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Kanie S, Wu C, Kihira K, Yasuno R, Mitani Y, Ohmiya Y. Bioluminescence of ( R)-Cypridina Luciferin with Cypridina Luciferase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2699. [PMID: 38473946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cypridina luciferin (CypL) is a marine natural product that functions as the luminous substrate for the enzyme Cypridina luciferase (CypLase). CypL has two enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-CypL, due to its one chiral center at the sec-butyl moiety. Previous studies reported that (S)-CypL or racemic CypL with CypLase produced light, but the luminescence of (R)-CypL with CypLase has not been investigated. Here, we examined the luminescence of (R)-CypL, which had undergone chiral separation from the enantiomeric mixture, with a recombinant CypLase. Our luminescence measurements demonstrated that (R)-CypL with CypLase produced light, indicating that (R)-CypL must be considered as the luminous substrate for CypLase, as in the case of (S)-CypL, rather than a competitive inhibitor for CypLase. Additionally, we found that the maximum luminescence intensity from the reaction of (R)-CypL with CypLase was approximately 10 fold lower than that of (S)-CypL with CypLase, but our kinetic analysis of CypLase showed that the Km value of CypLase for (R)-CypL was approximately 3 fold lower than that for (S)-CypL. Furthermore, the chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the reaction mixture of racemic CypL with CypLase showed that (R)-CypL was consumed more slowly than (S)-CypL. These results indicate that the turnover rate of CypLase for (R)-CypL was lower than that for (S)-CypL, which caused the less efficient luminescence of (R)-CypL with CypLase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Kanie
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido Center, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Chun Wu
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Kansai Center, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Kihira
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan
| | - Rie Yasuno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Center, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido Center, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute, AIST, Kansai Center, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT), 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Chien JCY, Badr CE, Lai CP. Multiplexed bioluminescence-mediated tracking of DNA double-strand break repairs in vitro and in vivo. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3933-3953. [PMID: 34163064 PMCID: PMC9124064 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repairs including homology-directed repair and nonhomologous end joining play an important role in diseases and therapies. However, investigating DSB repair is typically a low-throughput and cross-sectional process, requiring disruption of cells and organisms for subsequent nuclease-, sequencing- or reporter-based assays. In this protocol, we provide instructions for establishing a bioluminescent repair reporter system using engineered Gaussia and Vargula luciferases for noninvasive tracking of homology-directed repair and nonhomologous end joining, respectively, induced by SceI meganuclease, SpCas9 or SpCas9 D10A nickase-mediated editing. We also describe complementation with orthogonal DSB repair assays and omics analyses to validate the reporter readouts. The bioluminescent repair reporter system provides longitudinal and rapid readout (~seconds per sample) to accurately and efficiently measure the efficacy of genome-editing tools and small-molecule modulators on DSB repair. This protocol takes ~2-4 weeks to establish, and as little as 2 h to complete the assay. The entire bioluminescent repair reporter procedure can be performed by one person with standard molecular biology expertise and equipment. However, orthogonal DNA repair assays would require a specialized facility that performs Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian E. Badr
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, United States,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Christian E. Badr, Tel: 1-617-643-3485; Fax: 1-617-724-1537; ; Charles P. Lai, Tel: 886-2-2366-8204; Fax: 886-2-2362-0200; . C.E.B and C.P.L contributed equally to this work
| | - Charles P. Lai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Christian E. Badr, Tel: 1-617-643-3485; Fax: 1-617-724-1537; ; Charles P. Lai, Tel: 886-2-2366-8204; Fax: 886-2-2362-0200; . C.E.B and C.P.L contributed equally to this work
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Kanie S, Komatsu M, Mitani Y. Luminescence of Cypridina Luciferin in the Presence of Human Plasma Alpha 1-Acid Glycoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207516. [PMID: 33053850 PMCID: PMC7588914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme Cypridina luciferase (CLase) enables Cypridina luciferin to emit light efficiently through an oxidation reaction. The catalytic mechanism on the substrate of CLase has been studied, but the details remain to be clarified. Here, we examined the luminescence of Cypridina luciferin in the presence of several proteins with drug-binding ability. Luminescence measurements showed that the mixture of human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (hAGP) and Cypridina luciferin produced light. The total value of the luminescence intensity over 60 s was over 12.6-fold higher than those in the presence of ovalbumin, human serum albumin, or bovine serum albumin. In the presence of heat-treated hAGP, the luminescence intensity of Cypridina luciferin was lower than in the presence of intact hAGP. Chlorpromazine, which binds to hAGP, showed an inhibitory effect on the luminescence of Cypridina luciferin, both in the presence of hAGP and a recombinant CLase. Furthermore, BlastP analysis showed that hAGP had partial amino acid sequence similarity to known CLases in the region including amino acid residues involved in the drug-binding ability of hAGP. These findings indicate enzymological similarity between hAGP and CLase and provide insights into both the enzymological understanding of CLase and development of a luminescence detection method for hAGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Kanie
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.M.); Tel.: +81-11-857-8410 (S.K.)
