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Liang Y, Ren T, Li R, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Qin Z, Li J, Hu J, Luo C. Natural Products with Potential Effects on Hemorrhoids: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2673. [PMID: 38893547 PMCID: PMC11173953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhoid disease is a common anorectal disorder affecting populations worldwide, with high prevalence, treatment difficulties, and considerable treatment costs. Compared to other treatment options, medical therapy for hemorrhoids offers minimal harm, more dignity to patients, and is more economical. Unfortunately, there are few chemical hemorrhoid medications available clinically, which makes the search for efficacious, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly new medication classes a focal point of research. In this context, searching for available natural products to improve hemorrhoids exhibits tremendous potential. These products are derived from nature, predominantly from plants, with a minor portion coming from animals, fungi, and algae. They have excellent coagulation pathway regulation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration activities. Therefore, we take the view that they are a class of potential hemorrhoid drugs, prevention products, and medication add-on ingredients. This article first reviews the factors contributing to the development of hemorrhoids, types, primary symptoms, and the mechanisms of natural products for hemorrhoids. Building on this foundation, we screened natural products with potential hemorrhoid improvement activity, including polyphenols and flavonoids, terpenes, polysaccharides, and other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Tankun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Ruyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhonghui Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637002, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Zonglin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.L.); (T.R.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.)
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Deng Y, Song L, Huang J, Zhou W, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhao H, Liu D. Astragalus polysaccharides ameliorates experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110969. [PMID: 38522565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well-established that the reduced Memory B cells (MBCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), rendering them a potential therapeutic target for UC intervention. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a primary active constituent derived from the classic traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has been used for centuries in the treatment of UC in both human and animal subjects due to its renowned immunomodulatory properties. However, it is unknown whether APS can regulate MBCs to alleviate experimental colitis. In the present investigation, the murine colitis was successfully induced using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) and subsequently treated with APS for a duration of 7 days. APS exhibited significant efficacy in reducing the disease activity index (DAI), colonic weight index, the index of colonic weight/colonic length. Furthermore, APS mitigated colonic pathological injuries, restored the colonic length, elevated the immunoglobulin A (IgA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels, while concurrently suppressing IgG, IgM, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Crucially, the quantities of MBCs, IgA+MBCs and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+) MBCs were notably increased along with a concurrent decrease in IgG1+MBCs, IG2a+MBCs, IgG2b+MBCs after APS administration in colitis mice. Additionally, the Mitotracker red expressions of MBCs and their subgroups demonstrated a significantly up-regulation. Meanwhile, the transcriptomics analysis identified mitochondrial metabolism as the predominant and pivotal mechanism underlying APS-mediated mitigation of DSS-induced colitis. Key differentially expressed genes, including B-cell linker (BLNK), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL-6), B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), paired box gene 5 (PAX5), purinergic 2 × 7 receptor (P2X7R), B Cell activation factor (BAFF), B Cell activation factor receptor (BAFFR), CD40, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IL-6 and so on were implicated in this process. These mRNA expressions were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. These findings revealed that APS effectively restored MBCs and their balance to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, which was potentially realized via promoting mitochondrial metabolism to maintain MBCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Deng
- Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lizhao Song
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Lu
- Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330052, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Wang S, Peng Y, Zhuang Y, Wang N, Jin J, Zhan Z. Purification, Structural Analysis and Cardio-Protective Activity of Polysaccharides from Radix Astragali. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104167. [PMID: 37241906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two polysaccharides, named APS2-I and APS3-I, were purified from the water extract of Radix Astragali. The average molecular weight of APS2-I was 1.96 × 106 Da and composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 2.3:4.8:1.7:14.0:5.8:11.7:2.8:12.6, while the average molecular weight of APS3-I was 3.91 × 106 Da and composed of Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara in a molar ratio of 0.8:2.3:0.8:2.3:4.1. Biological evaluation showed APS2-I and APS3-I had significant antioxidant activity and myocardial protection activity. Furthermore, total polysaccharide treatment could significantly enhance hemodynamic parameters and improve cardiac function in rat ischemia and reperfusion isolated heart models. These results provided important information for the clinical application of APS in the field of cardiovascular disease and implied that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) could be considered as a reference for the quality control of Radix Astragali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jianchang Jin
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhajun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Hossein Zadeh Z, Najdegerami EH, Niko M, Nejati V, Ahmadi Gavlighi H. Low-molecular weight oligosaccharides from gum tragacanth ( Astragalus gossypinus) ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Wistar male rats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:765-777. [PMID: 36789034 PMCID: PMC9922153 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting 25% of the world's population. The effects of oligosaccharides from Gum tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) (GT) on oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, and expression of autophagy genes were investigated in induced non-alcoholic fatty liver. Twenty-four male healthy rats were divided into four groups, Control; high-fat diet, high-fat diet + 100 mg GT oligosaccharides/kg body weight, high-fat diet + 200 mg GT oligosaccharides/kg body weight and fed with the trial diets for 70 days. At the end of the experiment, the results indicated that GT oligosaccharides affected the weight gain and liver weight in NAFLD-induced rats. In addition, the results showed that the use of GT oligosaccharides significantly decreased oxidative stress, liver injury, and hyperglycemia (p < .05) and upregulated the expression of autophagy genes in NAFLD-induced rats. Practical applications Overall, the results of the current study demonstrated that the use of GT oligosaccharides obtained from Gum tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) showed significant antioxidant properties and hypoglycemia in NAFLD induced rats and could be used as a useful nutritional strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Niko
- Department of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia & Aquaculture Research InstituteUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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Capping Agents for Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharide modulates gut microbiota to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis in a rat model. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:34. [PMID: 35864275 PMCID: PMC9304368 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seriously impairs the quality of life of sufferers. It has been shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a natural active indigestible ingredient with medicinal and edible functions, can effectively relieve RA, however, whether this effect is related to gut microbiota is not known. This study aimed to explore the RA alleviating mechanism of LBP mediated by gut microbiota using a collagen-induced arthritis rat model. The results showed that LBP significantly changed the gut microflora structure accompanied with the RA alleviation. Specifically, a LBP intervention reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae and significantly increased the abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Dubosiella and Faecalibaculum. The mRNA contents of several colonic epithelial genes including Dpep3, Gstm6, Slc27a2, Col11a2, Sycp2, SNORA22, Tnni1, Gpnmb, Mypn and Acsl6, which are potentially associated to RA, were down-regulated due to the DNA hypermethylation, possibly caused by the elevating content of a bacterial metabolite S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). In conclusion, our current study suggests that LBP alleviated RA by reshaping the composition of intestinal microflora which may generate SAM, inducing DNA hypermethylation of RA-related genes in the host intestinal epithelium and subsequently reducing their expression.
