1
|
Lodwick JE, Shen R, Erramilli S, Xie Y, Roganowicz K, Kossiakoff AA, Zhao M. Structural Insights into the Roles of PARP4 and NAD + in the Human Vault Cage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601040. [PMID: 38979142 PMCID: PMC11230398 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Vault is a massive ribonucleoprotein complex found across Eukaryota. The major vault protein (MVP) oligomerizes into an ovular cage, which contains several minor vault components (MVCs) and is thought to transport transiently bound "cargo" molecules. Vertebrate vaults house a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (known as PARP4 in humans), which is the only MVC with known enzymatic activity. Despite being discovered decades ago, the molecular basis for PARP4's interaction with MVP remains unclear. In this study, we determined the structure of the human vault cage in complex with PARP4 and its enzymatic substrate NAD + . The structures reveal atomic-level details of the protein-binding interface, as well as unexpected NAD + -binding pockets within the interior of the vault cage. In addition, proteomics data show that human vaults purified from wild-type and PARP4-depleted cells interact with distinct subsets of proteins. Our results thereby support a model in which PARP4's specific incorporation into the vault cage helps to regulate vault's selection of cargo and its subcellular localization. Further, PARP4's proximity to MVP's NAD + -binding sites could support its enzymatic function within the vault.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bertrand JU, Petit V, Aktary Z, de la Grange P, Elkoshi N, Sohier P, Delmas V, Levy C, Larue L. Loss of Dicer in Newborn Melanocytes Leads to Premature Hair Graying and Changes in Integrin Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:601-611. [PMID: 37739336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature hair graying occurs owing to the depletion of melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle, which can be accelerated by stress caused by genetic or environmental factors. However, the connection between stress and melanocyte stem cell loss is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are molecules that control gene expression by regulating mRNA stability and translation and are produced by the enzyme Dicer, which is repressed under stress. In this study, using 2 mouse genetic models and human and mouse cell lines, we found that the inactivation of Dicer in melanocytes leads to misplacement of these cells within the hair follicle, resulting in a lack of melanin transfer to keratinocytes in the growing hair and the exhaustion of the melanocyte stem cell pool. We also show that miR-92b, which regulates ItgaV mRNA and protein levels, plays a role in altering melanocyte migration. Overall, our findings suggest that the Dicer-miR92b-ItgaV pathway serves as a major signaling pathway linking stress to premature hair greying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette U Bertrand
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Zackie Aktary
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Nadav Elkoshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Pierre Sohier
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lionel Larue
- INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3347, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Tang X, Gu J, Sun Z, Yang S, Mu Y, Guan M, Chen K, Liu W, Ruan H, Xu J. CEACAM6 serves as a biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4521-4529. [PMID: 36082960 PMCID: PMC9972070 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is challenging. In our previous study, CEACAM6 mRNA was found to be highly expressed in the circulating tumor cells of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LM (LUAD-LM). The aim of this study was to identify whether CEACAM6 could be used as a biomarker for LUAD-LM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of CEACAM6 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in CSF from 40 LUAD-LM and 44 normal controls, and additional serum samples from 138 LUAD patients, including 12 LUAD-LM patients, and 30 healthy controls. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in the CSF and sera were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance for LUAD-LM. RESULTS CSF CEACAM6 level was higher in LUAD-LM than that in normal controls. In serum, LUAD patients had a higher level of CAECAM6 than healthy controls, and LM patients had the highest level among them. Serum CEACAM6 had a higher AUC than CEA in differentiating LM from non-LM in LUAD patients (0.95 vs. 0.64, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION CEACAM6 may serve as a potential biomarker in diagnosing LUAD-LM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengrui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Internet of Things Engineering, Wuxi University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cell Junction and Vesicle Trafficking-Mediated Melanosome/Melanin Transfer Are Involved in the Dynamic Transformation of Goldfish Carassius auratus Skin Color. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012214. [PMID: 36293071 PMCID: PMC9603685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldfish are one of the most popular models for studying the genetic diversity of skin color. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and whole genome bisulfate sequencing (WGBS) of skin tissues from the third filial (F3) cyan (CN), black (BK), and white (WH) goldfish were conducted to analyze the molecular mechanism of color transformation in fish. The RNA-seq yielded 56 Gb of clean data and 56,627 transcripts from nine skin samples. The DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were enriched in cell junction cellular components and the tight junction pathway. Ninety-five homologs of the claudin family were predicted and 16 claudins were identified in correlation with skin color transformation. WGBS yielded 1079 Gb of clean data from 15 samples. Both the DEGs and the DMRs (differentially methylated regions) in the BK_CN group were found to be enriched in cytoskeleton reorganization and vesicle trafficking. Masson staining and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) confirmed the varied distribution and processes of melanosome/melanin in skin tissues. Our results suggested that cytoskeleton reorganization, cell junction, and the vesicle trafficking system played key roles in the transfer of the melanosome/melanin, and it was the extracellular translocation rather than the biosynthesis or metabolism of the melanin process that resulted in the color transformation of cyan goldfish. The data will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic skin color transformation in goldfish.
Collapse
|
5
|
Smooth Muscle Myosin Localizes at the Leading Edge and Regulates the Redistribution of Actin-regulatory Proteins during Migration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152334. [PMID: 35954178 PMCID: PMC9367404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle cell migration plays an essential role in airway development, repair, and remodeling. Smooth muscle myosin II has been traditionally thought to localize in the cytoplasm solely and regulates cell migration by affecting stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly. In this study, we unexpectedly found that 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) and myosin-11 (MYH11), important components of smooth muscle myosin, were present at the edge of lamellipodia. The knockdown of MLC20 or MYH11 attenuated the recruitment of c-Abl, cortactinProfilin-1 (Pfn-1), and Abi1 to the cell edge. Moreover, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) colocalized with integrin β1 at the tip of protrusion. The inhibition of MLCK attenuated the recruitment of c-Abl, cortactin, Pfn-1, and Abi1 to the cell edge. Furthermore, MLCK localization at the leading edge was reduced by integrin β1 knockdown. Taken together, our results demonstrate that smooth muscle myosin localizes at the leading edge and orchestrates the recruitment of actin-regulatory proteins to the tip of lamellipodia. Mechanistically, integrin β1 recruits MLCK to the leading edge, which catalyzes MLC20 phosphorylation. Activated myosin regulates the recruitment of actin-regulatory proteins to the leading edge, and promotes lamellipodial formation and migration.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhao B. ADAR1-Mediated RNA Editing and Its Role in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956649. [PMID: 35898396 PMCID: PMC9309331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the stability of RNA, the interaction between RNA and protein, and the correct translation of protein are significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor. Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is an RNA editing enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), which is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals and its dysregulation results in aberrant editing of its substrates that may affect the phenotypic changes in cancer. This overediting phenomenon occurs in many cancers, such as liver, lung, breast, and esophageal cancers, and promotes tumor progression in most cases. In addition to its editing role, ADAR1 can also play an editing-independent role, although current research on this mechanism is relatively shallowly explored in tumors. In this review, we summarize the nature of ADAR1, mechanisms of ADAR1 editing-dependent and editing-independent and implications for tumorigenesis and prognosis, and pay special attention to effects of ADAR1 on cancers by regulating non-coding RNA formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yindan Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingfeng Liu, ; Bixing Zhao,
