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Bone marrow-derived cells and their conditioned medium induce microvascular repair in uremic rats by stimulation of endogenous repair mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9444. [PMID: 28842629 PMCID: PMC5572734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced number of circulating stem/progenitor cells that is found in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may contribute to impaired angiogenic repair and decreased capillary density in the heart. Cell therapy with bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) has been shown to induce positive effects on the microvasculature and cardiac function, most likely due to secretion of growth factors and cytokines, all of which are present in the conditioned medium (CM); however, this is controversial. Here we showed that treatment with BMDC or CM restored vascular density and decreased the extent of fibrosis in a rat model of CKD, the 5/6 nephrectomy. Engraftment and differentiation of exogenous BMDCs could not be detected. Yet CM led to the mobilization and infiltration of endogenous circulating cells into the heart. Cell recruitment was facilitated by the local expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as the macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, and endothelial adhesion molecules. Consistently, in vitro assays showed that CM increased endothelial adhesiveness to circulating cells by upregulating the expression of adhesion molecules, and stimulated angiogenesis/endothelial tube formation. Overall, our results suggest that both treatments exert vasculoprotective effects on the heart of uremic rats by stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms.
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Kang J, Kim TW, Hur J, Kim HS. Strategy to Prime the Host and Cells to Augment Therapeutic Efficacy of Progenitor Cells for Patients with Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:46. [PMID: 27933299 PMCID: PMC5121226 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy in myocardial infarction (MI) is an innovative strategy that is regarded as a rescue therapy to repair the damaged myocardium and to promote neovascularization for the ischemic border zone. Among several stem cell sources for this purpose, autologous progenitors from bone marrow or peripheral blood would be the most feasible and safest cell-source. Despite the theoretical benefit of cell therapy, this method is not widely adopted in the actual clinical practice due to its low therapeutic efficacy. Various methods have been used to augment the efficacy of cell therapy in MI, such as using different source of progenitors, genetic manipulation of cells, or priming of the cells or hosts (patients) with agents. Among these methods, the strategy to augment the therapeutic efficacy of the autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by priming agents may be the most feasible and the safest method that can be applied directly to the clinic. In this review, we will discuss the current status and future directions of priming PBMCs or patients, as for cell therapy of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehoon Kang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; National Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Niche, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Varshney R, Ali Q, Wu C, Sun Z. Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Involves Downregulation of Antiaging Protein Klotho and eNOS Activity. Hypertension 2016; 68:1255-1263. [PMID: 27672025 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate whether stem cell delivery of secreted Klotho (SKL), an aging-suppressor protein, attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular dysfunction and remodeling. Overexpression of SKL in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was achieved by transfecting MSCs with lentiviral vectors expressing SKL-green fluorescent protein (GFP). Four groups of rats were treated with monocrotaline, whereas an additional group was given saline (control). Three days later, 4 monocrotaline-treated groups received intravenous delivery of nontransfected MSCs, MSC-GFP, MSC-SKL-GFP, and PBS, respectively. Ex vivo vascular relaxing responses to acetylcholine were diminished in small pulmonary arteries (PAs) in monocrotaline-treated rats, indicating pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, delivery of MSCs overexpressing SKL (MSC-SKL-GFP) abolished monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction and PA remodeling. Monocrotaline significantly increased right ventricular systolic blood pressure, which was attenuated significantly by MSC-SKL-GFP, indicating improved PA hypertension. MSC-SKL-GFP also attenuated right ventricular hypertrophy. Nontransfected MSCs slightly, but not significantly, improved PA hypertension and pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction. MSC-SKL-GFP attenuated monocrotaline-induced inflammation, as evidenced by decreased macrophage infiltration around PAs. MSC-SKL-GFP increased SKL levels, which rescued the downregulation of SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) expression and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in the lungs of monocrotaline-treated rats. In cultured endothelial cells, SKL abolished monocrotaline-induced downregulation of eNOS activity and NO levels and enhanced cell viability. Therefore, stem cell delivery of SKL is an effective therapeutic strategy for pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction and PA remodeling. SKL attenuates monocrotaline-induced PA remodeling and PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, likely by reducing inflammation and restoring SIRT1 levels and eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Varshney
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Quaisar Ali
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City.
