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Amro H, Najjar S, Owda M, Elayyan F. A comprehensive national survey on malocclusion prevalence among Palestinian children. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:664. [PMID: 38849789 PMCID: PMC11157726 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine. METHODS A stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically. RESULTS The study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamsa Amro
- Preventive Department, Oral and Dental Health Unit, Ministry of Health, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Shahenaz Najjar
- Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Arab American University, Ramallah, Palestine.
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, Pillar Quality and Safety, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.
- UBI Business School, Brussels, Belgium.
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Europe, Denmark.
| | - Majdi Owda
- Faculty of Data Science, Arab American University, Ramallah, Palestine
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Ruan C, Xiong J, Li Z, Zhu Y, Cai Q. Study on decision-making for orthodontic treatment plans based on analytic hierarchy process. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:488. [PMID: 38658882 PMCID: PMC11040963 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontics is a common treatment for malocclusion and is essential for improving the oral health and aesthetics of patients. Currently, patients often rely on the clinical expertise and professional knowledge of doctors to select orthodontic programs. However, they lack their own objective and systematic evaluation methods to quantitatively compare different programs. Therefore, there is a need for a more comprehensive and quantitative approach to selecting orthodontic treatment plans, aiming to enhance their scientific validity and effectiveness. METHODS In this study, a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and semantic analysis was used to evaluate and compare different orthodontic treatment options. An AHP model and evaluation matrix were established through thorough research and semantic analysis of patient requirements. This model considered various treatment factors. Expert panels were invited to rate these factors using a 1-9 scale. The optimal solution was determined by ranking and comparing different orthodontic treatment plans using the geometric mean method to calculate the weights of each criterion. RESULTS The research indicates a higher preference for invisible correction compared to other orthodontic solutions, with a weight score that is 0.3923 higher. Factors such as comfort and difficulty of cleaning have been given significant attention. CONCLUSION The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method can be utilized to effectively develop orthodontic treatment plans, making the treatment process more objective, scientific, and personalized. The design of this study offers strong decision support for orthodontic treatment, potentially improving orthodontic treatment outcomes in clinical practice and ultimately enhancing oral health and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Ruan
- Department of stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianying Xiong
- Department of stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihe Li
- Department of stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Department of stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Qiongqiong Cai
- Department of stomatology, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian, China
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Ben Gassem AA, Aldweesh AH, Alsagob EI, Alanazi AM, Hafiz AM, Aljohani RS, Kurdi YE, Abu Hammad O. Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion and Self-Perceived Orthodontic Treatment Need among Young Adult Dental Patients. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:713-719. [PMID: 36075263 PMCID: PMC10569871 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and self-rated and clinician-rated orthodontic treatment need on young adult patients in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen- to 30-year-old patients (n=355) attending a tertiary dental care facility were included. Three instruments were used for data collection: (1) Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ), (2) aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC), self-rated and clinician-rated, and (3) clinician-rated Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Females were significantly more impacted than males on all domains with the exception of the dental self-consciousness domain. For both the self-rated and clinician-rated IOTN and the DAI, it was found that the more severe the malocclusion, the higher the impact on all domains except for the dental self-confidence domain, which showed that patients with mild malocclusions were more affected than those with moderate and severe malocclusions. Significant associations were observed between independent variables (age, sex, self-rated IOTN, and DAI) and total PIDAQ score. CONCLUSIONS Perceived psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics is directly related to severity of malocclusion (self-rated and clinician-rated) for all domains of the PIDAQ accept the DSC, and females showed higher psychosocial impact than males. Clinicians should consider the impact of malocclusion and certain demographic characteristics on the psychosocial well-being of an individual when determining the orthodontic treatment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan A. Ben Gassem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljazi H. Aldweesh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arwa M. Hafiz
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf S. Aljohani
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara E. Kurdi
- College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abu Hammad
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan and Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Incisal Interference Correction after Severe Extrusive Luxation Trauma during Orthodontic Treatment. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:7181481. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7181481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report presents the treatment of a 12-year-old boy who suffered serious dental trauma, accompanied with buccal alveolar socket wall fractures, during orthodontic treatment. The maxillary right lateral incisor and canine were severely extruded and laterally luxated to the palatal side, resulting in an anterior crossbite and creating an incisal interference that prevented the jaws from closing in normal occlusion. During emergency treatment, the dentist attempted manual repositioning, but both severely extruded teeth were found to be immobile. One day after trauma, orthodontic repositioning was started using full fixed appliances with light 0.012″ nickel–titanium round wires, and this occlusal interference was corrected within 3 weeks. In the various internationally recognized treatment guidelines, the options for orthodontic repositioning for dental luxation trauma are only marginally described. Internationally accepted dental treatment guidelines may include immediate orthodontic repositioning after trauma as a treatment option in the management of dental extrusive and lateral luxation trauma.