| | | | - Yasuo Mitani
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.M.); Tel.: +81-11-857-8410 (S.K.)
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Kotlobay AA, Kaskova ZM, Yampolsky IV. Palette of Luciferases: Natural Biotools for New Applications in Biomedicine. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:15-27. [PMID: 32742724 PMCID: PMC7385095 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoanalytical methods based on using genetically encoded bioluminescent enzymes, luciferases, allow one to obtain highly sensitive signals, are non-invasive, and require no external irradiation. Bioluminescence is based on the chemical reaction of oxidation of a low-molecular-weight substrate (luciferin) by atmospheric oxygen, which is catalyzed by an enzyme (luciferase). Relaxation of the luciferin oxidation product from its excited state is accompanied by a release of a quantum of light, which can be detected as an analytical signal. The ability to express luciferase genes in various heterological systems and high quantum yields of luminescence reactions have made these tools rather popular in biology and medicine. Among several naturally available luciferases, a few have been found to be useful for practical application. Luciferase size, the wavelength of its luminescence maximum, enzyme thermostability, optimal pH of the reaction, and the need for cofactors are parameters that may differ for luciferases from different groups of organisms, and this fact directly affects the choice of the application area for each enzyme. It is quite important to overview the whole range of currently available luciferases based on their biochemical properties before choosing one bioluminescent probe suitable for a specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Kotlobay
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - Z. M. Kaskova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. V. Yampolsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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5
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Effect of bulky aryl group on the optical properties of Cypridina oxyluciferin analogues. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Min CG, Liu QB, Leng Y, Magalhães CM, Huang SJ, Liu CX, Yang XK, da Silva LP. Mechanistic Insight into the Chemiluminescent Decomposition of Cypridina Dioxetanone and the Chemiluminescent, Fluorescent Properties of the Light Emitter of Cypridina Bioluminescence. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4393-4401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Gang Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Leng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Carla M. Magalhães
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Shao-Jun Huang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Liu
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Kun Yang
- Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Liu Q, Leng Y, Huang S, Liu C, Yang X, Ren A, Min C. The Fluorescent Properties of pH‐Independent Cypridina Oxyluciferin Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Bo Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and MeasurementKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 P. R. China
| | - Yan Leng
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Jun Huang
- Research Center for Analysis and MeasurementKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Xia Liu
- Research Center for Analysis and MeasurementKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 P. R. China
| | - Xi‐Kun Yang
- Research Center for Analysis and MeasurementKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Min Ren
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130023 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Gang Min
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Research Center for Analysis and MeasurementKunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 P. R. China
- Analysis and Test Center of Yunnan Province Kunming 650093 P. R. China
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Hensley NM, Ellis EA, Gerrish GA, Torres E, Frawley JP, Oakley TH, Rivers TJ. Phenotypic evolution shaped by current enzyme function in the bioluminescent courtship signals of sea fireflies. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182621. [PMID: 30963873 PMCID: PMC6367180 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating behaviours are diverse and noteworthy, especially within species radiations where they may contribute to speciation. Studying how differences in mating behaviours arise between species can help us understand how diversity is generated at multiple biological levels. The bioluminescent courtship displays of cypridinid ostracods (or sea fireflies) are an excellent system for this because amazing variety evolves while using a conserved biochemical mechanism. We find that the evolution of one aspect in this behavioural phenotype-the duration of bioluminescent courtship pulses-is shaped by biochemical function. First, by measuring light production from induced bioluminescence in 38 species, we discovered differences between species in their biochemical reactions. Then, for 16 species for which biochemical, phylogenetic and behavioural data are all available, we used phylogenetic comparative models to show that differences in biochemical reaction are nonlinearly correlated with the duration of courtship pulses. This relationship indicates that changes to both enzyme (c-luciferase) function and usage have shaped the evolution of courtship displays, but that they differentially contribute to these phenotypic changes. This nonlinear dynamic may have consequences for the disparity of signalling phenotypes observed across species, and demonstrates how unappreciated diversity at the biochemical level can lead to inferences about behavioural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholai M. Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Emily A. Ellis
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - John P. Frawley
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Todd H. Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA
| | - Trevor J. Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66405, USA
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Yu M, Ohmiya Y, Naumov P, Liu YJ. Theoretical Insight into the Emission Properties of the Luciferin and Oxyluciferin of Latia. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:540-544. [PMID: 29253310 DOI: 10.1111/php.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Latia neritoides is a small limpet-like snail that produces a bright green bioluminescence (BL) via a unique light-emitting system. The process, mechanism, and even light emitter of its light emission remain unknown, although this BL has been known for decades. Unlike the other BL systems, neither the luciferin (Luc) nor the oxyluciferin (OxyLuc) of Latia is fluorescent according to the previous experiments. To help to identify its bioluminophore, we studied the geometrical and electronic structures and absorption and fluorescence spectra of Latia Luc and its six analogs as well as its OxyLuc in the gas phase and in water. The calculated results provide clear evidence of the lack of fluorescence in the Luc and OxyLuc of Latia. For the analogs of Latia Luc, the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ability of the substituted group affects the fluorescence. The results shed new light on the BL mechanism and will likely aid the understanding of Latia BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Vacher M, Fdez Galván I, Ding BW, Schramm S, Berraud-Pache R, Naumov P, Ferré N, Liu YJ, Navizet I, Roca-Sanjuán D, Baader WJ, Lindh R. Chemi- and Bioluminescence of Cyclic Peroxides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6927-6974. [PMID: 29493234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence is a phenomenon that has fascinated mankind for centuries. Today the phenomenon and its sibling, chemiluminescence, have impacted society with a number of useful applications in fields like analytical chemistry and medicine, just to mention two. In this review, a molecular-orbital perspective is adopted to explain the chemistry behind chemiexcitation in both chemi- and bioluminescence. First, the uncatalyzed thermal dissociation of 1,2-dioxetane is presented and analyzed to explain, for example, the preference for triplet excited product states and increased yield with larger nonreactive substituents. The catalyzed fragmentation reaction and related details are then exemplified with substituted 1,2-dioxetanone species. In particular, the preference for singlet excited product states in that case is explained. The review also examines the diversity of specific solutions both in Nature and in artificial systems and the difficulties in identifying the emitting species and unraveling the color modulation process. The related subject of excited-state chemistry without light absorption is finally discussed. The content of this review should be an inspiration to human design of new molecular systems expressing unique light-emitting properties. An appendix describing the state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methods used to study the phenomena serves as a complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bo-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Stefan Schramm
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Romain Berraud-Pache
- Université Paris-Est , Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM , 5 bd Descartes , 77454 Marne-la-Vallée , France
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Université Paris-Est , Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM , 5 bd Descartes , 77454 Marne-la-Vallée , France
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Wilhelm J Baader
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 , 05508-000 São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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11
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Pinto da Silva L, Pereira RFJ, Magalhães CM, Esteves da Silva JCG. Mechanistic Insight into Cypridina Bioluminescence with a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Chemiluminescent Approach. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7862-7871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- LACOMEPHI,
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui F. J. Pereira
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla M. Magalhães
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- LACOMEPHI,
Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Chemistry
Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Geosciences, Environment and
Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Lee J. Perspectives on Bioluminescence Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:389-404. [PMID: 27748947 DOI: 10.1111/php.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of the bioluminescence systems of the firefly, bacteria and those utilizing imidazopyrazinone luciferins such as coelenterazine are gradually being uncovered using modern biophysical methods such as dynamic (ns-ps) fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, X-ray crystallography and computational chemistry. The chemical structures of all reactants are well defined, and the spatial structures of the luciferases are providing important insight into interactions within the active cavity. It is generally accepted that the firefly and coelenterazine systems, although proceeding by different chemistries, both generate a dioxetanone high-energy species that undergoes decarboxylation to form directly the product in its S1 state, the bioluminescence emitter. More work is still needed to establish the structure of the products completely. In spite of the bacterial system receiving the most research attention, the chemical pathway for excitation remains mysterious except that it is clearly not by a decarboxylation. Both the coelenterazine and bacterial systems have in common of being able to employ "antenna proteins," lumazine protein and the green-fluorescent protein, for tuning the color of the bioluminescence. Spatial structure information has been most valuable in informing the mechanism of the Ca2+ -regulated photoproteins and the antenna protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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13
