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Cordoni G, Ciantia A, Guéry JP, Mulot B, Norscia I. Rapid facial mimicry in Platyrrhini: Play face replication in spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps, Ateles hybridus, and Ateles paniscus). Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23607. [PMID: 38369692 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Rapid facial mimicry (RFM), the rapid and automatic replication of facial expression perceived, is considered a basic form of empathy and was investigated mainly during play. RFM occurs in Catarrhini (Old World primates), but it is not still demonstrated in Platyrrhini (New World primates). For this reason, we collected video data on playful interactions (Nplay_interactions = 149) in three species of spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps-N = 11, Ateles hybridus-N = 14, and Ateles paniscus-N = 6) housed at La Vallée des Singes and the ZooParc de Beauval (France). For the first time, we demonstrated the occurrence of RFM in Platyrrhini (analyzing 175 events). Players' sex, age, species, relationship quality, and kinship did not modulate RFM probably due to the species' complex fission-fusion dynamics and flexible interindividual social relationships. Compared to the absence of any playful expressions or the presence of only not replicated play face, RFM prolonged the session duration and was sequentially associated with more types of more intense offensive playful patterns (patterns aimed at attacking/pursuing the playmate). We proposed that RFM may favor synchronization and context sharing between players, thus decreasing the risk of behavior misinterpretation while simultaneously fostering a more competitive nature of play. In conclusion, this study stimulates additional research on the evolutionary origins of motor mimicry in primates, possibly dating back to before the divergence of New and Old World monkeys. Furthermore, it also points toward the possibility that RFM may not always lead to cooperation but also to competition, depending on the context and species' social and cognitive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Cordoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ciantia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Baptiste Mulot
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Ivan Norscia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Clarkson BG, Wagstaff CRD, Arthur CA, Thelwell RC. Measuring emotional contagion as a multidimensional construct: the development and initial validation of the contagion of affective phenomena scales. J Soc Psychol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38687698 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2348486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
We offer an alternative conceptualization of the construct of susceptibility to emotional contagion and four related studies where two separate measures were developed and initially validated. The Contagion of Affective Phenomena Scale-General (CAPS-G) is a 5-item scale that measures the general susceptibility to the contagion of affect, and the Contagion of Affective Phenomena Scale - Emotion (CAPS-E) assesses six distinct emotions. Study 1 generated items with experts. Study 2 explored and confirmed construct validity and the factorial structure of both measures using exploratory structural equation modeling. Study 3 established test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. Study 4 found predictive validity with a sample of competitive swimmers. In four separate samples, a 21-item and 6-factor first-order structure of CAPS-E provided the best model fit. We provide initial evidence that supports the use of CAPS-E and CAPS-G as reliable and valid measures of the susceptibility to contagion of affective phenomena.
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Feng Y, Cui J. Emotional Exhaustion and Emotional Contagion: Navigating Turnover Intention of Healthcare Personnel. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1731-1742. [PMID: 38659635 PMCID: PMC11041967 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s460088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the role of personal emotions and emotional contagion within organizations on the behavior and attitudes of healthcare personnel. This study is expected to provide a theoretical foundation for reducing resignation behaviors and improving healthcare quality. Materials and Methods This study adopted a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional survey through an online questionnaire. The bootstrap method with 5000 iterations was used to validate the role of variables within a 95% confidence interval. SPSS 26.0 and Model 5 in Process 3.4 for SPSS were used for the data analysis. Results This research involved 459 healthcare personnel, whose levels of role overload (3.821±0.925), emotional exhaustion (3.436±1.189), and turnover emotional contagion (3.110±1.099) were notably high. Role overload was positively related to turnover intention, with emotional exhaustion as a mediator. Notably, turnover emotional contagion exerted a positive moderating effect. Conclusion This study emphasizes the adverse effects of emotional exhaustion and turnover emotional contagion in the Chinese context, offering practical recommendations for medical organizational managers to navigate turnover intention among healthcare personnel. This study suggests paying attention to the emotional state of healthcare personnel and providing adequate support resources. Managers should routinely assess and track turnover emotional contagion within the organization, fostering a positive emotional atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Feng
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Human Resources Office, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Müller-Klein A, Braun MN, Ferreira de Sá DS, Michael T, Link-Dorner U, Lass-Hennemann J. A Relaxed Horse-A Relaxed Client? An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Therapy Horses' Stress on Clients' Stress, Mood, and Anxiety. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:604. [PMID: 38396572 PMCID: PMC10886220 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine-assisted therapies are becoming increasingly popular for addressing physical and psychological disabilities in clients. The role of the horse's welfare in equine-assisted service receives increasing attention in research. Several studies have shown that horses are able to perceive human emotions and respond to human stress responses. However, no research has yet looked at the other side of the coin-whether and how humans perceive and react to equine stress levels during equine-assisted services. To fill this gap in the research, we employed a within-subjects design, in which horse-naïve participants had a standardized interaction with both an experimentally stressed horse and an experimentally relaxed horse. We assessed physiological indicators of stress (heart rate, heart rate variability, and salivary cortisol) in participants and horses, as well as psychological indicators of stress (state anxiety and positive and negative affect) in participants. Although our stress and relaxation manipulations were successful (indicated by horses' physiological indicators of stress), we did not find any difference in the participants' physiological or psychological indicators of stress between the interaction with a stressed and the interaction with a relaxed horse. Together with results from previous studies, this suggests that humans cannot intuitively recognize the (physiological) stress level of horses, which has important implications for effective communication and bonding between humans and horses and for the safety of equine activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Müller-Klein
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.M.-K.); (M.N.B.); (D.S.F.d.S.); (T.M.)
- Institut für Tiergestützte Ausbildung und Therapie (ITAT), Eschringerstraße 70, 66131 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Moritz Nicolai Braun
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.M.-K.); (M.N.B.); (D.S.F.d.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Diana S. Ferreira de Sá
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.M.-K.); (M.N.B.); (D.S.F.d.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tanja Michael
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.M.-K.); (M.N.B.); (D.S.F.d.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Ulrike Link-Dorner
- Institut für Tiergestützte Ausbildung und Therapie (ITAT), Eschringerstraße 70, 66131 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.M.-K.); (M.N.B.); (D.S.F.d.S.); (T.M.)