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Yadav R, Ranabhat M, Yadav AK. Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment Need—An Ethnic and Gender Prospective. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03015742221122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need is a widely used index to assess the orthodontic treatment need among various populations. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare orthodontic treatment needs of Nepali among gender and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 800 children (400 males and 400 females) above 14 years of age were selected from different schools of Kathmandu using multistage sampling technique. The study sample was grouped into 2 ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan and Janajati. Two trained and calibrated examiners examined school-going children using Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need tool. Statistical comparison of the study variables by gender and ethnicity was done. Results: Dental Health Component showed 36.75% male and 34.5% female, and 39% Indo-Aryan and 29.76% Janajati had great treatment need. The Aesthetic Component (AC) showed 13.75% male and 12.25% female, and 12.5% Indo-Aryan 14.58% Janajati had great/severe need. Conclusions: Males had great/severe need of treatment for both Dental Health Component and Aesthetic Component (AC). Indo-Aryan showed higher degree of great/severe need for Dental Health Component and lesser degree of great/severe need for Aesthetic Component (AC) than Janajati.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Medicine, MMC Dental Teaching Hospital, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mukti Ranabhat
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Medicine, MMC Dental Teaching Hospital, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Dentistry, Provincial Hospital, Madhesh Institute of Health Science, Madhesh Pradesh, Janakpurdham, Dhanusha, Nepal
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Pandit SK, Mitra S, Pal P. Orthodontic treatment need and perception: A comparative study between different socio-economic groups of patients. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_32_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to compare parents’ perceptions of their children’s malocclusion and clinician-measured normative orthodontic treatment need with the socioeconomic status of the parents as a means of assessing whether demand for treatment is uniform across socioeconomic groups.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 212 (125 girls and 87 boys) subjects between the ages of 8 and 25 years (mean age 17.03 ± 3.9) were assessed. The parents were asked to score the dental attractiveness of their children and their socioeconomic status (SES) based on the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the modified Kuppuswamy scale (2018), respectively. The subjects recorded their self-perception using the OASIS scale. These scores were then compared within themselves and with those of the clinician who also scored the Dental Health Component (DHC) and AC of the IOTN. The AC grade of the IOTN and parents’ SES was tested with the Chi-square test. The association between the AC scores of the IOTN, DHC, and the characteristics of the subjects was tested with Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho).
Results:
Treatment uptake was uniform throughout the different socioeconomic groups. Association between the SES group and DHC group and clinician-measured AC were statistically not significant (P = 0.3958), (P = 0.3447). Parents, in this study population, irrespective of their socioeconomic status rated their children’s orthodontic treatment need less severely than the clinician (P = 0.0001). Severity of malocclusion as measured by DHC was much higher in male subjects than in females (P = 0.0348).
Conclusion:
Socioeconomic status of the parents did not seem to affect their perception of dental appearance. Self-perception of appearance and perceived treatment need was uniform throughout the different socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Pandit
- Department of Orthodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,
| | - Soumo Mitra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,
| | - Prateeti Pal
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,
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Hung M, Su S, Hon ES, Tilley E, Macdonald A, Lauren E, Roberson G, Lipsky MS. Examination of orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States from 1996 to 2016: disparities across demographics and insurance payers. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 34001095 PMCID: PMC8130155 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontics prevent and treat facial, dental, and occlusal anomalies. Untreated orthodontic problems can lead to significant dental public health issues, making it important to understand expenditures for orthodontic treatment. This study examined orthodontic expenditures and trends in the United States over 2 decades. Methods This study used data collected by the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to examine orthodontic expenditures in the United States from 1996 to 2016. Descriptive statistics for orthodontic expenditures were computed and graphed across various groups. Trends in orthodontic expenditures were adjusted to the 2016 United States dollar to account for inflation and deflation over time. Sampling weights were applied in estimating per capita and total expenditures to account for non-responses in population groups. Results Total orthodontic expenditures in the United States almost doubled from $11.5 billion in 1996 to $19.9 billion in 2016 with the average orthodontic expenditure per person increasing from $42.69 in 1996 to $61.52 in 2016. Black individuals had the lowest per capita orthodontic visit expenditure at $30.35. Out-of-pocket expenses represented the highest total expenditure and although the amount of out-of-pocket expenses increased over the years, they decreased as a percentage of total expenditures. Public insurance increased the most over the study period but still accounted for the smallest percentage of expenditures. Over the course of the study, several annual decreases were interspersed with years of increased spending Conclusion While government insurance expenditure increased over the study period, out of pocket expenditures remained the largest contributor. Annual decreases in expenditure associated with economic downturns and result from the reliance on out-of-pocket payments for orthodontic care. Differences in spending among groups suggest disparities in orthodontic care among the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA. .,University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Sharon Su
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Eric S Hon
- University of Chicago The College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edgar Tilley
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Alex Macdonald
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Evelyn Lauren
- University of Utah Department of Mathematics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen Roberson
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA
| | - Martin S Lipsky
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, 10894 S. River Front Parkway, South Jordan, UT, 84095, USA.,Portland State University Institute on Aging, Portland, OR, USA
