1
|
Nwahara N, Abrahams G, Mack J, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. A hypoxia responsive silicon phthalocyanine containing naphthquinone axial ligands for photodynamic therapy activity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 239:112078. [PMID: 36435091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A liposome loaded‑silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc) containing naphthoquinone axial ligands as hypoxia-responsive a prodrug-like moieties (Prodrug-SiPc), is herein reported. With the help of computational methods, this study assessed the photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical redox properties of the Prodrug-SiPc to elucidate the relationship between material structure and properties. The attachment of the axial quinoid moieties endowed the Prodrug-SiPc with Type I/II photochemical and prodrug-like properties. Following liposomal encapsulation, the therapeutic efficacy of Prodrug-SiPc-liposomes was investigated against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Henrietta Lacks (Hela) cancer cells as in vitro cancer models and revealed that the as-synthesized Prodrug-SiPc-liposomes are potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug candidates. The Prodrug-SiPc-liposome takes full advantage of the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors - a side effect PDT - to trigger therapy, resulting in significantly enhanced efficacy compared to typical PDT. This work highlights the importance of multiple characteristics in designing new and effective photosensitizer candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Nwahara
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Garth Abrahams
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garapati C, HS. Boddu S, Jacob S, Ranch KM, Patel C, Jayachandra Babu R, Tiwari AK, Yasin H. Photodynamic Therapy: A Special Emphasis on Nanocarrier-mediated Delivery of Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Therapy. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
3
|
Pola M, Kolarova H, Bajgar R. Generation of singlet oxygen by porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives regarding the oxygen level. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The principle of photodynamic effect is based on the combined action of photosensitiser, molecular oxygen and light, which produce various reactive oxygen species and are associated with significant cellular damage. Singlet oxygen is one of the most serious representatives, which is characterised by powerful oxidising properties. Moreover, concomitant hyperbaric oxygen treatment can support these effects. Therefore, the subject of our study was to compare the yields of singlet oxygen for four different photosensitizers in dependency on the oxygen concentration.
Material and methods. Four different photosensitizers 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate), tetramethylthionine chloride, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II) and zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate were investigated to determine the yield of singlet oxygen in PBS by Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green reagent under different partial pressures of oxygen (0.4 and 36 mg/l).
Results. There were no noticeable shifts in the excitation and emission fluorescence spectra regarding the oxygen concentration. Concerning the same molar concentration of photosensitizers the production of singlet oxygen was highest for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II), where the rate of the fluorescence change was more than 3 times higher than that obtained for 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate). On the other hand, zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate showed the lowest yield in singlet oxygen production.
Conclusions. Singlet oxygen production, within the range of oxygen concentrations achievable in tissues under normoxia or hyperoxia, does not depend on these concentrations. However, the singlet oxygen generation is significantly influenced by the type of photosensitizer, with the highest yield belonging to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin zinc(II).
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis of sulfanyl porphyrazines with bulky peripheral substituents – Evaluation of their photochemical properties and biological activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
5
|
Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105575. [PMID: 31362060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lysosomal and mitochondrial permeabilization mediates zinc(II) cationic phthalocyanine phototoxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2553-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
DECREAU RICHARD, RICHARD MARIEJEANNE, JULLIARD MICHEL. Photodynamic therapy against achromic M6 melanocytes: phototoxicity of lipophilic axially substituted aluminum phthalocyanines and hexadecahalogenated zinc phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic and axially substituted tri-n-hexylsiloxy aluminum phthalocyanine and cholesteryloxy diphenylsiloxy aluminum phthalocyanine were synthesized and assayed in PDT against M6 melanocytes. In the conditions used (λ > 480 nm , 10 mW cm-2, egg-yolk lecithin or cremophor EL formulation) they both exhibited a higher photodynamic effect than chloroaluminum phthalocyanine. They displayed 2% to 3.5% cell viability at 10-5M dose for 20 min irradiation. Hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine was synthesized to increase the lipophilicity of zinc phthalocyanine, hexadecachloro zinc phthalocyanine was also included because it would theoretically enhance the phototoxicity. In all the delivery systems used, their photodynamic effect against M6 melanocytes was lower in comparison with zinc phthalocyanine and axially substituted aluminum phthalocyanines. A 2 h irradiation treatment with 3 × 10-6 M hexadecafluoro zinc phthalocyanine and 10-5 M hexadecachloro zinc phthalocyanine led to 60% and 15% cell viability respectively. In all cases, the cell killing effect was light-and dose-dependent and was higher in cremophor EL micelles than in the egg-yolk lecithin formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RICHARD DECREAU
- Laboratoire AM3: Activation, Mécanismes, Modélisation Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Saint Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille Cédex 20, France
| | - MARIE-JEANNE RICHARD
- Laboratoire de Biochimie C, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire A. Michallon, BP 217X, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex, France
| | - MICHEL JULLIARD
- Laboratoire AM3: Activation, Mécanismes, Modélisation Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Saint Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille Cédex 20, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma J, Chen JY, Idowu M, Nyokong T. Generation of Singlet Oxygen via the Composites of Water-Soluble Thiol-Capped CdTe Quantum DotsSulfonated Aluminum Phthalocyanines. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4465-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ma