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Gao LM, Fu S, Liu F, Wu HB, Li WJ. Astragalus Polysaccharide Regulates miR-182/Bcl-2 Axis to Relieve Metabolic Memory through Suppressing Mitochondrial Damage-Mediated Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Pharmacology 2021; 106:520-533. [PMID: 34352784 DOI: 10.1159/000515901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic memory is one of the causes of diabetic retinopathy, and astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has great advantages in the treatment of diabetes. However, the effect of APS on metabolic memory remains to be investigated. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 and primary retinal pigment epithelial cells were used to verify the effect of APS on mitochondria damage and apoptosis induced by high glucose-induced metabolic memory. The relationship between miR-182 and Bcl-2 was confirmed by a luciferase activity assay. Western blotting and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were conducted to investigate the changes in mitochondrial damage- and apoptosis-associated markers. The cell mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 fluorescence. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining and flow cytometry assays were performed to determine the occurrence of apoptosis. RESULTS Treatment with high glucose followed by normal glucose significantly upregulated the expression of miR-182 and downregulated the expression of its target Bcl-2, and APS treatment reversed the above effects. Additionally, APS treatment restored mitochondrial function and inhibited apoptosis in cells in a state of metabolic memory. The effects of APS against mitochondrial damage and apoptosis were partially inhibited after miR-182 overexpression. CONCLUSION APS alleviated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis induced by metabolic memory by regulating the miR-182/Bcl-2 axis, which might serve as a new strategy for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mo Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Han-Bing Wu
- Tumor Center, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hao Z, Li Z, Huo J, Li J, Liu F, Yin P. Effects of Chinese wolfberry and Astragalus extract on the antioxidant capacity of Tibetan pig liver. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245749. [PMID: 33503027 PMCID: PMC7840052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) and Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) extract (WAE) on the antioxidant capacity of Tibetan pig liver, and discussed the regulatory effect of WAE on the liver antioxidant mechanism. Twelve healthy 120-day-old Tibetan black pigs (35±2 kg) were divided randomly into two groups. The WAE group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% WAE for 90 days. The control group was fed the same diet, but without the WAE. We found that liver superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity (P<0.05), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) (P<0.05), and catalase (CAT) activity (P<0.01) significantly increased in the WAE group compared with the control group; malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased, but this was not significant (P >0.05). Transcriptome sequencing analysis detected 106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to oxidative stress. GO enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were involved in the positive regulation of reactive oxygen metabolism and biosynthesis, process regulation, and regulation of the oxidative stress response. KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis showed they were enriched in the PI3K-Akt, AMPK, Rap1, and peroxisome signaling pathways. The expression levels of key peroxisome biosynthesis genes (e.g., PEX3 and PEX11B) and key antioxidant genes (e.g., CAT and SOD1) were significantly higher in the WAE group than in the control group. The PRDX1 and PRDX5 content also was significantly higher in the WAE group. This study showed that the WAE regulated the antioxidant and anti-stress ability of Tibetan pig liver through a "peroxisome antioxidant-oxidant stress" signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang C, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Peng X, Luo J. Recovery of Ggt7 and Ace Expressions in the Colon Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats by Specific Bioactive Polysaccharide Intervention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14531-14539. [PMID: 33226212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes swollen joints and irreversible joint damage and may even elevate cancer risks. Several bioactive nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) were reported to alleviate RA, but the key colonic genes accountable for this alleviation were elusive. Using collagen-induced arthritis as an RA model, colonic candidate genes related to RA were selected by transcriptome and methylome. The key genes were determined by comparing the transcriptome, methylome, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction profiles in RA rats with and without Lycium barbarum polysaccharides' treatment and further validated using Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and Astragalus propinquus polysaccharides for comparison. Both colonic genes γ-glutamyltransferase 7 (Ggt7) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (Ace) were downregulated by RA, and they were upregulated after L. barbarum polysaccharides' and A. sinensis polysaccharides' intervention that reduced the RA-caused hypermethylation status in nucleotide sites in the exon/promoter region of the two genes. However, the A. propinquus polysaccharides' intervention barely reduced the hypermethylation in the corresponding sites, failing to recover the expressions of these two genes and improve RA. Therefore, the colonic Ggt7 and Ace can be considered as key genes accountable for RA alleviation by bioactive NSP intervention. This study provides a more comprehensive insight into diet intervention to improve RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjing Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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Wang L, Xu Z, Ling D, Li J, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:764-782. [PMID: 33021403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the development and function of skeletal muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle development, muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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Wu J, Chen X, Lv Y, Gao K, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, He X, Chu Y, Wu X, Ou A, Wen Z, Zhang J, Peng J, Huang Z, Jakobsson PJ, Huang Q, Huang R. Chinese Herbal Formula Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi Decoction Compared With Leflunomide in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Open-Label, Randomized, Controlled, Pilot Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:484. [PMID: 33015085 PMCID: PMC7498571 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine is complementary and an alternative to modern medicine. The combination therapies of herbal products with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are gradually and widely adopted in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huayu-Qiangshen-Tongbi (HQT) decoction, a Chinese medicine formula, combined with methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of patients with active RA, in comparison with the combination therapy of MTX with leflunomide (LEF). Methods: This pilot study was a monocenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms. Ninety patients with active RA were randomly allocated to receive either HQT at a dose of 250 ml twice daily or LEF at a dose of 20 mg once daily, and all participants received MTX at a dose of 10-15 mg once weekly. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a 20% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) after a 24-week treatment. Results: 84.4% (76/90) patients completed the 24-week observation. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the percentage values of patients achieving the ACR20 response criteria were 72.1% (31/43) in MTX + HQT group and 74.4% (32/43) in MTX + LEF group (p = 0.808). No significant difference was observed in other parameters, including ACR50, ACR70, clinical disease activity index good responses, European League Against Rheumatism good response, remission rate, and low disease activity rate. The results of the per-protocol analysis showed consistency with those of the intention-to-treat analysis. The mean change from baseline at week 24 for the van der Heijde modified total sharp score had no significant difference between two groups (3.59 ± 4.75 and 1.34 ± 8.67 in the MTX + HQT group and MTX + LEF group, respectively, p = 0.613). The frequency of adverse events was similar in both groups (11 cases in the MTX + HQT and 17 cases in the MTX + LEF, p > 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with active RA, treatment with the combination of HQT and MTX was associated with improvement in signs, symptoms, and physical function. With a beneficial clinical response and acceptable tolerability, HQT or other Chinese medicine formula may be a good therapeutic option in combination with MTX for RA treatment. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trails Registry, ChiCTR-INR-16009031, Registered on 15th August 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Gao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Liu
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiumin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Ou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehuai Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhisheng Huang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huadu, China
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingchun Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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The relationship between structural properties and activation of RAW264.7 and natural killer (NK) cells by sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Astragalus membranaceus roots. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Chinese Herbal Medicines for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Text-Mining the Classical Literature for Potentially Effective Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7531967. [PMID: 32419824 PMCID: PMC7206865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7531967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multijoint swelling, pain, and destruction of the synovial joints. Treatments are available but new therapies are still required. One source of new therapies is natural products, including herbs used in traditional medicines. In China and neighbouring countries, natural products have been used throughout recorded history and are still in use for RA and its symptoms. This study used text-mining of a database of classical Chinese medical books to identify candidates for future clinical and experimental investigations of therapeutics for RA. Methods The database Encyclopaedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Hua Yi Dian) includes the full texts of over 1,150 classical books. Eight traditional terms were searched. All citations were assessed for relevance to RA. Results and Conclusions. After removal of duplications, 3,174 citations were considered. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 548 citations of traditional formulas were included. These derived from 138 books written from 206 CE to 1948. These formulas included 5,018 ingredients (mean, 9 ingredients/formula) comprising 243 different natural products. When these text-mining results were compared to the 18 formulas recommended in a modern Chinese Medicine clinical practice guideline, 44% of the herbal formulas were the same. This suggests considerable continuity in the clinical application of these herbs between classical and modern Chinese medicine practice. Of the 15 herbs most frequently used as ingredients of the classical formulas, all have received research attention, and all have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. Two of these 15 herbs have already been developed into new anti-RA therapeutics—sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. & Wils and total glucosides of peony from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Nevertheless, there remains considerable scope for further research. This text-mining approach was effective in identifying multiple natural product candidates for future research.