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Tidbury K, Sayers M, Andiappan M, Newton JT. Psychometric validation of a pre-existing questionnaire used to measure patient satisfaction following orthodontic treatment in a UK population. J Orthod 2021; 48:231-240. [PMID: 33557661 PMCID: PMC8385582 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520985520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of a pre-existing orthodontic satisfaction questionnaire and to assess patient satisfaction of their orthodontic treatment. Design: Psychometric assessment of a pre-existing orthodontic satisfaction questionnaire. Setting: Two sites at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Participants: Individuals aged 12–15 years who had completed fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: An expert panel assessed a pre-existing orthodontic treatment satisfaction questionnaire for validity and readability. As a result, revisions were made to the questionnaire and it was distributed to 103 participants aged 12–15 years, on completion of their fixed orthodontic treatment (T1). Test–retest reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through completion of a second questionnaire by 17 participants, at a two-week interval (T2). The questionnaire was assessed for reliability using item-total correlations (I-TC) and Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis allowed exploration of the underlying factor structure of the questionnaire. Test–retest reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was used to find out the significant demographic variables that predicts the satisfaction level of treatment. Results: Following validity and readability assessment by the expert panel, the questionnaire was revised. Eleven items were removed following item analysis (with I-TC ⩽ 0.3). Factor analysis was deemed uninterpretable. The overall scale demonstrated greater reliability than the underlying sub-scales. Therefore, the sub-scales were removed, resulting in one scale which assessed overall orthodontic satisfaction, comprising 37 items, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.92. The test–retest reliability of the revised 37-item scale was deemed to be poor (kappa coefficient = 0.39). Multiple regression analysis identified ethnicity as a significant predictor of orthodontic treatment satisfaction (P = 0.01). Conclusion: This study provides a valid measure to assess orthodontic treatment satisfaction for use in a UK population aged 12–15 years on completion of fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Tidbury
- Orthodontic Department, King's College Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Mark Sayers
- Orthodontic Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Manoharan Andiappan
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences. King's College Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathon T Newton
- Social & Behavioural Sciences Unit, Department of Population and Patient Health, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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AlSagob EI, Alkeait F, Alhaimy L, Alqahtani M, Hebbal M, Ben Gassem AA. Impact of Self-Perceived Dental Esthetic on Psycho-Social Well-Being and Dental Self Confidence: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Female Students in Riyadh City. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:919-926. [PMID: 33986593 PMCID: PMC8110267 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s308141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the self-perceived psychological impact of dental aesthetics among female university students and its relationship to various sociodemographic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2400 female students from various departments of selected private and public universities in Riyadh City. Participants completed an Arabic translated version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a short demographic sheet. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the sample's sociodemographic characteristics as well as the mean PIDAQ scores. Bivariate analysis (ANOVA) and linear regression were used to investigate the impact of the sociodemographic factors on the mean PIDAQ scores. RESULTS The pilot test revealed the instruments' conceptual equivalence, semantic equivalence and ease of comprehension. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, indicating good internal consistency. The total sample was 1845 with a mean age of 20.74 years. The total mean score for the (PIDAQ) was 58.10 (SD=11.41). Significant differences were detected between different university affiliation in the dental self-consciousness (<0.0001), social (<0.0001) and psychological impacts (0.0256) and the total PIDAQ scores (0.0024). Significant differences were also detected between different disciplines in the dental aesthetics (0.0110) and social (0.0195) domains as well as the total PIDAQ scores (0.0144). College level was also a significant factor where middle students were significantly impacted socially (0.0026) compared to junior level students. As for the impact of income, those with the highest income displayed greater social impact (0.0039), psychological impact (0.0046) and impact on aesthetic attitude (0.0037) when compared to students with lower income levels. CONCLUSION Dental aesthetics was found to affect the psychological well-being of the subjects. University affiliation, faculty affiliation, college level, and level of income were all factors that significantly affected self-perceived aesthetics and psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I AlSagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alkeait
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alhaimy
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Melha Alqahtani
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamata Hebbal
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan A Ben Gassem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Afnan A Ben Gassem Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, P.O Box 41311, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, 42353, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 500455493 Email
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Kahn S, Ehrlich P, Feldman M, Sapolsky R, Wong S. The Jaw Epidemic: Recognition, Origins, Cures, and Prevention. Bioscience 2020; 70:759-771. [PMID: 32973408 PMCID: PMC7498344 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary humans are living very different lives from those of their ancestors, and some of the changes have had serious consequences for health. Multiple chronic "diseases of civilization," such as cardiovascular problems, cancers, ADHD, and dementias are prevalent, increasing morbidity rates. Stress, including the disruption of traditional sleep patterns by modern lifestyles, plays a prominent role in the etiology of these diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea. Surprisingly, jaw shrinkage since the agricultural revolution, leading to an epidemic of crooked teeth, a lack of adequate space for the last molars (wisdom teeth), and constricted airways, is a major cause of sleep-related stress. Despite claims that the cause of this jaw epidemic is somehow genetic, the speed with which human jaws have changed, especially in the last few centuries, is much too fast to be evolutionary. Correlation in time and space strongly suggests the symptoms are phenotypic responses to a vast natural experiment-rapid and dramatic modifications of human physical and cultural environments. The agricultural and industrial revolutions have produced smaller jaws and less-toned muscles of the face and oropharynx, which contribute to the serious health problems mentioned above. The mechanism of change, research and clinical trials suggest, lies in orofacial posture, the way people now hold their jaws when not voluntarily moving them in speaking or eating and especially when sleeping. The critical resting oral posture has been disrupted in societies no longer hunting and gathering. Virtually all aspects of how modern people function and rest are radically different from those of our ancestors. We also briefly discuss treatment of jaw symptoms and possible clinical cures for individuals, as well as changes in society that might lead to better care and, ultimately, prevention.
