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Vo NTK. Environmental radiobiology of amphibians - knowledge gaps to be filled using cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1034-1046. [PMID: 33428858 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1872815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians are facing an unprecedented level of population declines worldwide. The causes run the gamut from habitat loss and succumbing to opportunistic pathogen infections to vulnerability to toxic pollutants and ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation exposure. Anthropogenic activities including Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters and radioactive waste leakage into the environment raise the background radiation levels. Their immediate and chronic effects on amphibian populations are still being studied. However, the literature on environmental radiation effects on amphibian health still requires a lot more work. Laboratory and field works need to be conducted hand in hand in order to make informative and conclusive analyses to distinguish bad from good and harm from risk or to argue for or against the linear no-threshold model in radioprotection programs. Amphibian cell lines can help seek answers to important questions pertaining environmental radiobiology and amphibian health wherever they can suitably and effectively. The purpose of this work is to show that amphibian cell lines can 'rescue' important knowledge gaps in the literature, especially in the low-dose radiation mechanisms. Presently, there are 142 amphibian cell lines developed from six urodelans and 17 anurans. Amphibian cell lines can help expand and enrich the limited literature on environmental radiation effects on amphibians. They can be used to study mechanisms of radiation actions and discover reliable biomarkers for low-dose exposure. They can be used in environmental radiation monitoring and radioprotection programs. They can be used to determine the effects of co-exposure of IR and other stressors in the environment on amphibian health. They represent an ethical choice for amphibian conservation efforts in the current global amphibian declines. Lessons learned from cellular data can be useful guides to gain a better picture of effects occurring at the amphibian population and ecosystem levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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MITCHELL DAVIDL, APPLEGATE LEEA, NAIRN RODNEYS, LEY RONALDD. PHOTOREACTIVATION OF CYCLOBUTANE DIMERS AND (6-4) PHOTOPRODUCTS IN THE EPIDERMIS OF THE MARSUPIAL, Monodelphis domestica. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/php.1990.51.6.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Brown DB, Peritz AE, Mitchell DL, Chiarello S, Uitto J, Gasparro FP. Common Fluorescent Sunlamps are an Inappropriate Substitute for Sunlight ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720340cfsaai2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
I was trained as a physicist in graduate school. Hence, when I decided to go into the field of biophysics, it was natural that I concentrated on the effects of light on relatively simple biological systems, such as proteins. The wavelengths absorbed by the amino acid subunits of proteins are in the ultraviolet (UV). The wavelengths that affect the biological activities, the action spectra, also are in the UV, but are not necessarily parallel to the absorption spectra. Understanding these differences led me to investigate the action spectra for affecting nucleic acids, and the effects of UV on viruses and cells. The latter studies led me to the discovery of the important molecular nature of the damages affecting DNA (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) and to the discovery of nucleotide excision repair. Individuals with the genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are extraordinarily sensitive to sunlight-induced skin cancer. The finding, by James Cleaver, that their skin cells were defective in DNA repair strongly suggested that DNA damage was a key step in carcinogenesis. Such information was important for estimating the wavelengths in sunlight responsible for human skin cancer and for predicting the effects of ozone depletion on the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer. It took experiments with backcross hybrid fish to call attention to the probable role of the longer UV wavelengths not absorbed by DNA in the induction of melanoma. These reflections trace the biophysicist's path from molecules to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Setlow
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973, USA.
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Grasela JJ, Mcintosh AH, Ignoffo CM, Goodman CL. Insect cells and their potential as stabilization barriers for DNA of multiple and single nucleopolyhedroviruses against ultraviolet-B-simulated sunlight inactivation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2002; 38:173-7. [PMID: 12026166 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0173:icatpa>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A cell line from Trichoplusia ni (TN-CL1) infected with the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV-HPP) and a cell line from Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AM1) infected with the Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV/BrCL2) were subjected to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation at a predetermined level of exposure that would inactivate greater than 95% of the virus suspended in the liquid. The working hypothesis was that the homologous insect cells would utilize their inherent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair mechanism(s) to prevent, repair, or at least mitigate the damaging effects of UV-B light on viral DNA synthesis. We attempted to determine this by using infected cells that were subjected to UV-B irradiation at different postinoculation periods under two experimental conditions of exposure: (1) shielded, and (2) nonshielded. Of the two cell lines infected with their respective homologous viruses, the virus from TN-CL1 cells was the least sensitive to UV-B light because the extracellular virus (ECV) and occlusion body (OB) levels of virus-infected TN-CL1 cells were higher than those of the virus-infected BCIRL-HZ-AM1 cells. Production of ECV and OB from both cell lines was lower in the exposed, nonshielded treatment than in the exposed, shielded treatment. However, AcMNPV-HPP was produced in enough quantity to indicate that TN-CL1 might impart a level of protection to the virus against UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Grasela
- USDA, ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535, USA.