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Wang W, Zhou H, Liu L. The role of Chinese herbal medicine in the management of adverse drug reactions of leflunomide in treating rheumatoid arthritis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153136. [PMID: 32062477 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high discontinuation rate in RA patients who use LEF might be attributed to their intolerance rather than irresponsibility. The concomitant administration of Leflunomide (LEF) with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) provides a potential solution to preventing the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by LEF during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PURPOSE To investigate whether co-administration of LEF with CHM could bring in both increased therapeutic outcomes and reduced ADRs due to the framework of treatment at the level of entire body. STUDY DESIGN The mechanism of LEF in RA treatment and the ADRs it induced was introduced based on recent papers. Reported clinical examples of CHM concurrent use with LEF was revealed to provide more evidence. The management of the ADRs caused by LEF was suggested by current researches on the concomitant therapy of CHM with LEF. RESULTS The active ingredients, compounds and medicinal herbs all demonstrated properties in relieving toxicities and reducing ADRs when used with LEF and reported in several clinical cases. The wide application of concurrent use of CHM with LEF is however hindered by the complex pathogenesis of RA which requires further scientific grounds for diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION This review introduced that the adoption of CHM is emerging as a novel strategy for the management of ADRs caused by LEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine/State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wailong, Taipa, Macau, PR China.
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Dong N, Li X, Xue C, Zhang L, Wang C, Xu X, Shan A. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviates LPS-induced inflammation via the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5525-5540. [PMID: 32037545 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early weaning usually causes intestinal disorders, enteritis, and diarrhea in young animals and human infants. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possesses anti-inflammatory activity. To study the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of APS and its potential effects on intestinal health, we performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) study in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in vitro. In addition, LPS-stimulated BALB/c mice were used to study the effects of APS on intestinal inflammation in vivo. The results from the RNA-seq analysis show that there were 107, 756, and 5 differentially expressed genes in the control versus LPS, LPS versus LPS+APS, and control versus LPS+APS comparison groups, respectively. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways play significant roles in the regulation of inflammatory factors and chemokine expression by APS. Further verification of the above two pathways by using western blot and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of the phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 were inhibited by APS, while the expression of IκB-α protein was significantly increased (p < .05), indicating that APS inhibits the production of inflammatory factors and chemokines by the inhibition of activation of the MAPK and NF-κB inflammatory pathways induced by LPS stimulation. Animal experiments further demonstrated that prefeeding APS in BALB/c mice can alleviate the expression of the jejunal inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-Iβ, and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by LPS stimulation and improve jejunal villus morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chensi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Chen JP, Lai HC. Immuno-potentiating effects of Astragalus polysaccharides: A mini-literature review. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Fan L, Li M, Cao FY, Zeng ZW, Li XB, Ma C, Ru JT, Wu XJ. Astragalus polysaccharide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in ATDC5 cells via miR-92a/KLF4 mediation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Liu YT, Lv WL. Research Progress in Astragalus Membranaceus and Its Active Components on Immune Responses in Liver Fibrosis. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:794-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Jiang H, Wu FR, Liu J, Qin XJ, Jiang NN, Li WP. Effect of astragalosides on long non-coding RNA expression profiles in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1344-1356. [PMID: 31364738 PMCID: PMC6713426 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which occurs in ~1.0% of the general population. Increasing studies have suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may serve important roles in various biological processes and may be associated with the pathogenesis of different types of disease, including RA. Astragalosides (AST) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of RA. However, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect has remained unclear to date. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the possible mechanism of AST in the treatment of RA from the perspective of lncRNAs. In the present study, the lncRNAs and mRNAs of a vehicle group, animal model group and AST treatment (control) group were determined by Arraystar Rat lncRNA/mRNA microarray. The differentially expressed genes with a fold change >1.5 and P<0.05 were selected and analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery, and the coding-non-coding gene co-expression network was drawn based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Based on node degree and the correlation between bioinformatics analysis and RA, the critical differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected, analyzed and verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. The results showed that, following AST treatment, up to 75 lncRNAs and 247 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among the three groups. GO and pathway analysis manifested that 135 GO terms and 17 pathways were enriched by differentially expressed genes. Four lncRNAs (MRAK012530, MRAK132628, MRAK003448 and XR_006457) were selected as the critical lncRNAs and their trend in expression showed consistency between the RT-qPCR and microarray data. In conclusion, AST had a regulatory effect on differentially expressed lncRNAs during the development of RA, and four lncRNAs could be selected as critical therapeutic targets of AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Rong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Shen X, Sun H, Cui H, Jin Y, Jin W, Cui X, Guo J. Astragaloside attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced cell apoptosis in human gingiva cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12273-12279. [PMID: 31001851 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xionghu Shen
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Hai Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Yongmin Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Wenbo Jin
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Xian Cui
- Department of Oncology Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University Yanji People's Pepublic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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Antioxidant, immunomodulatory, oxidative stress inhibitory and iron supplementation effect of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide-iron (III) complex on iron-deficiency anemia mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:213-221. [PMID: 30926500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As iron supplement, the antioxidant activities of APS-iron (III) complex were comprehensively evaluated by 5-axe cobweb charts, which indicated the APS-iron (III) complex had a certain antioxidant activity and been weaker than that of APS. The results of immunological activity experiments indicated the stimulation index increased with APS-iron (III) complex concentration increase. When the concentration of the APS-iron (III) complex was 50 μg/mL, the lymphocytes proliferation increased by 35.7% compared with APS. APS-iron (III) complex also had better complement fixing activity than APS, 0.589 mg/mL of which achieved 50% complement fixing activities. Through the iron supplement experiments on iron-deficiency anemia mouse model, we found the APS-iron (III) complex faster increased hemoglobin concentration, SOD, CAT and faster decreased MDA to the normal level than Niferex and ferrous sulfate. Histological results revealed that the tissue sections were clear without obvious pathological changes and bone marrow had most hematopoietic cells from APS-iron (III) complex rat group, which also proved the APS-iron (III) complex had no significant side effects. Therefore, APS-iron (III) complex may be developed as a multifunctional iron supplement for clinical application.