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Boukarras S, Ferri D, Borgogni L, Aglioti SM. Neurophysiological markers of asymmetric emotional contagion: implications for organizational contexts. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1321130. [PMID: 38357225 PMCID: PMC10861795 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1321130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions play a vital role within organizations, impacting various crucial aspects of work such as job satisfaction, performance, and employee well-being. Understanding how emotional states spread in organizational settings is therefore essential. Recent studies have highlighted that a leader's emotional state can influence their followers, with significant consequences on job performance. Leaders thus possess the ability to influence their employees' psychological state and, consequently, their well-being. However, the biological underpinnings of emotional contagion from leaders to followers remain unexplored. The field of interpersonal (neuro)physiology, which involves recording brain and peripheral activity of multiple individuals during interactions, holds great potential for investigating this phenomenon. Analyzing the time-lagged synchronization of neurophysiological activity during interactions may serve as a measure of the leader's influence on their followers in organizational contexts. In this "mini review," we examine empirical studies that have employed interpersonal (neuro)physiology to quantify the asymmetrical contagion of emotions in different contexts. Asymmetrical contagion was operationalized as the unidirectional influence exerted by one individual (i.e., the "sender") to another one (i.e., the "receiver"), whereby the receiver's state can be predicted by the sender's one. The reviewed literature reveals that delayed synchronization of physiological states is a widespread phenomenon that may underpin the transmission of emotions. These findings have significant implications for various aspects of organizational life, including leader-to-employee communication, and could drive the development of effective leadership training programs. We propose that Organizational Neuroscience may benefit from including interpersonal neurophysiology in its methodological toolkit for laboratory and field studies of leader-follower dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Boukarras
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Ferri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ernst and Young (EY), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Borgogni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome and CLN2S@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy
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Chen Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Wei Y, Hu P. The Reward-Related Shift of Emotional Contagion from the Observer's Perspective Correlates to Their Intimacy with the Expresser. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:934. [PMID: 37998681 PMCID: PMC10669892 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have found a bidirectional relationship between emotional contagion and reward, there is insufficient research to prove the effect of reward on the social function of emotional contagion. To explore this issue, the current study used electroencephalography (EEG) and the interactive way in which the expresser played games to help participants obtain reward outcomes. The results demonstrated a significant correlation between changes in emotional contagion and closeness, indicating that emotional contagion has a social regulatory function. Regarding the impact of reward outcomes, the results showed that compared to the context of a loss, in the context of a win, participants' closeness toward the expresser shifted to a more intimate level, their emotional contagion changed in a more positive direction, and the activity of the late positive component (LPC) of the event-related potentials (ERPs) changed to a greater extent. Significantly, the mediation results demonstrated the effect of reward and indicated that changes in the LPC elicited while experiencing the expressers' emotion predicted the subsequent shifts in closeness through alterations in emotional contagion of the anger emotion in the winning context and the happy emotion in the loss context. This study provides empirical evidence regarding the social function of emotional contagion and proves for the first time that the reward context plays a role in it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ping Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 of Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Sun F, Yao Y, Bai Z, Sun H, Zhao Q, Li X. Emotional Contagion and Social Support in Pigs with the Negative Stimulus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3160. [PMID: 37893884 PMCID: PMC10603741 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study expects to confirm the existence of emotional transmission in pigs from multiple perspectives and to provide theoretical references for improving animal welfare in livestock farming. A group that could directly observe (DO) and a group that could not directly observe (NO) were created based on whether or not their peers observed the treatment process, as the treated pig (TP) was treated with electrical shock and the companion pig (CP) either witnessed the treatment inflicted upon TP or not, and a third group was a control group, in which neither pig was stimulated. The behavioral responses of both the TPs and CPs were recorded to evaluate the emotional reaction. The results found that in both the DO and NO groups, the frequency of TP freezing was significantly higher than that of CP, and CP was significantly higher than that of the control group. Interestingly, although the social interaction responses of the CPs were not similar in the DO and NO groups, there were no significant differences between the behaviors of TPs in the DO and NO groups, except for nose-nose contact and a single approach to the partition, which allowed us to conclude that, whether or not the pigs directly observed the negative treatment, they were able to respond accordingly to fear and provide similar social support to their companions who were treated negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yuhan Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ziyu Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hanqing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Y.); (Z.B.); (H.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road No. 600, Harbin 150030, China
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Greenberg DM, Milstein N, Gilboa A, Cohen S, Haimovich N, Siegman S, Pinhasi S, Gordon I. Improvised herding: Mapping biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie group efficacy during improvised social interaction. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14307. [PMID: 37073965 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Improvisation is a natural occurring phenomenon that is central to social interaction. Yet, improvisation is an understudied area in group processes and intergroup relations. Here we build on theory and research about human herding to study the contributions of improvisation on group efficacy and its biobehavioral underpinnings. We employed a novel multimodal approach and integrative method when observing face-to-face interactions-51 triads (total N = 153) drummed together in spontaneous-free improvisations as a group, while their electrodermal activity was monitored simultaneously with their second-by-second rhythmic coordination on a shared electronic drum machine. Our results show that three hypothesized factors of human herding-physiological synchrony, behavioral coordination, and emotional contagion-predict a sense of group efficacy in its group members. These findings are some of the first to show herding at three levels (physiological, behavioral, and mental) in a single study and lay a basis for understanding the role of improvisation in social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Greenberg
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nir Milstein
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Avi Gilboa
- Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shai Cohen
- Department of Music, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nir Haimovich
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shahar Siegman
- The Department of Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Pinhasi
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilanit Gordon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Science Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Keller S, Yule S, Smink DS, Zagarese V, Safford S, Valea FA, Beldi G, Henrickson Parker S. Alone Together: Is Strain Experienced Concurrently by Members of Operating Room Teams?: An Event-based Study. Ann Surg Open 2023; 4:e333. [PMID: 37746629 PMCID: PMC10513207 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify which strain episodes are concurrently reported by several team members; to identify triggers of strain experienced by operating room (OR) team members during the intraoperative phase. Summary OR teams are confronted with many sources of strain. However, most studies investigate strain on a general, rather than an event-based level, which does not allow to determine if strain episodes are experienced concurrently by different team members. Methods We conducted an event-based, observational study, at an academic medical center in North America and included 113 operations performed in 5 surgical departments (general, vascular, pediatric, gynecology, and trauma/acute care). Strain episodes were assessed with a guided-recall method. Immediately after operations, participants mentally recalled the operation, described the strain episodes experienced and their content. Results Based on 731 guided recalls, 461 strain episodes were reported; these refer to 312 unique strain episodes. Overall, 75% of strain episodes were experienced by a single team member only. Among different categories of unique strain episodes, those triggered by task complexity, issues with material, or others' behaviors were typically experienced by 1 team member only. However, acute patient issues (n = 167) and observations of others' strain (n = 12) (respectively, 58.5%; P < 0.001 and 83.3%; P < 0.001) were often experienced by 2 or more team members. Conclusions and relevance OR team members are likely to experience strain alone, unless patient safety is at stake. This may jeopardize the building of a shared understanding among OR team members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Keller
- From the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steven Yule
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Douglas S. Smink
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shawn Safford
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA
- Center for Simulation, Research and Patient Safety, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA
| | - Fidel A. Valea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Henrickson Parker
- From the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
- Center for Simulation, Research and Patient Safety, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA
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Paganin G, Avanzi L, Guglielmi D, Alcover CM, Mazzetti G. How Emotional Contagion among Teachers Affects the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Team Cohesion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:685. [PMID: 37622825 PMCID: PMC10451881 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Teachers and educators are experiencing turmoil under the drastic changes in educational practices caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to research, transformational leaders effectively facilitate organizational change by fostering teachers' sense of belonging and boosting social identity in their team members, which can result in better team well-being via higher team cohesion. Recently, research has increasingly explored the role of emotional contagion and its relationship with leadership. Accordingly, the current study aims to delve deeper into the role of emotional contagion in linking transformational leadership to cohesion among teachers in the school setting. To this purpose, 581 teachers from northern Italy filled out a self-report questionnaire (72.1% female, Mage = 47.06, and SDage = 11.42). A moderated mediation model was tested to assess the mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between transformational leadership and team cohesion and how emotional contagion may moderate this association. The obtained results provided support to the hypothesized model. Overall, the present study corroborates the critical role of school principals' behavior in fostering greater organizational identification among teachers, which is associated with better team cohesion. This study constitutes an early attempt to gain more insight into the role of emotional variables in explaining the influence of leadership behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Paganin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avanzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Dina Guglielmi
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Greta Mazzetti
- Department of Educational Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Breton JM, Cort Z, Demaestri C, Critz M, Nevins S, Downend K, Ofray D, Romeo RD, Bath KG. Early life adversity reduces affiliative behavior towards a distressed cagemate and leads to sex-specific alterations in corticosterone responses. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.20.549876. [PMID: 37502995 PMCID: PMC10370200 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing early life adversity (ELA) alters stress physiology and increases the risk for developing psychiatric disorders. The social environment can influence dynamics of stress responding and buffer and/or transfer stress across individuals. Yet, the impact of ELA on sensitivity to the stress of others and social behavior following stress is unknown. Here, to test the impact of ELA on social and physiological responses to stress, circulating blood corticosterone (CORT) and social behaviors were assessed in adult male and female mice reared under limited bedding and nesting (LBN) or control conditions. To induce stress, one cagemate of a pair-housed cage underwent a footshock paradigm and was then returned to their unshocked partner. CORT was measured in both mice 20 or 90 minutes after stress exposure, and social behaviors were recorded and analyzed. ELA rearing influenced the CORT response to stress in a sex-specific manner. In males, both control and ELA-reared mice exhibited similar stress transfer to unshocked cagemates and similar CORT dynamics. In contrast, ELA females showed a heightened stress transfer to unshocked cagemates, and sustained elevation of CORT relative to controls, indicating enhanced stress contagion and a failure to terminate the stress response. Behaviorally, ELA females displayed decreased allogrooming and increased investigative behaviors, while ELA males showed reduced huddling. Together, these findings demonstrate that ELA influenced HPA axis dynamics, social stress contagion and social behavior. Further research is needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms and long-term consequences of ELA on stress systems and their impact on behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Breton
