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Navara KJ, Mendonça MT, Gardner S. Dietary yolk supplements and rate of yolk deposition do not influence sex ratios in Japanese Quail. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:749-754. [PMID: 37366001 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Birds appear to have the ability to bias offspring sex ratios in response to environmental and social conditions. The mechanisms responsible remain unknown, however one previous study indicated a link between rates of ovarian follicle growth and the sexes of resulting eggs. This could indicate that either follicles destined to retain male or female follicles grow at different rates, or the rate of ovarian follicle growth determines the sex chromosome that will be retained to influence the sex of the resulting offspring. We tested for evidence of both possibilities by staining yolk rings that are indicative of daily growth. First, we tested for a correlation between the number of yolk rings and the sexes of the resulting germinal discs collected from each egg, and second, we tested whether experimentally decreasing follicle growth rates with a dietary yolk supplement impacts the sexes of the resulting germinal discs. There was no significant correlation between the number of yolk rings and the sexes of the resulting embryos, and decreasing follicle growth rates did not impact sexes of resulting germinal discs. These results indicate that offspring sex is not related to the rate of ovarian follicle growth in quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Navara
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary T Mendonça
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Xiang XL, Wang YL, Yu ZH, Ma MH, Zhu ZH, Jin YG. Non-destructive characterization of egg odor and fertilization status by SPME/GC-MS coupled with electronic nose. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3264-3275. [PMID: 30549050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early and non-destructive identification of fertile (F) eggs is a difficult task in the process of breeding laying hens. The odors emitted from unfertilized (UF), infertile (IF), and fertile (F) eggs were characterized by solid-phase microextraction / gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) to determine their differences by principal component, partial least squares, and canonical discriminant analyses. RESULTS A total of 14 volatiles were identified in unhatched shell white Leghorn eggs, such as nonanal, decanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one. Cedrene and decanal contributed greatly to the classification of UF and fertilized (Fd)/IF eggs; cedrene, decanal, 1-octanol and hexanal contributed greatly to the distinction between UF and IF eggs; heptanal might be the potential marker to determine F/IF eggs. P40/1, P10/2, P10/1, TA/2, T40/2 and T30/1, P30/1, P40/2, PA/2, T40/2 mostly contributed to the distinction between UF and Fd eggs and between F and IF eggs, respectively. Canonical discriminant analysis presented superior differentiating efficiency for almost all groups, and the odor differences between UF and Fd eggs were significantly larger than the differences between F and IF eggs. CONCLUSION Solid-phase microextraction / gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer combined with E-nose may have the potential to non-destructively distinguish UF, F, and IF eggs, which will provide a new perspective to understand the differences among them. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-le Xiang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mei-Hu Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yon-Guo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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Kato T, Matsui S, Terai Y, Tanabe H, Hashima S, Kasahara S, Morimoto G, Mikami OK, Ueda K, Kutsukake N. Male-specific mortality biases secondary sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10675-10682. [PMID: 29299247 PMCID: PMC5743541 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex allocation theory predicts that parents bias the offspring sex ratio strategically. In avian species, the offspring sex ratio can be biased at multiple growth stages, although the mechanisms are not well known. It is crucial to reveal a cause and timing of biased offspring sex ratio. We investigated (i) offspring sex ratio at multiple growth stages, from laying to fledging; and (ii) the stage at which offspring sex ratio became biased; and (iii) the cause of biased offspring sex ratio in Eurasian tree sparrows Passer montanus. Sex determination of 218 offspring, including hatchlings and unhatched eggs from 41 clutches, suggested that the offspring sex ratio was not biased at the egg‐laying stage but was significantly female‐biased after the laying stage due to higher mortality of male embryos. Half of the unhatched eggs showed no sign of embryo development (37/74, 50.00%), and most undeveloped eggs were male (36/37, 97.30%). Additional experiments using an incubator suggested that the cause of embryo developmental failure was a lack of developmental ability within the egg, rather than a failure of incubation. This study highlights the importance of clarifying offspring sex ratio at multiple stages and suggests that offspring sex ratio is adjusted after fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kato
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems School of Advanced Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama Japan
| | - Shin Matsui
- Department of Biology School of Biological Sciences Tokai Univerrsity Sapporo Japan
| | - Yohey Terai
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems School of Advanced Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanabe
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems School of Advanced Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama Japan
| | - Sayaka Hashima
- Department of Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Akita University Akita Japan
| | - Satoe Kasahara
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan
| | - Gen Morimoto
- Division of Avian Conservation Yamashina Institute for Ornithology Abiko City Japan.,Wildlife Conservation Center Department of Life Sciences Toho University Chiba Japan
| | - Osamu K Mikami
- Department of International and Regional Studies Faculty of Education Hokkaido University of Education Hakodate Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems School of Advanced Sciences SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Hayama Japan