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingfeng Liu, ; Bixing Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Wang W, Zhou H, Su L, Han X, Zhang X, Han W, Wang Y, Xue X. ANXA1: An Important Independent Prognostic Factor and Molecular Target in Glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:851505. [PMID: 35711921 PMCID: PMC9193966 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.851505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The expression, prognosis, and related mechanisms of ANXA1 are investigated in glioma, with the objective to find potential therapeutic molecular targets for glioma. Methods: We analyzed the gene expression of ANXA1 using glioma-related databases, including the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Moreover, we collected the sample tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues of 23 glioma patients and then conducted a Western blot experiment to verify the expression and correlate survival of ANXA1. Moreover, we generated survival ROC curves, performing univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and the construction of the nomogram. Differential expression analysis was conducted by high and low grouping based on the median of the ANXA1 gene expression values. We conducted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to explore possible mechanisms, and gene co-expression analysis was also performed. Results: The results showed that the ANXA1 expression level was higher in gliomas than in normal tissues, and a high expression level of ANXA1 in gliomas was associated with poorer prognosis. The independent prognosis analysis showed that the ANXA1 gene was an independent prognostic factor of glioma. In the analysis of KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), it is shown that ANXA1 may play an important role in glioma patients by affecting extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and the focal adhesion signal pathway. The core genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1, ITGA1, and ITGB1, were screened for gene correlation and prognosis analysis. The expression level of the five genes was verified by qPCR in glioma. We concluded that these five core genes and ANXA1 could play a synergistic role in gliomas. Conclusion: The results indicated that a high expression level of ANXA1 leads to worse prognosis and ANXA1 is an independent prognostic factor and a potentially important target for the treatment of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuetao Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kratochwil CF, Kautt AF, Nater A, Härer A, Liang Y, Henning F, Meyer A. An intronic transposon insertion associates with a trans-species color polymorphism in Midas cichlid fishes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:296. [PMID: 35027541 PMCID: PMC8758764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms have fascinated biologists for a long time, but their genetic underpinnings often remain elusive. Here, we aim to uncover the genetic basis of the gold/dark polymorphism that is eponymous of Midas cichlid fish (Amphilophus spp.) adaptive radiations in Nicaraguan crater lakes. While most Midas cichlids are of the melanic "dark morph", about 10% of individuals lose their melanic pigmentation during their ontogeny and transition into a conspicuous "gold morph". Using a new haplotype-resolved long-read assembly we discover an 8.2 kb, transposon-derived inverted repeat in an intron of an undescribed gene, which we term goldentouch in reference to the Greek myth of King Midas. The gene goldentouch is differentially expressed between morphs, presumably due to structural implications of inverted repeats in both DNA and/or RNA (cruciform and hairpin formation). The near-perfect association of the insertion with the phenotype across independent populations suggests that it likely underlies this trans-specific, stable polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudius F Kratochwil
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Andreas F Kautt
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Nater
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Härer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior & Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yipeng Liang
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Frederico Henning
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nurzat Y, Su W, Min P, Li K, Xu H, Zhang Y. Identification of Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers Among Integrin Subunits in the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:751875. [PMID: 34660316 PMCID: PMC8514842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of different integrin alpha/beta (ITGA/ITGB) subunits in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and their underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, TIMER, TRRUST, and Webgestalt analysis tools were used. The expression levels of ITGA3, ITGA4, ITGA6, ITGA10, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB4, and ITGB7 were significantly increased in SKCM tissues. The expression levels of ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGA8, ITGA9, ITGA10, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB5, ITGB6 and ITGB7 were closely associated with SKCM metastasis. The expression levels of ITGA1, ITGA4, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB6, and ITGB7 were closely associated with the pathological stage of SKCM. The expression levels of ITGA6 and ITGB7 were closely associated with disease-free survival time in SKCM, and the expression levels of ITGA6, ITGA10, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGB6, ITGB7, and ITGB8 were markedly associated with overall survival in SKCM. We also found significant correlations between the expression of integrin subunits and the infiltration of six types of immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells). Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed. We have identified abnormally-expressed genes and gene regulatory networks associated with SKCM, improving understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeltai Nurzat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Su
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Li S, Chen W, Cui H, Su Y. Draxin inhibits chick trunk neural crest delamination and migration by increasing cell adhesion. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:501-515. [PMID: 34611891 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent cell population that migrates extensively to play important roles during embryonic development. After acquiring motility, trunk neural crest cells delaminate from the spinal cord and migrate to various regions of the body. Several cellular adhesion molecules, such as vinculin, are involved in the regulation of neural crest delamination and migration. In the present study, we found that draxin could inhibit delamination and migration of neural crest cells from the chick spinal cord and abnormal aggregation of the migrating neural crest cells. In the presence of draxin, the resuspended neural crest regained its adhesive ability such that it was significantly increased. Overexpression of draxin caused increased vinculin expression in vivo. Our data indicate that draxin might control delamination and migration of chick trunk neural crest by increasing cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiqian Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu P, Xue YN, Ji HH, Tan C, Guo S. H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial functions and impairs migratory potential of human epidermal melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2021; 29:733-741. [PMID: 32580253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have already been demonstrated to impede the migratory ability in non-melanocytic cell lines by depleting mitochondrial ATP production. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial metabolic response to migration in the presence of ROS should be a key to understanding repigmentation in vitiligo. This study aimed to investigate the energy mechanism associated with the ROS-mediated attenuation of melanocyte migration. After melanocytes were pretreated with H2 O2 , their ATP production, migratory ability, ultrastructural changes and Mitochondrial Permeability Potential were analysed. The results showed that, in parallel with the decreased ATP production, the migratory ability of melanocytes was significantly inhibited by oxidative stress. Supplementation with exogenous ATP reversed the suppressed ATP-dependent migration of melanocytes. Melanocytes were then stressed with H2 O2 and Agilent Whole Human Genome microarray analysis identified 763 up-regulated mRNAs and 1117 down-regulated mRNAs. Among them, 11 of the encoded proteins were involved in mitochondrial ATP production and their expression levels were verified. The decreased expression of NADH dehydrogenase 2(ND2) , cytochrome c oxidase 1(COX1) and cytochrome c oxidase 3(COX3) was shown to be involved in the depletion of mitochondrial ATP production, which was coupled with the impaired migratory potential. These results indicate that the migration of melanocytes relies heavily on an inexhaustible supply of ATP from mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,First Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Eom DS, Patterson LB, Bostic RR, Parichy DM. Immunoglobulin superfamily receptor Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (Jam3) requirement for melanophore survival and patterning during formation of zebrafish stripes. Dev Biol 2021; 476:314-327. [PMID: 33933422 PMCID: PMC10069301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adhesive interactions are essential for tissue patterning and morphogenesis yet difficult to study owing to functional redundancies across genes and gene families. A useful system in which to dissect roles for cell adhesion and adhesion-dependent signaling is the pattern formed by pigment cells in skin of adult zebrafish, in which stripes represent the arrangement of neural crest derived melanophores, cells homologous to melanocytes. In a forward genetic screen for adult pattern defects, we isolated the pissarro (psr) mutant, having a variegated phenotype of spots, as well as defects in adult fin and lens. We show that psr corresponds to junctional adhesion protein 3b (jam3b) encoding a zebrafish orthologue of the two immunoglobulin-like domain receptor JAM3 (JAM-C), known for roles in adhesion and signaling in other developing tissues, and for promoting metastatic behavior of human and murine melanoma cells. We found that zebrafish jam3b is expressed post-embryonically in a variety of cells including melanophores, and that jam3b mutants have defects in melanophore survival. Jam3b supported aggregation of cells in vitro and was required autonomously by melanophores for an adherent phenotype in vivo. Genetic analyses further indicated both overlapping and non-overlapping functions with the related receptor, Immunoglobulin superfamily 11 (Igsf11) and Kit receptor tyrosine kinase. These findings suggest a model for Jam3b function in zebrafish melanophores and hint at the complexity of adhesive interactions underlying pattern formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Seok Eom
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Raegan R Bostic
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cioanca AV, Wu C(S, Natoli R, Conway RM, McCluskey PJ, Jager MJ, Sitiwin EI, Eamegdool SS, Madigan MC. The role of melanocytes in the human choroidal microenvironment and inflammation: Insights from the transcriptome. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:928-945. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V. Cioanca
- John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Chieh‐Lin (Stanley) Wu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science University of NSW Sydney NSW Australia
- Save Sight Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- John Curtin School of Medical Research The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - R. Max Conway
- Save Sight Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven S. Eamegdool
- Save Sight Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit Children’s Medical Research Institute Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Michele C. Madigan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science University of NSW Sydney NSW Australia
