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Horesh D, Hasson-Ohayon I, Harwood-Gross A. The Contagion of Psychopathology across Different Psychiatric Disorders: A Comparative Theoretical Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 12:67. [PMID: 35053808 PMCID: PMC8774068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychopathology is often studied and treated from an individual-centered approach. However, studies have shown that psychological distress is often best understood from a contextual, environmental perspective. This paper explores the literature on emotional contagion and symptom transmission in psychopathology, i.e., the complex ways in which one person's psychological distress may yield symptoms among others in his/her close environment. We argue that emotions, cognitions, and behaviors often do not stay within the borders of the individual, but rather represent intricate dynamic experiences that are shared by individuals, as well as transmitted between them. While this claim was comprehensively studied in the context of some disorders (e.g., secondary traumatization and the "mimicking" of symptoms among those close to a trauma survivor), it was very scarcely examined in the context of others. We aim to bridge this gap in knowledge by examining the literature on symptom transmission across four distinct psychiatric disorders: PTSD, major depression, OCD, and psychosis. We first review the literature on emotional contagion in each disorder separately, and then we subsequently conduct a comparative analysis highlighting the shared and differential mechanisms underlying these processes in all four disorders. In this era of transdiagnostic conceptualizations of psychopathology, such an examination is timely, and it may carry important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
| | - Anna Harwood-Gross
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
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Maon I, Horesh D, Gvion Y. Siblings of Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32695030 PMCID: PMC7338552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychopathologies characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating or eating-related behavior. Studies have shown EDs' detrimental consequences not only for patients, but also for their families. Nevertheless, a specific group that has so far been neglected, in both the research and clinical fields, are siblings of individuals with EDs. In an effort to identify this population's needs, and to facilitate effective prevention and treatment, this paper aims to review the existing literature on the subject, and examine siblings' personal experience, ways of coping, and levels of psychopathology. PubMed and PsycNet databases were searched with no publication date restrictions, yielding 26 relevant papers. Studies were categorized according to common themes they addressed, and subsequently summarized by highlighting common features, as well as information unique to each study. Several themes emerged, including emotional well-being, psychopathology, social consequences, family dynamics, and coping strategies. Results show that EDs experienced by one individual have significant effects on one's siblings, such as a decrease in quality of life, social isolation, and elevated familial strain. In several studies siblings were found to have elevated levels of psychopathology and EDs related symptoms. Nevertheless, findings' nature and magnitude were highly varied. The review indicates the need for further studies that will examine possible intra- and interpersonal moderating factors for EDs' impact on well-being among siblings, and take into consideration the substantial heterogeneity in studies conducted thus far. Additionally, this review highlights the need for novel and effective interventions, specifically targeting this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Maon
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Yari Gvion
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Kapel Lev‐Ari R, Solomon Z, Horesh D. Far away, so close: The role of self‐differentiation in psychopathology among spouses of ex‐POWs and comparable combatants. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1904-1922. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahava Solomon
- I‐CORE Research Center for Mass Trauma Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
- Department of Psychiatry New York University Langone Medical Center New York New York
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Hadar E, Sagron M, Peleg O. Parenting among mothers exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood: An exploratory study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 55:789-800. [PMID: 31823394 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mothers living in areas exposed to ongoing military conflict are at higher risk for psychological difficulties, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, than those not living in such areas. The aim of this two-part exploratory study was twofold. The first aim was to examine differences between mothers who grew up under ongoing military conflict in childhood and mothers who did not grow up in affected areas in terms of their levels of differentiation of self and parental self-efficacy (PSE). The second aim was to identify and describe the parenting experiences of mothers who were exposed to military conflict in childhood. In Part 1 of the study, the sample included 120 mothers (half of whom reported on being exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood). Findings showed that mothers exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood reported lower levels of differentiation of self and PSE than their counterparts. In Part 2, 10 mothers who were exposed to ongoing military conflict as children were interviewed about their experience as parents and their PSE. Results indicated that the mothers felt their childhood experiences affected their parenting and PSE negatively, resulting in anxiety, difficulty dealing with stress and sometimes posttraumatic symptoms as well as parental patterns of overprotectiveness, separation anxiety and intergenerational transmission of anxiety. The results highlight the consequences of exposure to ongoing military conflict during childhood on levels of differentiation of self and parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Hadar
- The Department of Counseling, The Academic College, Emek Yizreel, Israel
| | - Mirit Sagron
- The Department of Counseling, The Academic College, Emek Yizreel, Israel
| | - Ora Peleg
