15 days of refrigeration (3 ± 1 °C) storage. EOs were examined for scavenging capacity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radicals, and hydroxyl, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (butylated hydroxytoluene was used as positive controls). The order of antioxidative effectiveness was as follows: butylated hydroxytoluene > OEO > TEO, with significant differences between agents (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation in meat was determined by monitoring malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and lipolysis was assessed by measuring the acidity index immediately and after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of storage. EOs significantly (P < 0.05) increased the stability of minced pork with respect to lipid oxidation compared with the control, and the antioxidative effect was dose-dependent. Moreover, vacuum packaging resulted in mince with significantly lower oxidation and lipolysis levels than modified atmosphere packaged mince (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that both EOs examined effectively reduced lipid oxidation in raw pork mince after 2 weeks' storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The natural food preservatives market is growing rapidly, as is high demand for organic foods. These results are likely to be of interest to the scientists, researchers, and persons who work in the meat industry. Results and discussion can contribute to a better understanding of antioxidative properties of essential oils in food model. Furthermore, no study has reported the effect of these MAP on pork oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Boskovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Glisic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Djordjevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Starcevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Glamoclija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Djordjevic
- Inst. of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kacanskog 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Z Baltic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cocozza C, Perone A, Giordano C, Salvatici MC, Pignattelli S, Raio A, Schaub M, Sever K, Innes JL, Tognetti R, Cherubini P. Silver nanoparticles enter the tree stem faster through leaves than through roots. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1251-1261. [PMID: 31180506 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A major environmental pollution problem is the release into the atmosphere of particulate matter, including nanoparticles (NPs), which causes serious hazards to human and ecosystem health, particularly in urban areas. However, knowledge about the uptake, translocation and accumulation of NPs in plant tissues is almost completely lacking. The uptake of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their transport and accumulation in the leaves, stems and roots of three different tree species, downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.), were assessed. In the experiment, Ag-NPs were supplied separately to the leaves (via spraying, the foliar treatment) and roots (via watering, the root treatment) of the three species. Uptake, transport and accumulation of Ag were investigated through spectroscopy. The concentration of Ag in the stem was higher in the foliar than in the root treatment, and in poplar more than in oak and pine. Foliar treatment with Ag-NPs reduced aboveground biomass and stem length in poplars, but not in oaks or pines. Species-specific signals of oxidative stress were observed; foliar treatment of oak caused the accumulation of H2O2 in leaves, and both foliar and root treatments of poplar led to increased O2- in leaves. Ag-NPs affected leaf and root bacteria and fungi; in the case of leaves, foliar treatment reduced bacterial populations in oak and poplar and fungi populations in pine, and in the case of roots, root treatment reduced bacteria and increased fungi in poplar. Species-specific mechanisms of interaction, transport, allocation and storage of NPs in trees were found. We demonstrated definitively that NPs enter into the tree stem through leaves faster than through roots in all of the investigated tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cocozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, via San Bonaventura 13, Florence, Italy
| | - A Perone
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, c.da Fonte Lappone snc, Pesche, Italy
| | - C Giordano
- Istituto Valorizzazione Legno e Specie Arboree, IVALSA-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Firenze, Italy
| | - M C Salvatici
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Pignattelli
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, IPSP-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Raio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, IPSP-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Schaub
- WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - K Sever
- Department of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J L Innes
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via de Sanctis sns, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; 10
| | - P Cherubini
- WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada
