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Pan Q, Darras H, Keller L. LncRNA gene ANTSR coordinates complementary sex determination in the Argentine ant. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp1532. [PMID: 38820161 PMCID: PMC11141628 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Animals have evolved various sex determination systems. Here, we describe a newly found mechanism. A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transduces complementary sex determination (CSD) signal in the invasive Argentine ant. In this haplodiploid species, we identified a 5-kilobase hyper-polymorphic region underlying CSD: Heterozygous embryos become females, while homozygous and hemizygous embryos become males. Heterozygosity at the CSD locus correlates with higher expression of ANTSR, a gene that overlaps with the CSD locus and specifies an lncRNA transcript. ANTSR knockdown in CSD heterozygotes leads to male development. Comparative analyses indicated that, in Hymenoptera, ANTSR is an ancient yet rapidly evolving gene. This study reveals an lncRNA involved in genetic sex determination, alongside a previously unknown regulatory mechanism underlying sex determination based on complementarity among noncoding alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Pan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Darras
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laurent Keller
- Social Evolution Unit, Cornuit 8, BP 855, Chesières, Switzerland
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2
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Chen F, Schenkel M, Geuverink E, van de Zande L, Beukeboom LW. Absence of complementary sex determination in two Leptopilina species (Figitidae, Hymenoptera) and a reconsideration of its incompatibility with endosymbiont-induced thelytoky. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:900-914. [PMID: 34525260 PMCID: PMC9297927 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Complementary sex determination (CSD) is a widespread sex determination mechanism in haplodiploid Hymenoptera. Under CSD, sex is determined by the allelic state of one or multiple CSD loci. Heterozygosity at one or more loci leads to female development, whereas hemizygosity of haploid eggs and homozygosity of diploid eggs results in male development. Sexual (arrhenotokous) reproduction normally yields haploid male and diploid female offspring. Under asexual reproduction (thelytoky), diploidized unfertilized eggs develop into females. Thelytoky is often induced by bacterial endosymbionts that achieve egg diploidization by gamete duplication. As gamete duplication leads to complete homozygosity, endosymbiont-induced thelytokous reproduction is presumed to be incompatible with CSD, which relies on heterozygosity for female development. Previously, we excluded CSD in four Asobara (Braconidae) species and proposed a two-step mechanism for Wolbachia-induced thelytoky in Asobara japonica. Here, we conclusively reject CSD in two cynipid wasp species, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina clavipes. We further show that thelytoky in L. clavipes depends on Wolbachia titer but that diploidization and feminization steps cannot be separated, unlike in A. japonica. We discuss what these results reveal about the sex determination mechanism of L. clavipes and the presumed incompatibility between CSD and endosymbiont-induced thelytoky in the Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Chen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 11103Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Schenkel
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 11103Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
| | - Elzemiek Geuverink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 11103Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
| | - Louis van de Zande
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 11103Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
| | - Leo W. Beukeboom
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenP.O. Box 11103Groningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
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3
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Garnas JR, Vann KE, Hurley BP. Biotic and abiotic effects on density, body size, sex ratio, and survival in immature stages of the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13752-13766. [PMID: 33391678 PMCID: PMC7771164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource quality can have direct or indirect effects on female oviposition choice, offspring growth and survival, and ultimately on body size and sex ratio. We examined these patterns in Sirex noctilio Fabricus, the globally invasive European pine woodwasp, in South African Pinus patula plantations. We studied how tree position as well as natural variation in biotic and abiotic factors influenced sex-specific density, larval size, tunnel length, male proportion, and survival across development. Twenty infested trees divided into top, middle, and bottom sections were sampled at three time points during larval development. We measured moisture content, bluestain fungal colonization, and co-occurring insect density and counted, measured, and sexed all immature wasps. A subset of larval tunnels was measured to assess tunnel length and resource use efficiency (tunnel length as a function of immature wasp size). Wasp density increased from the bottoms to the tops of trees for both males and females. However, the largest individuals and the longest tunnels were found in bottom sections. Male bias was strong (~10:1) and likewise differed among sections, with the highest proportion in the middle and top sections. Sex ratios became more strongly male biased due to high female mortality, especially in top and middle sections. Biotic and abiotic factors such as colonization by Diplodia sapinea, weevil (Pissodes sp.) density, and wood moisture explained modest residual variation in our primary mixed effects models (0%-22%). These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of sex-specific resource quality for S. noctilio and of how variation in key biotic and abiotic factors can influence body size, sex ratio, and survival in this economically important woodwasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff R. Garnas
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment (NREN)University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Katie E. Vann
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Present address:
WeyerhaeuserWeyerhaeuser NRVanceboroNCUSA
| | - Brett P. Hurley
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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4