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Avolio E, Caputo M, Madeddu P. Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering for correction of congenital heart disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:39. [PMID: 26176009 PMCID: PMC4485350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article reports on the new field of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering and its potential on the management of congenital heart disease. To date, stem cell therapy has mainly focused on treatment of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, with initial indication of safety and mild-to-moderate efficacy. Preclinical studies and initial clinical trials suggest that the approach could be uniquely suited for the correction of congenital defects of the heart. The basic concept is to create living material made by cellularized grafts that, once implanted into the heart, grows and remodels in parallel with the recipient organ. This would make a substantial improvement in current clinical management, which often requires repeated surgical corrections for failure of implanted grafts. Different types of stem cells have been considered and the identification of specific cardiac stem cells within the heterogeneous population of mesenchymal and stromal cells offers opportunities for de novo cardiomyogenesis. In addition, endothelial cells and vascular progenitors, including cells with pericyte characteristics, may be necessary to generate efficiently perfused grafts. The implementation of current surgical grafts by stem cell engineering could address the unmet clinical needs of patients with congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Congenital Heart Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
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5
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Yee K, Malliaras K, Kanazawa H, Tseliou E, Cheng K, Luthringer DJ, Ho CS, Takayama K, Minamino N, Dawkins JF, Chowdhury S, Duong DT, Seinfeld J, Middleton RC, Dharmakumar R, Li D, Marbán L, Makkar RR, Marbán E. Allogeneic cardiospheres delivered via percutaneous transendocardial injection increase viable myocardium, decrease scar size, and attenuate cardiac dilatation in porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113805. [PMID: 25460005 PMCID: PMC4251970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial injection of heart-derived cell products is safe and effective post-myocardial infarction (MI), but clinically-translatable transendocardial injection has never been evaluated. We sought to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of percutaneous transendocardial injection of heart-derived cells in porcine chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a total of 89 minipigs; 63 completed the specified protocols. After NOGA-guided transendocardial injection, we quantified engraftment of escalating doses of allogeneic cardiospheres or cardiosphere-derived cells in minipigs (n = 22) post-MI. Next, a dose-ranging, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled ("dose optimization") study of transendocardial injection of the better-engrafting product was performed in infarcted minipigs (n = 16). Finally, the superior product and dose (150 million cardiospheres) were tested in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled ("pivotal") study (n = 22). Contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI revealed that all cardiosphere doses preserved systolic function and attenuated remodeling. The maximum feasible dose (150 million cells) was most effective in reducing scar size, increasing viable myocardium and improving ejection fraction. In the pivotal study, eight weeks post-injection, histopathology demonstrated no excess inflammation, and no myocyte hypertrophy, in treated minipigs versus controls. No alloreactive donor-specific antibodies developed over time. MRI showed reduced scar size, increased viable mass, and attenuation of cardiac dilatation with no effect on ejection fraction in the treated group compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Dose-optimized injection of allogeneic cardiospheres is safe, decreases scar size, increases viable myocardium, and attenuates cardiac dilatation in porcine chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. The decreases in scar size, mirrored by increases in viable myocardium, are consistent with therapeutic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Yee
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eleni Tseliou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Cheng
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Chak-Sum Ho
- Gift of Life Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Takayama
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - James F. Dawkins
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Supurna Chowdhury
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Doan Trang Duong
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Seinfeld
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Middleton
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rohan Dharmakumar
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Debiao Li
- Cedars-Sinai Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Capricor, Beverly Hills, California, United States of America
| | - Raj R. Makkar
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Capricor, Beverly Hills, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Recent progress in using stem cells for tissue repair and functional restoration has aroused much attention due to its potential to provide a cue for many diseases such as myocardial infarction. Stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively at both experimental and clinical levels. Pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells were proven to be effective for myocardial regeneration, angiogenesis, and cardiac functional restoration. In this review, we will concisely discuss advantages and disadvantages of currently-used stem cells for cardiovascular repair and regeneration. The limitations and uniqueness of some types of stem cells will also be discussed. Although substantial progress has been made over the last decade about stem cells in cardiovascular regeneration, many challenges lie ahead before the therapeutic potentials of stem cells can be fully recognized.
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Simultaneous evaluation of wall motion and blood perfusion of a beating heart using stereoscopic fluorescence camera system. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2014; 38:276-84. [PMID: 24507764 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a stereoscopic fluorescence camera system for simultaneous evaluation of wall motion and tissue perfusion using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging. The system consists of two high-speed stereo cameras, an excitation lamp, and a computer for image processing. Evaluation experiments demonstrated that the stereoscopic fluorescence camera system successfully performed the simultaneous measurement of wall motion and tissue perfusion based on ICG fluorescence imaging. Our system can be applied to intraoperative evaluation of cardiac status, leading to an improvement in surgical outcomes.