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Cellulase-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Bioactivity against Rheumatoid Arthritis of Astragalus Polysaccharides. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8514247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cellulase on the isolation of crude Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), analyzed the monosaccharide component of deproteinized APS, detected the molecular weights of purified APS, and examined the biological activities and the preliminary mechanism against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Compared with water extraction method, cellulase-assisted extraction increased the yield of crude APS to 154% and polysaccharide contents to 121%. Crude APS was then purified by ethanol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; monosaccharide contents of APS were different after cellulase-assisted method, especially galacturonic acid content which significantly increased. DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography isolated three polysaccharide fractions, including a neutral polysaccharide (APS-water) and two acidic polysaccharides (APS-NaCl1 and APS-NaCl2). Using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), the molecular weights of APS-water, APS-NaCl1, and APS-NaCl2 were identified as 67.7 kDa, 234.1 kDa, and 189.4 kDa, respectively. Then their therapeutic effects and possible mechanism against RA were explored using type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. APS could significantly reduce paw swelling, serum concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 and IκBα in synovial membranes in CIA rats. Our study indicated that cellulase significantly increases the yield and polysaccharide contents of crude APS, improves the product quality, and preserves the biological features against RA in CIA rats.
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Chu Y, Fang Y, Chi J, Li J, Zhang D, Zou Y, Wang Z. Astragalus polysaccharides decrease proliferation, migration, and invasion but increase apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells by up-regulation of microRNA-133a. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7665. [PMID: 30462772 PMCID: PMC6247244 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) has a high incidence, malignity, and frequency of recurrence and metastasis. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential anti-cancer effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on human OS MG63 cells as well as underlying mechanisms. Viability of MG63 cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay to determine the adequate concentration of APS. Then, effects of APS on MG63 cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and migration and invasion were analyzed by BrdU incorporation, PI staining, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of proteins involved in these physiological processes were assessed by western blot analysis. Afterwards, miR-133a level in APS-treated cells was determined by qRT-PCR, and whether APS affected MG63 cells through regulation of miR-133a was determined. Finally, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway was detected. We found that APS treatment suppressed the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MG63 cells, as well as induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, APS enhanced the expression of miR-133a in MG63 cells. Knockdown of miR-133a reversed the APS treatment-induced MG63 cell proliferation, migration and invasion inhibition, as well as cell apoptosis. Furthermore, APS inactivated JNK pathway in MG63 cells. Knockdown of miR-133a reversed the APS treatment-induced inactivation of JNK pathway in MG63 cells. To conclude, APS repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion while induced apoptosis of OS MG63 cells by up-regulating miR-133a and then inactivating JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Chu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwei Chi
- Key Laboratory of Thyroidism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Laixi People's Hospital, Laixi, Shandong, China
| | - Yunwen Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Meng Q, Du X, Wang H, Gu H, Zhan J, Zhou Z. Astragalus polysaccharides inhibits cell growth and pro-inflammatory response in IL-1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes by enhancement of autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1138-1146. [PMID: 28660311 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hyperplastic growth of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and inflammatory response are pathological hallmarks of RA. It has been reported that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possess appreciable anti-inflammatory activity against adjuvant-induced arthritis. Nevertheless, little is known about the role and detailed mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of APS in RA. This study demonstrated that administration of APS dose-dependently impaired cell viability, increased cell apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 expression, increasing Bax expression and Caspase3 activity in IL-1β-stimulated RSC-364 cells and RA-FLS. Simultaneously, IL-1β-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly decreased after APS treatment. Furthermore, preconditioning with APS dramatically enhanced autophagy activity by increasing Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I expression coupled with decreasing p62 expression and augmenting the number of LC3 puncta in IL-1β-stimulated RSC-364 cells. More importantly, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partly abolished APS-triggered inhibitory effects on cell growth and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. APS also repressed the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in IL-1β-stimulated RSC-364 cells. Moreover, treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an activator of PI3K/Akt signaling, partly reversed the therapeutic effects of APS in IL-1β-stimulated RSC-364 cells. Collectively, we concluded that APS might attenuate the pathological progression of RA by exerting the pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in IL-1β-stimulated FLSs by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Meng
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhao Du
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilian Wang
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Gu
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhan
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism Branch, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City, 450002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Synthesis and evaluation of a novel water-soluble high Se-enriched Astragalus polysaccharide nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1438-1448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gong AGW, Duan R, Wang HY, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Chan K. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E46. [PMID: 29883402 PMCID: PMC6023478 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR), a Chinese materia medica (CMM) known as Huangqi, is an important medicine prescribed in herbal composite formulae (Fufang) by Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners for thousands of years. According to the literature, AR is suggested for patients suffering from “Qi”- and “Blood”-deficiencies, and its clinical effects are reported to be related to anti-cancer cell proliferation, anti-oxidation, relief of complications in cardiovascular diseases, etc. The underlying cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of these various diseases are presented here to support the mechanisms of action of AR. There are two botanical sources recorded in China Pharmacopoeia (CP, 2015): Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Var. mongohlicus, (Bge.) Hsiao, and Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae), whose extracts of dried roots are processed via homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction. Geographic factors and extraction methods have impacts on the pharmaceutical and chemical profiles of AR. Therefore, the levels of the major bioactive constituents of AR, including polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids, may not be consistent in different batches of extract, and the pharmaceutical efficacy of these bioactive ingredients may vary depending on the source. Therefore, the present review mainly focuses on the consistency of the available sources of AR and extracts and on the investigation of the biological functions and mechanisms of action of AR and of its major bioactive constituents. Furthermore, it will also include a discussion of the most popular AR composite formulae to further elucidate their chemical and biological profiles and understand the pharmaceutical value of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G W Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
| | - Ran Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Huai Y Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Xiang P Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 100044, China.