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoey Cort
- Barnard College of Columbia University, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camila Demaestri
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madalyn Critz
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Nevins
- Brown University, Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kendall Downend
- Barnard College of Columbia University, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayshalis Ofray
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell D Romeo
- Barnard College of Columbia University, Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Plusquellec P, Smart K, Denault V. Facial Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli is Related to Empathic Concern, Empathic Distress, and Depressive Symptoms in Social Work Students. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231181027. [PMID: 37395094 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231181027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Helping professionals are exposed daily to the emotional burden of their vulnerable clients and are at risk of unconscious emotional contagion that may lead to stress and emotional distress. Being aware of their own susceptibility to emotional contagion, however, can improve their well-being. This study aimed to propose an objective measure of emotional contagion, complementary to the Emotional Contagion Scale, and to evaluate its construct and predictive validity. To do so, we turned to FACET, an automatic facial coding software using the Facial Action Coding System, to measure participants' facial expressions as they watched movie clips eliciting specific emotional responses. Results show that both tools to measure emotional contagion (objective and self-reported) are complementary, but they do not measure the same psychosocial constructs. Also, the new objective measure of emotional contagion seems to predict emotional empathy and the risk of developing depressive symptoms among this study's participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrich Plusquellec
- Centre for Studies in Nonverbal Communication Sciences, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Centre-ville-STN, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kaylee Smart
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, PO Box 6128, Centre-ville-STN, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent Denault
- Centre for Studies in Nonverbal Communication Sciences, Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada
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13
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Gallup AC, Wozny SM. The Role of Empathic Concern and Gender on Interspecific Contagious Yawning in Humans. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101700. [PMID: 37238130 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific contagious yawning (CY), whereby yawns from one species trigger yawning in different species, has now been reported across various taxa. This response to human yawning appears common among animals in captivity and has been interpreted as an empathic response towards human handlers/caregivers. A recent study found that humans also display interspecific CY, though this response was not modulated by proxies of empathic processing (i.e., phylogenetic relatedness or social closeness to the animals). Here, we explored this relationship more explicitly by assessing how interspecific CY to yawns from common household pets relates to self-reported empathic concern. Participants (N = 103) completed a survey measuring empathic concern and then reported on their yawning behavior following exposure to a control condition or yawning images either from domesticated cats or domesticated dogs. The results provide further evidence for interspecific CY in humans, but empathic concern was negatively predictive of this response. There was also no sex difference in interspecific CY, though when comparing the sexes across CY conditions, women reported a higher frequency of yawning in response to dog yawns, and men reported a higher frequency of yawning in response to cat yawns. Overall, these findings do not support a strong connection between interspecific CY and empathy or emotional contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Gallup
- Psychology and Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences Programs, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA
| | - Sabina M Wozny
- Psychology and Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences Programs, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY 13502, USA
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14
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Hirsch J, Zhang X, Noah JA, Bhattacharya A. Neural mechanisms for emotional contagion and spontaneous mimicry of live facial expressions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210472. [PMID: 36871593 PMCID: PMC9985973 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viewing a live facial expression typically elicits a similar expression by the observer (facial mimicry) that is associated with a concordant emotional experience (emotional contagion). The model of embodied emotion proposes that emotional contagion and facial mimicry are functionally linked although the neural underpinnings are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we employed a live two-person paradigm (n = 20 dyads) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during live emotive face-processing while also measuring eye-tracking, facial classifications and ratings of emotion. One dyadic partner, 'Movie Watcher', was instructed to emote natural facial expressions while viewing evocative short movie clips. The other dyadic partner, 'Face Watcher', viewed the Movie Watcher's face. Task and rest blocks were implemented by timed epochs of clear and opaque glass that separated partners. Dyadic roles were alternated during the experiment. Mean cross-partner correlations of facial expressions (r = 0.36 ± 0.11 s.e.m.) and mean cross-partner affect ratings (r = 0.67 ± 0.04) were consistent with facial mimicry and emotional contagion, respectively. Neural correlates of emotional contagion based on covariates of partner affect ratings included angular and supramarginal gyri, whereas neural correlates of the live facial action units included motor cortex and ventral face-processing areas. Findings suggest distinct neural components for facial mimicry and emotional contagion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hirsch
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, PO Box 208091, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xian Zhang
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - J. Adam Noah
- Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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15
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Ando' A, Passariello G, Zennaro A. From the need to the knowledge. Feeding emotions and thoughts: Assessing emotion regulation strategies in food tribes. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:212-229. [PMID: 36210528 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Some people choose to follow a certain dietary habit because they are guided by strong beliefs, but also to pursue a healthy lifestyle. Food tribes are defined as social groups sharing common values and beliefs that underlie food and lifestyle choices. The current study aimed to investigate potential differences in emotion regulation between specific food tribes, and when comparing food tribes to people who conversely do not follow a dietary habit. Specifically, we examined the presence of rumination, psychological inflexibility, and emotional contagion as components of emotion dysregulation. A Google form was developed to obtain all the information needed to respond to our research questions and goals, and investigate the following food groups: Veganism, Fruitarianism, Raw Food Diet, Paleodiet, Blood Type group, Breatharianism, Macrobiotic Diet, and Other. The final sample consisted of 378 healthy subjects (117 males, 258 females, 3 other) ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The first part of Google form consisted of general questions about the participant's dietary habits while the second part included specific questionnaires assessing the psychological constructs we investigated. Vegan people were less conditioned by others in their food choices when compared to the other food tribes. The Paleodiet group associated its food choice with health reasons as well as the Blood Type group. Differences were found in the presence of cognitive inflexibility and rumination, reflective thinking, emotional dysregulation, emotional contagion and also in the representation of their real and ideal (food) communities. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Miller S, Feild C, Phan A. Negative emotional contagion on advanced pharmacy practice experiences: Establishing resistance. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:7-9. [PMID: 36215104 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Miller
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carinda Feild
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - An Phan
- University of Florida College of Pharmacy Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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McQuarrie AM, Smith SD, Jakobson LS. Alexithymia and sensory processing sensitivity account for unique variance in the prediction of emotional contagion and empathy. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1072783. [PMID: 37151350 PMCID: PMC10157231 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1072783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Empathy-the ability to identify and share another person's emotional state-is an important socio-emotional process arising, in part, from emotional contagion. In the current study, we assessed unique variance in emotional contagion and other empathy-related constructs accounted for by two personality traits, alexithymia and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), when controlling for childhood emotional abuse and current depressed mood. Methods A sample of 305 adults (M age = 20.1 years) watched brief film clips chosen to induce various emotional states. After each film, the participants rated how strongly they experienced each of nine different emotions. They then completed self-report measures of alexithymia, SPS, empathy-related constructs, childhood emotional abuse, and current mood. Results Those scoring high (vs. low) on SPS reported stronger primary emotions and a larger range of emotions when watching the films and were more apt to believe that their emotions matched those of the individuals featured in the films. They also scored higher on both self-oriented processes (such as the tendency to feel personal distress in tense situations) and other-oriented processes (such as perspective taking and empathic concern) related to empathy. Individuals scoring high (vs. low) on alexithymia reported feeling a larger range of emotions while watching the films but scored lower on other-oriented processes related to empathy. After controlling for SPS and alexithymia, current depressed mood predicted experiencing less varied reactions to mixed valence films that elicited strong feelings of embarrassment/humiliation, and less amusement when watching positive films. Childhood emotional abuse did not emerge as a predictor of emotional contagion or empathy. Discussion We propose that the strong and nuanced feelings elicited in those scoring high on SPS by observing others support their personal view that they are highly empathic. In contrast, by failing to closely examine their own mixed reactions to others, individuals with alexithymia may find it difficult to connect with, understand, and respond to others' feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen D. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lorna S. Jakobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lorna S. Jakobson,
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18
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Freemantle AWJ, Stafford LD, Wagstaff CRD, Akehurst L. Collective Emotions in Doubles Table Tennis. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 44:317-326. [PMID: 35728806 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have shown that the emotions that athletes experience during sporting competition can be transferred between team members to create collective team emotional states. Nevertheless, collective emotions have not yet been investigated for sporting dyads. In this study, the emotional experiences of 68 doubles table tennis players (34 dyads) were examined at three time points: precompetition, in-competition, and postcompetition. It was found that the intensity of each emotional state differed as a function of match situation (positive/negative). Moreover, in-competition anxiety, dejection, and anger were shown to predict poorer subjective performance, and anxiety was shown to negatively impact future objective athlete performance. Most pertinently, within-dyad emotional aggregation was identified for athlete in-competition happiness and dejection and for postcompetition happiness, dejection, and anger. These findings represent the first quantitative evidence of emotional convergence in sport dyads and provide support for the social functional theory of emotion in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo D Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth,United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R D Wagstaff
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth,United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Akehurst
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth,United Kingdom
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19
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Kosonogov V, Kuskova O. A Russian Adaptation of the Emotional Contagion Scale. Front Psychol 2022; 13:872718. [PMID: 36059773 PMCID: PMC9431020 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to develop and test the Russian version of the Emotional Contagion Scale. A sample of 518 volunteers from the general population filled in this questionnaire. We examined the one-factor model (all the items), the two-factor model (positive/negative), and the five-factor model (love/happiness/fear/anger/sadness). To measure its construct validity, we asked different subsamples to complete questionnaires of empathy and sensation seeking. The coefficients of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity were acceptable. Only the one-factor model showed acceptable properties by all psychometric criteria. We also observed the gender effect, that is women were more contagious, according to the total scale and all subscales.