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chen
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Mopelola Idowu
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Surface Physics Laboratory (National Key Laboratory), Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa, and State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices, Fudan University, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pashkovskaya AA, Sokolenko EA, Sokolov VS, Kotova EA, Antonenko YN. Photodynamic activity and binding of sulfonated metallophthalocyanines to phospholipid membranes: Contribution of metal-phosphate coordination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:2459-65. [PMID: 17662238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitized efficacy of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines of zinc, aluminum and nickel (ZnPcS(4), AlPcS(4) and NiPcS(4), respectively) as studied by gramicidin channel (gA) photoinactivation was compared with adsorption of the dyes on the surface of a bilayer lipid membrane as measured by the inner field compensation method. The adsorption of the negatively charged phthalocyanines on diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhPC) membranes led to formation of a negative boundary potential difference between the membrane/water interfaces. Good correlation was shown between the photodynamic activity and the membrane binding of the three metallophthalocyanines. ZnPcS(4) appeared to be the most potent of these photosensitizers, while NiPcS(4) was completely ineffective. All of these phthalocyanines displayed no binding and negligible gA photoinactivation with membranes formed of glycerol monooleate (GMO), whereas Rose Bengal exhibited significant binding and photodynamic efficacy with GMO membranes. Gramicidin photoinactivation in the presence of AlPcS(4), being insensitive to the ionic strength of the bathing solution, was inhibited by fluoride and attenuated by phosphate ions. A blue shift of the fluorescence peak position of ZnPcS(4) dissolved in ethanol was elicited by phosphate, similarly to fluoride, which was indicative of the coordination interaction of these ions with the central metal atom of the phthalocyanine macrocycle. This interaction was enhanced in the medium modeling the water-membrane interface. The results obtained imply that binding of tetrasulfonated metallophthalocyanines to phospholipid membranes is determined primarily by metal-phosphate coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina A Pashkovskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kępczyński M, Pandian RP, Smith KM, Ehrenberg B. Do Liposome-binding Constants of Porphyrins Correlate with Their Measured and Predicted Partitioning Between Octanol and Water?¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0760127dlbcop2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Ben-Dror S, Bronshtein I, Wiehe A, Röder B, Senge MO, Ehrenberg B. On the correlation between hydrophobicity, liposome binding and cellular uptake of porphyrin sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:695-701. [PMID: 16435882 DOI: 10.1562/2005-09-01-ra-669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A crucial factor in choosing a porphyrin or analogous photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is its ability to incorporate into the cells. For hydrophobic compounds that partition passively into the cytoplasmic membrane, a partition coefficient between an organic solvent and water, P, is one factor that could be used to predict the molecule's ability to diffuse into biomembranes. We synthesized several porphyrins, modified with two, three or four meso-substituents and studied their spectroscopic and photophysical properties. The octanol-water partitioning coefficients, log P, were calculated as a parameter for hydrophobicity. We found these porphyrins to be very hydrophobic, with log P values in the range of 8.9-11.8. These were correlated with the binding constants of these porphyrins into liposomes, K(b), as well as to their uptake by cells. The correlation between the estimated log P and K(b) is nearly linear but negative, indicating, apparently, that there is lesser binding to liposomes with increased hydrophobicity. On the other hand, all of the studied porphyrins are taken up by cells, but there is no clear correlation between cellular uptake and the log P or K(b). Lipinski's pharmacological "rule of 5" predicts poor permeation of drugs into cells when log P is greater than five. This may be relevant for diffusional binding to liposomes, where aqueous aggregation can interfere strongly with cellular uptake. In such extreme conditions, neither liposome binding nor other rules seem to predict porphyrin behavior in vitro.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kepczyński M, Pandian RP, Smith KM, Ehrenberg B. Do liposome-binding constants of porphyrins correlate with their measured and predicted partitioning between octanol and water? Photochem Photobiol 2002; 76:127-34. [PMID: 12194207 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0127:dlbcop>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested correlations between lipophilicity parameters and the partitioning of sensitizers into membranes. For this purpose we investigated 17 porphyrins and two chlorins having various chemical structures. Some of these compounds possess an amphiphilic structure (including hematoporphyrin, deuteroporphyrin, mesoporphyrin, chlorin e6 and more). The others are very symmetrical sensitizers [meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin, tetra-benzoporphyrin, coproporphyrin I dihydrochloride (CP), meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCP) and meso-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin]. Our investigation also included two series of hematoporphyrins and protoporphyrins with varying lengths of alkylcarboxylate side groups. The partitioning of these compounds between the bulk aqueous phase and liposomes was studied by fluorescence methods, and a liposome-binding constant, Kb, was obtained. It was found that CP and TCP do not incorporate into the lipid phase at pH 7.3. An n-octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) and a distribution coefficient (log D) were predicted with a modeling software. The values of log D were also obtained experimentally. We found that for the studied molecules, the predicted log D correlated well with the measured values. The values of log D as well as log P, in turn, did not correlate nicely, for the whole group of studied compounds, with the binding constants to liposomes. However, in the case of porphyrins that share a similar structure, the Kb showed good linear correlation with both log P and log D. For the series of hematoporphyrins and protoporphyrins with different lengths of alkylcarboxyl groups, it was shown that prolongation of this group caused an increase in the lipophilicity and the liposome-binding constant. This effect is more pronounced for the proto- than for the hematoporphyrin series. The results highlight the possible use, as well as limitations, of lipophilicity parameters for the prediction of membrane binding.