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Li Q, Li W, Li X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Chen X, Xu G, Zheng J. The Distribution Characteristics and Applications for Maternal Cells on Chicken Egg Vitelline Membrane. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6626. [PMID: 28747770 PMCID: PMC5529465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The major components of vitelline membrane (VM) are ovomucin, VM outer (VMO) I and VMO II. At present, the distribution pattern of maternal cells on the VM has not been described in detail. In this study, the existence and distribution characteristics of maternal cells on VM were observed. There were more than 3.2 × 105 somatic cells on VM, which were uneven distributed. The calcein AM/PI staining of the maternal cells on the VM showed that the cells' viability changed with the freshness of the eggs, and that the maternal cells gradually underwent apoptosis and became degraded. The results of morphology of different tissues indicated that the most of maternal cells on the VM were granulosa cells. Moreover, the karyotype of the cultured granulosa cells, which is the main source of cells on VM, were identified as the normal diploid karyotype of chicken. Furthermore, the VM DNA extracted from chickens and quails, which represent the eggs of different size, was adequate for further genetic analysis. The VM DNA was easily accessible and relatively constant, without cross-contamination. Therefore, the VM DNA could potentially be applied for the molecular traceability between eggs and chickens, and be beneficial in avian ecology research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingzheng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Centeno-Cuadros A, Abbasi I, Nathan R. Sex determination in the wild: a field application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification successfully determines sex across three raptor species. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:153-160. [PMID: 27235333 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PCR-based methods are the most common technique for sex determination of birds. Although these methods are fast, easy and accurate, they still require special facilities that preclude their application outdoors. Consequently, there is a time lag between sampling and obtaining results that impedes researchers to take decisions in situ and in real time considering individuals' sex. We present an outdoor technique for sex determination of birds based on the amplification of the duplicated sex-chromosome-specific gene Chromo-Helicase-DNA binding protein using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). We tested our method on Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) and Black Kite (Milvus migrans) (family Accipitridae). We introduce the first fieldwork procedure for sex determination of animals in the wild, successfully applied to raptor species of three different subfamilies using the same specific LAMP primers. This molecular technique can be deployed directly in sampling areas because it only needs a voltage inverter to adapt a thermo-block to a car lighter and results can be obtained by the unaided eye based on colour change within the reaction tubes. Primers and reagents are prepared in advance to facilitate their storage at room temperature. We provide detailed guidelines how to implement this procedure, which is simpler (no electrophoresis required), cheaper and faster (results in c. 90 min) than PCR-based laboratory methods. Our successful cross-species application across three different raptor subfamilies posits our set of markers as a promising tool for molecular sexing of other raptor families and our field protocol extensible to all bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Centeno-Cuadros
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio, s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - I Abbasi
- Kuvin Center, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Aslam MA, Schokker D, Groothuis TG, de Wit AA, Smits MA, Woelders H. Association of Egg Mass and Egg Sex: Gene Expression Analysis from Maternal RNA in the Germinal Disc Region of Layer Hens (Gallus gallus)1. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:157. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Aslam MA, Groothuis TG, Smits MA, Woelders H. Effect of Corticosterone and Hen Body Mass on Primary Sex Ratio in Laying Hen (Gallus gallus), Using Unincubated Eggs1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:76. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Aslam MA, Hulst M, Hoving-Bolink RAH, Smits MA, de Vries B, Weites I, Groothuis TGG, Woelders H. Yolk concentrations of hormones and glucose and egg weight and egg dimensions in unincubated chicken eggs, in relation to egg sex and hen body weight. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 187:15-22. [PMID: 23510857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Birds can manipulate offspring sex ratio under natural and experimental conditions and maternal hormones have been shown to be involved in this process. Studies also provided evidence for the presence of sex specific concentrations of yolk hormones in avian eggs. These findings led to the suggestion that yolk hormones could influence genetic sex determination in birds. However, in previous studies, yolk hormone concentrations and egg sex were studied in incubated eggs, although incubation of the eggs and embryonic development can alter yolk hormone concentrations and measured sex ratio. This study is the first to determine a wide array of egg components and hen body weight in relation to the sex of the egg in unincubated eggs. Egg parameters studied were yolk concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione, progesterone, dihydrotestosterone, and glucose, and egg weight and dimensions. In addition, we studied the associations among all measured parameters. Associations were found between a number of yolk hormones (progesterone associated with testosterone, estradiol and androstenedione; androstenedione with testosterone; dihydrotestosterone with estradiol and androstenedione) as well as between yolk testosterone and egg length and egg weight. There were no significant overall differences between male and female chicken eggs in any of the measured egg parameters. However, there were a few interactions such as the interaction of egg sex with dihydrotestosterone and with hen body weight which predicted estradiol levels and an interaction of estradiol levels with egg width for predicting sex of egg. Their biological relevance need, however, further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aamir Aslam
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Goerlich-Jansson VC, Muller MS, Groothuis TGG. Manipulation of Primary Sex Ratio in Birds: Lessons from the Homing Pigeon (Columba livia domestica). Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:902-12. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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