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20
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Kret ME, Akyüz R. Mimicry eases prediction and thereby smoothens social interactions. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:794-798. [PMID: 36070181 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In their "social contextual view" of emotional mimicry, authors Hess and Fischer (2022) put forward emotional mimicry as a social regulator, considering it a social act, bound to certain affiliative contexts or goals. In this commentary, we argue that the core function of mimicry is to ease predicting conspecifics' behaviours and the environment, and that as a consequence, this often smoothens social interactions. Accordingly, we make three main points. First, we argue that there is no good reason to believe that the mimicry of negative expressions is fundamentally different than the mimicry of positive or ambiguous or autonomic expressions. Second, we give examples of empirical evidence that mimicry is not always a social act. Third, we show that mimicry has primary benefits for the mimicker. As such, we will briefly summarise and elaborate on the relevant findings in these respects, and propose a comparative, multi-method and ecologically valid approach which can explain the multifaceted character of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Kret
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R Akyüz
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Carmona IM, Casarotto M, Silveira LM, Oliveira ACB, Canto-de-Souza A. Mice Cohabiting With Familiar Conspecific in Chronic Stress Condition Exhibit Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Augmented Consolation Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:835717. [PMID: 35517576 PMCID: PMC9062221 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.835717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing and sharing emotions are essential for species survival, but in some cases, living with a conspecific in distress condition may induce negative emotional states through empathy-like processes. Studies have reported that stressors promote psychiatric disorders in both, those who suffer directly and who witness these aversive episodes, principally whether social proximity is involved. However, the mechanisms underlying the harmful outcomes of emotional contagion need more studies, mainly in the drug addiction-related behaviors. Here, we investigated the relevance of familiarity and the effects of cohabitation with a partner submitted to chronic stress in the anxiety-like, locomotor sensitization, and consolation behaviors. Male Swiss mice were housed in pairs during different periods to test the establishment of familiarity and the stress-induced anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze. Another cohort was housed with a conspecific subjected to repeated restraint stress (1 h/day) for 14 days. During chronic restraint the allogrooming was measured and after the stress period mice were tested in the open field for evaluation of anxiety and locomotor cross-sensitization induced by methamphetamine. We found that familiarity was established after 14 days of cohabitation and the anxiogenic behavior appeared after 14 days of stress. Repeated restraint stress also increased anxiety in the open field test and induced locomotor cross-sensitization in the stressed mice and their cagemates. Cagemates also exhibited an increase in the consolation behavior after stress sessions when compared to control mice. These results indicate that changes in drug abuse-related, consolation, and affective behaviors may be precipitated through emotional contagion in familiar conspecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Miranda Carmona
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mariana Casarotto
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lara Maria Silveira
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecília Bezerra Oliveira
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Azair Canto-de-Souza
- Psychobiology Group/Department of Psychology/CECH - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Institute, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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22
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Park J, Ha S, Shin H, Jeong J. Experience of a hierarchical relationship between a pair of mice specifically influences their affective empathy toward each other. Genes Brain Behav 2022; 21:e12810. [PMID: 35451184 PMCID: PMC9744536 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prior experience of social hierarchy is known to modulate emotional contagion, a basic form of affective empathy. However, it is not known whether this behavioral effect occurs through changes in an individual's traits due to their experience of social hierarchy or specific social interrelationships between the individuals. Groups of four mice with an established in-group hierarchy were used to address this in conjunction with a tube test. The rank-1 and rank-4 mice were designated as the dominant or subordinate groups, respectively. The two individuals in between were designated as the intermediate groups, which were then used as the observers in observational fear learning (OFL) experiments, an assay for emotional contagion. The intermediate observers showed greater OFL responses to the dominant demonstrator than the subordinate demonstrators recruited from the same home-cage. When the demonstrators were strangers from different cages, the intermediate observers did not distinguish between dominant and subordinate, displaying the same level of OFL. In a reverse setting in which the intermediate group was used as the demonstrator, the subordinate observers showed higher OFL responses than the dominant observers, and this occurred only when the demonstrators were cagemates of the observers. Furthermore, the bigger the rank difference between a pair, the higher the OFL level that the observer displayed. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the hierarchical interrelationship established between a given pair of animals is critical for expressing emotional contagion between them rather than any potential changes in intrinsic traits due to the experience of dominant/subordinate hierarchy. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Subordinate observer or dominant demonstrator resulted in higher affective empathic response in familiar pairs but not unfamiliar pairs. The relative social rank of the observer with respect to the demonstrator had a negative linear correlation with the affective empathic response of the observer in familiar pairs but not unfamiliar pairs. The effect of social rank on affective empathy is attributed to the prior social hierarchical interrelationship between them and is not due to intrinsic attributes of an individual based on one's dominance rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoon Park
- Department of Bio and Brain EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea,Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seungshin Ha
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee‐Sup Shin
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
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23
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Wu W, Lu Y. Is Teachers' Depression Contagious to Students? A Study Based on Classes' Hierarchical Models. Front Public Health 2022; 10:804546. [PMID: 35387183 PMCID: PMC8977487 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.804546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to the theory of emotional contagion, emotions in one person can trigger similar emotions in groups within social networks. In schools, the class just like a small social network, that teachers' emotion, such as depression, might be contagious to their students. However, until now there is few studies reporting this issue. This study aims to explore whether teachers' depression be contagious to students and what mechanics behind the phenomenon. Methods Using Children's depression and cognitive scales to assess 2,579 students, meanwhile using teachers' depression and emotional labor scales assess 529 teachers. The nested data from 112 classes were analyzed. Results Teachers' depression was positively correlated with emotional labor surface and deep acting, and teachers' depression cross-level predicted students' depression inversely. For teachers with higher levels of depression, the teacher's deep acting affected their students' depression significantly, the more effortful the teachers' deep acting, the lower the degree of the students' depression, however, for teachers with lower levels of depression, the deep acting was not significant. Conclusion The results maybe state that depression in teachers is not readily transmitted to students, one of reasons is that teachers' emotional labor may alleviate the influence of their depression on students. However, considered that teachers' emotional labor was positively correlated with their depression, the teachers' emotional labor may be like a double-edged sword, while alleviating the influence of teachers' depression on students, it also deteriorated their own depression, making it impossible sustainable. For students' depression interventions based in school, including teachers maybe a better selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wu
- The School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongbiao Lu
- The School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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24
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Yao Z, Ni Z, Zhang B, Du J. Do Informational and Emotional Elements Differ between Online Psychological and Physiological Disease Communities in China? A Comparative Study of Depression and Diabetes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19042167. [PMID: 35206355 PMCID: PMC8872467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disease-specific online health communities provide a convenient and common platform for patients to share experiences, change information, provide and receive social support. This study aimed to compare differences between online psychological and physiological disease communities in topics, sentiment, participation, and emotional contagion patterns using multiple methods as well as to discuss how to satisfy the users' different informational and emotional needs. We chose the online depression and diabetes communities on the Baidu Tieba platform as the data source. Topic modeling and theme coding were employed to analyze discussion preferences for various topic categories. Sentiment analysis was used to identify the sentiment polarity of each post and comment. The social network was used to represent the users' interaction and emotional flows to discover the differences in participation and emotional contagion patterns between psychological and physiological disease communities. The results revealed that people affected by depression focused more on their symptoms and social relationships, while people affected by diabetes were more likely to discuss treatment and self-management behavior. In the depression community, there were obvious interveners spreading positive emotions and more core users in the negative emotional contagion network. In the diabetes community, emotional contagion was less prevalent and core users in positive and negative emotional contagion networks were basically the same. The study reveals insights into the differences between online psychological and physiological disease communities, providing a greater understanding of the users' informational and emotional needs expressed online. These results are helpful for society to provide actual medical assistance and deploy health interventions based on disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Yao
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.N.)
- Center for the Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhenni Ni
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.N.)