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Collet M, Amat I, Sauzet S, Auguste A, Fauvergue X, Mouton L, Desouhant E. Insects and incest: Sib-mating tolerance in natural populations of a parasitoid wasp. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:596-609. [PMID: 31850599 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sib-mating avoidance is a pervasive behaviour that is expected to evolve in species subject to inbreeding depression. Although laboratory studies provide elegant demonstrations, small-scaled bioassays minimize the costs of mate finding and choice, and thus may produce spurious findings. We therefore combined laboratory experiments with field observations to examine the existence of inbreeding avoidance using the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. In the laboratory, our approach consisted of mate-choice experiments to assess kin discrimination in population cages with competitive interactions. A higher mating probability after sib rejections suggested that females could discriminate their sibs; however, in contrast to previous findings, sib-mating avoidance was not observed. To compare our laboratory results to field data, we captured 241 individuals from two populations. Females laid eggs in the lab, and 226 daughters were obtained. All individuals were genotyped at 18 microsatellite loci, which allowed inference of the genotype of each female's mate and subsequently the relatedness within each mating pair. We found that the observed rate of sib-mating did not differ from the probability that sibs encountered one another at random in the field, which is consistent with an absence of sib-mating avoidance. In addition, we detected a weak but significant male-biased dispersal, which could reduce encounters between sibs. We also found weak fitness costs associated with sib-mating. As such, the sex-biased dispersal that we found is probably sufficient to mitigate these costs. These results imply that kin discrimination has probably evolved for purposes other than mate choice, such as superparasitism avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Collet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Amat
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Sauzet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Mouton
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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5
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Queffelec J, Wooding AL, Greeff JM, Garnas JR, Hurley BP, Wingfield MJ, Slippers B. Mechanisms that influence sex ratio variation in the invasive hymenopteran Sirex noctilio in South Africa. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7966-7973. [PMID: 31380064 PMCID: PMC6662311 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirex noctilio is an economically important invasive pest of commercial pine forestry in the Southern Hemisphere. Newly established invasive populations of this woodwasp are characterized by highly male-biased sex ratios that subsequently revert to those seen in the native range. This trend was not observed in the population of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa, which remained highly male-biased for almost a decade. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of this persistent male bias. As an explanation for this pattern, we test hypotheses related to mating success, female investment in male versus female offspring, and genetic diversity affecting diploid male production due to complementary sex determination. We found that 61% of females in a newly established S. noctilio population were mated. Microsatellite data analysis showed that populations of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa are far less genetically diverse than those from the winter rainfall region, with mean Nei's unbiased gene diversity indexes of 0.056 and 0.273, respectively. These data also identified diploid males at low frequencies in both the winter (5%) and summer (2%) rainfall regions. The results suggest the presence of a complementary sex determination mechanism in S. noctilio, but imply that reduced genetic diversity is not the main driver of the male bias observed in the summer rainfall region. Among all the factors considered, selective investment in sons appears to have the most significant influence on male bias in S. noctilio populations. Why this investment remains different in frontier or early invasive populations is not clear but could be influenced by females laying unfertilized eggs to avoid diploid male production in populations with a high genetic relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joséphine Queffelec
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Amy L. Wooding
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Jaco M. Greeff
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Jeffrey R. Garnas
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew Hampshire
- Department of Zoology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Brett P. Hurley
- Department of Zoology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Department of Zoology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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Nair A, Nonaka E, van Nouhuys S. Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0372. [PMID: 30135149 PMCID: PMC6125898 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can increase spatial synchrony of population dynamics, leading to large-scale fluctuation that destabilizes communities. High trophic level species such as parasitoids are disproportionally affected because they depend on unstable resources. Most parasitoid wasps have complementary sex determination, producing sterile males when inbred, which can theoretically lead to population extinction via the diploid male vortex (DMV). We examined this process empirically using a hyperparasitoid population inhabiting a spatially structured host population in a large fragmented landscape. Over four years of high host butterfly metapopulation fluctuation, diploid male production by the wasp increased, and effective population size declined precipitously. Our multitrophic spatially structured model shows that host population fluctuation can cause local extinctions of the hyperparasitoid because of the DMV. However, regionally it persists because spatial structure allows for efficient local genetic rescue via balancing selection for rare alleles carried by immigrants. This is, to our knowledge, the first empirically based study of the possibility of the DMV in a natural host–parasitoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Nair