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao L, Qian X, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Tetra-trifluoroethoxyl zinc phthalocyanine: potential photosensitizer for use in the photodynamic therapy of cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 65:35-8. [PMID: 11748003 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetra(trifluoroethoxyl) zinc phthalocyanine, which could be dissolved in most organic solvents, was synthesized. The compound displays a good photocytotoxicity on myeloma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro in the presence of the emulsifying agent F68.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gao
- Institute of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodríguez ME, Strassert CA, Awruch J, Dicelio LE. Synthesis of novel alkylamino zinc(II) phthalocyanines. J Heterocycl Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570380212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Rokitskaya TI, Block M, Antonenko YN, Kotova EA, Pohl P. Photosensitizer binding to lipid bilayers as a precondition for the photoinactivation of membrane channels. Biophys J 2000; 78:2572-80. [PMID: 10777753 PMCID: PMC1300846 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic activity of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanines (AlPcS(n), 1 </= n </= 4) was found to correlate with their affinity for membrane lipids. Adsorbing to the surface of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate induced the highest changes in their electrophoretic mobility. AlPcS(2) was also most efficient in mediating photoinactivation of gramicidin channels, as revealed by measurements of the electric current across planar lipid bilayers. The increase in the degree of sulfonation of phthalocyanine progressively reduced its affinity for the lipid bilayer as well as its potency of sensitizing gramicidin channel photoinactivation. The portion of photoinactivated gramicidin channels, alpha, increased with rising photosensitizer concentration up to some optimum. The concentration at which alpha was at half-maximum amounted to 80 nM, 30 nM, 200 nM, and 2 microM for AlPcS(1), AlPcS(2), AlPcS(3), and AlPcS(4), respectively. At high concentrations alpha was found to decrease, which was attributed to quenching of reactive oxygen species and self-quenching of the photosensitizer triplet state by its ground state. Fluoride anions were observed to inhibit both AlPcS(n) (2 </= n </= 4) binding to LUVs and sensitized photoinactivation of gramicidin channels. It is concluded that photosensitizer binding to membrane lipids is a prerequisite for the photodynamic inactivation of gramicidin channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T I Rokitskaya
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
MacDonald IJ, Morgan J, Bellnier DA, Paszkiewicz GML, Whitaker JE, Litchfield DJ, Dougherty TJ. Subcellular Localization Patterns and Their Relationship to Photodynamic Activity of Pyropheophorbide-a Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Redmond RW, Gamlin JN. A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules. Photochem Photobiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- H Ali
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Decreau R, Richard MJ, Verrando P, Chanon M, Julliard M. Photodynamic activities of silicon phthalocyanines against achromic M6 melanoma cells and healthy human melanocytes and keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1999; 48:48-56. [PMID: 10205878 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorosilicon phthalocyanine (Cl2SiPc) and bis(tri-n-hexylsiloxy) silicon phthalocyanine (HexSiPc) have been evaluated in vitro as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against the human amelanotic melanoma cell line M6. Each photosensitizer is dissolved in a solvent-PBS mixture, or entrapped in egg-yolk lecithin liposomes or in Cremophor EL micelles. The cells are incubated for 1 h with the sensitizer and then irradiated for 20 min, 1 h or 2 h (lambda > 480 nm, 10 mW cm-2). The photocytotoxic effect is dependent on the photosensitizer concentration and the light dose. Higher phototoxicity is observed after an irradiation of 2 h: treatment with a solution of photosensitizer (2 x 10(-9) M) leads to 10% (HexSiPc in egg-yolk lecithin liposomes) or 20% (Cl2SiPc in DMF-PBS solution) cell viability. After 1 h incubation and 20 min of light exposure, the photodynamic effect is connected with the type of delivery system used. For HexSiPc, lower cell viability is found when this photosensitizer is entrapped in egg-yolk lecithin instead of solvent-PBS or for Cremophor EL micelles with Cl2SiPc. Liposome-delivered HexSiPc leads to lipid damage in M6 cells, illustrated by an increase of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARs), but the change is not significant with Cremophor EL. The same is observed for the antioxidative defences after photodynamic stress. The cells irradiated with HexSiPc entrapped in liposomes display an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a decrease of glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (Cat) activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Decreau