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Ding BW, Naumov P, Liu YJ. Mechanistic insight into marine bioluminescence: photochemistry of the chemiexcited Cypridina (sea firefly) lumophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 11:591-9. [PMID: 26580916 DOI: 10.1021/ct5009203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cypridina hilgendorfii (sea firefly) is a bioluminescent crustacean whose bioluminescence (BL) reaction is archetypal for a number of marine organisms, notably other bioluminescent crustaceans and coelenterates. Unraveling the mechanism of its BL is paramount for future applications of its strongly emissive lumophore. Cypridina produces light in a three-step reaction: First, the cypridinid luciferin is activated by an enzyme to produce a peroxide intermediate, cypridinid dioxetanone (CDO), which then decomposes to generate excited oxyluciferin (OxyCLnH*). Finally, OxyCLnH* deexcites to its ground state along with emission of bright blue light. Unfortunately, the detailed mechanism of the critical step, the thermolysis of CDO, remains unknown, and it is unclear whether the light emitter is generated from a neutral form (CDOH) or anionic form (CDO(-)) of the CDO precursor. In this work, we investigated the key step in the process by modeling the thermal decompositions of both CDOH and CDO(-). The calculated results indicate that the decomposition of CDO(-) occurs via the gradually reversible charge transfer (CT)-initiated luminescence (GRCTIL) mechanism, whereas CDOH decomposes through an entropic trapping mechanism without an obvious CT process. The thermolysis of CDO(-) is sensitive to solvent effects and is energetically favorable in polar environments compared with the thermolysis of CDOH. The thermolysis of CDO(-) produces the excited oxyluciferin anion (OxyCLn(-)*), which combines with a proton from the environment to form OxyCLnH*, the actual light emitter for the natural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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Markova SV, Vysotski ES. Coelenterazine-dependent luciferases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:714-32. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Ishii Y, Hayashi C, Suzuki Y, Hirano T. Chemiluminescent 2,6-diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-ones: a new entry to Cypridina luciferin analogues. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:182-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Theoretical investigation of two-photon absorption and fluorescence properties of cypridina luciferin-based derivatives: 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazine compounds. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Naumov P, Wu C, Liu YJ, Ohmiya Y. Spectrochemistry and artificial color modulation of Cypridina luminescence: indirect evidence for chemiexcitation of a neutral dioxetanone and emission from a neutral amide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1151-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Dunlap JC, Hastings JW, Shimomura O. Crossreactivity between the light-emitting systems of distantly related organisms: Novel type of light-emitting compound. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 77:1394-7. [PMID: 16592787 PMCID: PMC348501 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellate luciferin has been found to crossreact and emit light with euphausid photoprotein; and euphausid fluorescent substance gives luminescence with dinoflagellate luciferase. Luciferin and the fluorescent substance, both highly unstable and fluorescent compounds, are biochemically similar but not identical. Preliminary spectral and chemical data suggest that both compounds contain an open-chain polypyrrole structure, novel among compounds so far known to be involved in light emission in any biological system. The dinoflagellates and euphausids are phylogenetically distant; the possibility that the latter obtain the molecule nutritionally from the former is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dunlap
- The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 92138
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19
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Hirano T, Takahashi Y, Kondo H, Maki S, Kojima S, Ikeda H, Niwa H. The reaction mechanism for the high quantum yield of Cypridina (Vargula) bioluminescence supported by the chemiluminescence of 6-aryl-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-ones (Cypridinaluciferin analogues). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:197-207. [DOI: 10.1039/b713374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Isobe H, Yamanaka S, Kuramitsu S, Yamaguchi K. Regulation Mechanism of Spin−Orbit Coupling in Charge-Transfer-Induced Luminescence of Imidazopyrazinone Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:132-49. [DOI: 10.1021/ja073834r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Isobe
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Syusuke Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Seiki Kuramitsu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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21
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Teranishi K. Luminescence of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one compounds. Bioorg Chem 2007; 35:82-111. [PMID: 17007903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review I will discuss chemical principles of the luminescence of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one compounds described to date. The review is composed of two main parts, the first dealing with the bioluminescence of coelenterate luciferin "coelenterazine" and Cypridina luciferin in marine organisms and the second with the chemiluminescence of these luciferins and their analogues. In the second section, possible applications of chemiluminescence and enhanced chemiluminescence in the area of bioassay are also discussed.