- Center for the Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jian Du
- National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
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Norscia I, Caselli M, De Meo G, Cordoni G, Guéry JP, Demuru E. Yawn contagion in bonobos: Another group, another story. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23366. [PMID: 35098561 PMCID: PMC9285681 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In primates, yawn contagion (the yawning response elicited by others' yawn) is variably influenced by individual (e.g., sex, age) and social factors (e.g., familiarity) and possibly linked to interindividual synchronization, coordination, and emotional contagion. Two out of three studies on yawn contagion in bonobos (Pan paniscus), found the presence of the phenomenon with mixed results concerning the effect of familiarity and no replication on its modulating factors. To address this puzzling issue, we recorded all occurrences data on yawn contagion in a captive bonobo group (March-June 2021; 18 individuals; La Vallée des Singes, France). Contrary to chimpanzees and humans, the number of triggering yawns increased contagion, possibly owing to a higher stimulus threshold. This aspect may explain the interindividual variability observed in yawn contagion rates. In subjects under weaning, we did not detect yawn contagion and, as it occurs in certain human cohorts, yawn contagion declined with age, possibly due to reduced sensitivity to others. Females responded more than males and elicited more responses from females when showing sexual swelling. As reproductive females are central in bonobo society, our results support the hypothesis that-as in other Hominini-the most influential sex can influence yawn contagion. The relationship quality (measured via grooming/play) did not affect yawn contagion, possibly due to bonobos' xenophilic nature. Overall, this study confirms the presence of yawn contagion in bonobos and introduces new elements on its modulating factors, pointing toward the necessity of cross-group studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Norscia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Caselli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Meo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giada Cordoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Demuru
- Dynamique Du Langage, CNRS-UMR 5596, University Lyon 2, Lyon, France.,Equipe de Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/CRNL, CNRS-UMR 5292, Inserm UMR S1028, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Schei GS, Haugen T, Jones G, Sæther SA, Høigaard R. A Qualitative Exploration of Collective Collapse in a Norwegian Qualifying Premier League Soccer Match-The Successful Team's Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 12:777597. [PMID: 35115985 PMCID: PMC8805702 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.777597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current case study focused on a crucial match in the qualification for the Norwegian Premier League (Eliteserien). In the match, the participants of the study experienced a radical change in performance toward the end of the second half, from being behind by several goals to scoring 3 goals in 6 min and winning the qualifying game. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the perceptions and reflections of players and coaches (sporting director) on what occurred within their own team and within the opposing team. The momentum shift in the opposition team can be described as a collective collapse. In the study, the theoretical collective collapse process model was used as a guide for the design of the interview questions where five semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants involved in the match (players, coach, and sporting director). The participants watched excerpt clips from the match to recall the main events, which they subsequently reflected on. The results highlighted the importance of the "before-game" aspects (i.e., pressure, first game result), the "during-the-game" behavior (i.e., goals scored, playing with a low degree of risk) and the cognitive (i.e., feelings of pressure, despair) and emotional reactions (i.e., frustration, joy) to the match unfolding. In addition, social contagion processes were evident in both teams relating to emotion and behavior. Overall, the data from this study investigated the general structure of the process model of collective sport team collapse and found support for the notion of a temporal cascade of causes for a team collapse. Future research is encouraged to examine this model, to provide guidance to teams, coaches, and sport psychologists in order to make recommendations for dealing with collective collapse in sport teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaute S. Schei
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Stig Arve Sæther
- Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Høigaard
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Efimov K, Ntoumanis I, Kuskova O, Kadieva D, Panidi K, Kosonogov V, Kazanina N, Shestakova A, Klucharev V, Jääskeläinen IP. Impact of Induced Moods, Sensation Seeking, and Emotional Contagion on Economic Decisions Under Risk. Front Psychol 2022; 12:796016. [PMID: 35069386 PMCID: PMC8766662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.796016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to probabilities of monetary gains and losses, personality traits, socio-economic factors, and specific contexts such as emotions and framing influence financial risk taking. Here, we investigated the effects of joyful, neutral, and sad mood states on participants' risk-taking behaviour in a simple task with safe and risky options. We also analysed the effect of framing on risk taking. In different trials, a safe option was framed in terms of either financial gains or losses. Moreover, we investigated the effects of emotional contagion and sensation-seeking personality traits on risk taking in this task. We did not observe a significant effect of induced moods on risk taking. Sad mood resulted in a slight non-significant trend of risk aversion compared to a neutral mood. Our results partially replicate previous findings regarding the presence of the framing effect. As a novel finding, we observed that participants with a low emotional contagion score demonstrated increased risk aversion during a sad mood and a similar trend at the edge of significance was present in high sensation seekers. Overall, our results highlight the importance of taking into account personality traits of experimental participants in financial risk-taking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Efimov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ioannis Ntoumanis
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kuskova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzerassa Kadieva
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Panidi
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kosonogov
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Kazanina
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Shestakova
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Klucharev
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iiro P. Jääskeläinen
- International Laboratory of Social Neurobiology, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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28
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Horesh D, Hasson-Ohayon I, Harwood-Gross A. The Contagion of Psychopathology across Different Psychiatric Disorders: A Comparative Theoretical Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 12:67. [PMID: 35053808 PMCID: PMC8774068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychopathology is often studied and treated from an individual-centered approach. However, studies have shown that psychological distress is often best understood from a contextual, environmental perspective. This paper explores the literature on emotional contagion and symptom transmission in psychopathology, i.e., the complex ways in which one person's psychological distress may yield symptoms among others in his/her close environment. We argue that emotions, cognitions, and behaviors often do not stay within the borders of the individual, but rather represent intricate dynamic experiences that are shared by individuals, as well as transmitted between them. While this claim was comprehensively studied in the context of some disorders (e.g., secondary traumatization and the "mimicking" of symptoms among those close to a trauma survivor), it was very scarcely examined in the context of others. We aim to bridge this gap in knowledge by examining the literature on symptom transmission across four distinct psychiatric disorders: PTSD, major depression, OCD, and psychosis. We first review the literature on emotional contagion in each disorder separately, and then we subsequently conduct a comparative analysis highlighting the shared and differential mechanisms underlying these processes in all four disorders. In this era of transdiagnostic conceptualizations of psychopathology, such an examination is timely, and it may carry important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Horesh
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
| | - Anna Harwood-Gross
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (I.H.-O.); (A.H.-G.)
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Paz LV, Viola TW, Milanesi BB, Sulzbach JH, Mestriner RG, Wieck A, Xavier LL. Contagious Depression: Automatic Mimicry and the Mirror Neuron System - A Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 134:104509. [PMID: 34968526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Contagious depression is a theory proposing that depression can be induced or triggered by our social environment. This theory is based on emotional contagion, the idea that affective states can be transferred during social interaction, since humans can use emotional contagion to communicate feelings and emotions in conscious and unconscious ways. This review presents behavioral, physiological, and neuroanatomical aspects of two essential contagious depression mechanisms, automatic mimicry and the mirror neuron system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 11, sala 926, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Bueno Milanesi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Henz Sulzbach
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
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Yamashita Y, Yamamoto T. Perceiving Positive Facial Expression Can Relieve Depressive Moods: The Effect of Emotional Contagion on Mood in People With Subthreshold Depression. Front Psychol 2021; 12:535980. [PMID: 34858241 PMCID: PMC8631783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.535980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional contagion is a phenomenon by which an individual's emotions directly trigger similar emotions in others. We explored the possibility that perceiving others' emotional facial expressions affect mood in people with subthreshold depression (sD). Around 49 participants were divided into the following four groups: participants with no depression (ND) presented with happy faces; ND participants presented with sad faces; sD participants presented with happy faces; and sD participants presented with sad faces. Participants were asked to answer an inventory about their emotional states before and after viewing the emotional faces to investigate the influence of emotional contagion on their mood. Regardless of depressive tendency, the groups presented with happy faces exhibited a slight increase in the happy mood score and a decrease in the sad mood score. The groups presented with sad faces exhibited an increased sad mood score and a decreased happy mood score. These results demonstrate that emotional contagion affects the mood in people with sD, as well as in individuals with ND. These results indicate that emotional contagion could relieve depressive moods in people with sD. It demonstrates the importance of the emotional facial expressions of those around people with sD such as family and friends from the viewpoint of emotional contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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31
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Tang J, Yu G, Yao X. Emotional Contagion in the Online Depression Community. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1609. [PMID: 34946335 PMCID: PMC8700837 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotions are prevalent in the online depression community (ODC), which potentially puts members at risk, according to the theory of emotional contagion. However, emotional contagion in the ODC has not been confirmed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to verify the extent of emotional contagion using data from 1548 sample users in China's popular ODC. During interaction, the emotional themes were analyzed according to language use. The diurnal patterns of the interaction behaviors were also analyzed. We identified the susceptible groups and analyzed their characteristics. The results confirmed the occurrence of emotional contagion in ODC, that is, the extent to which the user's emotion was affected by the received emotion. Our study also found that when positive emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopefulness, and when negative emotional contagion occurred, the replies contained more hopelessness and fear. Second, positive emotions were easier to spread, and people with higher activity in ODC were more susceptible. In addition, nighttime was an active period for user interaction. The results can help community managers and support groups take measures to promote the spread of positive emotions and reduce the spread of negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China; (J.T.); (X.Y.)