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9
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Puliafico SB, Penn MS, Silver KH. Stem cell therapy for heart disease. J Gen Intern Med 2013; 28:1353-63. [PMID: 23771782 PMCID: PMC3785654 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in Americans. After myocardial infarction, significant ventricular damage persists despite timely reperfusion and pharmacological management. Treatment is limited, as current modalities do not cure this damage. In the past decade, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic solution to restore myocardial function. Clinical trials have demonstrated safety and beneficial effects in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and dilated cardiomyopathy. These benefits include improved ventricular function, increased ejection fraction, and decreased infarct size. Mechanisms of therapy are still not clearly understood. However, it is believed that paracrine factors, including stromal cell-derived factor-1, contribute significantly to stem cell benefits. The purpose of this article is to provide medical professionals with an overview on stem cell therapy for the heart and to discuss potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Puliafico
- Northeast Ohio Cardiovascular Specialists (NEOCS), 95 Arch St. Suite 300, Akron, OH, 44304, USA
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10
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Dai DF, Chen T, Johnson SC, Szeto H, Rabinovitch PS. Cardiac aging: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1492-526. [PMID: 22229339 PMCID: PMC3329953 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of death in the western world. The incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as the rate of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity increase exponentially in the elderly population, suggesting that age per se is a major risk factor of CVDs. The physiologic changes of human cardiac aging mainly include left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, valvular degeneration, increased cardiac fibrosis, increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation, and decreased maximal exercise capacity. Many of these changes are closely recapitulated in animal models commonly used in an aging study, including rodents, flies, and monkeys. The application of genetically modified aged mice has provided direct evidence of several critical molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac aging, such as mitochondrial oxidative stress, insulin/insulin-like growth factor/PI3K pathway, adrenergic and renin angiotensin II signaling, and nutrient signaling pathways. This article also reviews the central role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in CVDs and the plausible mechanisms underlying the progression toward heart failure in the susceptible aging hearts. Finally, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging may support the potential clinical application of several "anti-aging" strategies that treat CVDs and improve healthy cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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11
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Post-natal cardiomyocytes can generate iPS cells with an enhanced capacity toward cardiomyogenic re-differentation. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1162-74. [PMID: 22261617 PMCID: PMC3374080 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state by forcing the expression of a few embryonic transcription factors. The resulting induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers. It is well known that post-natal cardiomyocytes (CMs) lack the capacity to proliferate. Here, we report that neonatal CMs can be reprogrammed to generate iPS cells that express embryonic-specific markers and feature gene-expression profiles similar to those of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell and cardiac fibroblast (CF)-derived iPS cell populations. CM-derived iPS cells are able to generate chimeric mice and, moreover, re-differentiate toward CMs more efficiently then either CF-derived iPS cells or mES cells. The increased differentiation capacity is possibly related to CM-derived iPS cells retaining an epigenetic memory of the phenotype of their founder cell. CM-derived iPS cells may thus lead to new information on differentiation processes underlying cardiac differentiation and proliferation.
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12
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Exploiting extracellular matrix-stem cell interactions: A review of natural materials for therapeutic muscle regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:428-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Rago G, Langer CM, Brackman C, Day JP, Domke KF, Raschzok N, Schmidt C, Sauer IM, Enejder A, Mogl MT, Bonn M. CARS microscopy for the visualization of micrometer-sized iron oxide MRI contrast agents in living cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:2470-2483. [PMID: 21991541 PMCID: PMC3184857 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) attract increasing interest as contrast agents for cellular tracking by clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Despite the great potential of MPIOs for in vivo imaging of labeled cells, little is known on the intracellular localization of these particles following uptake due to the lack of techniques with the ability to monitor the particle uptake in vivo at single-cell level. Here, we show that coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy enables non-invasive, label-free imaging of MPIOs in living cells with sub-micron resolution in three dimensions. CARS allows simultaneous visualization of the cell framework and the MPIOs, where the particles can be readily distinguished from other cellular components of comparable dimensions, and localized inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin M. Langer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brackman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - James P.R. Day
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Igor M. Sauer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivagen 4, Göteborg, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Martina T. Mogl
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité-Campus Virchow, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
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Cardiac stem cell therapy. Registered trials and a pilot study in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Herz 2011; 36:121-34. [PMID: 21424348 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-010-3419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac stem cell therapy, the past decade has been interesting with respect to preclinical and clinical research. The high diversity of applied stem cell populations and evaluation methods represent a challenge to fully understand the impact of stem cell administration, leaving uncertain answers to the questions that have been dealt with thus far. In the present work, registered studies in cardiac stem cell therapy are summarized and the study aims are highlighted. Furthermore, preliminary data on the additional intramyocardial administration of CD133+ stem cells in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery are presented.