- Save Sight Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prognostic Correlation of an Autophagy-Related Gene Signature in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7397132. [PMID: 33456497 PMCID: PMC7785385 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7397132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that autophagy plays a vital role in the biological processes of various cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Transcriptome expression profiles and clinical data acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to screen autophagy-related prognostic genes that were significantly correlated with HNSCC patients' overall survival. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore biological functions of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ARGs) identified in HNSCC patients. Six ARGs (EGFR, HSPB8, PRKN, CDKN2A, FADD, and ITGA3) identified with significantly prognostic values for HNSCC were used to construct a risk signature that could stratify patients into the high-risk and low-risk groups. This signature demonstrated great value in predicting prognosis for HNSCC patients and was indicated as an independent prognostic factor in terms of clinicopathological characteristics (sex, age, clinical stage, histological grade, anatomic subdivision, alcohol history, smoking status, HPV status, and mutational status of the samples). The prognostic signature was also validated by data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). In conclusion, this study provides a novel autophagy-related gene signature for predicting prognosis of HNSCC patients and gives molecular insights of autophagy in HNSCC.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang D, Gao J, Zhao C, Li S, Zhang D, Hou X, Zhuang X, Liu Q, Luo Y. Cyclin G2 Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis by Binding to IGFBP3 and Regulating the FAK-SRC-STAT Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:560572. [PMID: 33240810 PMCID: PMC7677509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.560572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle protein cyclin G2 is considered a tumor suppressor. However, its regulatory effects and potential mechanisms in oral cancers are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cyclin G2 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The data from 80 patients with OSCC were utilized to predict the abnormal expression of cyclin G2. The proliferation and metastasis were determined by a cell counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, a wound-healing assay, and a cell invasion assay. The expression of key proteins and genes associated with the cyclin G2 signaling pathways was determined by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The orthotopic nude mice model was established by a mouth injection of SCC9 cells overexpressing cyclin G2. We showed that the low level of cyclin G2 in OSCC, which is negatively correlated with clinical staging, was a negative prognostic factor for the disease. We also found that cyclin G2 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and blocked the cell cycle at G1/S of OSCC cells, suggesting that cyclin G2 has an inhibitory effect in OSCC. Mechanistically, cyclin G2 inhibited the growth and metastasis of OSCC by binding to insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and regulating the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) -SRC-STAT signal transduction pathway. Cyclin G2 competed with integrin to bind to IGFBP3; the binding between integrin and IGFBP3 was reduced after cyclin G2 overexpression, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK and SRC. These results showed that cyclin G2 inhibited the progression of OSCC by interacting with IGFBP3 and that it may be a new target for OSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danning Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinlan Gao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sen Li
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinbin Zhuang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smart JA, Oleksak JE, Hartsough EJ. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Plasticity and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:25-37. [PMID: 33004622 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior to metastasis, modern therapeutics and surgical intervention can provide a favorable long-term survival for patients diagnosed with many types of cancers. However, prognosis is poor for patients with metastasized disease. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet in situ and localized, thin melanomas can be biopsied with little to no postsurgical follow-up. However, patients with metastatic melanoma require significant clinical involvement and have a 5-year survival of only 34% to 52%, largely dependent on the site of colonization. Melanoma metastasis is a multi-step process requiring dynamic changes in cell surface proteins regulating adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stroma, and other cancer cells in varied tumor microenvironments. Here we will highlight recent literature to underscore how cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to melanoma disease progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Smart
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia E Oleksak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laminin-511-E8 promotes efficient in vitro expansion of human limbal melanocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11074. [PMID: 32632213 PMCID: PMC7338389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal melanocytes, located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneoscleral limbus, represent essential components of the corneal epithelial stem cell niche, but, due to difficulties in their isolation and cultivation, their biological roles and potential for stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we established a protocol for the efficient isolation and cultivation of pure populations of human limbal melanocytes, which could be expanded at high yield by using recombinant laminin (LN)-511-E8 as culture substrate. Co-cultivation of limbal melanocytes with limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells on fibrin hydrogels pre-incubated with LN-511-E8 resulted in multilayered stratified epithelial constructs within ten days. By reproducing physiological cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions of the native niche environment, these biomimetic co-culture systems provide a promising experimental model for investigating the functional roles of melanocytes in the limbal stem cell niche and their suitability for developing advanced epithelial grafts for ocular surface surface reconstruction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kopatz V, Selzer E. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of integrin subtype expression in melanocytes and melanoma cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:237-245. [PMID: 32066306 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1727923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Changes in the integrin expression pattern have been associated with the malignant transformation of melanocytes suggesting that integrins may be potential biomarkers as well as molecular targets for individualized therapy. Since there is a lack of comprehensive qualitative and quantitative expression data, we characterized the integrin expression profile in normal and malignant human cells of the melanocytic lineage.Methods: Seven melanoma cell lines as well as normal human melanocytes were investigated in western blots including recombinant integrin subunits for quantification.Results: Expression patterns were heterogeneous. In melanoma, overexpression of α4, α6, αL, β5, and β6 was found. Integrins α7, α9, and β4 were overexpressed in a subset of the melanoma cell lines. Overexpression was defined as a lack of expression in melanocytes but expression in more than half (4) of the melanoma lines. 1.9 to 6.7 × 106 integrin molecules (about 0.3% of total cellular protein) were estimated to be expressed per cell. Expression of integrin αE at the protein level was found in melanoma and melanocytes, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. Integrins αM and β2 were not detected.Conclusion: Integrins α4, α6, αL, β5, and β6 appear to be overexpressed in melanoma cells. These subunits may serve as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kopatz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edgar Selzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Wang Y, Rong SK, Li L, Chen T, Fan YY, Wang YF, Yang CR, Yang C, Cho WC, Yang J. Integrin α1 promotes tumorigenicity and progressive capacity of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:815-826. [PMID: 32071551 PMCID: PMC7019142 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.37275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death globally. Integrin α1 (ITGA1) belongs to integrin family and involves in regulating cell adhesion, invasion, proliferation and tumorigenicity, its expression is up-regulated in various cancers, including CRC. However, the molecular understanding and clinical relevance of ITGA1 in the development and progression of CRC remain unclear. In the present study, we detected ITGA1 in 50 CRC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, sera from 100 CRC patients and 50 healthy subjects, and four CRC cell lines using immunohistochemistry staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. We found that the ITGA1 protein was significantly higher in human CRC tissues and cell lines than both paired non-tumor tissues and normal cells, respectively. In addition, the serum concentration of ITGA1 was also higher in CRC patients compared to the healthy subjects (p<0.01) and was significantly associated with metastatic TNM stages (p<0.0001) and circulating carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) (p<0.022). Furthermore, down-regulation of ITGA1 with transfecting LV-shITGA1 inhibited the progressive capacity of cell migration and invasion in CRC SW480 cell line and the tumorgenicity in nude mice. In functional studies, ITGA1 knockdown also inhibited Ras/ERK signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of Ras, p-Erk1/2 and c-Myc in SW480. Contrastly, when evelated expression of ITGA1 in NCM460 coincided with the increased expression of Ras, p-Erk1/2 and c-Myc. Taken together, our findings suggest that ITGA1 is an oncogene with a capability to promote CRC cell migration, invasion and tumorigenicity by activating the Ras/Erk signaling, implying that it may be a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shangluo International Medical Center Hospital, Shangluo, Shanxi 726000, China
| | - Shi-Kuo Rong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Public Health and Management School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ya-Yun Fan