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Nguee AMAM, Ongkosuwito EM, Jaddoe VWV, Wolvius EB, Kragt L. Impact of orthodontic treatment need and deviant occlusal traits on oral health-related quality of life in children: A cross-sectional study in the Generation R cohort. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:764-772.e4. [PMID: 32487306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have investigated the impact of orthodontic treatment need (OTN) on children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). However, few studies have explored the impact of deviant occlusal traits on OHRQOL regarding the severity of OTN. This cross-sectional study aims to address this gap in the literature. METHODS This study was conducted within the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. We assessed OTN with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and OHRQOL with a parental short-form of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile in 3048 children at a median age of 9.74 years (9.5-10.0). We also further assessed individual malocclusion traits in a subsample of 2714 children. We investigated the association between OTN, malocclusion traits, and OHRQOL using multiple regression analysis with weighted least squares. RESULTS Children with definite (adjusted effect estimate = -0.81; 95% confidence interval -1.12 to -0.50) or borderline (adjusted effect estimate = -0.34; 95% confidence interval -0.61 to -0.08) OTN experienced significant decreases in their OHRQOL than those with no need. An impacted tooth, increased overjet, or crowding had significant negative impacts on children's OHRQOL. Children with an overjet experienced negative impacts on OHRQOL even when orthodontic treatment was not necessary. CONCLUSIONS Progressively greater OTN has increasingly negative impacts on parent's perception of children's OHRQOL. In particular, children presenting with large overjets and impacted teeth have lower OHRQOL. These perspectives add to better patient-clinician communication and understanding of patient expectations around OTN, which may potentially lead to improvements in quality of care from the patient perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda-Mae A M Nguee
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Simon L, Choi SE, Ticku S, Fox K, Barrow J, Palmer N. Association of income inequality with orthodontic treatment use. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:190-196. [PMID: 32130948 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Income inequality has been associated with worse oral health outcomes and reduced dental care use. It is unknown whether income inequality may motivate people to seek orthodontic treatment. METHODS This was a logistic mixed-effects model of deidentified claims from a private insurer in the United States with enrolled members having at least 1 orthodontic visit in the calendar year as the dependent variable. Total number of dental visits, age, and sex were individual-level covariates. Median household income, Gini coefficient, female population proportion, number of practicing dentists and orthodontists, population size, and population density were zip code-level covariates. RESULTS A total of 1,860,709 people had at least 1 orthodontic claim. Adjusting for population demographics, the Gini index was significantly positively associated with orthodontic use for children but not for adults (odds ratio, 1.69 for children; P < .0001). Being female was the strongest predictor of orthodontic use for adults and was a significant predictor of use for children (odds ratio, 1.50 and 1.45, respectively; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The Gini index is associated with orthodontic use in children in a privately insured population. Individual characteristics are more predictive of orthodontic use among privately insured adults. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Demographic and economic traits of communities can affect oral health care use; effects on orthodontic use may be more dramatic than on other forms of oral health care.
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Todor BI, Scrobota I, Todor L, Lucan AI, Vaida LL. Environmental Factors Associated with Malocclusion in Children Population from Mining Areas, Western Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183383. [PMID: 31547435 PMCID: PMC6765924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our study is based on the hypothesis that the prevalence of malocclusions in children is higher in the mining areas from North-Western (NW) Romania than in other geographic areas. We also considered that the distribution of the different types of malocclusions can be correlated with environmental factors. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusions in children from the mining areas in NW Romania. Another purpose was to establish the influence of certain environmental factors such as gender, geographical area of origin, and ethnicity on the distribution of malocclusions in order to provide an epidemiological reference for the planning of preventive and treatment programs adapted to the particularity of the mining areas. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2015-2016. The study batch consisted of 960 children from the mining areas, aged 7-14 years, in the period of mixed dentition and early permanent dentition. The clinical examination was conducted by a single examiner, an orthodontic specialist (TBI), in order to avoid inter-operator bias. Occlusion was registered according to Bjoerk. Occlusal clinical signs were followed for the determination of malocclusions. Most children had malocclusions (93.5%). The percentage of anomalies was significantly higher in subjects from Rosia Montana, in girls, and in the Romanians. Data showed that Angle Class I was the most prevalent malocclusion (60.21%), followed by crowding (47.5%), midline shift (43.33%), and deep bite (28.65%). The independent association between ethnicity and total malocclusions shows that the Romanian subjects presented a 3.31 higher chance of developing malocclusions than the Romani ones. The presence of malocclusions was independently influenced by all the studied environmental factors, namely gender, geographical area, and ethnicity. Our results could be relevant for oral health policy-making, i.e., planning preventive and treatment measures of malocclusions, adapted to the peculiarity of the studied mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ioana Todor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Ioana Scrobota
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Liana Todor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexandra Ioana Lucan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Luminita Ligia Vaida
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dentistry, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
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Sepp H, Saag M, Peltomäki T, Vinkka-Puhakka H, Svedström-Oristo AL. Occlusal traits, orthodontic treatment need and treatment complexity among untreated 17-21-year-olds in Estonia. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:44-48. [PMID: 30084695 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1498126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze data on occlusal traits, orthodontic treatment need and treatment complexity in orthodontically untreated 17-21-year-old Estonians.Materials and methods: Clinical records and plaster casts of 390 untreated young adults (219 females and 171 males, mean age 18.5 years, range 17-21 years) were analyzed. Assessed occlusal traits included first molar and canine sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite and scissor bite. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used to assess orthodontic treatment need and complexity. Participants' opinions regarding their teeth were determined with a questionnaire.Results: The most prevalent occlusal traits were Class I sagittal relationship in canines (76%) and molars (70%), crowding (51%), overbite ≥3.5 mm (48%), the end-to-end sagittal relationship in canines (48%) and overjet ≥3.5 mm (47%). Antero-posterior asymmetry was common both in canines (39%) and molars (37%). According to ICON, 36% of participants had orthodontic treatment need.Conclusions: Desire for orthodontic treatment was associated with crowding and increased overjet, and with no gender difference, participants' main expectation of treatment was an improvement in dentofacial aesthetics. Treatment needs determined with ICON was moderate and in line with the participants' desire for orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hettel Sepp
- Department of Stomatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mare Saag
- Department of Stomatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timo Peltomäki
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Vinkka-Puhakka
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Svedström-Oristo
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zheng B, Muhammed FK, An N, Bai L, Liu F, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Comparison of perceptions on the dental aesthetics of different malocclusions between orthodontists and schoolchildren. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:946-950. [PMID: 30251740 PMCID: PMC6201014 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.9.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare perceptions on dental aesthetics of various malocclusions between schoolchildren and orthodontists with an orthodontic assessment of treatment needs. METHODS The prospective study was conducted between late March-December in 2017. A total of 32 orthodontists practicing in Shenyang, China and 116 schoolchildren (59 boys and 57 girls) aged 10-12 years (average= 11±0.60 years) from a 645 individual representing the population were selected via random sampling from a private primary school. Participants were questioned to assess 6 anterior dental photographs representing a variety degrees of aesthetic impairments, namely, reverse overjet (ROJ), anterior dental diastema and anterior open bite (OB) malocclusions. RESULTS Perceptions on dental aesthetics were identical among genders (p more than 0.05). Compared with the orthodontists, schoolchildren perceived significantly greater aesthetic impairment for severe anterior OB and severe ROJ, mild anterior OB malocclusions (p less than 0.01). Anterior dental diastemas were evaluated based on least aesthetic impairment and with no significant difference in perception between schoolchildren and orthodontists. CONCLUSION Schoolchildren perceived greater aesthetic impairment in severe anterior OB, severe ROJ, and mild anterior OB malocclusions than orthodontists. Median aesthetic components (AC) scores of schoolchildren for severe anterior OB and severe ROJ malocclusions corresponded with the category of "definite need" for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China. E-mail.
