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Heredia-Pech M, Chávez-Pesqueira M, Ortiz-García MM, Andueza-Noh RH, Chacón-Sánchez MI, Martínez-Castillo J. Consequences of introgression and gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity of Lima bean ( Phaseolus lunatus L.) in its Mesoamerican diversity area. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13690. [PMID: 35811827 PMCID: PMC9266586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of gene flow and wild-crop introgression on the structure and genetic diversity of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the Yucatan Peninsula, an important Mesoamerican diversity area for this crop, using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach (15,168 SNP markers) and two scales. At the local scale, STRUCTURE and NGSEP analyses showed predominantly crop-to-wild introgression, but also evidence of a bidirectional gene flow in the two wild-weedy-crop complexes studied (Itzinté and Dzitnup). The ABBA-BABA tests showed a higher introgression in Itzinté (the older complex) than in Dzitnup (the younger one); at the allelic level, the wild-crop introgression in Itzinté was similar in both directions, in Dzitnup it was higher from crop-to-wild; and at the chromosomal level, introgression in Itzinté was from wild-to-crop, whereas in Dzitnup it occured in the opposite direction. Also, we found H E values slightly higher in the domesticated accessions than in the wild ones, in both complexes (Itzinté: wild = 0.31, domesticated = 0.34; Dzinup: wild = 0.27, domesticated = 0.36), but %P and π estimators were higher in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones. At a regional scale, STRUCTURE and MIGRATE showed a low gene flow, predominantly from crop-to-wild; and STRUCTURE, Neighbor-Joining and PCoA analyses indicated the existence of two wild groups and one domesticated group, with a marked genetic structure based in the existence of domesticated MI and wild MII gene pools. Also, at the regional scale, we found a higher genetic diversity in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones, in all estimators used (e.g., H E = 0.27 and H E = 0.17, respectively). Our results indicate that gene flow and introgression are playing an important role at the local scale, but its consequences on the structure and genetic diversity of the Lima bean are not clearly reflected at the regional scale, where diversity patterns between wild and domesticated populations could be reflecting historical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Heredia-Pech
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mariana Chávez-Pesqueira
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Matilde M. Ortiz-García
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rubén Humberto Andueza-Noh
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Conkal, Yucatán, México
| | - María Isabel Chacón-Sánchez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Jaime Martínez-Castillo
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Faust E, Jansson E, André C, Halvorsen KT, Dahle G, Knutsen H, Quintela M, Glover KA. Not that clean: Aquaculture-mediated translocation of cleaner fish has led to hybridization on the northern edge of the species' range. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1572-1587. [PMID: 34178105 PMCID: PMC8210792 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation and introduction of non-native organisms can have major impacts on local populations and ecosystems. Nevertheless, translocations are common practices in agri- and aquaculture. Each year, millions of wild-caught wrasses are transported large distances to be used as cleaner fish for parasite control in marine salmon farms. Recently, it was documented that translocated cleaner fish are able to escape and reproduce with local wild populations. This is especially a challenge in Norway, which is the world's largest salmon producer. Here, a panel of 84 informative SNPs was developed to identify the presence of nonlocal corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) escapees and admixed individuals in wild populations in western Norway. Applying this panel to ~2000 individuals, escapees and hybrids were found to constitute up to 20% of the local population at the northern edge of the species' distribution. The introduction of southern genetic material at the northern edge of the species distribution range has altered the local genetic composition and could obstruct local adaptation and further range expansion. Surprisingly, in other parts of the species distribution where salmon farming is also common, few escapees and hybrids were found. Why hybridization seems to be common only in the far north is discussed in the context of demographic and transport history. However, the current lack of reporting of escapes makes it difficult to evaluate possible causes for why some aquaculture-dense areas have more escapees and hybrids than others. The results obtained in this study, and the observed high genomic divergence between the main export and import regions, puts the sustainability of mass translocation of nonlocal wild wrasse into question and suggests that the current management regime needs re-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellika Faust
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | | | - Carl André
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | | | - Geir Dahle
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Centre of Coastal ResearchUniversity of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Kevin A. Glover
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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3