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, SRI, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3 AF, UK.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Liu AJ, Yu J, Ji HY, Zhang HC, Zhang Y, Liu HP. Extraction of a Novel Cold-Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus and Its Antitumor and Immunological Activities. Molecules 2017; 23:E62. [PMID: 29283407 PMCID: PMC6017583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides of Astragalus membranaceus have received extensive study and attention, but there have been few reports on the extraction of these polysaccharides using cold water (4 °C). In this study, we fractionated a novel cold-water-soluble polysaccharide (cAMPs-1A) from Astragalus membranaceus with a 92.00% carbohydrate content using a DEAE-cellulose 52 anion exchange column and a Sephadex G-100 column. Our UV, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance gel permeation chromatography, and ion chromatography analysis results indicated the monosaccharide composition of cAMPs-1A with 1.23 × 10⁴ Da molecular weight to be fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and xylose, with molar ratios of 0.01:0.06:0.20:1.00:0.06, respectively. The UV spectroscopy detected no protein and nucleic acid in cAMPs-1A. We used FTIR analysis to characterize the α-d-pyranoid configuration in cAMPs-1A. In addition, we performed animal experiments in vivo to evaluate the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of cAMPs-1A. The results suggested that cAMPs-1A oral administration could significantly inhibit tumor growth with the inhibitory rate of 20.53%, 36.50% and 44.49%, respectively, at the dosage of 75,150, and 300 mg/kg. Moreover, cAMPs-1A treatment could also effectively protect the immune organs, promote macrophage pinocytosis, and improve the percentages of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice. These findings demonstrate that the polysaccharide cAMPs-1A has an underlying application as natural antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Juan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hong-Cui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hui-Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Astragalus membranaceus-Polysaccharides Ameliorates Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis, Neuroinflammation and Cognition Impairment without Affecting Amyloid Deposition in Metabolically Stressed APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122746. [PMID: 29258283 PMCID: PMC5751345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the host defense system. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides is an effective component with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. In the present study, we determine the effects of Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides on metabolically stressed transgenic mice in order to develop this macromolecules for treatment of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease with metabolic risk factors. Transgenic mice, at 10 weeks old prior to the appearance of senile plaques, were treated in combination of administrating high-fat diet and injecting low-dose streptozotocin to create the metabolically stressed mice model. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides was administrated starting at 14 weeks for 7 weeks. We found that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides reduced metabolic stress-induced increase of body weight, insulin and insulin and leptin level, insulin resistance, and hepatic triglyceride. Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides also ameliorated metabolic stress-exacerbated oral glucose intolerance, although the fasting blood glucose was only temporally reduced. In brain, metabolic stress-elicited astrogliosis and microglia activation in the vicinity of plaques was also diminished by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. The plaque deposition, however, was not significantly affected by Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides administration. These findings suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-polysaccharides may be used to ameliorate metabolic stress-induced diabesity and the subsequent neuroinflammation, which improved the behavior performance in metabolically stressed transgenic mice.
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Chouana T, Pierre G, Vial C, Gardarin C, Wadouachi A, Cailleu D, Le Cerf D, Boual Z, Ould El Hadj M, Michaud P, Delattre C. Structural characterization and rheological properties of a galactomannan from Astragalus gombo Bunge seeds harvested in Algerian Sahara. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:387-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Inhibitory effect of Triperygium wilfordii polyglucoside on dipeptidyl peptidase I in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:466-470. [PMID: 29031206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), a lysosomal cysteine protease is derived from granule immune cells including mast cell, neutrophils, and toxicity T cells. DPPI can activate serine proteases by removal of dipeptides from N-termini of the pro-proteases, resulting in granule immune cells activation which involved in physiological or pathological responses. Triperygium Wilfordii Polyglucoside (TWP) is one of the traditional Chinese medicines, and commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. The present study intended to evaluate the effects of TWP on DPPI activity. METHODS In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to investigate the functions of TWP or triptolide (TP) on DPPI activities in serum, tissues of CIA rats. Rats were divided into five groups randomly: normal group, untreated CIA rat group, TWP treatment CIA groups (the low dose 2.5mg/100g body-weight and high dose 5mg/100g body-weight), and TP treatment CIA group (4μg/100g body-weight). Arthritis development was monitored visually, and joint pathology was examined radiologically. Total protein concentrations in synovial fluids (SFs) were determined by BCA method. Serums and tissue homogenates from CIA rats were collected and DPPI activities were detected using fluorescence substrate GF-AFC. The in vitro interactions between DPPI in serums or in tissue homogenates and TWP or TP were assessed. RESULTS TWP-treated CIA rats showed a significant improvement in bone erosion. TWP significantly suppressed paw swelling and total protein concentration in the SFs of CIA rats compared with untreated CIA rats. The elevated activities of DPPI in serums or tissues of CIA rats were significantly inhibited by TWP, but not by TP in vivo. The inhibitory effects of TWP on DPPI activities were also confirm by in vitro study. CONCLUSION One of the therapeutic functions of TWP in RA treatment could be inhibiting DPPI activity in serums and synovial tissue produced during RA development, and then reducing inflammatory serine proteases activities and further recovering CIA rats from RA symptoms.