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Martin CA, Dieringer BM, McNeil DW. Orthodontic Treatment Completion and Discontinuation in a Rural Sample from North Central Appalachia in the USA. Front Public Health 2017; 5:171. [PMID: 28791281 PMCID: PMC5524769 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontics has inherent demands, requiring regular appointments and active patient engagement, but relatively little is established in regard to rates of completion of treatment and possible factors affecting successful completion. These factors may be particularly important for cultural minority groups, such as those in rural Appalachia, given the environmental, social, and economic complexities affecting access to and utilization of treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS A naturalistic study design was employed, using retrospective data from a rural outpatient general dental office in July 2012. Chart abstraction yielded 219 (55.3% female) orthodontic patients (M age = 11.0 [3.7]). Chi-square tests for independence were conducted for categorical dependent variables. For continuous variables, t-tests were conducted. A logistic multivariate regression analysis was conducted to predict completion/non-completion of treatment, with age, gender, distance traveled, type of malocclusion, and payment type as predictors. RESULTS Overall, 49.8% of this sample successfully completed orthodontic treatment. Greater successful conclusion of treatment was found in self-pay patients (i.e., 74%) versus those whose care was funded through Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program (i.e., 34%) or through private insurance (i.e., 36%). Age, gender, and distance to the office from home had no association relative to successful completion of treatment, although average one-way distance to travel for care was considerable (i.e., 38.8 miles). CONCLUSION Rate of successful orthodontic treatment completion was low in this rural sample. Treatment outcome was related to the form of payment for services, with self-pay associated with the highest rate of successful completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Martin
- Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Breana M Dieringer
- Dental Hygiene Program, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Daniel W McNeil
- Department of Psychology, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Taghavi Bayat J, Huggare J, Mohlin B, Akrami N. Predicting orthodontic treatment need: reliability and validity of the Demand for Orthodontic Treatment Questionnaire. Eur J Orthod 2017; 39:326-333. [PMID: 27605373 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To identify key measures in predicting orthodontic treatment need and to propose a self-assessment instrument that improves treatment need assessment. Subjects and methods The study included 150 randomly selected 13-year-olds. A set of measures linked to a previous study on daily life impact of malocclusion was processed, resulting in an instrument, the Demand for Orthodontic Treatment Questionnaire (DOTQ), which was analysed regarding dimensionality, reliability and validity. Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC) grading, representing professionally assessed treatment need, were collected from dental records. The instrument's ability to predict treatment need was tested by randomly splitting the dataset into two subgroups, using multiple regression to predict DHC in one of the groups and the prediction equation to calculate predicted DHC in the other. The outcomes were then correlated to detect the predictive power of the DOTQ, and thereby the validity of the prediction. Results The DOTQ-measures were reliable and highly inter-correlated. A high, significant correlation was found between assessed and predicted treatment need for the subgroups (r = 0.59 and 0.49), confirming the validity of the prediction. Independent variables (the measures) explained 47 per cent (R = 0.69) of the variance in treatment need. Four measures contributed significantly to the prediction, with Treatment Demand being the most powerful predictor. Limitations The age group and response rate may raise some questions regarding the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions The DOTQ is able to predict treatment need as assessed by orthodontic consultants. Its incorporation in the treatment need assessment process will acknowledge patients' self-perceived impact of malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Taghavi Bayat
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Orthodontics, Huddinge
| | - Jan Huggare
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Orthodontics, Huddinge
| | - Bengt Mohlin
- Institute of Odontology, Department of Orthodontics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Nazar Akrami
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Oral health-related quality of life after orthodontic treatment for anterior tooth alignment: Association with emotional state and sociodemographic factors. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 77:138-45. [PMID: 26923272 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to evaluate associations of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with sociodemographic factors and with emotional state in adults after orthodontic treatment for anterior tooth alignment. Few studies have examined these specific associations in the past, one reason presumably being a lack of specific instruments. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 128 adult patients consecutively treated with multibracket appliances were contacted during the retention period. The response rate was 68 %. They were asked to complete both an emotional well-being test (Zerssen Mood Scale, Bf-S) and a 52-item orthodontic survey of OHRQoL, which we had developed based on the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G14). RESULTS The study demonstrated a high association of self-perceived apperance with OHRQoL and a strong role of the teeth and mouth. Aside from a few exceptions, the patients' responses in the survey did not reveal any significant gender-specific or age-specific differences. By contrast, patients in lower-than-normal spirits were found to also respond with significantly less favorable ratings to the survey items dealing with self-perceived overall attractiveness, facial attractivenss, and course of treatment. CONCLUSION Dental appearance has a psychosocial impact on private and job-related interactions, which can increase the motivation of those affected to seek treament. Our orthodontic OHRQoL survey proved to be informative and practical. Findings that were especially striking included the patients' high acceptance of the changes induced by treatment and their high willingness to recommend such treatment to other adults.