- Department of Gynaecology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Chun-Rong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, and College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Škalamera D, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Ainger SA, Lanagan C, Sturm RA, Gabrielli B. Melanoma mutations modify melanocyte dynamics in co-culture with keratinocytes or fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.234716. [PMID: 31767623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic cell interactions are integral to skin homeostasis, and affect the outcome of multiple diseases, including cutaneous pigmentation disorders and melanoma. By using automated-microscopy and machine-learning-assisted morphology analysis of primary human melanocytes in co-culture, we performed combinatorial interrogation of melanocyte genotypic variants and functional assessment of lentivirus-introduced mutations. Keratinocyte-induced melanocyte dendricity, an indicator of melanocyte differentiation, was reduced in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) R/R variant strain and by NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E expression, while expression of CDK4.R24C and RAC1.P29S had no detectable effect. Time-lapse tracking of melanocytes in co-culture revealed dynamic interaction phenotypes and hyper-motile cell states that indicated that, in addition to the known role in activating mitogenic signalling, MEK-pathway-activating mutations may also allow melanocytes to escape keratinocyte control and increase their invasive potential. Expanding this combinatorial platform will identify other therapeutic target mutations and melanocyte genetic variants, as well as increase understanding of skin cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Škalamera
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen A Ainger
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Lanagan
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102 QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang SS, Chen G, Li SH, Pang JS, Cai KT, Yan HB, Huang ZG, He RQ. Identification and validation of an individualized autophagy-clinical prognostic index in bladder cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3695-3712. [PMID: 31190871 PMCID: PMC6526186 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Autophagy is a major catabolic system by which eukaryotic cells undergo self-degradation of damaged, defective, or unwanted intracellular components. An abnormal autophagic level is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancers. The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value of autophagy in bladder cancer (BC), which is a major cause of cancer-related death globally. Patients and methods: First, 27 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were identified in BC patients based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Functional enrichment analyses hinted that autophagy may act in a tumor-suppressive role in the initiation of BC. Then, the Cox proportional hazard regression model were employed to identify three key prognostic ARGs (JUN, MYC, and ITGA3), which were related with overall survival (OS) significantly in BC. The three genes represented important clinical significance and prognostic value in BC. Then a prognostic index (PI) was constructed. Results: The PI was constructed based on the three genes, and significantly stratified BC patients into high- and low-risk groups in terms of OS (HR=1.610, 95% CI=1.200–2.160, P=0.002). PI remained as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses (HR=2.355, 95% CI=1.483–3.739, P<0.001). When integrated with clinical characteristics of age and stage, an autophagy-clinical prognostic index (ACPI) was finally validated, which had improved performance in predicting OS of BC patients (HR=2.669, 95% CI=1.986–3.587, P<0.001). The ACPI was confirmed in datasets of GSE13507 (HR=7.389, 95% CI=3.645–14.980, P<0.001) and GSE31684 (HR=1.665, 95% CI=0.872–3.179, P=0.122). Conclusion: This study provides a potential prognostic signature for predicting prognosis of BC patients and molecular insights of autophagy in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Shuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affilated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affilated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shu Pang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Teng Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Biao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affilated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim H, Yi N, Do BR, Lee AY. Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Coculturing Stimulates Integrin-Mediated Extracellular Matrix Adhesion of Melanocytes by Upregulating Growth Factors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:185-192. [PMID: 30530924 PMCID: PMC6430229 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coculture with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes. To enhance outcomes of skin disorders caused by melanocyte loss or death, mixed transplantation with ADSCs has been suggested. However, role of cocultured ADSCs in proliferation and migration of melanocytes remains unclear. This study determined the effect of ADSCs on production of growth factors and expression levels of intergrins in primary culture of adult human melanocytes with or without ADSCs and in nude mice grafted with such melanocytes. Higher amounts of growth factors for melanocytes, such as bFGF and SCF were produced and released from ADSCs by coculturing with melanocytes. Relative levels of integrins β1, α5, and α6 as well as adhesion to fibronectin and laminin were increased in melanocytes cocultured with ADSCs. Such increases were inhibited by neutralization of bFGF or SCF. Relative levels of bFGF, SCF and integrins were increased in nude mice skin after grafting with melanocyte+ADSC cocultures. Collectively, these results indicate that ADSCs can stimulate proliferation and migration of melanocytes by increasing expression of integrins in melanocytes through upregulation of production/release of melanocyte growth factors such as bFGF and SCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyangmi Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Rok Do
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Hurim BioCell Inc., Seoul 07531, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu LD, Öhman M. ADAR1 Editing and its Role in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2018; 10:genes10010012. [PMID: 30585209 PMCID: PMC6356570 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that somatic mutations and escape of immune disruption are two essential factors in cancer initiation and progression. With an increasing number of second-generation sequencing data, transcriptomic modifications, so called RNA mutations, are emerging as significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor, as well as providing tumor diversity to escape an immune attack. Editing of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. Since the cell interprets inosine as guanosine (G), A-to-I editing can result in non-synonymous codon changes in transcripts as well as yield alternative splicing, but also affect targeting and disrupt maturation of microRNAs. ADAR-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals, however, its dysregulation causes aberrant editing of its targets that may lead to cancer. ADAR1 is commonly overexpressed, for instance in breast, lung, liver and esophageal cancer as well as in chronic myelogenous leukemia, where it promotes cancer progression. It is well known that ADAR1 regulates type I interferon (IFN) and its induced gene signature, which are known to operate as a significant barrier to tumor formation and progression. Adding to the complexity, ADAR1 expression is also regulated by IFN. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1 during tumorigenesis through aberrant editing of specific substrates. Additionally, we hypothesized that elevated ADAR1 levels play a role in suppressing an innate immunity response in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Di Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Öhman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu CT, Leong PY, Hou TY, Huang SJ, Hsiao YP, Ko JL. Ganoderma immunomodulatory protein and chidamide down-regulate integrin-related signaling pathway result in migration inhibition and apoptosis induction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 51:39-47. [PMID: 30466626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In terms of melanoma, recent advances have been made in target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, but durable remission is rare. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins (GMI) induce a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells via autophagy. However, the role of GMI in melanoma is not clear. PURPOSE The aims of this study are to investigate the inhibiting effects of GMI combined with chidamide on survival and metastases of melanoma cells via integrin-related signaling pathway and to propose strategies for combining GMI and chidamide using animal model. METHODS Cell viability was measured by cell CCK-8. The activities of apoptosis- and migration-related proteins were detected on Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and sub-G1 fraction in treated melanoma cells. To evaluate the activity of combination GMI and chidamide treatment, an in vivo anti-tumor metastasis study was performed. RESULTS GMI combined with chidamide additively induced apoptosis. GMI inhibited the expressions of Integrin α5, αV, β1, and β3. The level of p-FAK was inhibited by GMI. Combination treatment of GMI and chidamide decreased survivin and increased cleaved caspase-7 and LC3 II/I. Integrin-αV overexpression activated p-FAK pathways in A375.S2 cells. GMI significantly inhibited cell growth and migration of A375.S2 cells on wound healing assay. In vivo, GMI combined with chidamide suppressed distal tumor metastasis. CONCLUSION GMI inhibits the migration and growth of melanoma cells via integrin-related signaling pathway. GMI and chidamide induces apoptosis. In vivo, GMI and chidamide additively reduce distant metastases. GMI and chidamide are potential immunotherapeutic adjuvant for metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Lu
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Ying Leong
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Hou
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jia Huang
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nemlich Y, Baruch EN, Besser MJ, Shoshan E, Bar-Eli M, Anafi L, Barshack I, Schachter J, Ortenberg R, Markel G. ADAR1-mediated regulation of melanoma invasion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2154. [PMID: 29855470 PMCID: PMC5981216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells use different migratory strategies to exit the primary tumor mass and invade surrounding and subsequently distant tissues. We reported previously that ADAR1 expression is downregulated in metastatic melanoma, thereby facilitating proliferation. Here we show that ADAR1 silencing enhances melanoma cell invasiveness and ITGB3 expression. The enhanced invasion is reversed when ITGB3 is blocked with antibodies. Re-expression of wild-type or catalytically inactive ADAR1 establishes this mechanism as independent of RNA editing. We demonstrate that ADAR1 controls ITGB3 expression both at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, via miR-22 and PAX6 transcription factor, respectively. These are proven here as direct regulators of ITGB3 expression. miR-22 expression is controlled by ADAR1 via FOXD1 transcription factor. Clinical relevance is demonstrated in patient-paired progression tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry. The novel ADAR1-dependent and RNA-editing-independent regulation of invasion, mediated by ITGB3, strongly points to a central involvement of ADAR1 in cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Erez Nissim Baruch