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland .,Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Zaviezo T, Retamal R, Urvois T, Fauvergue X, Blin A, Malausa T. Effects of inbreeding on a gregarious parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination. Evol Appl 2017; 11:243-253. [PMID: 29387159 PMCID: PMC5775491 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding and inbreeding depression are processes in small populations of particular interest for a range of human activities such as animal breeding, species conservation, or pest management. In particular, biological control programs should benefit from a thorough understanding of the causes and consequences of inbreeding because natural enemies experience repetitive bottlenecks during importation, laboratory rearing, and introduction. Predicting the effect of inbreeding in hymenopteran parasitoid wasps, frequently used in biological control programs, is nonetheless a difficult endeavor. In haplodiploid parasitoids, the purge of deleterious alleles via haploid males should reduce genetic load, but if these species also have complementary sex determination (CSD), abnormal diploid males will be produced, which may jeopardize the success of biological control introductions. Mastrus ridens is such a parasitoid wasp with CSD, introduced to control the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). We studied its life history traits in the laboratory under two conditions: inbred (full‐sib) and outbred (nonsib) crosses, across five generations, to examine the consequences of inbreeding in this species. We found that in inbred lines, nonreproducing females live less, the number of daughters produced was lower, and sex ratio (proportion of males) and proportion of diploid males were higher. Diploid males were able to produce fertile daughters, but fewer than haploid males. Lineage survival was similar for inbred and outbred lines across the five generations. The most significant decrease in fitness was thus a consequence of the production of diploid males, but this effect was not as extreme as in most other species with CSD, due to the fertility of diploid males. This study highlights the importance of determining the type of sex determination in parasitoid wasps used for biological control, and the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in species with CSD when importation or augmentation is the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaviezo
- Facultad Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Romina Retamal
- Facultad Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Teddy Urvois
- ISAINRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur Sophia-Antipolis France.,Université de Bourgogne Dijon France
| | | | - Aurélie Blin
- ISAINRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur Sophia-Antipolis France
| | - Thibaut Malausa
- ISAINRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur Sophia-Antipolis France
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8
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Bompard A, Amat I, Fauvergue X, Spataro T. Trophic interactions may reverse the demographic consequences of inbreeding. Ecology 2017; 97:3131-3142. [PMID: 27870041 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extinctions have no simple determinism, but rather result from complex interplays between environmental factors and demographic-genetic feedback that occur at small population size. Inbreeding depression has been assumed to be a major trigger of extinction vortices, yet very few models have studied its consequences in dynamic populations with realistic population structure. Here we investigate the impact of Complementary Sex Determination (CSD) on extinction in parasitoid wasps and other insects of the order Hymenoptera. CSD is believed to induce enough inbreeding depression to doom simple small populations to extinction, but we suggest that in parasitoids CSD may have the opposite effect. Using a theoretical model combining the genetics of CSD and the population dynamics of host-parasitoid systems, we show that CSD can reduce the risk of parasitoid extinction by reducing fluctuations in population size. Our result suggests that inbreeding depression is not always a threat to population survival, and that considering trophic interactions may reverse some pervasive hypotheses on its demographic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bompard
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, UMR 7618, UPMC-CNRS, Paris, 75005, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, University of London Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, Norfolk Place, W21PG London, UK
| | - Isabelle Amat
- UMR 5558 Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Xavier Fauvergue
- INRA - CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 1355 - 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, 06903, France
| | - Thierry Spataro
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, UMR 7618, UPMC-CNRS, Paris, 75005, France.,AgroParisTech, Paris, F-75005, France
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9
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Weis JJ, Ode PJ, Heimpel GE. Balancing selection maintains sex determining alleles in multiple‐locus complementary sex determination. Evolution 2017; 71:1246-1257. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome J. Weis
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108
| | - Paul J. Ode
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523
| | - George E. Heimpel
- Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108
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10
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Collet M, Vayssade C, Auguste A, Mouton L, Desouhant E, Malausa T, Fauvergue X. Diploid male production correlates with genetic diversity in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens: a genetic approach with new microsatellite markers. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6721-6734. [PMID: 27777743 PMCID: PMC5058541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination is ruled by haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, with haploid males arising from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. However, diploid males with null fitness are produced under complementary sex determination (CSD), when individuals are homozygous for this locus. Diploid males are expected to be more frequent in genetically eroded populations (such as islands and captive populations), as genetic diversity at the csd locus should be low. However, only a few studies have focused on the relation between population size, genetic diversity, and the proportion of diploid males in the field. Here, we developed new microsatellite markers in order to assess and compare genetic diversity and diploid male proportion (DMP) in populations from three distinct habitat types - mainland, island, or captive -, in the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. Eroded genetic diversity and higher DMP were found in island and captive populations, and habitat type had large effect on genetic diversity. Therefore, DMP reflects the decreasing genetic diversity in small and isolated populations. Thus, Hymenopteran populations can be at high extinction risk due to habitat destruction or fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Collet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Chloé Vayssade