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Twigge E, Roberts RM, Jamieson L, Dreyer CW, Sampson WJ. The psycho-social impact of malocclusions and treatment expectations of adolescent orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:593-601. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Almeida ABD, Leite ICG, Melgaço CA, Marques LS. Dissatisfaction with dentofacial appearance and the normative need for orthodontic treatment: determinant factors. Dental Press J Orthod 2015; 19:120-6. [PMID: 25162576 PMCID: PMC4296625 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.3.120-126.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims at assessing the normative need for orthodontic treatment and the
factors that determine the subjective impact of malocclusion on 12-year-old
Brazilian school children. Methods A total of 451 subjects (215 males and 236 females) were randomly selected from
private and public schools of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The collected data included
sociodemographic information and occlusal conditions. The esthetic subjective
impact of malocclusion was assessed by means of the Orthodontic Aesthetic
Subjective Impact Score - OASIS, whereas the malocclusion and the need for
orthodontic treatment were assessed by means of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)
and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC). Results Prevalence of normative need for orthodontic treatment was 65.6% (n = 155), and
prevalence of orthodontic esthetic subjective impact was 14.9%. The following
variables showed significant association with esthetic subjective impact of
malocclusion: female (p = 0.042; OR = 0.5; CI = 0.2-0.9), public school student (p
= 0.002; OR = 6.8; CI = 1.9-23.8), maxillary overjet ≥ 4 mm (p = 0.037; OR = 1.7;
CI = 1-3) and gingival smile ≥ 4 mm (p = 0.008; OR = 3.4; CI = 1.3-8.8). Conclusion The normative need for orthodontic treatment overestimated the perceived need.
Occlusal and sociocultural factors influenced the dissatisfaction of
schoolchildren with their dentofacial appearance.
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Freitas CVD, Souza JGS, Mendes DC, Pordeus IA, Jones KM, Martins AMEDBL. [Need for orthodontic treatment among Brazilian adolescents: evaluation based on public health]. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2015; 33:204-10. [PMID: 25769190 PMCID: PMC4516375 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and the severity of malocclusions and to analyze factors associated with the need for orthodontic treatment of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional study was carried out based on secondary data from the national epidemiological survey on oral health in Brazil (2002-2003). Socio-demographic conditions, self-perception, and the existence and degree of malocclusion, using the Dental Aesthetic Index, were evaluated in 16,833 adolescent Brazilians selected by probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The dependent variable - need orthodontic treatment - was estimated from the severity of malocclusion. The magnitude and direction of the association in bivariate and multivariate analyzes from a Robust Poisson regression was estimated. RESULTS The majority of the adolescents needed orthodontic treatment (53.2%). In the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment was larger among females, non-whites, those that perceived a need for treatment, and those that perceived their appearance as normal, bad, or very bad. The need for orthodontic treatment was smaller among those that lived in the Northeast and Central West macro-regions compared to those living in Southeast Brazil and it was also smaller among those that perceived their chewing to be normal or their oral health to be bad or very bad. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment need among adolescents in Brazil and this need was associated with demographic and subjective issues. The high prevalence of orthodontic needs in adolescents is a challenge to the goals of Brazil's universal public health system.
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Feldens CA, Nakamura EK, Tessarollo FR, Closs LQ. Desire for orthodontic treatment and associated factors among adolescents in southern Brazil. Angle Orthod 2015; 85:224-32. [DOI: 10.2319/021014-105.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Feldens
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kenji Nakamura
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rafael Tessarollo
- Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Instituto de Odontologia das Américas, Balneário Camboriú, Brazil
| | - Luciane Quadrado Closs
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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Ren Y, Jongsma MA, Mei L, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and biofilm formation—a potential public health threat? Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1711-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kumar S, Kroon J, Lalloo R. A systematic review of the impact of parental socio-economic status and home environment characteristics on children's oral health related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2014; 12:41. [PMID: 24650192 PMCID: PMC4000002 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood circumstances such as socio-economic status and family structure have been found to influence psychological, psychosocial attributes and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the published literature to assess the influence of parental Socio-Economic Status (SES) and home environment on children's OHRQoL. A systematic search was conducted in August 2013 using PubMed, Medline via OVID, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Studies that have analysed the effect of parental characteristics (SES, family environment, family structure, number of siblings, household crowding, parents' age, and parents' oral health literacy) on children's OHRQoL were included. Quality assessment of the articles was done by the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative studies. Database search retrieved a total of 2,849 titles after removing the duplicates, 36 articles were found to be relevant. Most of the studies were conducted on Brazilian children and were published in recent two years. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale and Children's Perception Questionnaire were the instruments of choice in preschool and school aged children respectively. Findings from majority of the studies suggest that the children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL. Mothers' age, family structure, household crowding and presence of siblings were significant predictors of children's OHRQoL. However, definitive conclusions from the studies reviewed are not possible due to the differences in the study population, parental characteristics considered, methods used and statistical tests performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar
- Population & Social Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jeroen Kroon
- Population & Social Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ratilal Lalloo
- Population & Social Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast, Australia
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Badran SA, Sabrah AH, Hadidi SA, Al-Khateeb S. Effect of socioeconomic status on normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need. Angle Orthod 2013; 84:588-93. [PMID: 24328913 DOI: 10.2319/062913-482.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on normative and perceived orthodontic treatment need, satisfaction with dental appearance, and regularity of dental attendance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 550 adolescents (232 boys, 318 girls) aged 13 to 17 years who were categorized according to SES into three groups: low, middle, and high SES. Normative treatment need was assessed by using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Data were collected by clinical examination and face-to-face interview. The χ(2) test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Approximately 34.0% of the untreated subjects had a definite dental need for treatment and 24.5% had a moderate need; among those, 53.5% were of low SES (P = .017). One-third of the sample had a moderate to definite esthetic need, most of whom had a low SES (P = .009). Of the subjects who were dissatisfied with their dental appearance and reported a self-perceived need for treatment, around one-third had a low SES. Most subjects with low SES were irregular dental attenders (P < .001). Subjects of low SES, those who had a self-perceived need for treatment, and those who were dissatisfied with their dental appearance were more likely to have a definite normative esthetic need. CONCLUSIONS Subjects of low SES exhibited greater normative and perceived treatment needs than subjects of higher SES. They were less satisfied with their dental appearance and visited a dentist less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serene A Badran