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Brown DB, Peritz AE, Mitchell DL, Chiarello S, Uitto J, Gasparro FP. Common Fluorescent Sunlamps are an Inappropriate Substitute for Sunlight¶. Photochem Photobiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0340:cfsaai>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Rosenstein BS, Vaslet CA, Rosenstein RB. Molecular cloning of the human gene SUVCC1 associated with the repair of nondimer DNA damage induced by solar UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1995; 61:142-8. [PMID: 7899503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb03952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A mutant cell line, DRP 287, sensitive to solar UV radiation and deficient in the repair of solar UV-induced nondimer DNA damage, was derived from ICR 2A frog cells. These cells were transfected with human DNA and a secondary transformant obtained in which normal solar UV sensitivity was restored and the repair defect corrected. The DNA from this secondary transformant was used to construct a genomic DNA library from which a recombinant phage was isolated containing the human gene capable of restoring normal solar UV sensitivity and correcting the repair defect in the DRP 287 cells. This represents the first human gene which has been isolated that is specifically involved in the repair of nondimer DNA damage induced by solar UV radiation. It has been designated SUVCC1 to denote solar UV cross-complementing gene number 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, NY 10029
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Keij JF, Groenewegen AC, Visser JW. High-speed photodamage cell sorting: an evaluation of the ZAPPER prototype. Methods Cell Biol 1994; 42 Pt B:371-86. [PMID: 7877505 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Keij
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, New York Blood Center, New York 10021
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Zölzer F, Kiefer J. Inactivation and mutation induction to 6-thioguanine resistance in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts by 313 nm radiation: some problems of action spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1993; 18:81-5. [PMID: 8487127 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(93)80043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Zölzer
- Strahlenzentrum, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
The formation of DNA base damages by broad spectrum ultraviolet irradiation (250-400 nm) was investigated using a defined sequence of human DNA. The irradiated, 92 base pair, 3'-end of the human alphoid segment was incubated with an enzyme fraction purified from bacteriophage T4-infected E. coli. As previously reported, analysis of reaction products by sequencing gels showed enzymic incision of purine-containing photoproducts as well as pyrimidine cyclobutane photodimers. The purine-incising activity does not require metal ions and was unaffected by beta-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. The formation of the purine photoproducts is independent of buffer; these lesions are produced by irradiation of DNA in Tris, Hepes or phosphate buffers. They are produced at biologically significant wavelengths between 260 to 300 nm. Only low levels were detected above or below this range. The formation of purine photoproducts is dose dependent with similar yields at some specific loci to pyrimidine dimers. These results suggest that purine-containing photoproducts could be of consequence in ultraviolet carcinogenesis.