- The Department of Counseling, The Academic College, Emek Yizreel, Israel
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Lahav Y, Price N, Crompton L, Laufer A, Solomon Z. Sexual Satisfaction in Spouses of Ex-POWs: The Role of PTSD Symptoms and Self-Differentiation. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2019; 45:755-766. [PMID: 30924723 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2019.1594478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spouses of former prisoners-of-war (ex-POWs) are at risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and marital distress. This study assessed the implications of PTSS and self-differentiation for sexual satisfaction among 90 ex-POWs' spouses and 75 matched combatants' spouses from the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Standardized questionnaires were used. Ex-POWs' spouses had elevated PTSS and imbalanced self-differentiation. PTSS were associated with poorer self-differentiation and lower sexual satisfaction. Imbalanced self-differentiation mediated the association between PTSS and sexual satisfaction. The findings imply that PTSS and imbalanced self-differentiation contribute to low sexual satisfaction among spouses of primary trauma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
- I-CORE Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Price
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laura Crompton
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
- I-CORE Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avital Laufer
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College , Netanya, Israel
| | - Zahava Solomon
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
- I-CORE Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
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Doncaster E, Hiskey S, McPherson S, Andrews L. "I'm Still Fighting for the Two of Us": How Partners of UK Veterans Construct Their Experience of Living with Combat-Related Trauma. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2019; 45:464-479. [PMID: 29876957 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been little qualitative research into the experiences of UK partners of veterans with PTSD. This study therefore aimed to explore how partners constructed their experiences of living with the condition. Fifteen female partners of male UK veterans were recruited and interviewed. Using a social constructionist thematic analysis, five themes were constructed: the women's need to subdue own emotional and behavioral responses; dilemmas about whether the veteran was unwell or 'bad'; attempts at negotiating multiple roles; challenging the narrative of veterans as heroes; and the relational struggle with the transition to nonmilitary life. This study highlighted the importance of considering the veteran as existing within a relational and cultural context, and the need to include partners in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syd Hiskey
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
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Dekel R, Siegel A, Fridkin S, Svetlitzky V. Does It Help? The Contribution of Wives' Ways of Giving Support to Their Veteran Husbands' Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Functional Impairment. J Trauma Stress 2018; 31:856-865. [PMID: 30548364 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to understand female partners' ways of giving support to their male military veteran partners' adjustment. Specifically, we examined the direct and moderating contributions female partners' ways of giving support-active engagement, protective buffering, or overprotection-make on their male partners' posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and functional impairment. Our hypotheses were that (a) female partners' active engagement would be negatively correlated with male veterans' PTSS and positively associated with veterans' functioning, (b) female partners' protective buffering and overprotection would be positively correlated with veterans' PTSS and negatively associated with veterans' functioning, and (c) female partners' ways of giving support would moderate the association between their secondary PTSS and male partners' adjustment. Participants were 300 male Israeli veterans of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon War and their female partners, all of whom completed self-report questionnaires. Active engagement did not contribute to female partners' or veterans' adjustment. In addition, whereas the correlations showed both female partners' protective buffering and overprotection were associated with male veterans' adjustment, the regression analysis showed only protective buffering made a direct, η2 = .040 and .053, and moderating contribution to veterans' adjustment, η2 = .019 and .016. Results revealed that when the level of protective buffering was high, female partners' secondary PTSS was associated more positively and strongly with veterans' PTSS than when protective buffering was low. The discussion reviews the complexity of giving support in couples when the veteran has PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alana Siegel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shimon Fridkin
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vlad Svetlitzky
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Peleg O, Messerschmidt-Grandi C. Differentiation of self and trait anxiety: A cross-cultural perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 54:816-827. [PMID: 30289168 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cultural differences are likely to affect the ability to deal with anxiety. We investigated this issue among four cultural groups-Germans and Italians (Europeans living in South Tyrol, Italy), Jews and Arabs (Israelis)-in terms of their levels of differentiation of self, trait anxiety and somatic symptoms. We also examined the relationship of differentiation of self to trait anxiety and somatic symptoms. The sample consisted of 824 students: 387 Israelis (mean age 23.6) and 437 Europeans (mean age 22.3). Israeli participants reported lower levels of trait anxiety than European students. Jewish students reported lower trait anxiety than Arab students (mean difference = -.14, p < .009), while there was no difference between German and Italian students (mean difference = .03, p > .99). Jews reported a significantly lower level of emotional cutoff than Arabs (mean difference = -.45, p < .001), and Germans reported a significantly lower level of emotional reactivity than Italians (mean difference = .29, p < .001). Emotional reactivity and I-position predicted all participants' trait anxiety. On the whole, results point to the importance of examining differentiation of self when trying to reduce trait anxiety, as well as some important cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Peleg