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Judith Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liat Anafi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. .,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang R, Rofstad EK. Integrins as therapeutic targets in the organ-specific metastasis of human malignant melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:92. [PMID: 29703238 PMCID: PMC5924434 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Among the 24 integrin isoforms, many have been found to be associated with tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell migration and proliferation, and metastasis. Integrins, especially αvβ3, αvβ5 and α5β1, participate in mediating tumor angiogenesis by interacting with the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathways. Melanoma patients have a poor prognosis when the primary tumor has generated distant metastases, and the melanoma metastatic site is an independent predictor of the survival of these patients. Different integrins on the melanoma cell surface preferentially direct circulating melanoma cells to different organs and promote the development of metastases at specific organ sites. For instance, melanoma cells expressing integrin β3 tend to metastasize to the lungs, whereas those expressing integrin β1 preferentially generate lymph node metastases. Moreover, tumor cell-derived exosomes which contain different integrins may prepare a pre-metastatic niche in specific organs and promote organ-specific metastases. Because of the important role that integrins play in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, they have become promising targets for the treatment of advanced cancer. In this paper, we review the integrin isoforms responsible for angiogenesis and organ-specific metastasis in malignant melanoma and the inhibitors that have been considered for the future treatment of metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vaccaro M, Irrera N, Cutroneo G, Rizzo G, Vaccaro F, Anastasi GP, Borgia F, Cannavò SP, Altavilla D, Squadrito F. Differential Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms nNOS and iNOS in Patients with Non-Segmental Generalized Vitiligo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122533. [PMID: 29186858 PMCID: PMC5751136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several biological processes, but its role in human melanogenesis is still not well understood. Exposure to UVA and UVB induces nitric oxide production in keratinocytes and melanocytes through the activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase over expression might be involved in hypopigmentary disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression were modified in vitiligo skin compared to healthy controls. Skin biopsies were obtained from inflammatory/lesional and white/lesional skin in 12 patients with active, non-segmental vitiligo; site-matched biopsies of normal skin from eight patients were used as controls. Nitric oxide synthase isoforms expression was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western Blot analysis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly increased in inflammatory/lesional skin compared to healthy skin; melanocytes showed a moderate neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in white/lesional skin, demonstrating that metabolic function still goes on. The obtained data demonstrated that vitiligo lesions were characterized by modifications of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, thus confirming the hypothesis that nitric oxide imbalance is involved in vitiligo and supporting the idea that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors might be used as a possible therapeutic approach for the management of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federico Vaccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serafinella P Cannavò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Images, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Zou X, Sun G, Bao Y. Codonopsis lanceolata polysaccharide CLPS inhibits melanoma metastasis via regulating integrin signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:435-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
29
|
Hattori Y, Kikuchi T, Nakamura M, Ozaki KI, Onishi H. Therapeutic effects of protein kinase N3 small interfering RNA and doxorubicin combination therapy on liver and lung metastases. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5157-5166. [PMID: 29098022 PMCID: PMC5652245 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that suppression of protein kinase N3 (PKN3) expression in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells results in the inhibition of tumor progression and lymph node metastasis formation. The present study investigated whether combination therapy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PKN3 and doxorubicin (DXR) could increase therapeutic efficacy against liver and lung metastases. In vitro transfection of PKN3 siRNA into PKN3-positive MDA-MB-231, LLC, and Colon 26 cells and PKN3-negative MCF-7 cells did not inhibit cell growth and did not increase sensitivity to DXR. However, following in vivo treatment, PKN3 siRNA suppressed the growth of liver MDA-MB-231 and lung LLC and MCF-7 metastases, although combination therapy with DXR did not increase the therapeutic efficacy. By contrast, in liver MCF-7 metastases, PKN3 siRNA or DXR alone did not exhibit significant inhibition of tumor growth, but their combination significantly improved therapeutic efficacy. Treatment of liver MDA-MB-231 metastases with PKN3 siRNA induced a change in vasculature structure via suppression of PKN3 mRNA expression. PKN3 siRNA may induce antitumor effects in lung and liver metastases by suppression of PKN3 expression in stroma cells, such as endothelial cells. From these findings, PKN3 siRNA alone or in combination with DXR may reduce the tumor growth of liver and lung metastases regardless of PKN3 expression in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takuto Kikuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ozaki
- Education and Research Center for Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Crawford M, Leclerc V, Dagnino L. A reporter mouse model for in vivo tracing and in vitro molecular studies of melanocytic lineage cells and their diseases. Biol Open 2017. [PMID: 28642245 PMCID: PMC5576081 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in melanocytic lineage cells give rise to a plethora of distinct human diseases, including neurocristopathies, cutaneous pigmentation disorders, loss of vision and hearing, and melanoma. Understanding the ontogeny and biology of melanocytic cells, as well as how they interact with their surrounding environment, are key steps in the development of therapies for diseases that involve this cell lineage. Efforts to culture and characterize primary melanocytes from normal or genetically engineered mouse models have at times yielded contrasting observations. This is due, in part, to differences in the conditions used to isolate, purify and culture these cells in individual studies. By breeding ROSAmT/mG and Tyr::CreERT2 mice, we generated animals in which melanocytic lineage cells are identified through expression of green fluorescent protein. We also used defined conditions to systematically investigate the proliferation and migration responses of primary melanocytes on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates. Under our culture conditions, mouse melanocytes exhibit doubling times in the range of 10 days, and retain exponential proliferative capacity for 50-60 days. In culture, these melanocytes showed distinct responses to different ECM substrates. Specifically, laminin-332 promoted cell spreading, formation of dendrites, random motility and directional migration. In contrast, low or intermediate concentrations of collagen I promoted adhesion and acquisition of a bipolar morphology, and interfered with melanocyte forward movements. Our systematic evaluation of primary melanocyte responses emphasizes the importance of clearly defining culture conditions for these cells. This, in turn, is essential for the interpretation of melanocyte responses to extracellular cues and to understand the molecular basis of disorders involving the melanocytic cell lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crawford
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Valerie Leclerc
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fiziev P, Akdemir KC, Miller JP, Keung EZ, Samant NS, Sharma S, Natale CA, Terranova CJ, Maitituoheti M, Amin SB, Martinez-Ledesma E, Dhamdhere M, Axelrad JB, Shah A, Cheng CS, Mahadeshwar H, Seth S, Barton MC, Protopopov A, Tsai KY, Davies MA, Garcia BA, Amit I, Chin L, Ernst J, Rai K. Systematic Epigenomic Analysis Reveals Chromatin States Associated with Melanoma Progression. Cell Rep 2017; 19:875-889. [PMID: 28445736 PMCID: PMC5473172 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent and nature of epigenomic changes associated with melanoma progression is poorly understood. Through systematic epigenomic profiling of 35 epigenetic modifications and transcriptomic analysis, we define chromatin state changes associated with melanomagenesis by using a cell phenotypic model of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic states. Computation of specific chromatin state transitions showed loss of histone acetylations and H3K4me2/3 on regulatory regions proximal to specific cancer-regulatory genes in important melanoma-driving cell signaling pathways. Importantly, such acetylation changes were also observed between benign nevi and malignant melanoma human tissues. Intriguingly, only a small fraction of chromatin state transitions correlated with expected changes in gene expression patterns. Restoration of acetylation levels on deacetylated loci by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors selectively blocked excessive proliferation in tumorigenic cells and human melanoma cells, suggesting functional roles of observed chromatin state transitions in driving hyperproliferative phenotype. Through these results, we define functionally relevant chromatin states associated with melanoma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petko Fiziev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kadir C Akdemir
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Emily Z Keung
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Neha S Samant
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sneha Sharma
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Christopher A Natale
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Terranova
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mayinuer Maitituoheti
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Samirkumar B Amin
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mayura Dhamdhere
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jacob B Axelrad
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Amiksha Shah
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Christine S Cheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harshad Mahadeshwar
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Lynda Chin