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Hamid M, Liu D, Abdulrahim Y, Liu Y, Qian G, Khan A, Gan F, Huang K. Amelioration of CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by selenizing Astragalus polysaccharides: Role of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and hepatic stellate cells. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Maresca M, Micheli L, Cinci L, Bilia AR, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Pain relieving and protective effects of Astragalus hydroalcoholic extract in rat arthritis models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1858-1870. [PMID: 28960309 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The evaluation of the pharmacological profile of the dried 50% hydroalcoholic extract (50%HA) of Astragali radix in two different animal models of articular damage resembling osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was intra-articular injected (day 0) in the rat tibiotarsal joint to induce damages mimicking osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Pain measurements (responses to non-noxious and noxious stimuli, spontaneous pain, articular pain) were assessed on days 7 and 14. On day 14, the tibiotarsal joints were explanted in order to measure the diameter and to assess histological evaluations. Furthermore, the plasmatic concentrations of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured. KEY FINDINGS A single administration of 50%HA (300 mg/kg per os) significantly reduced both MIA-induced pain and CFA-induced pain (78% and 96% pain relief, respectively). The repeated administration prevented the development of hypersensitivity on day 14. The haematoxylin/eosin staining revealed that 50% HA attenuated joint alterations in MIA-injected rats, and furthermore, the joint inflammatory infiltrate was reduced in both models (by about 50%). In CFA-treated rats, 50%HA lowered the plasmatic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α as well as the joint diameter. CONCLUSIONS The 50% hydroalcoholic extract of Astragali radix is a valuable candidate for the adjuvant treatment of articular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Maresca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section,, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section,, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section,, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section,, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba - Pharmacology and Toxicology Section,, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Xu T, Pi Z, Liu S, Song F, Liu Z. Chemical Profiling Combined with "Omics" Technologies (CP-Omics): a Strategy to Understand the Compatibility Mechanisms and Simplify Herb Formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicines. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:381-391. [PMID: 28387961 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The compatibility mechanisms of formulas in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are indistinct. In order to better understand the compatibility mechanisms and the quality control of the formulas, it is necessary to simplify formulas in TCM research. OBJECTIVE Developing a novel method by multi-analysing the contents of different compounds in formula and inferred simplified formula simultaneously. METHODOLOGY Chemical profiling combined with "omics" technologies (CP-omics) was employed in the present study. Wu-tou Tang (WTT) was taken as an example to elucidate the workflow. We used high definition mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition methods to analyse WTT and eight herb combinations derived from it. By analysing the content variation of the compounds, the inter compatibility mechanisms of WTT was explained. Cluster analysis classified the herb combinations and inferred a simplified formula. RESULTS It was found that Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata and Ephedrae Herba could reduce the contents of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids; Ephedrae Herba could increase the contents of triterpene saponins and monoterpene glycosides in WTT. Through the overall comparison, Aconiti Radix Preparata combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba combined with Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata have a similar chemical profiling with WTT. We inferred that a new simplified prescription composed of Aconiti Radix Preparata, Ephedrae Herba and Glycyrrhiza Radix Preparata should also have a good clinical effect. At last, pharmacological results confirmed that the new herb combination possesses similar anti-inflammatory activities to WTT. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the CP-omics has great advantages in pharmaceutical discovery and optimising complex formulas in TCM. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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Polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. leaves enhances absorption of endogenous calcium, and elevates cecal calcium transport protein levels and serum cytokine levels in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Astragalus polysaccharides exerts immunomodulatory effects via TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44822. [PMID: 28303957 PMCID: PMC5355992 DOI: 10.1038/srep44822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), which is widely used as a remedy to promote immunity of breast cancer patients, can enhance immune responses and exert anti-tumor effects. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of APS on macrophage RAW 264.7 and EAC tumor-bearing mice. Griess reaction and ELISA assays revealed that the concentrations of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased by APS. However, this effect was diminished in the presence of TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) or ST-2825(MyD88 inhibitor). In C57BL/10J (TLR4+/+wild-type) and C57BL/6J (MyD88+/+wild-type) tumor-bearing mice, the tumor apoptosis rate, immune organ indexes and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in blood increased and the tumor weight decreased by oral administration of APS for 25 days. APS had no obvious effects on IL-12p70. However, these effects were not significant in C57BL/10ScNJ (TLR4-deficient) and C57BL/B6.129P2(SJL)-Myd88m1.1Defr/J (MyD88-deficient) tumor-bearing mice. qRT-PCR and Western blot indicated that APS stimulated the key nodes in the TLR4-MyD88 dependent signaling pathway, including TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, NF-κB and AP-1, both in vitro and in vivo. However, TRAM was an exception. Moreover, TRAF-6 and NF-κB were not triggered by APS in gene-deficient tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, APS may modulate immunity of host organism through activation of TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.
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Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40440. [PMID: 28071725 PMCID: PMC5223157 DOI: 10.1038/srep40440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections and its mechanism in vivo and vitro. First, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: a group without PCV2 infection and groups with PCV2 infections at 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg APS treatments. The trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that APS treatments at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the pathological injury of tissues, inhibited PCV2 infection and decreased glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and GADD153/CHOP gene mRNA and protein expression significantly (P < 0.05). Second, a study on endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanism was carried out in PK15 cells. APS treatments at 15 and 45 μg/mL significantly reduced PCV2 infection and GRP78 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). Tunicamycin supplementation increased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly attenuated the APS-induced inhibition of PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid supplementation decreased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly inhibited PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). In addition, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: Con, PCV2, APS + PCV2, TM + PCV2 and TM + APS + PCV2. The results were similar to those in PK15 cells. Taken together, it could be concluded that APS suppresses PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Li J, Wei Y, Li X, Zhu D, Nie B, Zhou J, Lou L, Dong B, Wu A, Che Y, Chen M, Zhu L, Mu M, Chai L. Herbal formula Xian-Fang-Huo-Ming-Yin regulates differentiation of lymphocytes and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in collagen-induced arthritis mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28056922 PMCID: PMC5216578 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Xian-Fang-Huo-Ming-Yin (XFHM), a traditional herbal formula, has been used to treat sores and carbuncles for hundreds of years in Asia. Nowadays, its clinical effects in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been validated. In this study, we want to study its possible molecular mechanisms of regulating the differentiation of lymphocytes and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice for RA treatment. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI/MSn) system was used to analyze the constituents of XFHM granules. An arthritics mouse model was induced by collagen and leflunomide (LEF) was used as a positive control medicine. Pathological changes at the metatarsophalangeal joint were studied through Safranin O and immunohistochemical staining. The differentiation of T, B and NK cells was examined by flow cytometry and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed using an Inflammation Antibody Array assay. The expression of key molecules of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways in spleen were studied by western-blot analysis. Results In our study. 21 different dominant chemical constituents were identified in XFHM. Treatment with XFHM suppressed the pathological changes in arthrosis of CIA. Additionally, XFHM down-regulated the proliferation and differentiation of CD3+ T cells and CD3−CD19+ B cells significantly. However, XFHM had no significant effect on CD3−NK1.1+ NK cells. Further study showed that the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines had been suppressed by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling. Conclusions XFHM can regulate and maintain the immunologic balance of lymphocytic immunity and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus suppressing the pathological changes of RA. Therefore, XFHM may be used as an application of traditional medicine against RA in modern complementary and alternative therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1526-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Components in Guanjiekang in Rat Plasma via the UPLC-MS/MS Method and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121732. [PMID: 27999285 PMCID: PMC6272869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanjiekang (GJK) that is formed by five medicinal herbs including Astragali Radix, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Corydalis Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Alba was used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of active components in GJK remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of seven representative active constituents in GJK (i.e., benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, paeoniflorin, tetrahydropalmatine, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin and isoliquiritigenin) after oral administration of GJK in rats. A rapid, sensitive and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of these seven constituents in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution program that consists of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. Detection was performed under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R² > 0.99) over a wide concentration range for all constituents. The accuracies ranged from 92.9% to 107.8%, and the intra-day and inter-day precisions at three different levels were below 15%. Our PK results showed that these seven compounds were quickly absorbed after the administration of the GJK product, and Tmax ranged from 30 min to 189 min. The in vivo concentrations of paeoniflorin and isoliquiritigenin were significantly higher than the reported in vitro effective doses, indicating that they could partly contribute to the therapeutic effect of GJK. Therefore, we conclude that pharmacokinetic studies of representative bioactive chemicals after administration of complex herbal products are not only necessary but also feasible. Moreover, these seven compounds that were absorbed in vivo can be used as indicator standards for quality control and for determining pharmacokinetic behavior of herbal medicines in clinical studies.