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Haccou P, Serra MC. Establishment versus population growth in spatio-temporally varying environments. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202009. [PMID: 33402064 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We consider situations where repeated invasion attempts occur from a source population into a receptor population over extended periods of time. The receptor population contains two locations that provide different expected offspring numbers to invaders. There is demographic stochasticity in offspring numbers. In addition, temporal variation causes local invader fitnesses to vary. We show that effects of environmental autocorrelation on establishment success depend on spatial covariance of the receptor subpopulations. In situations with a low spatial covariance this effect is positive, whereas high spatial covariance and/or high migration probabilities between the subpopulations causes the effect to be negative. This result reconciles seemingly contradictory results from the literature concerning effects of temporal variation on population dynamics with demographic stochasticity. We study an example in the context of genetic introgression, where invasions of cultivar plant genes occur through pollen flow from a source population into wild-type receptor populations, but our results have implications in a wider range of contexts, such as the spread of exotic species, metapopulation dynamics and epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy Haccou
- Leiden University College The Hague, The Netherlands
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Roe AD, MacQuarrie CJK, Gros-Louis MC, Simpson JD, Lamarche J, Beardmore T, Thompson SL, Tanguay P, Isabel N. Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: I. Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers impacting a native poplar hybrid stand. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1629-47. [PMID: 24967081 PMCID: PMC4063464 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and introgression are pervasive evolutionary phenomena that provide insight into the selective forces that maintain species boundaries, permit gene flow, and control the direction of evolutionary change. Poplar trees (Populus L.) are well known for their ability to form viable hybrids and maintain their distinct species boundaries despite this interspecific gene flow. We sought to quantify the hybridization dynamics and postzygotic fitness within a hybrid stand of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides Marsh.), and their natural hybrids to gain insight into the barriers maintaining this stable hybrid zone. We observed asymmetrical hybrid formation with P. deltoides acting as the seed parent, but with subsequent introgression biased toward P. balsamifera. Native hybrids expressed fitness traits intermediate to the parental species and were not universally unfit. That said, native hybrid seedlings were absent from the seedling population, which may indicate additional selective pressures controlling their recruitment. It is imperative that we understand the selective forces maintaining this native hybrid zone in order to quantify the impact of exotic poplar hybrids on this native system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Centre, Great Lakes Forestry CentreSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Centre, Great Lakes Forestry CentreSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gros-Louis
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - J Dale Simpson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry CentreFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Josyanne Lamarche
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tannis Beardmore
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry CentreFredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stacey L Thompson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå Plant Science CentreUmeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry CentreQuébec, Québec, Canada
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Roe AD, MacQuarrie CJK, Gros-Louis MC, Simpson JD, Lamarche J, Beardmore T, Thompson SL, Tanguay P, Isabel N. Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: II. Impact of exotic sex on native poplars in an urban jungle. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1876-89. [PMID: 24963382 PMCID: PMC4063481 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trees bearing novel or exotic gene components are poised to contribute to the bioeconomy for a variety of purposes such as bioenergy production, phytoremediation, and carbon sequestration within the forestry sector, but sustainable release of trees with novel traits in large-scale plantations requires the quantification of risks posed to native tree populations. Over the last century, exotic hybrid poplars produced through artificial crosses were planted throughout eastern Canada as ornamentals or windbreaks and these exotics provide a proxy by which to examine the fitness of exotic poplar traits within the natural environment to assess risk of exotic gene escape, establishment, and spread into native gene pools. We assessed postzygotic fitness traits of native and exotic poplars within a naturally regenerated stand in eastern Canada (Quebec City, QC). Pure natives (P. balsamifera and P. deltoides spp. deltoides), native hybrids (P. deltoides × P. balsamifera), and exotic hybrids (trees bearing Populus nigra and P. maximowiczii genetic components) were screened for reproductive biomass, yield, seed germination, and fungal disease susceptibility. Exotic hybrids expressed fitness traits intermediate to pure species and were not significantly different from native hybrids. They formed fully viable seed and backcrossed predominantly with P. balsamifera. These data show that exotic hybrids were not unfit and were capable of establishing and competing within the native stand. Future research will seek to examine the impact of exotic gene regions on associated biotic communities to fully quantify the risk exotic poplars pose to native poplar forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Roe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris JK MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - J Dale Simpson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceFredericton, New-Brunswick, Canada
