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Ablation of SMUG1 Reduces Cell Viability and Increases UVC-Mediated Apoptosis in Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020201. [PMID: 33573186 PMCID: PMC7911780 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uracil is an unavoidable aberrant base in DNA sequences, the repair of which takes place by a highly efficient base excision repair mechanism. The removal of uracil from the genome requires multiple biochemical steps with conformational changes of DNA that inhibit DNA replication and interfere with transcription. However, the relevance of uracil in DNA for cellular physiology and transcriptional regulation is not fully understood. We investigated the functional roles of SMUG1 using knock-down (KD) and knock-out (KO) models. The proliferation ratio of SMUG1 KD and KO cells was decreased compared to WT control cells, and the cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phases before the transition to mitosis. The apoptotic cell death was increased in KD and KO cell lines through the increase of BAX and active caspase 3 expression. Phospho-gamma-H2AX expression, which reflected accumulated DNA damage, was also increased in KO cells. Moreover, the apoptotic cells by DNA damage accumulation were markedly increased in SMUG1 KD and KO cells after ultraviolet C irradiation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq revealed that SMUG1 was involved in gene sets expression including cell cycle transition and chromatin silencing. Together, the results implicate SMUG1 as a critical factor in cell cycle and transcriptional regulation.
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Gao L, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhuo M, Miao M, Tang X, Liu Y, Wang S. The tomato DDI2, a PCNA ortholog, associating with DDB1-CUL4 complex is required for UV-damaged DNA repair and plant tolerance to UV stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 235:101-10. [PMID: 25900570 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CULLIN 4 (CUL4)-DAMAGED DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1)-based ubiquitin E3 ligase modulates diverse cellular processes including repair of damaged genomic DNA. In this study, an uncharacterized gene termed as DDB1-Interacting protein 2 (DDI2) was identified in yeast two-hybrid screening with bait gene DDB1. The co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays further demonstrated that DDI2 is associated with tomato DDB1-CUL4 complex in vivo. It appears that DDI2 encodes an ortholog of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Confocal microscope observation indicated that DDI2-GFP fusion protein was localized in nuclei. The expression of DDI2 gene is constitutive but substantially enhanced by UV-C irradiation. The transgenic tomato plants with overexpression or knockdown of DDI2 gene displayed the increased or decreased tolerance, respectively, to UV-C stress and chemical mutagen cisplatin. The quantitative analysis of UV-induced DNA lesions indicated that the dark repair of DNA damage was accelerated in DDI2 overexpression lines but delayed in knockdown lines. Conclusively, tomato DDI2 gene is required for UV-induced DNA damage repair and plant tolerance to UV stress. In addition, fruits of DDI2 transgenic plants are indistinguishable from that of wild type, regarding fresh weight and nutrient quality. Therefore, overexpression of DDI2 offers a suitable strategy for genetic manipulation of enhancing plant tolerance to UV stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuzhang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yunye Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Institute of Flower, Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering, Zizhong 641200, China
| | - Ming Miao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Boyle GM, Bodero AJ, Pedley J, Leonard JH, Parsons PG. Transcriptional responses of human melanocytes to solar UV. Redox Rep 1999; 4:307-8. [PMID: 10772070 DOI: 10.1179/135100099101535151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G M Boyle
- Queensland Cancer Fund Laboratories and The University of Queensland Joint Experimental Oncology Program, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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Herrlich P, Blattner C, Knebel A, Bender K, Rahmsdorf HJ. Nuclear and non-nuclear targets of genotoxic agents in the induction of gene expression. Shared principles in yeast, rodents, man and plants. Biol Chem 1997; 378:1217-29. [PMID: 9426181 DOI: 10.1515/bchm.1997.378.11.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between environmental cues and the genetic response is decisive for the development, health and well-being of an organism. For some environmental factors a narrow margin separates beneficial and toxic impacts. With the increasing exposure to UV-B this dichotomy has reached public attention. This review will be concerned with the mechanisms that mediate a cellular genetic response to noxious agents. The toxic stimuli find access to the regulatory network inside cells by interacting at several points with cellular molecules - a process that converts the 'outside information' into 'cellular language'. As a consequence of such interactions, many adverse agents cause massive signal transduction and changes of gene expression. There is an interesting conservation of the mechanisms from yeast to man. An understanding of the genetic programs and of their phenotypic consequences is lagging behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Herrlich
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Genetik and Universität Karlsruhe, Germany
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Rosenstein BS, Vaslet CA. Molecular cloning of the human gene SUVCC3 associated with the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks following exposure to solar UV radiation. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1995; 21:255-63. [PMID: 8525431 DOI: 10.1007/bf02255780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DRP 153 cells, which are hypersensitive to solar UV and deficient in the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) following irradiation, were transfected with human DNA and a secondary transformant obtained in which a normal DPC response and solar UV sensitivity reestablished. DNA from this secondary transformant was used to construct a genomic DNA library from which a recombinant phage was isolated containing the human gene capable of restoring a normal DPC response and solar UV sensitivity to DRP 153. This gene has been designated SUVCC3 to denote solar UV cross-complementing gene number 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York 10029, USA
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Rosenstein BS, Vaslet CA. Molecular cloning of the human gene SUVCC2 associated with mutagenesis following the induction of non-dimer DNA damages by solar UV radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1995; 28:203-11. [PMID: 7623185 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07115-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A mutant cell line, DRP 512, sensitive to the induction of non-dimer DNA damages produced by solar UV radiation was derived from ICR 2A frog cells. In addition, the DRP 512 cells exhibited an abnormally high level of ouabain-resistant mutants after exposure to solar UV. A level of 1.1. mutants per 10(6) survivors per kJ m-2 was measured for ICR 2A whereas the yield was 4.2 mutants per 10(6) survivors per kJ m-2 for the solar-UV-sensitive cell line. The DRP 512 cells were transfected with human DNA and a secondary transformant obtained in which normal solar UV sensitivity and mutation induction were restored. DNA from this secondary transformant was used to construct a genomic DNA library from which a recombinant phage was isolated containing the human gene capable of restoring normal solar UV sensitivity and mutation induction to DRP 512. This gene has been designated SUVCC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, NY 10029, USA
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