- Laboratoire AM: Activation, Mécanismes, Modélisation Moléculaire-ESA CNRS 6009, Faculté des Sciences Saint Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernández DA, Awruch J, Dicelio LE. Photophysical and Aggregation Studies of t-Butyl-Substituted Zn Phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Margaron P, Grégoire MJ, Scasnár V, Ali H, van Lier JE. Structure-photodynamic activity relationships of a series of 4-substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 1996; 63:217-23. [PMID: 8657735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodinated zinc phthalocyanine including [125I]ZnPcI4 and differently sulfonated [65Zn]ZnPcS (ZnPcS4, ZnPcS3, ZnPcS2 and ZnPcS1.75, a mixture of adjacent di and 25% mono) were prepared in order to study cell uptake and release kinetics in EMT-6 cells. The same compounds were evaluated for their in vitro phototoxicity and the biological parameters were compared to partition coefficients to arrive at quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). At 1 microM in 1% serum, at 37 degrees C, all dyes showed rapid cell uptake during the first hour followed by a slow accumulation phase. After 24 h, the highest cellular concentration was observed with the lipophilic ZnPcI4, followed by the amphiphilic ZnPcS2 and ZnPcS1.75. The hydrophilic ZnPcS4 and ZnPcS3 showed lower uptake. Dye release from dye-loaded cells during incubation in dye-free medium could reach up to 60% and was shown to depend mainly on the amount of drug incorporated rather than the type of compound. These results suggest that care should be taken in interpreting dye toxicity data, which involve in vitro cell manipulations in dye-free medium, particularly during in vitro-in vivo protocols. The EMT-6 cell survival after 1 h or 24 h incubation with 1 microM dye in 1% serum followed by exposure to red light was assessed by means of the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Photocytotoxicities correlated inversely with the tendencies of the dyes to aggregate. Increased dye uptake by the cells also correlated with their activities, except for the lipophilic ZnPcI4, which showed the highest cell uptake but little phototoxicity. The QSAR between phototoxicity and the log of the partition coefficients (phosphate-buffered saline and n-octanol) gave a parabola with optimal partition values corresponding to the adjacent sulfonated ZnPcS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Margaron
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cempel N, Piot JM, Aubry JM, Patrice T, Foultier MT, Guillochon D. Photosensitizing activity of porphyrinic peptide hydrolysates derived from bovine hemoglobin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 750:459-64. [PMID: 7785877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb19996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Cempel
- Laboratoire de Technologie des Substances Naturelles, IUT BP 179, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boyle RW, Xie LY, Dolphin D. meso-Phenyl substituted porphocyanines: A new class of functionalized expanded porphyrins. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Boyle RW, Paquette B, van Lier JE. Biological activities of phthalocyanines. XIV. Effect of hydrophobic phthalimidomethyl groups on the in vivo phototoxicity and mechanism of photodynamic action of sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanines. Br J Cancer 1992; 65:813-7. [PMID: 1616852 PMCID: PMC1977750 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1992.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium phthalocyanines substituted to different degrees with hydrophilic sulphonic acid and hydrophobic phthalimidomethyl groups were investigated in vivo as new agents for the photodynamic therapy of malignant tumours. Parameters studied included the photodynamic action on EMT-6 mammary tumours in BALB/c mice, the therapeutic window and the potential for direct cell killing, assayed via an in vivo/in vitro test. Although the efficiency of photoinactivation of the EMT-6 tumour increases by a factor of ten with reduction of the number of sulphonic acid groups from four to two, no further effect was seen with the addition of the hydrophobic phthalimidomethyl groups. Addition of the latter groups however increased the potential for direct cell killing by a factor of two and expanded the therapeutic window by a factor of four, thus improving the usefulness of the dye as a photosensitiser for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Boyle
- MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Moan
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, Oslo
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- I Rosenthal
- Department of Food Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|