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Eliceiri BP, Choudhury K, Scott QO, Eliceiri GL. Ultraviolet light-induced inhibition of small nuclear RNA synthesis. J Cell Physiol 1989; 138:586-92. [PMID: 2925798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041380320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two apparently distinct types of inhibition of the synthesis of U1, U2, U3, U4, and U5 small nuclear RNA, induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, have been described before: immediate and delayed. Our present observation can be summarized as follows: a) neither the immediate nor the delayed inhibition appear to be mediated by the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, since they were not prevented by photoreactivating light, in ICR 2A frog cells; b) the inhibition of U1 RNA synthesis, monitored in HeLA cells within the first few minutes after irradiation, extrapolated to a substantial suppression at time zero of postirradiation cell incubation, providing further support for the proposal that the immediate inhibition is a reaction separate from the delayed UV light-induced inhibition of U1 RNA synthesis; c) the transition from the pattern of the immediate inhibition to that of the delayed inhibition (disappearance of the UV-resistant fraction of U1 RNA synthesis and increased rate of inhibition) occurred gradually, without an apparent threshold, within the first 2 hr of incubation after irradiation; and d) the incident UV dose that resulted in a 37% level of residual U1 RNA synthesis (D37) during the delayed inhibition was about 7 J/m2, with an apparent UV dose threshold, and was about 60 J/m2 for the immediate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Eliceiri
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri 63104
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Zölzer F, Kiefer J, Rase S. Inactivation and mutation induction to 6-thioguanine resistance in V79 hamster fibroblasts by simulated sunlight. Photochem Photobiol 1988; 47:399-404. [PMID: 3289058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1988.tb02743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Cell survival and photoreactivation of 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light damage in a wild type Drosophila cell line was assayed by colony formation in liquid medium. Fo, Fq, and extrapolation number for the exponential portion of survival curves are 21 J/m2, 3.6 J/m2, and 1.5 for non-photoreactivated cells and 110 J/m2, 11.2 J/m2, and 1.3 for those exposed to photoreactivating light. Maximal photoreactivation occurs at the 100 J/m2 region of the curve. At 10 and 50% survival, 75-80% of the UV damage was photoreactivable.
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Peak MJ, Peak JG, Carnes BA. Induction of direct and indirect single-strand breaks in human cell DNA by far- and near-ultraviolet radiations: action spectrum and mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 1987; 45:381-7. [PMID: 3562593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb05390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Korval TM. Enhanced survival by photoreactivation and liquid holding following UV damage of TN-368 insect cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(86)90013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chao CC, Rosenstein RB, Rosenstein BS. Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light. Mutat Res 1985; 149:443-50. [PMID: 3921834 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of ICR 2A frog cells to 265 nm, 289 nm, 302 nm or 313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths induced the formation of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs). However, treatment of cells with photoreactivating light (PRL) following the UV irradiations resulted in a lower level of SCEs compared with cells incubated in the dark. Hence, it can be concluded that pyrimidine dimers are the principal photoproducts responsible for the induction of SCEs in cells exposed to 265-313 nm UV due to the specificity of DNA photolyase for the light-dependent monomerization of dimers in DNA. It was also found that the maximum yield of induced SCEs in 313 nm-irradiated cells was only about 7 SCEs per cell whereas the plateau values for the shorter wavelengths were approximately 15-20 SCEs per cell. In addition, treatment of cells with 313 nm plus 265 nm light resulted in a lower level of SCEs than in cells exposed to 265 nm UV alone. These results can be interpreted in the context of a replication model for SCE, in which the high level of non-dimer damages produced in the DNA of 313 nm-irradiated cells inhibits the induction of SCEs by the pyrimidine dimers that are also produced by this wavelength.
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Peak JG, Peak MJ, Sikorski RS, Jones CA. Induction of DNA-protein crosslinks in human cells by ultraviolet and visible radiations: action spectrum. Photochem Photobiol 1985; 41:295-302. [PMID: 4011693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rosenstein BS, Rosenstein RB. Induction of chromosome aberrations in ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light. Photochem Photobiol 1985; 41:57-61. [PMID: 3872465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zölzer F, Kiefer J. Wavelength dependence of inactivation and mutation induction to 6-thioguanine-resistance in V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 1984; 40:49-53. [PMID: 6483990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb04552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Han A, Peak MJ, Peak JG. Induction of DNA-protein cross-linking in Chinese hamster cells by monochromatic 365 and 405 nm ultraviolet light. Photochem Photobiol 1984; 39:343-8. [PMID: 6718513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb08188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Rosenstein BS. Mitotic inhibition of ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY AND RELATED STUDIES IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MEDICINE 1984; 45:85-91. [PMID: 6607233 DOI: 10.1080/09553008414550101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of ICR 2A frog cells to 265, 289, 302 or 313 nm U.V. radiation caused a decrease in the MI of the irradiated cells in a fluence-dependent fashion. Treatment of cells with PRL immediately after U.V.-irradiation resulted in a smaller decrease in the MI, demonstrating that pyrimidine dimers played a role in the mitotic inhibition induced by these U.V. wavelengths. The effect of PRL on 313 nm-irradiated cells was much smaller than for the other wavelengths tested, indicating that non-dimer photoproducts were of importance in the mitotic inhibition induced by this U.V. wavelength.