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22
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Takahashi Y, Kondo H, Maki S, Niwa H, Ikeda H, Hirano T. Chemiluminescence of 6-aryl-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-ones in DMSO/TMG and in diglyme/acetate buffer: support for the chemiexcitation process to generate the singlet-excited state of neutral oxyluciferin in a high quantum yield in the Cypridina (Vargula) bioluminescence mechanism. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Ohmiya Y, Kojima S, Nakamura M, Niwa H. Bioluminescence in the Limpet-Like Snail,Latia neritoides. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Shimomura O, Flood PR, Inouye S, Bryan B, Shimomura A. Isolation and properties of the luciferase stored in the ovary of the scyphozoan medusa Periphylla periphylla. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2001; 201:339-347. [PMID: 11751246 DOI: 10.2307/1543612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence of the medusa Periphylla is based on the oxidation of coelenterazine catalyzed by luciferase. Periphylla has two types of luciferase: the soluble form luciferase L, which causes the exumbrellar bioluminescence display of the medusa, and the insoluble aggregated form, which is stored as particulate material in the ovary, in an amount over 100 times that of luciferase L. The eggs are especially rich in the insoluble luciferase, which drastically decreases upon fertilization. The insoluble form could be solubilized by 2-mercaptoethanol, yielding a mixture of luciferase oligomers with molecular masses in multiples of approximately 20 kDa. Those having the molecular masses of 20 kDa, 40 kDa, and 80 kDa were isolated and designated, respectively, as luciferase A, luciferase B, and luciferase C. The luminescence activities of Periphylla luciferases A, B, and C were 1.2 approximately 4.1 x 10(16) photon/mg. s, significantly higher than any coelenterazine luciferase known, and the quantum yields of coelenterazine catalyzed by these luciferases (about 0.30 at 24 degrees C) are comparable to that catalyzed by Oplophorus luciferase (0.34 at 22 degrees C), which has been considered the most efficient coelenterazine luciferase until now. Luciferase L (32 kDa) could also be split by 2-mercaptoethanol into luciferase A and an accessory protein (approx. 12 kDa), as yet uncharacterized. Luciferases A, B, and C are highly resistant to inactivation: their luminescence activities are only slightly diminished at pH 1 and pH 11 and are enhanced in the presence of 1 approximately 2 M guanidine hydrochloride; but they are less stable to heating than luciferase L, which is practically unaffected by boiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543. Bathybiologica A.S., N-5081 Bergen, Norway.
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Shimomura O, Wu C, Murai A, Nakamura H. Evaluation of five imidazopyrazinone-type chemiluminescent superoxide probes and their application to the measurement of superoxide anion generated by Listeria monocytogenes. Anal Biochem 1998; 258:230-5. [PMID: 9570834 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide-triggered chemiluminescence of five new imidazopyrazinone derivatives was investigated using the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system as the source of superoxide anion. The results showed that they are highly sensitive and have favorable properties in measuring superoxide anion. With those new probes, the generation of superoxide anion from the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes was examined. The results confirmed the previous report that L. monocytogenes is an unusual organism that extracellularly and continuously generates a high level of superoxide anion in the presence of acetaldehyde. The data indicated that two of the probes, 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-phenylethynylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3- one (4) and its methoxy derivative (5), are highly sensitive and useful in the measurements of superoxide anion and are clearly superior to 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-on e (MCLA), which-has been generally considered the most sensitive superoxide probe in the past. When tested at a probe concentration of 3.3 microM, the luminescence response and the signal-background ratio of compound 4 were 1.5 and 2.5 times those of MCLA, respectively, and the signal-background ratio of compound 5 was almost 15 times that of MCLA, though the luminescence response of this compound was slightly lower than that of MCLA. The low probe concentration used enhances the usefulness of probes in the measurements of superoxide in functioning biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
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26