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Lu Q, Xu L, Meng Y, Liu Y, Li J, Zu Y, Zhu M. Preparation and characterization of a novel Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide-iron (III) complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:208-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiang Y, Qi X, Gao K, Liu W, Li N, Cheng N, Ding G, Huang W, Wang Z, Xiao W. Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:755-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effect of Xinfeng capsule on nuclear factor Kappa B/tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta 1/Smads pathways in rats with cardiac injuries induced by adjuvant arthritis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:92-100. [PMID: 26946625 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(16)30014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of Xinfeng capsule (XFC) on cardiac function in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and explore the mechanism of these effects. METHODS Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), model control (MC), methotrexate (MTX) and XFC groups of equal size. In all groups except for the NC group, 0.1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was intracutaneously injected in the right rear vola pedis to induce inflammation. Drugs were applied beginning 19 days after induction of inflammation. Normal saline was administered to the NC and MC groups and 1 mg/ 100 g MTX (weekly) and 0.12 g/100 g XFC (daily) to the MTX and XFC groups, respectively. Rats were sacrificed after 30 day of treatment. Toe swelling degree (TSD), arthritis index (Al), cardiac function and expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads pathway proteins were measured. RESULTS In the MC group, TSD and Al were greatly increased, while parameters of cardiac function were decreased and morphological analysis showed myocardial cell damage. Expression of TNF-α, NF-KB, Smad2, P-Smad2, Smad4 and TGF-β1 proteins were elevated in cardiac tissue, while Smad7 expression was decreased. TSD and Al values closely correlated to parameters of cardiac function and to levels of proteins in the NF-κB/TNF-α and TGF-β1/Smads pathways. Certain correlations were identified among TGF-β1 and NF-KB, Smad2, P-Smad2 and Smad4. With XFC intervention, both TSD and Al were decreased and parameters of cardiac function and ultrastructure of myocardial cells improved. Expressions of NF-κB, Smad2, and Smad4 proteins were greatly decreased and Smad7 expression was elevated, as compared with levels in the MC and MTX groups. CONCLUSION XFC regulates expression of proteins in the NF-KB/TNF-α and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, decreases immune complex deposition in cardiac tissue and improves cardiac function in AA rats via upregulation of Smad7.
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Wei W, Xiao HT, Bao WR, Ma DL, Leung CH, Han XQ, Ko CH, Lau CBS, Wong CK, Fung KP, Leung PC, Bian ZX, Han QB. TLR-4 may mediate signaling pathways of Astragalus polysaccharide RAP induced cytokine expression of RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:243-252. [PMID: 26743224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polysaccharides of Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge.; Huangqi) are able to induce cytokine production of macrophages and are considered the main active ingredient for the immune-enhancing effect of this commonly used medicinal herb. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the molecular mechanism of immunomodulating activities of a reported Astragalus polysaccharide, RAP, which is a hyperbranched heteroglycan with average molecular weight of 1334kDa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells were analyzed by using ELISA assays while cell viability was assessed by MTT method. Western blot analysis was used for determining protein contents of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In addition, the level of IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS It has been found that RAP itself did not have any cytotoxic effect on mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells, but it significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of the supernatant of RAW264.7cells on 4T1 cells. Furthermore, RAP enhanced the production of NO and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells, and significantly up-regulated gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS. All these bioactivities were blocked by the inhibitor of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), suggesting that TLR4 is a receptor of RAP and mediates its immunomodulating activity. Further analyses demonstrated that RAP rapidly activated TLR4-related MAPKs, including phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated JNK, and phosphorylated p38, and induced translocation of NF-κB as well as degradation of IκB-α. These results are helpful to better understand the immunomodulating effects of Radix Astragali. CONCLUSIONS RAP may induce cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells through TLR4-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Rong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Akramas L, Leonavičienė L, Vasiliauskas A, Bradūnaitė R, Vaitkienė D, Zabulytė D, Normantienė T, Lukošius A, Jonauskienė I. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of herbal preparation EM 1201 in adjuvant arthritic rats. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2016; 51:368-77. [PMID: 26739679 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to examine the anti-arthritic and antioxidant effects of herbal and active organic ingredient complex (EM 1201) in rats with experimental adjuvant arthritis (AA). MATERIALS AND METHODS AA was induced in 30 male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left hind paw. The course of disease in 30 rats in response to the treatment with EM 1201 and diclofenac, the parameters including body weight, joint swelling, blood indices pro-/antioxidant status of blood serum, and histology of joints and the liver, were investigated. RESULTS Preparation EM 1201 showed anti-inflammatory effect analogous to diclofenac, improved blood indices, significantly decreased joint swelling and histological changes in them. Joint swelling was suppressed by 29%-42.8% and 9.3%-34.4% in response to administration of EM 1201 and diclofenac during the entire experiment. Both preparations significantly suppressed pannus formation, general inflammatory reaction and edema in soft periarticular tissues and synovium, diminished MDA level and elevated AOA in the blood serum. Significantly lower absolute and relative weight of the liver and lower dystrophic processes in it, and general inflammatory infiltration of hepatic stroma proved the positive effect of treatment with EM 1201. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that EM 1201 has protective activity against arthritis and demonstrated its potential beneficiary effect analogical to diclofenac. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of EM 1201 in rats with AA support the need of further investigations by using it as supplementary agent alone or together with other anti-arthritic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laimis Akramas
- Pharmaceutical Research Company "Aksada" UAB, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laima Leonavičienė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Rūta Bradūnaitė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Vaitkienė
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danguolė Zabulytė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Teresa Normantienė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audronis Lukošius
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Jonauskienė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lü S, Wang Q, Li G, Sun S, Guo Y, Kuang H. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using Chinese medicinal plants: From pharmacology to potential molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:177-206. [PMID: 26471289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) achieved some results to some extent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Especially in China, TCM formulas are used in the clinic because of their advantages. Some of these TCM formulas have been used for thousands of years in ancient China, they pays much attention to strengthening healthy qi, cleaning heat, and wet, activating blood, etc. So TCM in anti-RA drug is considered as a simple and effective method. In addition, TCM are also traditionally used as extracts and many Chinese herbs which are considered to be effective for RA. With the advancement of technologies and research methods, researchers have devoted themselves to exploring new therapeutic materials from troves of TCM. The components of TCM are identified and purified, which include alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and so on. However, little or no review works are found in the research literature on the anti-RA drugs from TCM. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of TCM used traditionally against RA. The information recorded in this review will provide new directions for researchers in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant scientific literatures were collected from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Several important pharmacology data, clinical observations, animal experiments on effects of anti-RA drugs from TCM and their mechanisms were extracted from a library and electric search (Pubmed, PubChem Compound, Science Direct, Spring Link, Elsevier, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang, Bai du, The Plant List, etc.). We collected information published between 2002 and 2015 on Chinese medicine in the treatment of RA. Information was also acquired from local classic herbal literature, conference papers, government reports, and PhD and MSc dissertations. RESULTS This review mainly introduces the current research on anti-RA TCM formulas, extracts and compounds from TCM, pharmacological data and potential mechanisms (inhibit osteoclast proliferation, suppress fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) growth, decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, blocking signal pathways, etc.). CONCLUSIONS TCM, as a multi-component and multi-target approach, which is a perfect match with the holistic concept of systems biology, is applicable in the treatment of RA. The synergistic connections of Chinese herbs and mechanisms of related active compounds on RA increase the trust for TCM. TCM as alternative remedies for RA not only has an important position in the world market, but also has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of RA in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowa Lü
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guoyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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Pu X, Ma X, Liu L, Ren J, Li H, Li X, Yu S, Zhang W, Fan W. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from angelica and astragalus. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 137:154-164. [PMID: 26686116 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of a fraction (AAP-2A) of polysaccharides from angelica and astragalus (AAP) were investigated. Characteriztion assay showed that AAP-2A had molecular weight (Mw), root-mean square (RMS) radius and polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of 2.252 × 10(3)kDa, 28.4 nm and 1.038, respectively. There were infrared characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides in FT-IR spectroscopy. AAP-2A was composed of rhamnose (Rha), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 1:2.13:3.22:6.18 in GC analysis. Methylation analysis combined with NMR spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that a preliminary structure of AAP-2A was proposed as follows: 1,3-linked Rhap, 1,3-linked Galp, 1,3-linked Araf, 1,5-linked Araf, 1,3,5-linked Araf, 1,4-linked Glcp and 1,4,6-linked Glcp interspersed with terminal Glcp. AAP-2A exhibited a surface with a sheet-like appearance in scanning electron microscope and stronger antioxidant capacity compared with AAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Haibing Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wenbo Fan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; The Key Lab of Screening, Evaluated and Advanced Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibetan Medicine, Gansu Educational Department, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Xue H, Gan F, Zhang Z, Hu J, Chen X, Huang K. Astragalus polysaccharides inhibits PCV2 replication by inhibiting oxidative stress and blocking NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:22-30. [PMID: 26226456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), as one kind of biological macromolecule extracted from Astragalus, has antiviral activities. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of APS on PCV2 replication in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that adding APS before PCV2 infection decreased significantly PCV2 DNA copies, the number of infected cells, MDA level, ROS level and NF-κB activation in PK15 cells and increased significantly GSH contents and SOD activity compared to control without APS. Oxidative stress induced by BSO could eliminate the effect of PCV2 replication inhibition by APS. LPS, as a NF-κB activator, could attenuate the effect of PCV2 replication inhibition by APS. BAY 11-7082, as a NF-κB inhibitor, could increase the effect of PCV2 replication inhibition by APS. In conclusion, APS inhibits PCV2 replication by decreasing oxidative stress and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, which suggests that APS might be employed for the prevention of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zheqian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Junfa Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liu Y, Lv J, Yang B, Liu F, Tian Z, Cai Y, Yang D, Ouyang J, Sun F, Shi Y, Xia P. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:318-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Astragaloside IV inhibits NF- κ B activation and inflammatory gene expression in LPS-treated mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:274314. [PMID: 25960613 PMCID: PMC4415625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/274314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus, in LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in mice in vivo and examined possible underlying mechanisms. Mice were assigned to four groups: vehicle-treated control animals; AS-IV-treated animals (10 mg/kg b.w. AS-IV daily i.p. injection for 6 days); LPS-treated animals; and AS-IV plus LPS-treated animals. We found that AS-IV treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in serum levels of MCP-1 and TNF by 82% and 49%, respectively. AS-IV also inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory gene expression in different organs. Lung mRNA levels of cellular adhesion molecules, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-6, and TLR4 were significantly attenuated, and lung neutrophil infiltration and activation were strongly inhibited, as reflected by decreased myeloperoxidase content, when the mice were pretreated with AS-IV. Similar results were observed in heart, aorta, kidney, and liver. Furthermore, AS-IV significantly suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB and AP-1 DNA-binding activities in lung and heart. In conclusion, our data provide new in vivo evidence that AS-IV effectively inhibits LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses by modulating NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Our results suggest that AS-IV may be useful for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhang B, Liu C, Guo Q, Sun Y, Wang D, Wang C, Jiang Y, Lin N, Li S. Uncovering pharmacological mechanisms of Wu-tou decoction acting on rheumatoid arthritis through systems approaches: drug-target prediction, network analysis and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9463. [PMID: 25820382 PMCID: PMC4377576 DOI: 10.1038/srep09463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wu-tou decoction (WTD) has been extensively used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to lack of appropriate methods, pharmacological mechanisms of WTD acting on RA have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a list of putative targets for compositive compounds containing in WTD were predicted by drugCIPHER-CS. Then, the interaction network of the putative targets of WTD and known RA-related targets was constructed and hub nodes were identified. After constructing the interaction network of hubs, four topological features of each hub, including degree, node betweenness, closeness and k-coreness, were calculated and 79 major hubs were identified as candidate targets of WTD, which were implicated into the imbalance of the nervous, endocrine and immune (NEI) systems, leading to the main pathological changes during the RA progression. Further experimental validation also demonstrated the preventive effects of WTD on inflammation and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and its regulatory effects on candidate targets both in vitro and in vivo systems. In conclusion, we performed an integrative analysis to offer the convincing evidence that WTD may attenuate RA partially by restoring the balance of NEI system and subsequently reversing the pathological events during RA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ming Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology &Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chunfang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanqun Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yini Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shao Li
- 1] Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China [2] MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in microglial cells: regulation of protein kinase B and nuclear factor-κB signaling. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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