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Alexandra Auguste
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Laurence Mouton
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558CNRSUniversité Claude BernardUniversité de LyonF‐69622VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Thibaut Malausa
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Xavier Fauvergue
- UMR 1355‐7254 Institut Sophia AgrobiotechCNRSUniversité Nice Sophia AntipolisINRA06900Sophia AntipolisFrance
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11
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Trevisan M, De Bortoli SA, Vacari AM, Laurentis VL, Ramalho DG. Quality of the Exotic Parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Does Not Show Deleterious Effects after Inbreeding for 10 Generations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160898. [PMID: 27509087 PMCID: PMC4979891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) has proven effective in controlling sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) for many years, concern has arisen over the quality of individuals produced at large scales. The parasitoid has been reared in laboratories in Brazil for more than 40 years, with no new introductions of new populations during that period. Since the quality of the parasitoids was not verified at the time of the species' introduction in Brazil, we do not know if there has been any reduction in quality so far. However, it is possible to determine whether the parasitoid could reduce in quality in future generations. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the quality of these insects over 10 generations and look for evidence of any loss in quality. We used two populations: one from a biofactory that has been maintained in the laboratory for over 40 years, and an inbred laboratory population. Both were bred, and compared for 10 generations. We wanted to determine what happened to the quality of the parasitoid after 10 generations in an extreme inbreeding situation. To assure inbreeding, newly emerged females were forced to mate with a sibling. Individual females were then allowed to parasitize larvae of D. saccharalis. We performed evaluations for each generation until the tenth generation, and recorded the sex ratio, percentage emergence, number of offspring/females, and longevity of both males and females. Results of the measurements of biological characteristics demonstrated random significant differences between populations; best results were obtained intermittently for both the biofactory population and the inbred population. No significant differences across generations for the same population were observed. Thus, rearing of a C. flavipes population subjected to inbreeding for 10 generations was not sufficient to reveal any deleterious effects of inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Trevisan
- Laboratory of Biology and Insect Rearing (LBIR), Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University—FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio A. De Bortoli
- Laboratory of Biology and Insect Rearing (LBIR), Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University—FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M. Vacari
- Laboratory of Biology and Insect Rearing (LBIR), Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University—FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Valéria L. Laurentis
- Laboratory of Biology and Insect Rearing (LBIR), Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University—FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dagmara G. Ramalho
- Department of Biology, São Paulo University–USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Zepeda-Paulo F, Dion E, Lavandero B, Mahéo F, Outreman Y, Simon JC, Figueroa CC. Signatures of genetic bottleneck and differentiation after the introduction of an exotic parasitoid for classical biological control. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-1029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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de Boer JG, Groenen MAM, Pannebakker BA, Beukeboom LW, Kraus RHS. Population-level consequences of complementary sex determination in a solitary parasitoid. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:98. [PMID: 26025754 PMCID: PMC4461988 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex determination mechanisms are known to be evolutionarily labile but the factors driving transitions in sex determination mechanisms are poorly understood. All insects of the Hymenoptera are haplodiploid, with males normally developing from unfertilized haploid eggs. Under complementary sex determination (CSD), diploid males can be produced from fertilized eggs that are homozygous at the sex locus. Diploid males have near-zero fitness and thus represent a genetic load, which is especially severe under inbreeding. Here, we study mating structure and sex determination in the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis to investigate what may have driven the evolution of two complementary sex determination loci in this species. Results We genotyped Cotesia vestalis females collected from eight fields in four townships in Western Taiwan. 98 SNP markers were developed by aligning Illumina sequence reads of pooled DNA of eight different females against a de novo assembled genome of C. vestalis. This proved to be an efficient method for this non-model species and provides a resource for future use in related species. We found significant genetic differentiation within the sampled population but variation could not be attributed to sampling locations by AMOVA. Non-random mating was detected, with 8.1% of matings between siblings. Diploid males, detected by flow cytometry, were produced at a rate of 1.4% among diploids. Conclusions We think that the low rate of diploid male production is best explained by a CSD system with two independent sex loci, supporting laboratory findings on the same species. Fitness costs of diploid males in C. vestalis are high because diploid males can mate with females and produce infertile triploid offspring. This severe fitness cost of diploid males combined with non-random mating may have resulted in evolution from single locus CSD to CSD with two independent loci. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0340-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetske G de Boer
- Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart A Pannebakker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo W Beukeboom
- Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert H S Kraus
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.