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Martin LJ, Poulson SJ, Mannan E, Sivaselvachandran S, Cho M, Setak F, Chan C. Altered nociceptive behavior and emotional contagion of pain in mouse models of autism. Genes Brain Behav 2021; 21:e12778. [PMID: 34812576 PMCID: PMC9744566 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have altered sensory processing but may ineffectively communicate their experiences. Here, we used a battery of nociceptive behavioral tests to assess sensory alterations in two commonly used mouse models of ASD, BTBR T+ Itpr3tf /J (BTBR), and fragile-X mental retardation-1 knockout (Fmr1-KO) mice. We also asked whether emotional contagion, a primitive form of empathy, was altered in BTBR and Fmr1 KO mice when experiencing pain with a social partner. BTBR mice demonstrated mixed nociceptive responses with hyporesponsivity to mechanical/thermal stimuli and intraplantar injections of formalin and capsaicin while displaying hypersensitivity on the acetic acid test. Fmr1-KO mice were hyposensitive to mechanical stimuli and intraplantar injections of capsaicin and formalin. BTBR and Fmr1-KO mice developed significantly less mechanical allodynia following intraplantar injections of complete Freund's adjuvant, while BTBR mice developed slightly more thermal hyperalgesia. Finally, as measured by the formalin and acetic acid writhing tests, BTBR and Fmr1-KO mice did not show emotional contagion of pain. In sum, our findings indicate that depending on the sensation, pain responses may be mixed, which reflects findings in ASD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren J. Martin
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada,Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sandra J. Poulson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Emma Mannan
- Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Moonjeong Cho
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Fatima Setak
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Claire Chan
- Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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William Magnus Northington, Stephanie T. Gillison, Sharon E. Beatty, Shiri Vivek. I don't want to be a rule enforcer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Frontline employees' plight. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2021; 63. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This research explores the pandemic-related experiences of frontline employees (FLEs) relative to customer rule-enforcement interactions within retail and service industries. Using a survey, incorporating closed-ended and CIT questions, we investigated, from the FLEs' perspectives, the occupational stress of rule-enforcement, company expectations of FLEs regarding rule enforcement, and the emotional impact of customer interactions on FLEs. Results indicate that several customer misbehaviors, such as not following rules and being rude, produce significant occupational stress. Further, based on our CIT assessments, many of the FLEs’ recounted rule-enforcement incidents involved negative customer reactions, translating to heightened negativity for FLEs due to emotional contagion.
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Anitha EGN, Suganthi L. How organizational citizenship behavior is promoted among nurses: A moderated mediation model. Work 2021; 71:263-274. [PMID: 34719459 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care environment relies to a great extent on positive nursing behaviors. So in this study, individual difference factors were taken into account in explaining organizational citizenship behavior by integrating trait theory, conservation of resource theory, and affective event theory. OBJECTIVE The present study examines whether work burnout mediates the relationship between the extraversion trait and organizational citizenship behavior, then investigating whether the mediating effect is moderated by emotional contagion. METHOD The study employs cross-sectional design and questionnaire-based survey was used to collect the data from 311 nurses working in private hospitals. RESULTS The findings reveals that extraversion trait is positively related to organizational citizenship behavior. Then, work burnout partially mediates the relationship between extraversion and organizational citizenship behavior. Further, moderated mediation analysis discloses the indirect effect of extraversion on organizational citizenship behavior through work burnout is a decreasing function of emotional contagion. CONCLUSION The study reports extravert nurses are likely to exhibit more organizational citizenship behavior through reduced work burnout. However, nurses should maintain low level of emotional contagion to have stronger mediating effects. Training should be provided to nursing staff to understand and handle the level of emotional contagion exist among them unconsciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elavarasi G N Anitha
- Department of Management Studies, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - L Suganthi
- Department of Management Studies, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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35
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Geronikolou S, Drosatos G, Chrousos G. Emotional Analysis of Twitter Posts During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: Infoveillance Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e27741. [PMID: 34469328 PMCID: PMC8483272 DOI: 10.2196/27741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of public health measures depends upon a community's compliance as well as on its positive or negative emotions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of the expressed emotions in English tweets by Greek Twitter users during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. METHODS The period of this study was from January 25, 2020 to June 30, 2020. Data collection was performed by using appropriate search words with the filter-streaming application programming interface of Twitter. The emotional analysis of the tweets that satisfied the inclusion criteria was achieved using a deep learning approach that performs better by utilizing recurrent neural networks on sequences of characters. Emotional epidemiology tools such as the 6 basic emotions, that is, joy, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger based on the Paul Ekman classification were adopted. RESULTS The most frequent emotion that was detected in the tweets was "surprise" at the emerging contagion, while the imposed isolation resulted mostly in "anger" (odds ratio 2.108, 95% CI 0.986-4.506). Although the Greeks felt rather safe during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, their positive and negative emotions reflected a masked "flight or fight" or "fear versus anger" response to the contagion. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study show that emotional analysis emerges as a valid tool for epidemiology evaluations, design, and public health strategy and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Geronikolou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Drosatos
- Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, Xanthi, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Social interactions can trigger emotional contagion between individuals resulting in behavioral synchrony. Emotional contagion can be a very effective and attractive strategy in communication and advertising, and understanding the mechanisms underlying emotional contagion can help marketers to improve their commercial approaches or develop better ones. The purpose of this study is to review and classify the various methodologies and theoretical approaches on emotional contagion, identify the best practices in this domain, and identify ways of gaging and measuring emotional contagion. The study is based on a mini literature review. We identify different mechanisms and approaches to emotional contagion described in the literature. Emotional contagion can be triggered by facial expressions, indirect human interactions, and/or by observing other people's behavior in direct and indirect interactions. Furthermore, emotional contagion can be triggered physiologically or neurologically by synchronizing with the emotional state of others during human interactions. Regarding the assessment and measurement of emotional contagion, we argue that methods based on neuroscience tools are much more accurate and effective than methods based on traditional research approaches. The study identifies guidelines for research on commercial communication through emotional contagion that can be especially interesting for academia and marketing practitioners. The findings are important for field marketers interested in developing new individualized approaches in their commercial strategies and marketing in general. In addition, the study can become the basis of research that further refines and compares the efficacy of the various techniques and tools involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Herrando
- Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), Department High-Tech Business and Entrepreneurship (HBE/ETM), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Efthymios Constantinides
- Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), Department High-Tech Business and Entrepreneurship (HBE/ETM), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Karwicka W, Wiatrowska M, Kondrakiewicz K, Knapska E, Kursa MB, Hamed A. Relaying Aversive Ultrasonic Alarm Calls Depends on Previous Experience. Empathy, Social Buffering, or Panic? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060759. [PMID: 34201037 PMCID: PMC8227955 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalizations are among the oldest evolutionarily forms of animal communication. In order to study the communication patterns in an aversive social situation, we used a behavioral model in which one animal, the observer, is witnessing as his cagemate, the demonstrator, is experiencing a series of mild electrical foot shocks. We studied the effect of the foot shock experience on the observer and the influence of a warning sound (emitted shortly before the shock) on USV communication. These experiments revealed that such a warning seems to increase the arousal level, which differentiates the responses depending on previous experience. This can be identified by the emission of characteristic, short 22 kHz calls of a duration below 100 ms. Two rats emitted calls that overlapped in time. Analysis of these overlaps revealed that in ‘warned’ pairs with a naive observer, 22 kHz calls were mixed with 50 kHz calls. This fact, combined with a high fraction of very high-pitched 50 kHz calls (over 75 kHz), suggests the presence of the phenomenon of social buffering. Pure 22 kHz overlaps were mostly found in ‘warned’ pairs with an experienced observer, suggesting a possible fear contagion with distress sharing. The results show the importance of dividing 22 kHz calls into long and short categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Karwicka
- Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Wiatrowska
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY—Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Kacper Kondrakiewicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY—Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Ewelina Knapska
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, BRAINCITY—Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.K.); (E.K.)
