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Khayatian S, Bavali A, Moradi S, Farhadi M, Behnamedin Jameie S. Fluorescence inner filters of Arthrospira platensis: Novel perspective for precise fluorescence-based sensors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121791. [PMID: 36057160 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been reputed as novel biological materials due to their unique structure, surface functionality and optical activity, making them worthwhile agents in biosensing and theranostic applications. However, further scrutiny is required for utilizing them in routine optical techniques due to their complex structure and diverse chemical components. Here, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) features of a bio-compatible microalgae i. e. Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) have been assessed. Typical fluorescence properties as well as the inner filter effects (IFEs) were examined and revealed to be strongly dependent on concentration, excitation wavelength, and detection geometry as well. IFEs and resulting spectral shifts have been analyzed considering various SP chromophores, reabsorption processes, and resonance energy transfer (RET) mainly from "Carotenoids to Phycobilisomes" as well as "Phycobilisomes to Chlorophyll-a". As a result, LIF spectral shift due to the re-absorption events (secondary-IFE) is introduced as a credible parameter for design of precise fluorescence-based sensors, due to being less dependent on ambient noises. We hope that the findings provide novel features regarding the LIF of Spirulina (SP) that could be utilized to design and develop optical sensors in the field of photonics, material diagnosis and biomedical theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Khayatian
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Bavali
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Moradi
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Glazer AN, Yeh SW, Webb SP, Clark JH. Disk-to-Disk Transfer as the Rate-Limiting Step for Energy Flow in Phycobilisomes. Science 2010; 227:419-23. [PMID: 17815728 DOI: 10.1126/science.227.4685.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A broadly tunable picosecond laser source and an ultrafast streak camera were used to measure temporally and spectrally resolved emission from intact phycobilisomes and from individual phycobiliproteins as a function of excitation wavelength. Both wild-type and mutant phycobilisomes of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6701 were examined, as well as two biliproteins, R-phycoerythrin (240 kilodaltons, 34 bilins) and allophycocyanin (100 kilodaltons, 6 bilins). Measurements of intact phycobilisomes with known structural differences showed that the addition of an average of 1.6 phycoerythrin disks in the phycobilisome rod increased the overall energy transfer time by 30 +/- 5 picoseconds. In the isolated phycobiliproteins the onset of emission was as prompt as that of a solution of rhodamine B laser dye and was independent of excitation wavelength. This imposes an upper limit of 8 picoseconds (instrument-limited) on the transfer time from "sensitizing" to "fluorescing" chromophores in these biliproteins. These results indicate that disk-to-disk transfer is the slowest energy transfer process in phycobilisomes and, in combination with previous structural analyses, show that with respect to energy transfer the lattice of approximately 625 light-harvesting chromophores in the Synechocystis 6701 wild-type phycobilisome functions as a linear five-point array.
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Wendler J, John W, Scheer H, Hoezwarth AR. ENERGY TRANSFER IN TRIMERIC C-PHYCOCYANIN STUDIED BY PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE KINETICS. Photochem Photobiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb03567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Functional assignment of chromophores and energy transfer in C phycocyanin isolated from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(86)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zilinskas BA, Greenwald LS. Phycobilisome structure and function. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1986; 10:7-35. [PMID: 24435274 DOI: 10.1007/bf00024183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/1985] [Revised: 10/18/1985] [Accepted: 10/18/1985] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes are aggregates of light-harvesting proteins attached to the stroma side of the thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and red algae. The water-soluble phycobiliproteins, of which there are three major groups, tetrapyrrole chromophores covalently bound to apoprotein. Several additional protiens are found within the phycobilisome and serve to link the phycobiliproteins to each other in an ordered fashion and also to attach the phycobilisome to the thylakoid membrane. Excitation energy absorbed by phycoerythrin is transferred through phycocyanin to allophycocyanin with an efficiency approximating 100%. This pathway of excitation energy transfer, directly confirmed by time-resolved spectroscopic measurements, has been incorporated into models describing the ultrastructure of the phycobilisome. The model for the most typical type of phycobilisome describes an allophycocyanin-containing core composed of three cylinders arranged so that their longitudinal axes are parallel and their ends form a triangle. Attached to this core are six rod structures which contain phycocyanin proximal to the core and phycoerythrin distal to the core. The axes of these rods are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core. This arrangement ensures a very efficient transfer of energy. The association of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin within the rods and