| | - Josyanne Lamarche
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannis Beardmore
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceFredericton, New-Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stacey L Thompson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science CentreUmeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Tanguay
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceQuébec, Québec, Canada
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Ellstrand NC, Meirmans P, Rong J, Bartsch D, Ghosh A, de Jong TJ, Haccou P, Lu BR, Snow AA, Neal Stewart C, Strasburg JL, van Tienderen PH, Vrieling K, Hooftman D. Introgression of Crop Alleles into Wild or Weedy Populations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman C. Ellstrand
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
| | - Patrick Meirmans
- Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jun Rong
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, 330031 Honggutan Nanchang, People's Republic of China;
| | - Detlef Bartsch
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Atiyo Ghosh
- Integrative Systems Biology, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan;
| | - Tom J. de Jong
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Patsy Haccou
- Leiden University College The Hague, Leiden University, 2514 EG The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Bao-Rong Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; ,
| | - Allison A. Snow
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996;
| | | | - Peter H. van Tienderen
- Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteem Dynamica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; ,
| | - Danny Hooftman
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, National Environmental Research Council, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom;
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Rong J, Xu S, Meirmans PG, Vrieling K. Dissimilarity of contemporary and historical gene flow in a wild carrot (Daucus carota) metapopulation under contrasting levels of human disturbance: implications for risk assessment and management of transgene introgression. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:1361-70. [PMID: 24052560 PMCID: PMC3806537 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transgene introgression from crops into wild relatives may increase the resistance of wild plants to herbicides, insects, etc. The chance of transgene introgression depends not only on the rate of hybridization and the establishment of hybrids in local wild populations, but also on the metapopulation dynamics of the wild relative. The aim of the study was to estimate gene flow in a metapopulation for assessing and managing the risks of transgene introgression. METHODS Wild carrots (Daucus carota) were sampled from 12 patches in a metapopulation. Eleven microsatellites were used to genotype wild carrots. Genetic structure was estimated based on the FST statistic. Contemporary (over the last several generations) and historical (over many generations) gene flow was estimated with assignment and coalescent methods, respectively. KEY RESULTS The genetic structure in the wild carrot metapopulation was moderate (FST = 0·082) and most of the genetic variation resided within patches. A pattern of isolation by distance was detected, suggesting that most of the gene flow occurred between neighbouring patches (≤1 km). The mean contemporary gene flow was 5 times higher than the historical estimate, and the correlation between them was very low. Moreover, the contemporary gene flow in roadsides was twice that in a nature reserve, and the correlation between contemporary and historical estimates was much higher in the nature reserve. Mowing of roadsides may contribute to the increase in contemporary gene flow. Simulations demonstrated that the higher contemporary gene flow could accelerate the process of transgene introgression in the metapopulation. CONCLUSIONS Human disturbance such as mowing may alter gene flow patterns in wild populations, affecting the metapopulation dynamics of wild plants and the processes of transgene introgression in the metapopulation. The risk assessment and management of transgene introgression and the control of weeds need to take metapopulation dynamics into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Rong
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Shuhua Xu
- Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society (CAS-MPG) Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick G. Meirmans
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ghosh A, Meirmans PG, Haccou P. Quantifying introgression risk with realistic population genetics. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4747-54. [PMID: 23055068 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgression is the permanent incorporation of genes from the genome of one population into another. This can have severe consequences, such as extinction of endemic species, or the spread of transgenes. Quantification of the risk of introgression is an important component of genetically modified crop regulation. Most theoretical introgression studies aimed at such quantification disregard one or more of the most important factors concerning introgression: realistic genetical mechanisms, repeated invasions and stochasticity. In addition, the use of linkage as a risk mitigation strategy has not been studied properly yet with genetic introgression models. Current genetic introgression studies fail to take repeated invasions and demographic stochasticity into account properly, and use incorrect measures of introgression risk that can be manipulated by arbitrary choices. In this study, we present proper methods for risk quantification that overcome these difficulties. We generalize a probabilistic risk measure, the so-called hazard rate of introgression, for application to introgression models with complex genetics and small natural population sizes. We illustrate the method by studying the effects of linkage and recombination on transgene introgression risk at different population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyo Ghosh