| | - Miron Bartosz Kursa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Hamed
- Laboratory of Spatial Memory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Sciara S, Villani D, Di Natale AF, Regalia C. Gratitude and Social Media: A Pilot Experiment on the Benefits of Exposure to Others' Grateful Interactions on Facebook. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667052. [PMID: 34054673 PMCID: PMC8149600 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Facebook and other social networking sites allow observation of others’ interactions that in normal, offline life would simply be undetectable (e.g., a two-voice conversation viewable on the Facebook wall, from the perspective of a real, silent witness). Drawing on this specific property, the theory of social learning, and the most direct implications of emotional contagion, our pilot experiment (N = 49) aimed to test whether the exposure to others’ grateful interactions on Facebook enhances (a) users’ felt gratitude, (b) expressed gratitude, and (c) their subjective well-being. For the threefold purpose, we created ad hoc Facebook groups in which the exposure to some accomplices’ exchange of grateful messages for 2 weeks was experimentally manipulated and users’ felt/expressed gratitude and well-being were consequently assessed. Results partially supported both hypotheses. Observing others’ exchange of grateful posts/comments on Facebook appeared to enhance participants’ in-person expression of gratitude (i.e., self-reported gratitude expression within face-to-face interactions), but not their direct and subjective experiences of gratitude. Similarly, exposure to others’ grateful messages improved some components of subjective well-being, such as satisfaction with life, but not negative and positive affect. Taken together, however, our preliminary findings suggest for the first time that social networking sites may actually amplify the spreading of gratitude and its benefits. Implications of our results for professionals and future research in the field of health, education, and social media communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sciara
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,UniSR-Social.Lab, Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Villani
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Pérez-Manrique A, Gomila A. Emotional contagion in nonhuman animals: A review. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2021; 13:e1560. [PMID: 33951303 PMCID: PMC9285817 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emotional contagion, the emotional state‐matching of an individual with another, seems to be crucial for many social species. In recent years evidence on emotional contagion in different animal species has accumulated. However, despite its adaptative advantages and its presumed simplicity, the study and direct demonstration of this phenomenon present more complexities than previously thought. For these reasons, a review of the literature on emotional contagion in nonhuman species is timely to integrate current findings. In this paper thus, we carry out a comprehensive review of the most relevant studies on emotional contagion in animals and discuss the main problems and challenges of the field. We conclude that more research is needed to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of emotional contagion and the extent to which this process is present in a wide variety of species. Furthermore, the comparative study of emotional contagion would benefit from the use of systematized paradigms including both behavioral and physiological measures and the simultaneous recording of the responses of the interacting individuals to reliably assess an emotional state‐matching between them and reliable controls. This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition Psychology > Comparative Psychology Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Manrique
- Department of Psychology, Human Evolution and Cognition Group (EvoCog), UIB, IFISC, Associated Unit to CSIC, Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Gomila
- Department of Psychology, Human Evolution and Cognition Group (EvoCog), UIB, IFISC, Associated Unit to CSIC, Palma, Spain
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Abstract
Empathy is a complex phenomenon critical for group survival and societal bonds. In addition, there is mounting evidence demonstrating empathic behaviors are dysregulated in a multitude of psychiatric disorders ranging from autism spectrum disorder, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. Therefore, understanding the underlying drive and neurobiology of empathy is paramount for improving the treatment outcomes and quality of life for individuals suffering from these psychiatric disorders. While there is a growing list of human studies, there is still much about empathy to understand, likely due to both its complexity and the inherent limitations of imaging modalities. It is therefore imperative to develop, validate, and utilize rodent models of empathic behaviors as translational tools to explore this complex topic in ways human research cannot. This review outlines some of the more prevailing theories of empathy, lists some of the psychiatric disorders with disrupted empathic processes, describes rat and mouse models of empathic behaviors currently used, and discusses ways in which these models have elucidated social, environmental, and neurobiological factors that may modulate empathy. The research tools afforded to rodent models will provide an increasingly clear translational understanding of empathic processes and consequently result in improvements in care for those diagnosed with any one of the many psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart S. Cox
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC, USA
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41
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Bagus P, Peña-Ramos JA, Sánchez-Bayón A. COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Mass Hysteria. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1376. [PMID: 33546144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we aim to develop a political economy of mass hysteria. Using the background of COVID-19, we study past mass hysteria. Negative information which is spread through mass media repetitively can affect public health negatively in the form of nocebo effects and mass hysteria. We argue that mass and digital media in connection with the state may have had adverse consequences during the COVID-19 crisis. The resulting collective hysteria may have contributed to policy errors by governments not in line with health recommendations. While mass hysteria can occur in societies with a minimal state, we show that there exist certain self-corrective mechanisms and limits to the harm inflicted, such as sacrosanct private property rights. However, mass hysteria can be exacerbated and self-reinforcing when the negative information comes from an authoritative source, when the media are politicized, and social networks make the negative information omnipresent. We conclude that the negative long-term effects of mass hysteria are exacerbated by the size of the state.
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Harris I, Küssner MB. Come on Baby, Light My Fire: Sparking Further Research in Socio-Affective Mechanisms of Music Using Computational Advancements. Front Psychol 2020; 11:557162. [PMID: 33363492 PMCID: PMC7753094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.557162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Harris
- Centre for Music and Science, Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mats B Küssner
- Department of Musicology and Media Studies, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Shearer DA, Leeworthy S, Jones S, Rickards E, Blake M, Heirene RM, Gross MJ, Bruton AM. There Is an "Eye" in Team: Exploring the Interplay Between Emotion, Gaze Behavior, and Collective Efficacy in Team Sport Settings. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:18. [PMID: 33345012 PMCID: PMC7739631 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is understood about the attentional mechanisms that lead to perceptions of collective efficacy. This paper presents two studies that address this lack of understanding. Study one examined participant's (N = 59) attentional processes relating to positive, neutral, or negative emotional facial photographs, when instructed to select their “most confident” or “least confident” team. Eye gaze metrics of first fixation duration (FFD), fixation duration (FD), and fixation count (FC) were measured alongside individual perceptions of collective efficacy and emotional valence of the teams selected. Participants had shorter FFD, longer FD, and more FC on positive faces when instructed to select their most confident team (p < 0.05). Collective efficacy and emotional valence were significantly greater when participants selected their most confident team (p < 0.05). Study two explored the influence of video content familiarity of team-based observation interventions on attentional processes and collective efficacy in interdependent team-sport athletes (N = 34). When participants were exposed to familiar (own team/sport) and unfamiliar (unknown team/sport) team-based performance video, eye tracking data revealed similar gaze behaviors for the two conditions in terms of areas of interest. However, collective efficacy increased most for the familiar condition. Study one results indicate that the emotional expressions of team members influence both where and for how long we look at potential team members, and that conspecifics' emotional expression impacts on our perceptions of collective efficacy. For Study two, given the apparent greater increase in collective efficacy for the familiar condition, the similar attentional processes evident for familiar and unfamiliar team footage suggests that differences in meaning of the observed content dictates collective efficacy perceptions. Across both studies, the findings indicate the importance of positive emotional vicarious experiences when using team-based observation interventions to improve collective efficacy in teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Shearer
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom.,Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Leeworthy
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rickards
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom
| | - Mason Blake
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Heirene
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike J Gross
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Treforest, United Kingdom.,Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M Bruton
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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Herpertz SC, Matzke B, Hillmann K, Neukel C, Mancke F, Jaentsch B, Schwenger U, Honecker H, Bullenkamp R, Steinmann S, Krauch M, Bauer S, Borzikowsky C, Bertsch K, Dempfle A. A mechanism-based group-psychotherapy approach to aggressive behaviour in borderline personality disorder: findings from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open 2020; 7:e17. [PMID: 33308363 PMCID: PMC7791567 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive behaviour is a prevalent and harmful phenomenon in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, no short-term, low-cost programme exists that specifically focuses on aggression. AIMS Attuning therapy modules to pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie reactive aggression in BPD, we composed a 6 week mechanism-based anti-aggression psychotherapy (MAAP) approach for the group setting, which we tested against a non-specific supportive psychotherapy (NSSP). METHOD A cluster-randomised two-arm parallel-group phase II trial of N = 59 patients with BPD and overt aggressive behaviour was performed (German Registry for Clinical Trials, DRKS00009445). The primary outcome was the externally directed overt aggression score of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (M-OAS) post-treatment (adjusted for pre-treatment overt aggression). Secondary outcomes were M-OAS irritability, M-OAS response rate and ecological momentary assessment of anger post-treatment and at 6 month follow-up, as well as M-OAS overt aggression score at follow-up. RESULTS Although no significant difference in M-OAS overt aggression between treatments was found post-treatment (adjusted difference in mean 3.49 (95% CI -5.32 to 12.31, P = 0.22), the MAAP group showed a clinically relevant decrease in aggressive behaviour of 65% on average (versus 33% in the NSSP group), with particularly strong improvement among those with the highest baseline aggression. Most notably, significant differences in reduction in overt aggression between MAAP and NSSP were found at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD and aggressive behaviour benefited from a short group psychotherapy, with improvements particularly visible at 6 month follow-up. Further studies are required to show whether these effects are specific to MAAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - B Matzke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; and Sana HANSE-Klinikum Wismar GmbH, Germany