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Abstract
A comprehensive investigation has been made of photoreactivation of UV damage in cells cultured from the fat-tailed marsupial mouse, Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Maximal photoreversal of the lethal effects of germicidal UV radiation was obtained by exposure of cells to intense fluorescent black light at 37 degrees C. Dose-reduction factors of approximately 2 were obtained. This phenomenon was shown to be a true photoreactive not a photoprotective effect. Attempts to photoreverse the lethal effects of UV light by using white fluorescent light, or black lights at lower temperatures, proved ineffectual. Photoreactivation with black light at 37 degrees C for 30 min effectively photoreversed UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and also substantially reduced the levels of UV-induced DNA-repair replication. Sunlight was also found to be an effective source of photoreactivating light. Although a reasonable correlation was found between the lethal effects of UV light and the number of pyrimidine dimers persisting unrepaired in cellular DNA, some experiments did suggest that either a small subclass of dimers or some type of non-dimer damage contributed significantly to overall lethality. Two of the effects induced by UV light could not, however, be reversed by black light. These were sister-chromatid exchanges and the inhibition of DNA synthesis. The conclusion was reached that either these effects reflect non-dimer (non-photoreactivable damage) or that, under appropriate growth conditions, some damage rapidly disrupts the DNA, say within a replicon, in a manner which cannot be reversed even when the primary lesion has been subsequently removed.
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Wade MH, Trosko JE. Enhanced survival and decreased mutation frequency after photoreactivation of UV damage in rat kangaroo cells. Mutat Res 1983; 112:231-43. [PMID: 6888409 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8817(83)90009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pyrimidine dimers on cytotoxicity, DNA repair and mutagenesis was studied in cells, derived from the rat kangaroo, which possess photoreactivating capabilities. A significant enhancement in colony-forming ability was achieved after UV irradiation in exponentially growing cells if photoreactivating light treatment followed the UV irradiation. If photoreactivation treatment was delayed 24 h after UV irradiation, no significant increase in survival was observed. Assays of pyrimidine dimers, unscheduled DNA synthesis, and survival in contact-inhibited cells all confirmed a minor role of dark excision repair and a major role of photoreactivation. Photoreactivation decreased the frequency of mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance to a greater extent than the alteration seen in survival. Approximately 1.6 times the dose must be given to get equal killing in photoreactivated cells, whereas 4 times the dose must be given to obtain equal mutation frequencies in light-treated cells. This suggests that the removal of dimers is more effective in mutant reduction than enhancement of survival.
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Rosenstein BS, Ducore JM. Induction of DNA strand breaks in normal human fibroblasts exposed to monochromatic ultraviolet and visible wavelengths in the 240-546 nm range. Photochem Photobiol 1983; 38:51-5. [PMID: 6622552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb08365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Niggli HJ, Cerutti PA. Cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimer formation and excision in human skin fibroblasts after irradiation with 313-nm ultraviolet light. Biochemistry 1983; 22:1390-5. [PMID: 6838860 DOI: 10.1021/bi00275a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The formation and excision of 313-nm light-induced cyclobutane-type pyrimidine photodimers were determined in confluent cultures of human fibroblasts. A new method was developed for the resolution and determination of cytosine-thymine (CT) and thymine-thymine dimers (TT) by using sodium borohydride reduction and high-pressure liquid chromatography. This assay can detect as little as 1.8 TT or 5.6 CT per 10(8) daltons, levels induced in monolayers of human skin fibroblasts by doses of 1 and 2 kJ m-2 of 313-nm light, respectively. CT formation was 20% more efficient than TT formation in the physiological dose range of 2.25-15 k m-2 at 37 degrees C. Normal fibroblasts removed 61% TT within the first 8 h of incubation following a dose of 5.5 kJ m-2. CT was removed approximately twice as efficiently as TT during the same time period following exposure to 10 kJ m-2. The lack of removal of CT as well as TT observed in xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts indicates that the repair deficiency in these cells affects the repair of both classes of dimers.