- The Max Stern Yezreel Academic College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
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Gribble R, Thandi GK, Goodwin L, Fear NT. Hazardous alcohol consumption among spouses or partners of military service personnel: a systematic review of the literature. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 164:380-388. [PMID: 29326125 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse is particularly high among both the UK and US Armed Forces. As alcohol use among couples is associated, military spouses or partners may therefore be at a higher risk of acquiring hazardous drinking behaviours than people in relationships with other occupational groups. METHOD A literature review using a systematic approach was undertaken in four medical databases and supplemented with hand searches of specialist publications and reference lists. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among military spouses or partners was estimated and potential sociodemographic and military factors associated with this outcome were identified. RESULTS Nine papers met inclusion criteria, of which eight focused on female spouses or partners only. The limited evidence suggests hazardous alcohol consumption was not a common outcome among spouses or partners. None of the papers statistically compared the prevalence among spouses or partners to estimates from the general population and few reported associations with sociodemographic or military factors. Deployment abroad did not appear to be significantly associated with hazardous consumption, although increasing periods of separation from Service personnel may be associated with increased hazardous consumption among spouses or partners. CONCLUSION Limited evidence was found concerning the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among military spouses or partners or which sociodemographic and military factors might be associated with this outcome. The a dominance of US studies means applying the estimates of these outcomes to other nations must be undertaken with care due to differences in cultural attitudes to alcohol as well as differences between military structure and operations between the US and other nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gribble
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G K Thandi
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Goodwin
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N T Fear
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, London, UK
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Zerach G, Solomon Z. Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms among former prisoners of wars’ adult offspring. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2017; 31:21-31. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2017.1368835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Zerach
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Zahava Solomon
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work and I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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The Roles of Fathers' Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Adult Offspring's Differentiation of the Self in the Intergenerational Transmission of Captivity Trauma. J Clin Psychol 2017; 73:848-863. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Diehle J, Brooks SK, Greenberg N. Veterans are not the only ones suffering from posttraumatic stress symptoms: what do we know about dependents' secondary traumatic stress? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:35-44. [PMID: 27770173 PMCID: PMC5227001 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has mainly focused on veterans' mental health problems, especially on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Less is known about the impact that the veteran's experienced potentially traumatic events (PTEs) might have on their significant others. Therefore, we reviewed the scientific literature to find out what is known about the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) in significant others of veterans. METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library and PILOTS for relevant articles. This search resulted in 3100 records from which we included 48 articles. RESULTS Two studies that reported on parental PTSD did not find evidence that parents were affected by their offspring's experience. Nine studies that reported on PTSD in mainly adult children of veterans found only scant evidence that children were affected by their parent's experienced PTE. Twenty-seven studies investigated PTSD symptoms in partners of veterans. Here results varied largely between studies with PTSD rates between 0 and 51 %. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found the strongest evidence of STS in partners of help-seeking veterans with PTSD. The lack of clarity provided by the currently available evidence suggests a pressing need for further work to examine this subject in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Diehle
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | | | - Neil Greenberg
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ UK ,Academic Department of Military Mental Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Lahav Y, Stein JY, Solomon Z. Keeping a healthy distance: Self-differentiation and perceived health among ex-prisoners-of-war's wives. J Psychosom Res 2016; 89:61-8. [PMID: 27663112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE War captivity may affect spouses of former-prisoners-of-war (ex-POWs) in many ways, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and somatic difficulties manifested in negative perceived health. This is generally known as secondary traumatization. Theory suggests that development of secondary traumatization occurs through the relationship with the primary trauma survivor Figley (1986) , thus implying that the ability to keep balanced emotional distance in the relationship may play a pivotal role. Notwithstanding, the contribution of self-differentiation to secondary somatic disturbances remains largely uninvestigated. The current study fills this gap. METHODS Ex-POWs' wives (n=143) and control former-combatants' wives (n=102), were assessed prospectively 30 (T1) and 38 (T2) years after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Self-differentiation and PTSS were assessed at