| | - K Hillmann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - C Neukel
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - F Mancke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - B Jaentsch
- Institute of Clinical Psychology at Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany
| | - U Schwenger
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - H Honecker
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - R Bullenkamp
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - S Steinmann
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krauch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - S Bauer
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany; and Center of Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Germany
| | - C Borzikowsky
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany; and Center of Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, Germany
| | - K Bertsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, LMU München, and Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - A Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE If the narrative of "coronavirus" has an underlying theme, it may perhaps for some be one of survival, whilst for others, the theme might be suffering. The recurring motif of survival has continued throughout history, yet for the first time the sum of all fears has amounted to a run on the bare essentials. This paper seeks to offer an alternative formulation of "panic buying," with references to literature, philosophy, and contemporary neurobiology. CONCLUSION The bare essentials disappeared perhaps as part of some self-fulfilling prophecy: the supermarkets became bare because others inadvertently lead us to believe they would become bare. The contagion model of emotional propagation provides a psychological model of how "panic buying" by an individual might lead to the replication of panic in an observer. The Polyvagal Theory further informs us of how the threat posed by the pandemic primes our limbic system to perceive danger, and explains how witnessing others engaging in fight-flight responses might evoke a fearful affect in an observer. In the end, it is perhaps through Nietzsche's study of classical tragedy that we may find some meaning to the pandemic, allowing our collective lived experience to serve as a template for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alchin
- Westmead Psychotherapy Program for Complex Traumatic Disorders, Cumberland Hospital, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Valenzano A, Scarinci A, Monda V, Sessa F, Messina A, Monda M, Precenzano F, Mollica MP, Carotenuto M, Messina G, Cibelli G. The Social Brain and Emotional Contagion: COVID-19 Effects. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 56:E640. [PMID: 33255569 PMCID: PMC7760735 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease, responsible for a global pandemic that began in January 2020. Human/COVID-19 interactions cause different outcomes ranging from minor health consequences to death. Since social interaction is the default mode by which individuals communicate with their surroundings, different modes of contagion can play a role in determining the long-term consequences for mental health and emotional well-being. We examined some basic aspects of human social interaction, emphasizing some particular features of the emotional contagion. Moreover, we analyzed the main report that described brain damage related to the COVID-19 infection. Indeed, the goal of this review is to suggest a possible explanation for the relationships among emotionally impaired people, brain damage, and COVID-19 infection. RESULTS COVID-19 can cause several significant neurological disorders and the pandemic has been linked to a rise in people reporting mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Neurocognitive symptoms associated with COVID-19 include delirium, both acute and chronic attention and memory impairment related to hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as learning deficits in both adults and children. CONCLUSIONS Although our knowledge on the biology and long-term clinical outcomes of the COVID-19 infection is largely limited, approaching the pandemic based on lessons learnt from previous outbreaks of infectious diseases and the biology of other coronaviruses will provide a suitable pathway for developing public mental health strategies, which could be positively translated into therapeutic approaches, attempting to improve stress coping responses, thus contributing to alleviate the burden driven by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessia Scarinci
- Department of Education Sciences, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.V.); (F.S.); (G.C.)
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Shaw PV, Wilson GA, Antony MM. Examination of emotional contagion and social anxiety using novel video stimuli. Anxiety Stress Coping 2020; 34:215-227. [PMID: 33124470 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1839729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Socially anxious individuals often exhibit signs of anxiety that might elicit discomfort in others and negatively influence their interactions, due in part to emotional contagion. However, there is limited research examining the phenomenon of emotional contagion in social anxiety, which is the topic of the current study. DESIGN AND METHODS An experimental design was used in which undergraduate psychology students (N = 128) were assigned to either an experimental condition (watching a video of a socially anxious presenter) or a control condition (watching a video of a nonanxious presenter). Various measures were administered to assess social anxiety, emotional contagion, state anxiety, and related constructs. RESULTS After controlling for baseline anxiety levels, participants in the experimental condition reported significantly higher levels of anxiety during and immediately after watching the video compared to individuals in the control condition (multivariate analysis of covariance, analysis of variance). Similar results were found across both conditions in participants with higher levels of trait social anxiety and higher public speaking anxiety (moderated regression analyses). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social anxiety may be emotionally contagious, and provides insight into the role that emotional contagion may play in the association between social anxiety and interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam V Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Martin M Antony
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
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Rhee SY, Park H, Bae J. Network Structure of Affective Communication and Shared Emotion in Teams. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10100159. [PMID: 33080886 PMCID: PMC7603002 DOI: 10.3390/bs10100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper identifies the relative effectiveness of two mechanisms of emotional contagion on shared emotion in teams: explicit mechanism (active spreading of one’s emotion) and implicit mechanism (passive mimicry of others’ emotion). Using social network analysis, this paper analyzes affective communication networks involving or excluding a focal person in the process of emotional contagion by disaggregating team emotional contagion into individual acts of sending or receiving emotion-laden responses. Through an experiment with 38 pre-existing work teams, including undergraduate or MBA project teams and teams of student club or co-op officers, we found that the explicit emotional contagion mechanism was a more stable channel for emotional contagion than the implicit emotional contagion mechanism. Active participation in affective communication, measured by outdegree centrality in affective communication networks, was positively and significantly associated with emotional contagion with other members. In contrast, a team member’s passive observation of humor, measured by ego network density, led to emotional divergence when all other members engaged in humor communication. Our study sheds light on the micro-level process of emotional contagion. The individual-level process of emotional convergence varies with the relational pattern of affective networks, and emotion contagion in teams depends on the interplay of the active expresser and the passive spectator in affective networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yoon Rhee
- Department of Business Administration, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Economics, Finance, & Marketing, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA;
| | - Jonghoon Bae
- Department of Business Administration, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
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Zhou F, Li J, Zhao W, Xu L, Zheng X, Fu M, Yao S, Kendrick KM, Wager TD, Becker B. Empathic pain evoked by sensory and emotional-communicative cues share common and process-specific neural representations. eLife 2020; 9:e56929. [PMID: 32894226 PMCID: PMC7505665 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain empathy can be evoked by multiple cues, particularly observation of acute pain inflictions or facial expressions of pain. Previous studies suggest that these cues commonly activate the insula and anterior cingulate, yet vicarious pain encompasses pain-specific responses as well as unspecific processes (e.g. arousal) and overlapping activations are not sufficient to determine process-specific shared neural representations. We employed multivariate pattern analyses to fMRI data acquired during observation of noxious stimulation of body limbs (NS) and painful facial expressions (FE) and found spatially and functionally similar cross-modality (NS versus FE) whole-brain vicarious pain-predictive patterns. Further analyses consistently identified shared neural representations in the bilateral mid-insula. The vicarious pain patterns were not sensitive to respond to non-painful high-arousal negative stimuli but predicted self-experienced thermal pain. Finally, a domain-general vicarious pain pattern predictive of self-experienced pain but not arousal was developed. Our findings demonstrate shared pain-associated neural representations of vicarious pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth CollegeHanoverUnited States
| | - Jialin Li
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Lei Xu
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Meina Fu
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Shuxia Yao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth CollegeHanoverUnited States
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Helt MS, Fein DA, Vargas JE. Emotional contagion in children with autism spectrum disorder varies with stimulus familiarity and task instructions. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:383-93. [PMID: 30924430 DOI: 10.1017/S0954579419000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although deficits in cognitive empathy are well established in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the literature on emotional empathy, or emotional contagion, in individuals with ASD is sparse and contradictory. The authors tested susceptibility to contagious yawning and laughter in children with ASD (n = 60) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 60), ages 5-17 years, under various conditions, to elucidate factors that may affect emotional contagion in these populations. Although TD children showed equal amounts of emotional contagion across conditions, children with ASD were highly influenced by the familiarity of the target stimulus, as well as task instructions that encourage eye gaze to target. More specifically, children with ASD exhibited less contagious yawning and laughter than their TD peers except when their attention was explicitly directed to the eyes or (and even more so) when their parents served as the stimulus targets. The authors explore the implications of these findings for theories about the mechanisms underlying empathic deficits in ASD as well as the clinical implications of having parents involved in treatment.
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