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Ley RD, Peak MJ, Lyon LL. Induction of pyrimidine dimers in epidermal DNA of hairless mice by UVB: an action spectrum. J Invest Dermatol 1983; 80:188-91. [PMID: 6827128 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12534010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An action spectrum for the induction of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermis of hairless mice was determined between 288 and 307 nm. The presence of pyrimidine dimers in tritium-labeled DNA extracted from exposed SKH:hairless-1 mouse skin was determined using dimer-specific nucleases from Micrococcus luteus in conjunction with sedimentation of the irradiated DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients. The rate of induction of pyrimidine dimers was maximal at 293 nm. These values were used to propose a UVB transmission curve for mouse epidermis.
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Zölzer F, Kiefer J. Wavelength dependence of inactivation and mutagenesis in haploid yeast cells of different sensitivities. Photochem Photobiol 1983; 37:39-48. [PMID: 6340132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb04431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Parrish JA, Jaenicke KF, Anderson RR. Erythema and melanogenesis action spectra of normal human skin. Photochem Photobiol 1982; 36:187-91. [PMID: 7122713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chan GL, Little JB. Modulation of survival and transformation during plateau-phase holding of UV-irradiated mouse cells. Mutat Res 1982; 104:183-6. [PMID: 7078572 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(82)90142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Rosenstein BS. The action spectrum (313-435 nm) for killing Hoechst 33258 treated Chinese hamster ovary cells containing bromodeoxyuridine substituted DNA. Photochem Photobiol 1982; 35:163-6. [PMID: 6175004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb03826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Brown TC, Harris PV, Boyd JB. Effects of radiation on the survival of excision-defective cells from Drosophila melanogaster. SOMATIC CELL GENETICS 1981; 7:631-44. [PMID: 6798701 DOI: 10.1007/bf01538753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various doses of ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation on the survival of excision-defective Drosophila cells has been determined by cloning treated and untreated cells in agarose. Although excision-defective cells survive moderate amounts of DNA damage, they display a severe hypersensitivity to both types of radiation relative to excision-proficient cells. Exposure of ultraviolet-irradiated cells to fluorescent light results in a reduction of the density of pyrimidine dimers in cellular DNA and a 10-to 20-fold increase in survival. Parallel analysis of dimer density and survival, however, suggests that much of the lethal effect of ultraviolet light is due to nondimer damage. Cell proliferation was monitored in both excision-proficient and excision-defective cells exposed to doses of ultraviolet light that reduced survival by 90%. Under these conditions excision-proficient cells displayed exponential growth whereas excision-defective cells exhibited no cell proliferation for 12 days.
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Hunter JR, Kaupp SE, Taylor JH. EFFECTS OF SOLAR AND ARTIFICIAL ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION ON LARVAL NORTHERN ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS MORDAX. Photochem Photobiol 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1981.tb09028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ritter MA, Williams JR. Fluorescent-light-induced lethality and DNA repair in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 655:18-25. [PMID: 6266482 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell survival and induction of endonuclease-sensitive sites in DNA were measured in human fibroblast cells exposed to fluorescent light or germicidal ultraviolet light. Cells from a xeroderma pigmentosum patient were hypersensitive to cell killing by fluorescent light, although less so than for germicidal ultraviolet light. Xeroderma pigmentosum cells were deficient in the removal of fluorescent light-induced endonuclease sites that are probably pyrimidine dimers, and both the xeroderma pigmentosum and normal cells removed these sites with kinetics indistinguishable from those for ultraviolet light-induced sites. A comparison of fluorescent with ultraviolet light data demonstrates that there are markedly fewer pyrimidine dimers per lethal event for fluorescent than for ultraviolet light, suggesting a major role for non-dimer damage in fluorescent light lethality.
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Hartman PS. The masking model: a possible explanation for various effects of near-UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 1981; 34:39-43. [PMID: 7291328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1981.tb08958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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