- a Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Taghavi Bayat J, Hallberg U, Lindblad F, Huggare J, Mohlin B. Daily life impact of malocclusion in Swedish adolescents: a grounded theory study. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:792-8. [PMID: 23078511 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how malocclusions affect daily life in adolescents and how adolescents cope with malocclusion-related distress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve strategically selected teenagers, seven girls and five boys aged 13-14 years, participated in this study. Open, tape-recorded in-depth interviews based on Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were performed using a theme guide and analyzed according to the qualitative method of classic grounded theory (GT). RESULTS A core category was identified and named 'Repeatedly reminded of the malocclusion'. Associated to the core category, five categories were generated and labeled 'Being directed by the media's ideal image', 'Monitoring others' teeth', 'Struggling with low self-esteem', 'Hiding one's teeth' and 'Striving for cure'. Low self-esteem appeared to be frequently reinforced through the concerns for the malocclusion and handled via different coping strategies, such as hiding the teeth and striving to receive orthodontic treatment. Such processes were further enforced through the influence of media. Low self-esteem could be associated to a visible malposition of teeth, according to the informants. Having to wait for orthodontic treatment was frustrating the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with malocclusion are often reminded of their condition, which can lead to avoiding strategies to minimize the negative feelings associated with the teeth and low self-esteem. Clinicians may therefore need to be aware of potential irrational behaviors when interacting with adolescents with malocclusions. The findings also suggest that there might be a discrepancy of attitudes between professionals focusing on oral health aspects of malocclusions and the adolescents focusing on esthetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Taghavi Bayat
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Orthodontics, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Inglehart MR. Interactions between patients and dental care providers: does gender matter? Dent Clin North Am 2013; 57:357-70. [PMID: 23570810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Research findings concerning the role of gender in patient-physician interactions can inform considerations about the role of gender in patient-dental care provider interactions. Medical research showed that gender differences in verbal and nonverbal communication in medical settings exist and that they affect the outcomes of these interactions. The process of communication is shaped by gender identities, gender stereotypes, and attitudes. Future research needs to consider the cultural complexity and diversity in which gender issues are embedded and the degree to which ongoing value change will shape gender roles and in turn interactions between dental patients and their providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita R Inglehart
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan-School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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Shenkin JD. Pulpectomy of Necrotic Primary Teeth may be an Effective Tool in Managing the Primary Dentition. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2012; 12:39-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Paula JS, Leite IC, Almeida AB, Ambrosano GM, Pereira AC, Mialhe FL. The influence of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and home environment factors on schoolchildren's self-perception of quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2012; 10:6. [PMID: 22244092 PMCID: PMC3285522 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective this study was to investigate the influence of clinical conditions, socioeconomic status, home environment, subjective perceptions of parents and schoolchildren about general and oral health on schoolchildren's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods A sample of 515 schoolchildren, aged 12 years was randomly selected by conglomerate analysis from public and private schools in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The schoolchildren were clinically examined for presence of caries lesions (DMFT and dmft index), dental trauma, enamel defects, periodontal status (presence/absence of bleeding), dental treatment and orthodontic treatment needs (DAI). The SiC index was calculated. The participants were asked to complete the Brazilian version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) and a questionnaire about home environment. Questions were asked about the presence of general diseases and children's self-perception of their general and oral health status. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to their parents inquiring about their socioeconomic status (family income, parents' education level, home ownership) and perceptions about the general and oral health of their school-aged children. The chi-square test was used for comparisons between proportions. Poisson's regression was used for multivariate analysis with adjustment for variances. Results Univariate analysis revealed that school type, monthly family income, mother's education, family structure, number of siblings, use of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs in the family, parents' perception of oral health of schoolchildren, schoolchildren's self perception their general and oral health, orthodontic treatment needs were significantly associated with poor OHRQoL (p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, variables were included in a Multivariate Poisson regression. It was found that the variables children's self perception of their oral health status, monthly family income, gender, orthodontic treatment need, mother's education, number of siblings, and household overcrowding showed a strong negative effect on oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions It was concluded that the clinical, socioeconomic and home environment factors evaluated exerted a negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life of schoolchildren, demonstrating the importance of health managers addressing all these factors when planning oral health promotion interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S Paula
- Department of Community Dentistry, Division of Health Education and Health Promotion, Piracicaba Dental School, P,O, BOX 52, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Marques LS, Chaves KC, Ramos-Jorge ML, Pereira LJ. Extraction of four premolars in Black patients with bi-protrusion: aesthetic perceptions of professionals and lay people. J Orthod 2011; 38:107-12. [PMID: 21677102 DOI: 10.1179/14653121141335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the aesthetic perceptions and expectations regarding the results of orthodontic treatment for alterations in the profile of Black patients with bi-protrusion through the extraction of four premolars and maximal anchorage. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Offices of plastic surgeons and orthodontists in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 152 individuals participated in the study and were divided into four groups: Group 1, 38 orthodontists; Group 2, 38 plastic surgeons; Group 3, 38 White laypersons; and Group 4, 38 Black laypersons. The patient sample was composed of six Black individuals (three males and three females) with varying degrees of bi-protrusion. Each participant was shown altered photographs of the profile of the final result of treatment, simulating three different bi-protrusion reduction options (2, 4 and 6 mm), which were united with the original initial and final photographs. OUTCOMES Aesthetic preferences and expectations regarding the true result of treatment. DATA ANALYSIS The chi-square test for linear trend with Bonferroni correction (á=P<0·008). RESULTS The aesthetic preference for the majority of participants was for a straighter profile than those provided by the orthodontic treatment. Moreover, the actual profile resulting from the orthodontic treatment was correctly identified by just 22% of the Black laypersons, 22% of the White laypersons, 21% of the orthodontists and 17% of the plastic surgeons. There were significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the view that society perceives straight profiles as aesthetically more pleasing in comparison to protruding or slightly protruding profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Silva Marques
- University of Vale do Rio Verde, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 222 Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100000, Brazil.