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Godbout J, Yeh FC, Bousquet J. Large-scale asymmetric introgression of cytoplasmic DNA reveals Holocene range displacement in a North American boreal pine complex. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1853-66. [PMID: 22957188 PMCID: PMC3433990 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) are two North American boreal hard pines that hybridize in their zone of contact in western Canada. The main objective of this study was to characterize their patterns of introgression resulting from past and recent gene flow, using cytoplasmic markers having maternal or paternal inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was assessed in allopatric populations of each species and in stands from the current zone of contact containing morphological hybrids. Cluster analyses were used to identify genetic discontinuities among groups of populations. A canonical analysis was also conducted to detect putative associations among cytoplasmic DNA variation, tree morphology, and site ecological features. MtDNA introgression was extensive and asymmetric: it was detected in P. banksiana populations from the hybrid zone and from allopatric areas, but not in P. contorta populations. Very weak cpDNA introgression was observed, and only in P. banksiana populations. The mtDNA introgression pattern indicated that central Canada was first colonized by migrants from a P. contorta glacial population located west of the Rocky Mountains, before being replaced by P. banksiana migrating westward during the Holocene. In contrast, extensive pollen gene flow would have erased the cpDNA traces of this ancient presence of P. contorta. Additional evidence for this process was provided by the results of canonical analysis, which indicated that the current cpDNA background of trees reflected recent pollen gene flow from the surrounding dominant species rather than historical events that took place during the postglacial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Godbout
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Francis C Yeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of AlbertaEdmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P5
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
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DiFazio SP, Leonardi S, Slavov GT, Garman SL, Adams WT, Strauss SH. Gene flow and simulation of transgene dispersal from hybrid poplar plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:903-915. [PMID: 22221193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow is a primary determinant of potential ecological impacts of transgenic trees. However, gene flow is a complex process that must be assessed in the context of realistic genetic, management, and environmental conditions. We measured gene flow from hybrid poplar plantations using morphological and genetic markers, and developed a spatially explicit landscape model to simulate pollination, dispersal, establishment, and mortality in the context of historical and projected disturbance and land-use regimes. Most pollination and seed establishment occurred within 450 m of the source, with a very long tail. Modeled transgene flow was highly context-dependent, strongly influenced by the competitive effects of transgenes, transgenic fertility, plantation rotation length, disturbance regime, and spatial and temporal variation in selection. The use of linked infertility genes even if imperfect, substantially reduced transgene flow in a wide range of modeled scenarios. The significance of seed and vegetative dispersal was highly dependent on plantation size. Our empirical and modeling studies suggest that transgene spread can be spatially extensive. However, the amount of spread is highly dependent on ecological and management context, and can be greatly limited or prevented by management or mitigation genes such as those that cause sexual infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6057, USA
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Gancho T Slavov
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6057, USA
- Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Steven L Garman
- National Park Service, PO Box 848, Moab, UT 84532, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W Thomas Adams
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3180 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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WEGIER A, PIÑEYRO-NELSON A, ALARCÓN J, GÁLVEZ-MARISCAL A, ÁLVAREZ-BUYLLA ER, PIÑERO D. Recent long-distance transgene flow into wild populations conforms to historical patterns of gene flow in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at its centre of origin. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4182-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Hooftman DAP, Flavell AJ, Jansen H, den Nijs HCM, Syed NH, Sørensen AP, Orozco-Ter Wengel P, van de Wiel CCM. Locus-dependent selection in crop-wild hybrids of lettuce under field conditions and its implication for GM crop development. Evol Appl 2011; 4:648-59. [PMID: 25568012 PMCID: PMC3352534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene escape from crops has gained much attention in the last two decades, as transgenes introgressing into wild populations could affect the latter's ecological characteristics. However, different genes have different likelihoods of introgression. The mixture of selective forces provided by natural conditions creates an adaptive mosaic of alleles from both parental species. We investigated segregation patterns after hybridization between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its wild relative, L. serriola. Three generations of hybrids (S1, BC1, and BC1S1) were grown in habitats mimicking the wild parent's habitat. As control, we harvested S1 seedlings grown under controlled conditions, providing very limited possibility for selection. We used 89 AFLP loci, as well as more recently developed dominant markers, 115 retrotransposon markers (SSAP), and 28 NBS loci linked to resistance genes. For many loci, allele frequencies were biased in plants exposed to natural field conditions, including over-representation of crop alleles for various loci. Furthermore, Linkage disequilibrium was locally changed, allegedly by selection caused by the natural field conditions, providing ample opportunity for genetic hitchhiking. Our study indicates that when developing genetically modified crops, a judicious selection of insertion sites, based on knowledge of selective (dis)advantages of the surrounding crop genome under field conditions, could diminish transgene persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny A P Hooftman
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford, UK
| | | | - Hans Jansen
- Biometris Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C M den Nijs
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pablo Orozco-Ter Wengel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Keygene N.V Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kwit C, Moon HS, Warwick SI, Stewart CN. Transgene introgression in crop relatives: molecular evidence and mitigation strategies. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:284-93. [PMID: 21388698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of crop genes into wild and weedy relative populations (i.e. introgression) has long been of interest to ecologists and weed scientists. Potential negative outcomes that result from crop transgene introgression (e.g. extinction of native wild relative populations; invasive spread by wild or weedy hosts) have not been documented, and few examples of transgene introgression exist. However, molecular evidence of introgression from non-transgenic crops to their relatives continues to emerge, even for crops deemed low-risk candidates for transgene introgression. We posit that transgene introgression monitoring and mitigation strategies are warranted in cases in which transgenes are predicted to confer selective advantages and disadvantages to recipient hosts. The utility and consequences of such strategies are examined, and future directions provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kwit
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Meirmans PG, Lamothe M, Gros-Louis MC, Khasa D, Périnet P, Bousquet J, Isabel N. Complex patterns of hybridization between exotic and native North American poplar species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2010; 97:1688-1697. [PMID: 21616802 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Poplars and their hybrids are seen as important candidates for bioenergy initiatives. However, many concerns have been raised about large-scale plantations of new poplar cultivars. The deployment of such plants with novel traits brings the risk of potential spread of novel genome regions (including exotic genes, transgenes, or other heritable modifications) into natural populations of related species. The possibility of introgression is especially high in poplars because reproductive barriers between species are weak. Knowledge of the frequency of hybridization between cultivated trees and natural populations is one important step in the risk-assessment process. • METHODS We studied the rate of spontaneous hybridization from two sexually mature poplar plantations into adjacent natural populations of Populus deltoides and P. balsamifera. The two plantations, both in eastern Canada, contain many different complex hybrid clones with components from exotic species, mostly P. nigra, P. trichocarpa, and P. maximowiczii. We analyzed 12 species-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms from six different genes in 5373 offspring sampled from the natural populations. • RESULTS Contributions from all three exotics were found in the offspring, confirming low reproductive barriers among poplar species in these sections. The frequency of hybrid offspring varied among pollen donors, recipient populations, and years. • CONCLUSIONS The remarkably high rate of hybridization that was found in the smallest natural population sampled suggests that small peripheral populations carry a higher risk of introgression. These results could be used as a starting point for developing regulatory guidelines for the introduction of plants with novel traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Meirmans
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du PEPS, PO Box 10380 stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, Québec G1V 4C7, Canada
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Tseng M, Bernatchez L. Editorial: 2009 in review. Evol Appl 2010; 3:93-5. [PMID: 25567909 PMCID: PMC3352473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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THOMPSON STACEYLEE, LAMOTHE MANUEL, MEIRMANS PATRICKG, PÉRINET PIERRE, ISABEL NATHALIE. Repeated unidirectional introgression towardsPopulus balsamiferain contact zones of exotic and native poplars. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:132-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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