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Zangeneh MM, Farzaei MH, Goodarzi N, Zangeneh A. Protection of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by Trachyspermum ammi essential oil in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gömöri C, Vidács A, Kerekes EB, Nacsa-Farkas E, Böszörményi A, Vágvölgyi C, Krisch J. Altered Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Forming Effect of Thyme Essential Oil due to Changes in Composition. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm forming effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) with different compositions was evaluated. Normally the main component in this TEO is thymol, but in 2014 we found that the proportions of γ-terpinene and p-cymene (the precursors in thymol biosynthesis) increased and that of thymol decreased. This altered composition led to changes in the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm forming capacity of the essential oil depending also on the type of microorganisms. In the case of bacteria, minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal (MBC) concentrations either decreased or increased. In the case of yeasts, minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) increased 4- and 8-fold for TEO containing p-cymene as the main component. On the contrary, MIC values decreased for all the tested moulds. Anti-biofilm forming activity of TEO containing p-cymene as its main component decreased in almost all cases and P. fluorescens biofilm forming capacity was even enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Gömöri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Anita Vidács
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Elvira Nacsa-Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacognosy, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
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Gómez F, Igual M, Pagán M, Camacho M. Changes in the microbiological and physicochemical quality during storage of osmotically dehydrated strawberry jam stabilized with plant extracts. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.730553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Gómez F, Igual M, Camacho M, Pagán M. Effect of the addition of plant extracts on the microbiota of minimally processed strawberry jam and its physicochemical and sensorial properties. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2012.712058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Antimicrobial activity of Thymus longicaulis C. Presl essential oil against respiratory pathogens. Open Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-012-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThymus longicaulis C. Presl is a small aromatic perennial herb used as a traditional remedy for cold, flu and cough. Composition of the essential oil of T. longicaulis from Croatia and its in vitro antimicrobial activity against the most common respiratory pathogens were evaluated. The yield of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial plant parts was 1.2%. According to the GC-MS analysis, a total of forty one compounds (99%) were identified. Thymol (46.3%), γ-terpinene (16.2%), thymyl methyl ether (11.4%), and p-cymene (9.4%) were the main components. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against six clinically isolated bacterial and yeast strains was determined using standard disc agar diffusion method and microdilution broth assay. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity towards all tested respiratory pathogens. The most sensitive strains were Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae(MIC=0.78 mg/mL), while Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant (MIC>25.00 mg/mL). Our results indicate that T. longicaulis essential oil could be effective against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens which have the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs.
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Saei-Dehkordi SS, Fallah AA, Saei-Dehkordi SS, Kousha S. Chemical Composition and Antioxidative Activity ofEchinophora platylobaDC. Essential Oil, and Its Interaction with Natural Antimicrobials against Food-Borne Pathogens and Spoilage Organisms. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M631-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Zeng WC, Zhang Z, Gao H, Jia LR, He Q. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil from Pine Needle (Cedrus deodara). J Food Sci 2012; 77:C824-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Abong GO, W. Okoth M, K. Imungi J, N. Kabira J. Effect of Packaging and Storage Temperature on the Shelf Life of Crisps from four Kenyan Potato Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2011.882.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from Gnaphlium affine. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1322-8. [PMID: 21414372 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil from Gnaphlium affine was determined, and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Twenty-four compounds, representing 94.95% of the amount of total oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Main constituents of the essential oil were found to be eugenol (18.24%), linalool (10.62%), trans-caryophyllene (8.86%), α-terpineol (5.97%), p-cymene (5.75%), hexadecanoic acid (5.63%), γ-cadinene (4.98%), δ-cadinene (4.22%), α-humulene (3.22%), and (-)-β-elemene (3.15%). The essential oil revealed a remarkable antimicrobial effect against the tested food-borne microorganisms with the MIC and MBC values in the ranges of 0.2-1.56 μg/ml and 0.39-3.13 μg/ml, respectively. The essential oil showed a potent antioxidant activity in ABTS radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and reducing power assay. It was suggested that the essential oil from G. affine may be a new potential source as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents applied in food systems.
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Miguel MG. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: a short review. Molecules 2010; 15:9252-87. [PMID: 21160452 PMCID: PMC6259136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are complex mixtures isolated from aromatic plants which may possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of interest in thye food and cosmetic industries as well as in the human health field. In this work, a review was done on the most recent publications concerning their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. At the same time a survey of the methods generally used for the evaluation of antioxidant activity and some of the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, IBB, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Ed. 8, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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