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15
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Saito T, Okumoto K, Haga H, Nishise Y, Ishii R, Sato C, Watanabe H, Okada A, Ikeda M, Togashi H, Ishikawa T, Terai S, Sakaida I, Kawata S. Potential therapeutic application of intravenous autologous bone marrow infusion in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1503-10. [PMID: 21417817 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the application and efficacy of autologous bone marrow infusion (ABMi) for improvement of liver function in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). Five subjects and 5 control patients with ALC who had abstained from alcohol intake for 24 weeks before the study were enrolled. Autologous bone marrow cells were washed and injected intravenously, and the changes in serum liver function parameters, and the level of the type IV collagen 7S domain as a marker of fibrosis, were monitored for 24 weeks. The distribution of activated bone marrow was assessed by indium-111-chloride bone marrow scintigraphy. The number of cells infused was 8.0±7.3×10(9) (mean±standard error). The serum levels of albumin and total protein and the prothrombin time were significantly higher during the follow-up period after ABMi than during the observation period in treated patients, whereas no such changes were observed in the controls. In the patients who received ABMi, the Child-Pugh score decreased in all 3 who were classified as class B; the serum levels of type IV collagen 7S domain improved in 4 of the 5 patients; and bone marrow scintigraphy demonstrated an increase of indium-111-chloride uptake in 3 of the 4 patients tested. ABMi for patients with ALC helps improve liver function parameters in comparison with observation during abstinence and ameliorates the degree of fibrosis in terms of serum markers and bone marrow activation in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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16
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Siltanen A, Kitabayashi K, Lakkisto P, Mäkelä J, Pätilä T, Ono M, Tikkanen I, Sawa Y, Kankuri E, Harjula A. hHGF overexpression in myoblast sheets enhances their angiogenic potential in rat chronic heart failure. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19161. [PMID: 21541335 PMCID: PMC3082550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After severe myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure results from ischemia, fibrosis, and remodeling. A promising therapy to enhance cardiac function and induce therapeutic angiogenesis via a paracrine mechanism in MI is myoblast sheet transplantation. We hypothesized that in a rat model of MI-induced chronic heart failure, this therapy could be further improved by overexpression of the antiapoptotic, antifibrotic, and proangiogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the myoblast sheets. We studied the ability of wild type (L6-WT) and human HGF-expressing (L6-HGF) L6 myoblast sheet-derived paracrine factors to stimulate cardiomyocyte, endothelial cell, or smooth muscle cell migration in culture. Further, we studied the autocrine effect of hHGF-expression on myoblast gene expression profiles by use of microarray analysis. We induced MI in Wistar rats by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation and allowed heart failure to develop for 4 weeks. Thereafter, we administered L6-WT (n = 15) or L6-HGF (n = 16) myoblast sheet therapy. Control rats (n = 13) underwent LAD ligation and rethoracotomy without therapy, and five rats underwent a sham operation in both surgeries. We evaluated cardiac function with echocardiography at 2 and 4 weeks after therapy, and analyzed cardiac angiogenesis and left ventricular architecture from histological sections at 4 weeks. Paracrine mediators from L6-HGF myoblast sheets effectively induced migration of cardiac endothelial and smooth muscle cells but not cardiomyocytes. Microarray data revealed that hHGF-expression modulated myoblast gene expression. In vivo, L6-HGF sheet therapy effectively stimulated angiogenesis in the infarcted and non-infarcted areas. Both L6-WT and L6-HGF therapies enhanced cardiac function and inhibited remodeling in a similar fashion. In conclusion, L6-HGF therapy effectively induced angiogenesis in the chronically failing heart. Cardiac function, however, was not further enhanced by hHGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Siltanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2011; 26:270-4. [PMID: 21490464 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e328346ccf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Bibliography-Editors' selection of current word literature. Coron Artery Dis 2010; 22:45-7. [PMID: 21160292 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328342fc9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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