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14
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Fauvergue X, Chuine A, Vayssade C, Auguste A, Desouhant E. Sterile males in a parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination: from fitness costs to population extinction. BMC Ecol 2015; 15:13. [PMID: 25962498 PMCID: PMC4449571 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-014-0032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), which occurs in some insects of the order Hymenoptera, imposes a heavy genetic load that can drive small populations to extinction. The core process in these species is the development of individuals homozygous at the sex-determining locus into unfit diploid males. The risk of extinction of populations with sl-CSD is theoretically much higher if diploid males are viable and capable of mating but sterile, because diploid males then decrease the reproductive output of both their parents and the females with which they mate. RESULTS In the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), diploid males resembled their haploid counterparts in most respects, but their mating success was nevertheless lower than that of haploid males, especially when the two types of males were placed in competition. Furthermore, although diploid males transferred viable sperm during copulation, they sired no daughters: the females with which they mated produced only sons, like virgin females. A simulation model combining behavior, genetics and demography demonstrated that for two alternative hypotheses concerning the fertilization success of diploid sperm, the mating success of diploid males strongly affected population dynamics. CONCLUSION The performance of diploid males should be estimated in competitive situations. It is a crucial determinant of the probability of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fauvergue
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903, Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Anna Chuine
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Chloé Vayssade
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Alexandra Auguste
- INRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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15
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Carabajal Paladino L, Muntaabski I, Lanzavecchia S, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Viscarret M, Juri M, Fueyo-Sánchez L, Papeschi A, Cladera J, Bressa MJ. Complementary sex determination in the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119619. [PMID: 25789748 PMCID: PMC4366257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the sex determination in Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, a parasitoid braconid wasp widely used as biological control agent of fruit pest tephritid flies. We tested the complementary sex determination hypothesis (CSD) known in at least 60 species of Hymenoptera. According to CSD, male or female development depends on the allelic composition of one sex locus (single-locus CSD) or multiple sex loci (multiple-locus CSD). Hemizygote individuals are normal haploid males, and heterozygotes for at least one sex locus are normal diploid females, but homozygotes for all the sex loci are diploid males. In order to force the occurrence of diploid males in D. longicaudata, we established highly inbred lines and examined their offspring using chromosome counting, flow cytometry, and sex ratio analysis. We found that when mother-son crosses were studied, this wasp produced about 20% of diploid males out of the total male progeny. Our results suggest that this parasitoid may represent the second genus with multiple-locus CSD in Hymenoptera. Knowledge about the sex determination system in D. longicaudata is relevant for the improvement of mass rearing protocols of this species. This information also provides the necessary background for further investigations on the underlying molecular mechanisms of sex determination in this species, and a better insight into the evolution of this pathway in Hymenoptera in particular and insects in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonela Carabajal Paladino
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A Favret,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Irina Muntaabski
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A Favret,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A Favret,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Viscarret
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Marianela Juri
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A Favret,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Fueyo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Alba Papeschi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Cladera
- Instituto de Genética “Ewald A Favret,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - María José Bressa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Aguilar-Fenollosa E, Jacas JA. Can we forecast the effects of climate change on entomophagous biological control agents? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:853-859. [PMID: 24254389 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide climate has been changing rapidly over the past decades. Air temperatures have been increasing in most regions and will probably continue to rise for most of the present century, regardless of any mitigation policy put in place. Although increased herbivory from enhanced biomass production and changes in plant quality are generally accepted as a consequence of global warming, the eventual status of any pest species will mostly depend on the relative effects of climate change on its own versus its natural enemies' complex. Because a bottom-up amplification effect often occurs in trophic webs subjected to any kind of disturbance, natural enemies are expected to suffer the effects of climate change to a greater extent than their phytophagous hosts/preys. A deeper understanding of the genotypic diversity of the populations of natural enemies and their target pests will allow an informed reaction to climate change. New strategies for the selection of exotic natural enemies and their release and establishment will have to be adopted. Conservation biological control will probably become the keystone for the successful management of these biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Aguilar-Fenollosa
- Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Unitat Associada d'Entomologia Agrícola UJI-IVIA (Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries), Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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17
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Geuverink E, Beukeboom LW. Phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary dynamics of the sex determination genes doublesex and transformer in insects. Sex Dev 2013; 8:38-49. [PMID: 24401160 DOI: 10.1159/000357056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination in insects is characterized by a gene cascade that is conserved at the bottom but contains diverse primary signals at the top. The bottom master switch gene doublesex is found in all insects. Its upstream regulator transformer is present in the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, but has thus far not been found in Lepidoptera and in the basal lineages of Diptera. transformer is presumed to be ancestral to the holometabolous insects based on its shared domains and conserved features of autoregulation and sex-specific splicing. We interpret that its absence in basal lineages of Diptera and its order-specific conserved domains indicate multiple independent losses or recruitments into the sex determination cascade. Duplications of transformer are found in derived families within the Hymenoptera, characterized by their complementary sex determination mechanism. As duplications are not found in any other insect order, they appear linked to the haplodiploid reproduction of the Hymenoptera. Further phylogenetic analyses combined with functional studies are needed to understand the evolutionary history of the transformer gene among insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geuverink
- Evolutionary Genetics, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Vorburger C. Thelytoky and sex determination in the hymenoptera: mutual constraints. Sex Dev 2013; 8:50-8. [PMID: 24335186 DOI: 10.1159/000356508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hymenoptera show a high propensity for transitions from arrhenotokous reproduction (diploid females develop from fertilized eggs, haploid males from unfertilized eggs) to thelytokous reproduction (diploid females develop from unfertilized eggs). However, the evolution of thelytoky is frequently constrained by the sex determination system. Under the ancestral system, complementary sex determination (CSD), the constraint results from the production of diploid males by thelytokous females. The magnitude of this constraint depends on the cytological mechanism of thelytoky, determining the rate at which thelytokous lines lose heterozygosity and on whether a single locus or multiple loci are involved in CSD. In this review, it is discussed how diploid male production in the case of CSD or other constraints in the case of alternative sex determination systems may impede transitions to thelytoky, but it is also shown that under particular (and presumably rare) circumstances the production of diploid males will promote rather than hamper the evolution of thelytoky. Furthermore, constraints between the evolution of thelytoky and sex determination may be mutual, because once thelytoky has evolved, it can impact on sex determination. Finally, researchers are encouraged to exploit the frequent occurrence of thelytoky as an opportunity to learn more about the mechanisms of sex determination in the Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vorburger
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, and EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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19
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Ma WJ, Kuijper B, de Boer JG, van de Zande L, Beukeboom LW, Wertheim B, Pannebakker BA. Absence of complementary sex determination in the parasitoid wasp genus Asobara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e60459. [PMID: 23637750 PMCID: PMC3614920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive way to improve our understanding of sex determination evolution is to study the underlying mechanisms in closely related species and in a phylogenetic perspective. Hymenopterans are well suited owing to the diverse sex determination mechanisms, including different types of Complementary Sex Determination (CSD) and maternal control sex determination. We investigated different types of CSD in four species within the braconid wasp genus Asobara that exhibit diverse life-history traits. Nine to thirteen generations of inbreeding were monitored for diploid male production, brood size, offspring sex ratio, and pupal mortality as indicators for CSD. In addition, simulation models were developed to compare these observations to predicted patterns for multilocus CSD with up to ten loci. The inbreeding regime did not result in diploid male production, decreased brood sizes, substantially increased offspring sex ratios nor in increased pupal mortality. The simulations further allowed us to reject CSD with up to ten loci, which is a strong refutation of the multilocus CSD model. We discuss how the absence of CSD can be reconciled with the variation in life-history traits among Asobara species, and the ramifications for the phylogenetic distribution of sex determination mechanisms in the Hymenoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ma
- Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Roderick
- Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA, USA e-mail:
| | - Ruth Hufbauer
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA e-mail:
| | - Maria Navajas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de BaillarguetCS 30016, 34988, Montferrier-Sur-Lez, France e-mail:
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