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Cancer Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Institute for Health Transformation, The University of Texas System, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | - Jason Ernst
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kunal Rai
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arous C, Wehrle-Haller B. Role and impact of the extracellular matrix on integrin-mediated pancreatic β-cell functions. Biol Cell 2017; 109:223-237. [PMID: 28266044 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the organisation and role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in islets of Langerhans is critical for maintaining pancreatic β-cells, and to recognise and revert the physiopathology of diabetes. Indeed, integrin-mediated adhesion signalling in response to the pancreatic ECM plays crucial roles in β-cell survival and insulin secretion, two major functions, which are affected in diabetes. Here, we would like to present an update on the major components of the pancreatic ECM, their role during integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and how they are affected during diabetes. To treat diabetes, a promising approach consists in replacing β-cells by transplantation. However, efficiency is low, because β-cells suffer of anoikis, due to enzymatic digestion of the pancreatic ECM, which affects the survival of insulin-secreting β-cells. The strategy of adding ECM components during transplantation, to reproduce the pancreatic microenvironment, is a challenging task, as many of the regulatory mechanisms that control ECM deposition and turnover are not sufficiently understood. A better comprehension of the impact of the ECM on the adhesion and integrin-dependent signalling in β-cells is primordial to improve the healthy state of islets to prevent the onset of diabetes as well as for enhancing the efficiency of the islet transplantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arous
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li QL, Wu YH, Niu M, Lu XJ, Huang YH, He DH. Protective effects of tacalcitol against oxidative damage in human epidermal melanocytes. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:232-238. [PMID: 28074522 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Mu Niu
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiao-Juan Lu
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yong-Hua Huang
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Dan-Hua He
- Department of Dermatology; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital; Medical College; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bupleurum chinense polysaccharide inhibit adhesion of human melanoma cells via blocking β1 integrin function. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 156:244-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
35
|
Epidermal micrografts produced via an automated and minimally invasive tool form at the dermal/epidermal junction and contain proliferative cells that secrete wound healing growth factors. Adv Skin Wound Care 2016; 28:397-405. [PMID: 26258460 PMCID: PMC4892759 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000470024.81711.b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scientific study was to assess epidermal micrografts for formation at the dermal-epidermal (DE) junction, cellular outgrowth, and growth factor secretion. Epidermal harvesting is an autologous option that removes only the superficial epidermal layer of the skin, considerably limiting donor site damage and scarring. Use of epidermal grafting in wound healing has been limited because of tedious, time-consuming, and inconsistent methodologies. Recently, a simplified, automated epidermal harvesting tool (CelluTome Epidermal Harvesting System; Kinetic Concepts Inc, San Antonio, Texas) that applies heat and suction concurrently to produce epidermal micrografts has become commercially available. The new technique of epidermal harvesting was shown to create viable micrografts with minimal patient discomfort and no donor-site scarring. DESIGN: This study was a prospective institutional review board–approved healthy human study. SETTING: This study was conducted at the multispecialty research facility, Clinical Trials of Texas, Inc, in San Antonio, Texas. PATIENTS: The participants were 15 healthy human volunteers. RESULTS: Epidermal micrografts formed at the DE junction, and migratory basal layer keratinocytes and melanocytes were proliferative in culture. Basement membrane–specific collagen type IV was also found to be present in the grafts, suggesting that the combination of heat and vacuum might cause partial delamination of the basement membrane. Viable basal cells actively secreted key growth factors important for modulating wound healing responses, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor α. CONCLUSIONS: Harvested epidermal micrografts retained their original keratinocyte structure, which is critical for potential re-epithelialization and repigmentation of a wound environment.
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo C, Lim JH, Lee Y, Granter SR, Thomas A, Vazquez F, Widlund HR, Puigserver P. A PGC1α-mediated transcriptional axis suppresses melanoma metastasis. Nature 2016; 537:422-426. [PMID: 27580028 DOI: 10.1038/nature19347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of commonly encountered skin cancer because of its rapid progression towards metastasis. Although metabolic reprogramming is tightly associated with tumour progression, the effect of metabolic regulatory circuits on metastatic processes is poorly understood. PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, protects against oxidative stress and reprograms melanoma metabolism to influence drug sensitivity and survival. Here, we provide data indicating that PGC1α suppresses melanoma metastasis, acting through a pathway distinct from that of its bioenergetic functions. Elevated PGC1α expression inversely correlates with vertical growth in human melanoma specimens. PGC1α silencing makes poorly metastatic melanoma cells highly invasive and, conversely, PGC1α reconstitution suppresses metastasis. Within populations of melanoma cells, there is a marked heterogeneity in PGC1α levels, which predicts their inherent high or low metastatic capacity. Mechanistically, PGC1α directly increases transcription of ID2, which in turn binds to and inactivates the transcription factor TCF4. Inactive TCF4 causes downregulation of metastasis-related genes, including integrins that are known to influence invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of BRAFV600E using vemurafenib, independently of its cytostatic effects, suppresses metastasis by acting on the PGC1α-ID2-TCF4-integrin axis. Together, our findings reveal that PGC1α maintains mitochondrial energetic metabolism and suppresses metastasis through direct regulation of parallel acting transcriptional programs. Consequently, components of these circuits define new therapeutic opportunities that may help to curb melanoma metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yoonjin Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Scott R Granter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ajith Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Francisca Vazquez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hans R Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pere Puigserver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang H, Chang YC, Huang Q, Brennan ML, Wu J. Structural and Functional Analysis of a Talin Triple-Domain Module Suggests an Alternative Talin Autoinhibitory Configuration. Structure 2016; 24:721-729. [PMID: 27150043 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Talin plays an important role in regulating integrin-mediated signaling. Talin function is autoinhibited by intramolecular interactions between the integrin-binding F3 domain and the autoinhibitory domain (R9). We determined the crystal structure of a triple-domain fragment, R7R8R9, which contains R9 and the RIAM (Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule) binding domain (R8). The structure reveals a crystallographic contact between R9 and a symmetrically related R8 domain, representing a homodimeric interaction in talin. Strikingly, we demonstrated that the α5 helix of R9 also interacts with the F3 domain, despite no interdomain contact involving the α5 helix in the crystal structure of an F2F3:R9 autoinhibitory complex reported previously. Mutations on the α5 helix significantly diminish the F3:R9 association and lead to elevated talin activity. Our results offer biochemical and functional evidence of the existence of a new talin autoinhibitory configuration, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of talin autoinhibition, regulation, and quaternary structure assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Mark L Brennan
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mukai H, Muramatsu A, Mashud R, Kubouchi K, Tsujimoto S, Hongu T, Kanaho Y, Tsubaki M, Nishida S, Shioi G, Danno S, Mehruba M, Satoh R, Sugiura R. PKN3 is the major regulator of angiogenesis and tumor metastasis in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18979. [PMID: 26742562 PMCID: PMC4705536 DOI: 10.1038/srep18979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PKN, a conserved family member related to PKC, was the first protein kinase identified as a target of the small GTPase Rho. PKN is involved in various functions including cytoskeletal arrangement and cell adhesion. Furthermore, the enrichment of PKN3 mRNA in some cancer cell lines as well as its requirement in malignant prostate cell growth suggested its involvement in oncogenesis. Despite intensive research efforts, physiological as well as pathological roles of PKN3 in vivo remain elusive. Here, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of PKN3. The PKN3 knockout (KO) mice are viable and develop normally. However, the absence of PKN3 had an impact on angiogenesis as evidenced by marked suppressions of micro-vessel sprouting in ex vivo aortic ring assay and in vivo corneal pocket assay. Furthermore, the PKN3 KO mice exhibited an impaired lung metastasis of melanoma cells when administered from the tail vein. Importantly, PKN3 knock-down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced a glycosylation defect of cell-surface glycoproteins, including ICAM-1, integrin β1 and integrin α5 in HUVECs. Our data provide the first in vivo genetic demonstration that PKN3 plays critical roles in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, and that defective maturation of cell surface glycoproteins might underlie these phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mukai
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Rana Mashud
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kubouchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Sho Tsujimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami,Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047