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Hamdan AM, Singh V, Rock W. Perceptions of dental aesthetics of Class III and anterior open bite malocclusions: a comparison between 10- to 11-year-old schoolchildren and orthodontists. Angle Orthod 2011; 82:202-8. [PMID: 21861762 DOI: 10.2319/053111-359.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare perceptions of dental aesthetics of Class III and anterior open bite (AOB) malocclusions between 10- to 11-year-old Birmingham schoolchildren and orthodontists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one orthodontists practicing in Birmingham (UK) and 383 school children aged 10-11 years from a random and representative sample of seven primary schools in South Birmingham participated in the study. Participants were asked to assess five anterior photographs of the dentition representing varying degrees of aesthetic impairment of Class III and AOB malocclusions. Perceptions of dental aesthetics were determined using the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). RESULTS Perceptions of dental aesthetics were similar among males and females (P > .05). Both groups allocated the highest median AC score to the photo representing severe Class III malocclusion and the lowest to the photo representing mild Class III and AOB malocclusion. Differences in perceived dental aesthetics were significant for photos representing severe Class III and moderate AOB malocclusions, with orthodontists perceiving greater aesthetic impairment for severe Class III and schoolchildren for moderate AOB, respectively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren and orthodontists perceived Class III malocclusions to have greater aesthetic impairment compared to AOB malocclusions. Surprisingly, none of the median AC scores allocated to the five photos were in the "Definite need" for treatment category. The IOTN may not be sensitive to these types of malocclusions. This finding merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad Hamdan
- Departments of Orthodontics & Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Shah ND, Arruda A, Inglehart MR. Pediatric patients' orthodontic treatment need, quality of life, and smiling patterns -- an analysis of patient, parent, and provider responses. J Public Health Dent 2010; 71:62-70. [PMID: 21070243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2010.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study is to explore the relationship between pediatric patients' orthodontic treatment need, the patients' assessments of their smile-related quality of life (QoL), their parents' proxy assessment of their child's QoL and own assessments of their child's smile, and the patients' objectively assessed smiling patterns. METHODS Survey data were collected from 102 patients (53 boys/49 girls; age range: 9-13 years) and their parents. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed with the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON). Smiling patterns were determined by videotaping patients' smiles while they watched a cartoon. Thirty predetermined sections of these tapes were then assessed by two independent raters to measure the patients' smiling patterns. RESULTS The aesthetic component and total ICON scores correlated with the patients' smile-related QoL (r = 0.25; P = 0.014/r = 0.23; P = 0.024), parental proxy assessments of the child's smile-related QoL (r = 0.29; P= 0.004/r = 0.26; P= 0.009), the parents' own assessments of their child's smile (r= 0.32; P= 0.002/ r = 0.29; P = 0.005), and the number of negative adjectives chosen by the parents to describe their child's smile (r= 0.32; P = 0.002/r = 0.30; P = 0.004). Although the smiling patterns were correlated with the patients' smile-related QoL responses (height of smile: r = 0.29; P = 0.005/number of teeth shown: r = 0.30; P = 0.004), the ICON scores were not correlated with the patients' smiling patterns. CONCLUSIONS Objectively assessed orthodontic treatment need correlates with the patients' and parents' assessments of the child's smile-related QoL scores. However, while objective smiling patterns are related with the patients' smile-related QoL, they are not correlated with the patients' orthodontic treatment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha D Shah
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Anderson LE, Arruda A, Inglehart MR. Adolescent Patients' Treatment Motivation and Satisfaction with Orthodontic Treatment. Angle Orthod 2009; 79:821-7. [PMID: 19705953 DOI: 10.2319/120708-613.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether adolescents' satisfaction with orthodontic treatment outcomes is correlated with the degree to which (1) the adolescents focused on and (2) were energized by imagining their posttreatment possible selves before the treatment, and whether parents' assessments of their children's pretreatment motivation would correlate with their children's posttreatment satisfaction.
Methods: Data were collected from 75 former adolescent orthodontic patients (28 male, 47 female; 60 European American, 14 other) and from 72 parents (59 female, 12 male, 1 missing) with mailed questionnaires. Satisfaction with the treatment outcome was assessed with a revised version of Kiyak's Post-Surgical Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire.
Results: The more the patients had focused on the posttreatment esthetics and functioning and the more they were energized by thinking about their posttreatment possible selves before the treatment, the more satisfied they were with the outcomes (r = .337, P = .004; r = .231, P = .053; r = .465, P < .001). The more the parents believed that their children were energized by thinking about posttreatment possible selves, the more satisfied the parents were with the outcomes (r = .326, P = .007).
Conclusions: Increasing adolescents' possible self considerations before orthodontic treatment is likely to increase their own and their parents' posttreatment satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Anderson
- a Undergraduate student, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Airton Arruda
- b Instructor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Marita Rohr Inglehart
- c Associate Professor of Dentistry and Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
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