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Teranishi K, Shimomura O. Coelenterazine analogs as chemiluminescent probe for superoxide anion. Anal Biochem 1997; 249:37-43. [PMID: 9193706 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new coelenterazine analogs containing the 3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one structure were synthesized. The superoxide-triggered chemiluminescence of these compounds was investigated using the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system in comparison with four known compounds. The results showed that an alkyl substitution at the position 5 of the imidazopyrazinone ring causes a drastic decrease in the superoxide-dependent chemiluminescence intensity, whereas a dimethylene bridge added between the position 5 and the phenyl group bound to the position 6 dramatically increases the luminescence intensity, indicating the potential usefulness of this type of compound as a probe for superoxide anion. The luminescence intensity of the bridged analog was 33 times greater than that of MCLA [2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazin-3-one], the most sensitive superoxide probe of Cypridina luciferin-type. Two of the analogs synthesized, each with a covalently bound cyclodextrin, had a good solubility in water, an advantage in actual use. Moreover, one of them having a beta-cyclodextrin group showed a unique property; its luminescence was little affected by various substances in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Teranishi
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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Miesenböck G, Rothman JE. Patterns of synaptic activity in neural networks recorded by light emission from synaptolucins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:3402-7. [PMID: 9096406 PMCID: PMC20382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emission of light, coupled to exocytosis, can in principle be utilized to monitor the activity of a large number of individual synapses simultaneously. To illustrate this concept, fusion proteins of Cypridina luciferase and synaptotagmin-I or VAMP-2/synaptobrevin (which we term "synaptolucins") were expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons with the help of viral vectors. Synaptolucins were targeted to synaptic vesicles and, upon exocytosis, formed light-emitting complexes with their cognate luciferin, which was added to the extracellular medium. Photon emissions required a depolarizing stimulus, occurred from regions with high synaptic density as ascertained by vital staining of recycling synaptic vesicles, and were sensitive to Ca2+ depletion and clostridial neurotoxins. The method can currently detect exocytosis of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles at a hippocampal synapse, corresponding to about two dozen quanta, but has the potential for greater sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Miesenböck
- Cellular Biochemistry and Biophysics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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28
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Shimomura O. The roles of the two highly unstable components F and P involved in the bioluminescence of euphausiid shrimps. JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE 1995; 10:91-101. [PMID: 7676855 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1170100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence of euphausiids takes place when a fluorescent tetrapyrrole F and a highly unstable protein P react in the presence of oxygen. A previous study on the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica indicated that F acts as a catalyst and P is consumed in the luminescence reaction, differing from the luminescence system of dinoflagellates in which a tetrapyrrole luciferin, nearly identical to F, is enzymatically oxidized in the presence of dinoflagellate luciferase. In the present study, P was extracted from Euphausia pacifica as well as from M. norvegica, then purified separately by affinity chromatography on a column of biliverdin-Sepharose 4B, completing the whole process in less than 5 h. The samples of P obtained from both species had a molecular weight of 600,000, a purity of about 80%, and a specific activity 50-100 times greater than that previously found. The activity of P rapidly decreased in solutions, even at 0 degrees C, and the inactivation of P derived from M. norvegica was more than four times faster than that derived from E. pacifica. The kinetics of the luminescence reaction was investigated with F and P whose concentrations were systematically varied. The reaction was characteristically slow and involved two different reaction rates; the turnover number at 0 degrees C was 30/h for the initial 20 min and 20/h after the initial 1 h. The total light emitted in a 50-h period indicated that the bioluminescence quantum yield of F was about 0.6 at 0 degrees C, and P recycled many times in the luminescence reaction. Thus, the present results conclusively show that F is a luciferin and P is a luciferase of an unusually slow-working type, contrary to early report.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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Shimomura O. Cause of spectral variation in the luminescence of semisynthetic aequorins. Biochem J 1995; 306 ( Pt 2):537-43. [PMID: 7887908 PMCID: PMC1136551 DOI: 10.1042/bj3060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aequorin emits light in the presence of Ca2+, decomposing into apoaequorin, coelenteramide and CO2. Semisynthetic aequorins, produced by replacing the coelenterazine moiety in aequorin with analogues of coelenterazine, showed widely different sensitivities to Ca2+ as well as certain spectral variations. A group of semisynthetic aequorins, e-type aequorins, showed bimodal luminescence, with peaks at 400-405 nm and 440-475 nm in various intensity ratios, whereas all other aequorins luminesced with only one peak, in the range 440-475 nm. The cause of the spectral variation was studied by various experiments including: (1) comparison with the fluorescence of the spent solution and the luminescence of the spent solution produced by added coelenterazine; (2) luminescence in 2H2O; (3) the rate of conformational change of apoaequorin; (4) the rates of regeneration in the presence and absence of O2. The results suggested that the spectrum of Ca(2+)-triggered luminescence is strongly affected by the ionic charge on the amide N atom of the coelenteramide that is bound to apoaequorin. When the amide N atom is negatively charged, light is emitted with a 440-475 nm peak. In the case of e-type aequorins, the negative charge on the amide N atom is less because of the structure of e-coelenterazine involved, resulting in the emission of a 400-405 nm peak from the uncharged form of coelenteramide; the intensity ratio of 400-405 nm peak to 440-475 nm peak is determined by the amount of negative charge resting on the amide N atom of e-coelenteramide at the time of light emission. Most of the spectral variations in luminescence and fluorescence can be explained on the basis of ionic and hydrophobic interaction between a coelenteramide and apoaequorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Shen SS. Mechanisms of calcium regulation in sea urchin eggs and their activities during fertilization. Curr Top Dev Biol 1995; 30:63-101. [PMID: 7555050 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Shen
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Shimomura O, Musicki B, Kishi Y, Inouye S. Light-emitting properties of recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins and recombinant fluorescein-conjugated aequorin for measuring cellular calcium. Cell Calcium 1993; 14:373-8. [PMID: 8519061 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4160(93)90041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
15 kinds of recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins and a recombinant fluorescein-conjugated aequorin were prepared and their properties in Ca(2+)-triggered luminescence were studied. The semi-synthetic aequorins showed a wide range of Ca(2+)-sensitivity. The luminescence intensity of a high-sensitivity type (hcp-aequorin) was greater than 10(4)-times that of a low-sensitivity type (n-aequorin) at pCa 6.0-6.5. The fluorescein-conjugated aequorin exhibited fluorescence in addition to the Ca(2+)-triggered luminescence, thus it can be used to visualize the diffusion and distribution of aequorin in cells. The data obtained, particularly the Ca(2+)-sensitivity curves, are useful in selecting a suitable semi-synthetic aequorin for an experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Analysis of visual pigment absorbance and luminescence emission spectra in marine ostracodes (Crustacea: Ostracoda). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shimomura O, Musicki B, Kishi Y. Semi-synthetic aequorins with improved sensitivity to Ca2+ ions. Biochem J 1989; 261:913-20. [PMID: 2803250 PMCID: PMC1138916 DOI: 10.1042/bj2610913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-seven coelenterazine analogues were synthesized and incorporated into apo-aequorin, yielding 30 semi-synthetic aequorins that have the capacity to emit a significant amount of light in the presence of Ca2+. The properties of resultant photoproteins were investigated. The most prominent feature of those photoproteins was the wide range in their sensitivities to Ca2+ concentration. The relative intensity of Ca2+-triggered luminescence of the photoproteins ranged from 0.01 to 190 when compared with natural aequorin (relative intensity 1.0) at pCa 6 for the cases where the relative intensity is less than 1 and at pCa 7 for the cases where the relative intensity is higher than 1. Eight of the semi-synthetic aequorins belonged to the class of e-aequorin. With two of those photoproteins, the degree of dependence of the luminescence intensity ratio I400/I465 on pCa was greater than that with e-aequorin, suggesting that these two photoproteins are possibly superior to e-aequorin in measuring Ca2+ concentration by the ratio method.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Mallefet J, Baguet F. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND LUMINESCENCE OF ISOLATED Porichthys PHOTOPHORES IN RESPONSE TO ADRENERGIC STIMULATIONS. Photochem Photobiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Shimomura O, Musicki B, Kishi Y. Semi-synthetic aequorin. An improved tool for the measurement of calcium ion concentration. Biochem J 1988; 251:405-10. [PMID: 3401214 PMCID: PMC1149017 DOI: 10.1042/bj2510405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The photoprotein aequorin isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea emits blue light in the presence of Ca2+ by an intramolecular process that involves chemical transformation of the coelenterazine moiety into coelenteramide and CO2. Because of its high sensitivity to Ca2+, aequorin has widely been used as a Ca2+ indicator in various biological systems. We have replaced the coelenterazine moiety in the protein with several synthetic coelenterazine analogues, providing semi-synthetic Ca2+-sensitive photoproteins. One of the semi-synthetic photoproteins, derived from coelenterazine analogue (II) (with an extra ethano group), showed highly promising properties for the measurement of Ca2+, namely (1) the rise time of luminescence in response to Ca2+ was shortened by approx. 4-fold compared with native aequorin and (2) the luminescence spectrum showed two peaks at 405 nm and 465 nm and the ratio of their peak heights was dependent on Ca2+ concentration in the range of pCa 5-7, thus allowing the determination of [Ca2+] directly from the ratio of two peak intensities. Coelenterazine analogue (I) (with a hydroxy group replaced by an amino group) was also incorporated into apo-aequorin, yielding a Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein, which indicates that an electrostatic interaction between the phenolate group in the coelenterazine moiety and some cationic centre in apo-aequorin is not important in native aequorin, contrary to a previous suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shimomura