the attachment of the rods to the core and the core to the thylakoid require the presence of several 'linker' polypeptides. It is recently possible to assemble functionally and structurally intact phycobilisomes in vitro from separated components as well as to reassociate phycobilisomes with stripped thylakoids. Understanding of the biosynthesis and in vivo assembly of phycobilisomes will be greatly aided by the current advances in molecular genetics, as exemplified by recent identification of several genes encoding phycobilisome components.Combined ultrastructural, biochemical and biophysical approaches to the study of cyanobacterial and red algal cells and isolated phycobilisome-thylakoid fractions are leading to a clearer understanding of the phycobilisome-thylakoid structural interactions, energy transfer to the reaction centers and regulation of excitation energy distribution. However, compared to our current knowledge concerning the structural and functional organization of the isolated phycobilisome, this research area is relatively unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Zilinskas
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Cook College, Rutgers University, 08903, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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van Grondelle R. Excitation energy transfer, trapping and annihilation in photosynthetic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(85)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bruce D, Biggins J, Steiner T, Thewalt M. Mechanism of the light state transition in photosynthesis. IV. Picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy of Anacystis nidulans and Porphyridium cruentum in state 1 and state 2 at 77 K. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Switalski SC, Sauer K. ENERGY TRANSFER AMONG THE CHROMOPHORES OF C-PHYCOCYANIN FROM Anabaena variabilis USING STEADY STATE AND TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY. Photochem Photobiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb04612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Suter GW, Mazzola P, Wendler J, Holzwarth AR. Fluorescence decay kinetics in phycobilisomes isolated from the bluegreen alga Synechococcus 6301. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wendler J, Holzwarth A, Wehrmeyer W. Picosecond time-resolved energy transfer in phycobilisomes isolated from the red alga Porphyridium cruentum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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HEFFERLE P, JOHN W, SCHEER H, SCHNEIDER S. THERMAL DENATURATION OF MONOMERIC AND TRIMERIC PHYCOCYANINS STUDIED BY STATIC AND POLARIZED TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY. Photochem Photobiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Studies on chromophore coupling in isolated phycobiliproteins. I. Picosecond fluorescence kinetics of energy transfer in phycocyanin 645 from Chroomonas sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karukstis KK, Sauer K. Fluorescence decay kinetics of chlorophyll in photosynthetic membranes. J Cell Biochem 1983; 23:131-58. [PMID: 6373794 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of light by the pigments of photosynthetic organisms results in electronic excitation that provides the energy to drive the energy-storing light reactions. A small fraction of this excitation gives rise to fluorescence emission, which serves as a sensitive probe of the energetics and kinetics of the excited states. The wavelength dependence of the excitation and emission spectra can be used to characterize the nature of the absorbing and fluorescing molecules and to monitor the process of sensitization of the excitation transfer from one pigment to another. This excitation transfer process can also be followed by the progressive depolarization of the emitted radiation. Using time-resolved fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, measurements of these processes can now be characterized to as short as a few picoseconds. Typically, excitation transfer among the antenna or light harvesting pigments occurs within 100 psec, whereupon the excitation has reached a photosynthetic reaction center capable of initiating electron transport. When this trap is functional and capable of charge separation, the fluorescence intensity is quenched and only rapidly decaying kinetic components resulting from the loss of excitation in transit in the antenna pigment bed are observed. When the reaction centers are blocked or saturated by high light intensities, the photochemical quenching is relieved, the fluorescence intensity rises severalfold, and an additional slower decay component appears and eventually dominates the decay kinetics. This slower (1-2 nsec) decay results from initial charge separation followed by recombination in the blocked reaction centers and repopulation of the excited electronic state, leading to a rapid delayed fluorescence component that is the origin of variable fluorescence. Recent growth in the literature in this area is reviewed here, with an emphasis on new information obtained on excitation transfer, trapping, and communication between different portions of the photosynthetic membranes.
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Bose S. CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN GREEN PLANTS AND ENERGY TRANSFER PATHWAYS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photochem Photobiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb09496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Holzwarth AR, Wendler J, Wehrmeyer W. PICOSECOND TIME RESOLVED ENERGY TRANSFER IN ISOLATED PHYCOBILISOMES FROM RHODELLA VIOLACEA (RHODOPHYCEAE). Photochem Photobiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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