both time-points, while perceived health measures were assessed at T2. RESULTS Wives of ex-POWs endorsed higher PTSS, lower self-differentiation and negative perceived health, compared to control wives. Indirect exposure to war captivity was related to low self-differentiation and elevated PTSS, which predicted negative perceived health. Furthermore, self-differentiation characterized by fusion-with-others fully mediated the relation between indirect exposure to war captivity and perceived health, beyond the effects of PTSS as a mechanism. CONCLUSION Results suggest that tendencies towards fusion-with-others within the marital relationship, act as a risk factor not only for psychological distress but also for somatic distress among secondary trauma survivors. Hence, clinical interventions may seek to improve indirect trauma survivor's self-differentiation capacities, thus potentially facilitating the prevention of secondary somatic distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Lahav
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Psychology, Odense, Denmark; I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Jacob Y Stein
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Zahava Solomon
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Parker EO, Chang J, Thomas V. A Content Analysis of Quantitative Research in Journal of Marital and Family Therapy: A 10-Year Review. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2016; 42:3-18. [PMID: 26815008 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the trends of quantitative research over the past 10 years in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy (JMFT). Specifically, within the JMFT, we investigated the types and trends of research design and statistical analysis within the quantitative research that was published in JMFT from 2005 to 2014. We found that while the amount of peer-reviewed articles have increased over time, the percentage of quantitative research has remained constant. We discussed the types and trends of statistical analysis and the implications for clinical work and training programs in the field of marriage and family therapy.
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Social anxiety and differentiation of self: A comparison of Jewish and Arab college students. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gerlock AA, Grimesey J, Sayre G. Military-related posttraumatic stress disorder and intimate relationship behaviors: a developing dyadic relationship model. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2014; 40:344-356. [PMID: 24749950 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The protracted conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan and an all-volunteer military has resulted in multiple war zone deployments for many service members. While quick redeployment turnaround has left little time for readjustment for either the service member or family, dealing with the long-term sequelae of combat exposure often leaves families and intimate partners ill-prepared for years after deployments. Using a modified grounded theory approach, digitally recorded couple interviews of 23 couples were purposefully selected from a larger sample of 441 couples to better understand the impact of war zone deployment on the couple. The veteran sample was recruited from a randomly selected cohort of men in treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Overall, it was found when veterans experiencing deployment-related PTSD reenter or start new intimate relationships they may bring with them a unique cluster of interrelated issues which include PTSD symptoms, physical impairment, high rates of alcohol and/or drug abuse, and psychological and physical aggression. These factors contributed to a dynamic of exacerbating conflict. How these couples approached relationship qualities of mutuality, balanced locus of control and weakness tolerance across six axes of caregiving, disability, responsibility, trauma, communication, and community impacted the couple's capacity to communicate and resolve conflict. This dyadic relationship model is used to help inform implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- April A Gerlock
- School of Nursing, University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Health Services Research and Development, NW Center of Excellence
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Peleg O. The relationships between stressful life events during childhood and differentiation of self and intergenerational triangulation in adulthood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 49:462-70. [PMID: 25355669 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between stressful life events in childhood and differentiation of self and intergenerational triangulation in adulthood. The sample included 217 students (173 females and 44 males) from a college in northern Israel. Participants completed the Hebrew versions of Life Events Checklist (LEC), Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R) and intergenerational triangulation (INTRI). The main findings were that levels of stressful life events during childhood and adolescence among both genders were positively correlated with the levels of fusion with others and intergenerational triangulation. The levels of positive life events were negatively related to levels of emotional reactivity, emotional cut-off and intergenerational triangulation. Levels of stressful life events in females were positively correlated with emotional reactivity. Intergenerational triangulation was correlated with emotional reactivity, emotional cut-off, fusion with others and I-position. Findings suggest that families that experience higher levels of stressful life events may be at risk for higher levels of intergenerational triangulation and lower levels of differentiation of self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Peleg
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education, The Academic College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
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Peleg O, Rahal A. Physiological symptoms and differentiation of self: A cross-cultural examination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 2012; 36:719-727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
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Zerach G, Anat BD, Solomon Z, Heruti R. Posttraumatic Symptoms, Marital Intimacy, Dyadic Adjustment, and Sexual Satisfaction among Ex-Prisoners of War. J Sex Med 2010; 7:2739-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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