| | - Sally Danno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mona Mehruba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Satoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Reiko Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tang DD. Critical role of actin-associated proteins in smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. Respir Res 2015; 16:134. [PMID: 26517982 PMCID: PMC4628321 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling, which are largely attributed to increased airway smooth muscle contractility and cell proliferation. It is known that both chemical and mechanical stimulation regulates smooth muscle contraction. Recent studies suggest that contractile activation and mechanical stretch induce actin cytoskeletal remodeling in smooth muscle. However, the mechanisms that control actin cytoskeletal reorganization are not completely elucidated. This review summarizes our current understanding regarding how actin-associated proteins may regulate remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in airway smooth muscle. In particular, there is accumulating evidence to suggest that Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a critical role in regulating airway smooth muscle contraction and cell proliferation in vitro, and airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in vivo. These studies indicate that Abl may be a novel target for the development of new therapy to treat asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Interplay between cadherins and α2β1 integrin differentially regulates melanoma cell invasion. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1445-53. [PMID: 26512877 PMCID: PMC4815890 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant transformation of melanocytes frequently coincides with an alteration in the expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) and cell-extracellular matrix proteins (integrins). How these two adhesion systems interplay to impact on cell invasion remains to be described in melanoma. Methods: Cell adhesion networks were localised by immunofluorescence in human primary cutaneous melanoma, metastatic melanoma in the lymph nodes, and melanoma cell lines. The role of these cell adhesion networks was assessed both in vivo, by analysing their impact on tumour growth in mice, and in vitro, with the use of functional tests including cell aggregation and cell migration. Results: We found that α2β1 integrin associates with both E-cadherin and N-cadherin to form two adhesive networks, distinguishable by the interaction—or not—of α2β1 integrin with type I collagen. N-cadherin/α2β1 integrin and E-cadherin/α2β1 integrin networks differently participated towards tumour growth in mice. The N-cadherin/α2β1 integrin network showed specific involvement in melanoma cell invasion and migration towards type I collagen. On the other hand, the E-cadherin/α2β1 network regulated cell–cell adhesion. Conclusions: This suggests that different signalling environments can be generated, depending on the type and/or local concentration of cadherin present in the adhesion complex, which potentially leads to differential cell responses. Further clarification of how these adhesive networks are regulated is fundamental to understanding important physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, tumour invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
|
41
|
AlQathama A, Prieto JM. Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1170-82. [PMID: 26018751 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for about 3% of all cases of malignant tumour. Its incidence is increasing worldwide and it is becoming resistant to current therapeutic agents. Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. This paper systematically and critically surveys all natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and maps the mechanisms of action for these underexploited properties. As a result, over 30 natural active principles are described acting mainly through their antagonistic effects upon the TNF-α and EP2 receptors or the suppression of several protein kinases involved in metastatic pathways such as RAS, PI3K, ERK and FAK. Also, some were able to reduce the level of mesenchymal biomarkers such as N-cadherin and/or elevate the expression of other molecules such as E-cadherin. Consequently, downstream transcription factors namely NF-kB, AP-1, ATF-2, CREB, and HIF were inactivated leading to diminished production of MMPs, IL-1, IL-6, COX-2, VEGF and GM-CSF. This review also discusses the opportunity of combination therapies based on natural products and approved drugs, such as the combination of EGCG and dacarbazine, or the combination of two natural compounds such as quercetin and sulforaphane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A AlQathama
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruffini F, Graziani G, Levati L, Tentori L, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Cilengitide downmodulates invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry of neuropilin 1 expressing melanoma cells through the inhibition of αvβ5 integrin. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E545-58. [PMID: 25284767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During melanoma progression, tumour cells show increased adhesiveness to the vascular wall, invade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and frequently form functional channels similar to vascular vessels (vasculogenic mimicry). These properties are mainly mediated by the interaction of integrins with ECM components. Since we had previously identified neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), a coreceptor of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), as an important determinant of melanoma aggressiveness, aims of this study were to identify the specific integrins involved in the highly invasive phenotype of NRP-1 expressing cells and to investigate their role as targets to counteract melanoma progression. Melanoma aggressiveness was evaluated in vitro as cell ability to migrate through an ECM layer and to form tubule-like structures using transfected cells. Integrins relevant to these processes were identified using specific blocking antibodies. The αvβ5 integrin was found to be responsible for about 80% of the capability of NRP-1 expressing cells to adhere on vitronectin. In these cells αvβ5 expression level was twice higher than in low-invasive control cells and contributed to the ability of melanoma cells to form tubule-like structures on matrigel. Cilengitide, a potent inhibitor of αν integrins activation, reduced ECM invasion, vasculogenic mimicry and secretion of VEGF-A and metalloproteinase 9 by melanoma cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ανβ5 integrin is involved in the highly aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells expressing NRP-1. Moreover, we identified a novel mechanism that contributes to the antimelanoma activity of the αv integrin inhibitor cilengitide based on the inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zulian A, Tagliavini F, Rizzo E, Pellegrini C, Sardone F, Zini N, Maraldi NM, Santi S, Faldini C, Merlini L, Petronilli V, Bernardi P, Sabatelli P. Melanocytes from Patients Affected by Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy and Bethlem Myopathy have Dysfunctional Mitochondria That Can be Rescued with Cyclophilin Inhibitors. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:324. [PMID: 25477819 PMCID: PMC4238408 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy are caused by mutations in collagen VI (ColVI) genes, which encode an extracellular matrix protein; yet, mitochondria play a major role in disease pathogenesis through a short circuit caused by inappropriate opening of the permeability transition pore, a high-conductance channel, which causes a shortage in ATP production. We find that melanocytes do not produce ColVI yet they bind it at the cell surface, suggesting that this protein may play a trophic role and that its absence may cause lesions similar to those seen in skeletal muscle. We show that mitochondria in melanocytes of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy patients display increased size, reduced matrix density, and disrupted cristae, findings that suggest a functional impairment. In keeping with this hypothesis, mitochondria (i) underwent anomalous depolarization after inhibition of the F-ATP synthase with oligomycin, and (ii) displayed decreased respiratory reserve capacity. The non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitor NIM811 prevented mitochondrial depolarization in response to oligomycin in melanocytes from both Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy patients, and partially restored the respiratory reserve of melanocytes from one Bethlem myopathy patient. These results match our recent findings on melanocytes from patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Pellegrini et al., 2013), and suggest that skin biopsies may represent a minimally invasive tool to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and to evaluate drug efficacy in ColVI-related myopathies and possibly in other muscle wasting conditions like aging sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zulian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; CNR Neuroscience Institute , Padova , Italy
| | - Francesca Tagliavini
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy ; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Erika Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; CNR Neuroscience Institute , Padova , Italy
| | | | - Francesca Sardone
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy ; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy ; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Nadir Mario Maraldi
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy ; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; CNR Neuroscience Institute , Padova , Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; CNR Neuroscience Institute , Padova , Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics , Bologna , Italy ; SC Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, IOR , Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bozon-Petitprin A, Bacot S, Gauchez AS, Ahmadi M, Bourre JC, Marti-Batlle D, Perret P, Broisat A, Riou LM, Claron M, Boturyn D, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Vuillez JP. Targeted radionuclide therapy with RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with (90)Y or (177)Lu in a mouse model of αvβ3-expressing tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 42:252-63. [PMID: 25164771 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The αvβ3 integrin plays an important role in tumour-induced angiogenesis, tumour proliferation, survival and metastasis. The tetrameric RGD-based peptide, regioselectively addressable functionalized template-(cyclo-[RGDfK])4 (RAFT-RGD), specifically targets the αvβ3 integrin in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of RAFT-RGD radiolabelled with β(-) emitters in a nude mouse model of αvβ3 integrin-expressing tumours. METHODS Biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed after injection of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD in nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG cells. Experimental targeted radionuclide therapy with (90)Y-RAFT-RGD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD and (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD (nonspecific controls) was evaluated by intravenous injection of the radionuclides into mice bearing αvβ3 integrin-expressing U-87 MG tumours of different sizes (small or large) or bearing TS/A-pc tumours that do not express αvβ3. Tumour volume doubling time was used to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment. RESULTS Injection of 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD into mice with large αvβ3-positive tumours or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD into mice with small αvβ3-positive tumours caused significant growth delays compared to mice treated with 37 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RAD or 37 MBq of (177)Lu-RAFT-RAD or untreated mice. In contrast, injection of 30 MBq of (90)Y-RAFT-RGD had no effect on the growth of αvβ3-negative tumours. CONCLUSION (90)Y-RAFT-RGD and (177)Lu-RAFT-RGD are potent agents targeting αvβ3-expressing tumours for internal targeted radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Expression profiling using a cDNA array and immunohistochemistry for the extracellular matrix genes FN-1, ITGA-3, ITGB-5, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in colorectal carcinoma progression and dissemination. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:102541. [PMID: 24737953 PMCID: PMC3967625 DOI: 10.1155/2014/102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer dissemination depends on extracellular matrix genes related to remodeling and degradation of the matrix structure. This investigation intended to evaluate the association between FN-1, ITGA-3, ITGB-5, MMP-2, and MMP-9 gene and protein expression levels in tumor tissue with clinical and histopathological neoplastic parameters of cancer dissemination. The expression associations between ECM molecules and selected epithelial markers EGFR, VEGF, Bcl2, P53, and KI-67 have also been examined in 114 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent primary tumor resection. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry tissue microarray methods were performed in samples from the primary tumors. The gene expression results showed that the ITGA-3 and ITGB-5 genes were overexpressed in tumors with lymph node and distant metastasis (III/IV-stage tumors compared with I/II tumors). The MMP-2 gene showed significant overexpression in mucinous type tumors, and MMP-9 was overexpressed in villous adenocarcinoma histologic type tumors. The ECM genes MMP9 and ITGA-3 have shown a significant expression correlation with EGFR epithelial marker. The overexpression of the matrix extracellular genes ITGA-3 and ITGB-5 is associated with advanced stage tumors, and the genes MMP-2 and MMP-9 are overexpressed in mucinous and villous adenocarcinoma type tumors, respectively. The epithelial marker EGFR overactivity has been shown to be associated with the ECM genes MMP-9 and ITGA-3 expression.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nikitovic D, Mytilinaiou M, Berdiaki A, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparin regulate melanoma cell functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2471-81. [PMID: 24486410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The solid melanoma tumor consists of transformed melanoma cells, and the associated stromal cells including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, as well as, soluble macro- and micro-molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) forming the complex network of the tumor microenvironment. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an important component of the melanoma tumor ECM. Importantly, there appears to be both a quantitative and a qualitative shift in the content of HSPGs, in parallel to the nevi-radial growth phase-vertical growth phase melanoma progression. Moreover, these changes in HSPG expression are correlated to modulations of key melanoma cell functions. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will critically discuss the roles of HSPGs/heparin in melanoma development and progression. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We have correlated HSPGs' expression and distribution with melanoma cell signaling and functions as well as angiogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The current knowledge of HSPGs/heparin biology in melanoma provides a foundation we can utilize in the ongoing search for new approaches in designing anti-tumor therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - M Mytilinaiou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ai Berdiaki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - N K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - G N Tzanakakis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Furukawa K, Kambe M, Miyata M, Ohkawa Y, Tajima O, Furukawa K. Ganglioside GD3 induces convergence and synergism of adhesion and hepatocyte growth factor/Met signals in melanomas. Cancer Sci 2013; 105:52-63. [PMID: 24372645 PMCID: PMC4317880 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GD3 is highly expressed in human melanomas and enhances malignant properties of melanomas, such as cell proliferation and invasion activity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of GD3 expression on cell signals triggered by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met interaction and by adhesion to collagen type I (CL-I). Although stimulation of melanoma N1 cells (GD3+ and GD3−) with either HGF or adhesion to CL-I did not show marked differences in the phosphorylation levels of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308 between two types of cells, simultaneous treatment resulted in definite and markedly increased activation of Akt in GD3+ cells. Similar increases were also shown in Erk1/2 phosphorylation levels with the costimulation in GD3+ cells. When resistance to induced apoptosis by H2O2 was examined, only GD3+ cells treated with both HGF and adhesion to CL-I showed clearly low percentages of dead cells compared with GD3− cells or GD3+ cells treated with either one of the stimulants. Cell growth measured by 5-ethynyl-2‘ deoxyuridine uptake also showed synergistic effects in GD3+ cells. These results suggested that GD3 plays a crucial role in the convergence of multiple signals, leading to the synergistic effects of those signals on malignant properties of melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan; Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aladowicz E, Ferro L, Vitali GC, Venditti E, Fornasari L, Lanfrancone L. Molecular networks in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Future Oncol 2013; 9:713-26. [PMID: 23647299 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma accounts for approximately 80% of skin cancer-related deaths. Up to now there has been no effective treatment for stage IV melanoma patients due to the complexity and dissemination potential of this disease. Melanomas are heterogeneous tumors in which conventional therapies fail to improve overall survival. Targeted therapies are being developed, but the final outcome can be hampered by the incomplete knowledge of the process of melanoma progression. Even if the intracellular pathways are similar, the interaction of the cells with the surrounding environment should be taken into consideration. This article seeks to highlight some of the advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Aladowicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Malmquist SJ, Abramsson A, McGraw HF, Linbo TH, Raible DW. Modulation of dorsal root ganglion development by ErbB signaling and the scaffold protein Sorbs3. Development 2013; 140:3986-96. [PMID: 24004948 DOI: 10.1242/dev.084640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The multipotent cells of the vertebrate neural crest (NC) arise at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, then migrate throughout the developing embryo and differentiate into diverse cell types, including the sensory neurons and glia of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). As multiple cell types are derived from this lineage, it is ideal for examining mechanisms of fate restriction during development. We have isolated a mutant, ouchless, that specifically fails to develop DRG neurons, although other NC derivatives develop normally. This mutation affects the expression of Sorbs3, a scaffold protein known to interact with proteins involved in focal adhesions and several signaling pathways. ouchless mutants share some phenotypic similarities with mutants in ErbB receptors, EGFR homologs that are implicated in diverse developmental processes and associated with several cancers; and ouchless interacts genetically with an allele of erbb3 in DRG neurogenesis. However, the defect in ouchless DRG neurogenesis is distinct from ErbB loss of function in that it is not associated with a loss of glia. Both ouchless and neurogenin1 heterozygous fish are sensitized to the effects of ErbB chemical inhibitors, which block the development of DRG in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibitors of MEK show similar effects on DRG neurogenesis. We propose a model in which Sorbs3 helps to integrate ErbB signals to promote DRG neurogenesis through the activation of MAPK and upregulation of neurogenin1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Malmquist
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Contador-Troca M, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Barrasa E, Rico-Leo EM, Catalina-Fernández I, Menacho-Márquez M, Bustelo XR, García-Borrón JC, Gómez-Durán A, Sáenz-Santamaría J, Fernández-Salguero PM. The dioxin receptor has tumor suppressor activity in melanoma growth and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2683-93. [PMID: 23843039 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic and malignant skin cancer having poor rates of patient survival. Since the incidence of melanoma is steadily increasing in the population, finding prognostic and therapeutic targets are crucial tasks in cancer. The dioxin receptor (AhR) is required for xenobiotic-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis and for cell physiology and organ homeostasis. Yet, the mechanisms by which AhR affects tumor growth and dissemination are largely uncharacterized. We report here that AhR contributes to the tumor-stroma interaction, blocking melanoma growth and metastasis when expressed in the tumor cell but supporting melanoma when expressed in the stroma. B16F10 cells engineered to lack AhR (small hairpin RNA for AhR) exacerbated melanoma primary tumorigenesis and lung metastasis when injected in AhR+/+ recipient mice but not when injected in AhR- /- mice or when co-injected with AhR-/- fibroblasts in an AhR+/+ stroma. Contrary, B16F10 cells expressing a constitutively active AhR had reduced tumorigenicity and invasiveness in either AhR genetic background. The tumor suppressor role of AhR in melanoma cells correlated with reduced migration and invasion, with lower numbers of cancer stem-like cells and with altered levels of β1-integrin and caveolin1. Human melanoma cell lines with highest AHR expression also had lowest migration and invasion. Moreover, AHR expression was reduced in human melanomas with respect to nevi lesions. We conclude that AhR knockdown in melanoma cells requires stromal AhR for maximal tumor progression and metastasis. Thus, AhR can be a molecular marker in melanoma and its activity in both tumor and stromal compartments should be considered.
Collapse
|