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Martchenko Shilman M, Bartolo G, Alameh S, Peterson JW, Lawrence WS, Peel JE, Sivasubramani SK, Beasley DWC, Cote CK, Demons ST, Halasahoris SA, Miller LL, Klimko CP, Shoe JL, Fetterer DP, McComb R, Ho CLC, Bradley KA, Hartmann S, Cheng LW, Chugunova M, Kao CY, Tran JK, Derbedrossian A, Zilbermintz L, Amali-Adekwu E, Levitin A, West J. In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2176-2191. [PMID: 34218660 PMCID: PMC8369491 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis and can result in nearly 100% mortality due in part to anthrax toxin. Antimalarial amodiaquine (AQ) acts as a host-oriented inhibitor of anthrax toxin endocytosis. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetics and safety of AQ in mice, rabbits, and humans as well as the efficacy in the fly, mouse, and rabbit models of anthrax infection. In the therapeutic-intervention studies, AQ nearly doubled the survival of mice infected subcutaneously with a B. anthracis dose lethal to 60% of the animals (LD60). In rabbits challenged with 200 LD50 of aerosolized B. anthracis, AQ as a monotherapy delayed death, doubled the survival rate of infected animals that received a suboptimal amount of antibacterial levofloxacin, and reduced bacteremia and toxemia in tissues. Surprisingly, the anthrax efficacy of AQ relies on an additional host macrophage-directed antibacterial mechanism, which was validated in the toxin-independent Drosophila model of Bacillus infection. Lastly, a systematic literature review of the safety and pharmacokinetics of AQ in humans from over 2 000 published articles revealed that AQ is likely safe when taken as prescribed, and its pharmacokinetics predicts anthrax efficacy in humans. Our results support the future examination of AQ as adjunctive therapy for the prophylactic anthrax treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Martchenko Shilman
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
- Shield Pharma LLC, 1420 North Claremont Boulevard, Suite 102A, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Gloria Bartolo
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Saleem Alameh
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Johnny W. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - William S. Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Peel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Satheesh K. Sivasubramani
- Directorate of Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 2728 Q Street, Building 837, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David W. C. Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Christopher K. Cote
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Samandra T. Demons
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Halasahoris
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lynda L. Miller
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Christopher P. Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Shoe
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David P. Fetterer
- Biostatistics Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ryan McComb
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chi-Lee C. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Stella Hartmann
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Marina Chugunova
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont Graduate University (CGU), 150 East 10th Street, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Chiu-Yen Kao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Claremont McKenna College (CMC), 888 North Columbia Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Tran
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Aram Derbedrossian
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Leeor Zilbermintz
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Emiene Amali-Adekwu
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Anastasia Levitin
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Joel West
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute (KGI), 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, California 91711, United States
- Shield Pharma LLC, 1420 North Claremont Boulevard, Suite 102A, Claremont, California 91711, United States
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Shuai Y, Wang J, Jiang H, Yu Y, Jin L. Oral-maxillofacial adverse events related to antimalarials. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1376-1382. [PMID: 32497401 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a worldwide parasitic disease, which affects millions of lives every year. Various medications are recommended by WHO for prevention and treatment of malaria. However, adverse events caused by antimalarials were frequently reported, some of which were severe and fatal. Disorders of many organs related to antimalarials have been well recognized, whereas few studies concentrated on the relationship between antimalarials and oral-maxillofacial system health. Current review generalized the relevance of antimalarials to the health of oral-maxillofacial part and raised an urgent need to form a standard management for antimalarial-related oral-maxillofacial adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Junlan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, PLA, Nanjing, China
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