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
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Thompson EM, Nafpaktitis BG, Tsuji FI. INDUCTION OF BIOLUMINESCENCE IN THE MARINE FISH, Porichthys, BY Vargula (CRUSTACEAN) LUCIFERIN. EVIDENCE FOR de novo SYNTHESIS OR RECYCLING OF LUCIFERIN. Photochem Photobiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb05413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The photoprotein aequorin emits light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace of Ca2+ is added. The samples of aequorin that were purified by the conventional methods of column chromatography were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography into eight molecular forms (isoaequorins), which were designated aequorins A-H. Aequorins A, C and F were obtained in crystalline states. A wide range of properties were studied with aequorins A-F, which were essentially pure. These six isoaequorins showed relatively small differences in their spectroscopic properties, but their values of A0.1%/1 cm, 280 were found to be close to 3.0, about 10% more than the previously reported value of 2.70-2.71 that was obtained with the samples of conventionally purified aequorin. The Mr values ranged from 20,100 (aequorin F) to 22,800 (aequorin A), the luminescence activities ranged from 4.35 X 10(15) photons/mg (aequorin A) to 5.16 X 10(15) photons/mg (aequorin F), and the first-order reaction rate constants of luminescence ranged from 0.95 s-1 (aequorin A) to 1.33 s-1 (aequorin F). As regards sensitivity to Ca2+, aequorin D was the most sensitive, having a sensitivity about 0.4-0.5 pCa unit above that of the least sensitive kind (aequorin A).
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OSTROWSKI-MEISSNER HENRYT. PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN HERBAGE EXTRACTS DURING MEMBRANE FILTRATION PROCESS: THE EFFECT OF REDUCING AGENTS ADDITION. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1980.tb00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Ward WW, Cody CW, Hart RC, Cormier MJ. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC IDENTITY OF THE ENERGY TRANSFER CHROMOPHORES IN RENILLA AND AEQUOREA GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEINS. Photochem Photobiol 1980. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1980.tb03755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Henry JP, Michelson AM. Bioluminescence: physiological control and regulation at the molecular level. Photochem Photobiol 1978; 28:293-310. [PMID: 43986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tsuji FI, Nafpaktitis BG, Goto T, Cormier MJ, Wampler JE, Anderson JM. Spectral characteristics of the bioluminescence induced in the marine fish, Porichthys notatus by Cypridina (ostracod) luciferin. Mol Cell Biochem 1975; 9:3-8. [PMID: 1186662 DOI: 10.1007/bf01731727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of Porichthys notatus, which are naturally luminous along the coast of California, are non-luminous in Puget Sound. However, luminescence capability may be induced in the adult Puget Sound Porichthys by the administration of purified Cypridina (ostracod) luciferin, synthetic Cypridina luciferin, or Cypridina organisms. The bioluminescence emission spectra produced by the Puget Sound fish following induction is similar, if not identical, to that of the naturally luminous Porichthys notatus from California waters (maxima: 485 and 507 nm).
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Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Influence of buffer system and pH on the amount of oxygen exchanged between solvent H2O and the CO2 produced in the aerobic oxidation of Cypridina luciferin catalyzed by Cypridina luciferase. Anal Biochem 1975; 64:601-5. [PMID: 236688 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tsuji FI, Lynch RV, Stevens CL. Some properties of luciferase from the bioluminescent crustacean, Cypridina hilgendorfii. Biochemistry 1974; 13:5204-9. [PMID: 4433517 DOI: 10.1021/bi00722a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Morise H. Mechanism of the luminescent intramolecular reaction of aequorin. Biochemistry 1974; 13:3278-86. [PMID: 4152180 DOI: 10.1021/bi00713a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Morise H, Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Winant J. Intermolecular energy transfer in the bioluminescent system of Aequorea. Biochemistry 1974; 13:2656-62. [PMID: 4151620 DOI: 10.1021/bi00709a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Shimomura O, Johnson FH. Exchange of oxygen between solvent H 2 O and the CO 2 produced in Cypridina bioluminescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 51:558-63. [PMID: 4704048 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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