1
|
Ghosh S, Malik YS. Drawing Comparisons between SARS-CoV-2 and the Animal Coronaviruses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1840. [PMID: 33238451 PMCID: PMC7700164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel zoonotic coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV-2, has infected 46,182 million people, resulting in 1,197,026 deaths (as of 1 November 2020), with devastating and far-reaching impacts on economies and societies worldwide. The complex origin, extended human-to-human transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and various clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 have presented serious challenges in understanding and combating the pandemic situation. Human CoVs gained attention only after the SARS-CoV outbreak of 2002-2003. On the other hand, animal CoVs have been studied extensively for many decades, providing a plethora of important information on their genetic diversity, transmission, tissue tropism and pathology, host immunity, and therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, some of which have striking resemblance to those seen with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the evolution of human CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, is intermingled with those of animal CoVs. In this comprehensive review, attempts have been made to compare the current knowledge on evolution, transmission, pathogenesis, immunopathology, therapeutics, and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 with those of various animal CoVs. Information on animal CoVs might enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2, and accordingly, benefit the development of effective control and prevention strategies against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana 141004, India;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv C, Shi T, Zhu P, Peng X, Cao S, Yan Y, Ojha NK, Liao M, Zhou J. Construction of an infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strain carrying chimeric S1 gene of a virulent isolate and its pathogenicity analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8427-8437. [PMID: 32813067 PMCID: PMC7434845 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a member of genus gamma-coronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Reverse genetics is a common technique to study the biological characteristics of viruses. So far, there is no BAC reverse genetic system available for rescue of IBV infectious clone. In the present study, a new strategy for the construction of IBV infectious cDNA clone was established. The full-length genomic cDNA of IBV vaccine strain H120 was constructed in pBAC vector from four IBV fragment subcloning vectors by homologous recombination, which contained the CMV promoter at the 5′ end and the hepatitis D virus ribozyme (HDVR) sequence and bovine growth hormone polyadenylation (BGH) sequence after the polyA tail at the 3′ end of the full-length cDNA. Subsequently, using the same technique, another plasmid pBAC-H120/SCS1 was also constructed, in which S1 gene from IBV H120 strain was replaced with that of a virulent SC021202 strain. Recombinant virus rH120 and rH120/SCS1 were rescued by transfecting the plasmids into BHK cells and passaged in embryonated chicken eggs. Finally, the pathogenicity of both the recombinant virus strains rH120 and rH120/SCS1 was evaluated in SPF chickens. The results showed that the chimeric rH120/SCS1 strain was not pathogenic compared with the wild-type IBV SC021202 strain and the chickens inoculated with rH120/SCS1 could resist challenge infection by IBV SC021202. Taken together, our results indicate that BAC reverse genetic system could be used to rescue IBV in vitro and IBV S1 protein alone might not be the key factor for IBV pathogenicity. Key points • BAC vector was used to construct IBV full-length cDNA by homologous recombination. • Based on four subcloning vectors, a recombinant chimeric IBV H120/SCS1 was constructed and rescued. • Pathogenicity of H120/SCS1 was similar to that of H120, but different to that of SC021202.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangshang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Nishant Kumar Ojha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu P, Lv C, Fang C, Peng X, Sheng H, Xiao P, Kumar Ojha N, Yan Y, Liao M, Zhou J. Heat Shock Protein Member 8 Is an Attachment Factor for Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1630. [PMID: 32765462 PMCID: PMC7381282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the first coronavirus identified, little is known about which membrane protein of host cells could interact with IBV spike protein and facilitate the infection by the virus. In this study, by using a monoclonal antibody to the S1 protein of IBV M41 strain, we found that heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) could interact with spike protein of IBV. HSPA8 was found to be present on the cell membrane and chicken tissues, with highest expression level in the kidney. Results of co-IP and GST-pull-down assays indicated that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of IBV M41 could interact with HSPA8. The results of binding blocking assay and infection inhibition assay showed that recombinant protein HSPA8 and antibody to HSPA8 could inhibit IBV M41 infection of chicken embryonic kidney (CEK) cells. Further, we found that HSPA8 interacted with the N-terminal 19–272 amino acids of S1 of IBV Beaudette, H120 and QX strains and HSPA8 from human and pig also interacted with IBV M41-RBD. Finally the results of binding blocking assay and infection inhibition assay showed that recombinant HSPA8 protein and antibody to HSPA8 could inhibit IBV Beaudette strain infection of Vero cells that were treated with heparanase to remove heparan sulfate from the cell surface. Taken together, our results indicate that HSPA8 is a novel host factor involved in IBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengxiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nishant Kumar Ojha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou N, Wang F, Duan Z, Xia J, Wen X, Yan Q, Liu P, Cao S, Huang Y. Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the S1 subunit protein of QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus strain Sczy3. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:17-24. [PMID: 25723279 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2014.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease in chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The present study was carried out with the aim to develop anti-spike 1 (S1) subunit monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that could react with IBV strains of different genotypes. The high antigenicity region of S1 gene of an QX-like IBV strain Sczy3 was amplified and ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a(+), and the recombinant His-S1 fusion proteins were expressed and purified. The purified whole viral antigen of Sczy3 strain was used to immunize BALB/c mice to produce hybridoma-secreting anti-IBV MAbs. Eleven anti-IBV MAbs were generated, and two MAbs 1C8 and 2C10 were positive in indirect ELISA against both His-S1 protein and the purified whole viral antigen. These two MAbs showed positive reaction with IBV in Western blot, and the isotype were both IgM. These two MAbs react specifically with IBV but not with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9 or H5, and could cross-react with other 10 IBV strains in five different genotypes. End-point neutralizing assay performed in chicken embro kidney (CEK) cells revealed that the neutralization titer of 1C8 and 2C10 against Sczy3 reached 1:2.82 and 1:4.70, respectively. The anti-S1 MAbs produced in the present work may be valuable in developing an antigen-capture ELISA test for antigen detection or a competitive ELISA test for antibody detection or therapeutic medicine for IB in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianli Zou
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zou N, Xia J, Wang F, Duan Z, Miao D, Yan Q, Cao S, Wen X, Liu P, Huang Y. Two novel neutralizing antigenic epitopes of the s1 subunit protein of a QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus strain Sczy3 as revealed using a phage display peptide library. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:49-55. [PMID: 26315775 PMCID: PMC7127571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) plays a central role in the pathogenicity, the immune antibody production, serotype and the tissue tropism. In this study, we generate 11 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against S1 subunit of IBV Sczy3 strain, and two mAbs 1D5 and 6A12 were positive in indirect ELISA against both His-S1 protein and the purified whole viral antigen. MAb 6A12 and 1D5 could recognized by other 10 IBV strains (IBVs) from five different genotypes, except that 1D5 had a relatively low reaction with two of the 10 tested IBVs. End-point neutralizing assay performed in chicken embro kidney (CEK) cells revealed that the neutralization titer of 6A12 and 1D5 against Sczy3 reached 1:44.7 and 1:40.6, respectively. After screening a phage display peptide library and peptide scanning, we identified two linear B-cell epitopes that were recognized by the mAbs 1D5 and 6A12, which corresponded to the amino acid sequences (87)PPQGMAW(93) and (412)IQTRTEP(418), respectively, in the IBV S1 subunit. Sequences comparison revealed that epitope (412)IQTRTEP(418) was conserved among IBVs, while the epitope (87)PPQGMAW(93) was relatively variable among IBVs. The novel mAbs and the epitopes identified will be useful for developing diagnostic assays for IBV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianli Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Zigong Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Zi'gong, Sichuan, 643000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Dan Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang R, De Y, Yang X, Wang C, Wu Q. Development of an improved competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody against lipopolysaccharide for the detection of bovine brucellosis. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:118. [PMID: 25993986 PMCID: PMC4438517 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis, and serological tests are routinely used in brucellosis control and eradication programs. In order to improve the accuracy of serological diagnostic method used in bovine brucellosis detection, this study developed an improved competitive ELISA with higher specificity and good sensitivity. Results This study prepared 12 monoclonal antibodies against smooth Brucella lipopolysaccharide. One monoclonal antibody 3 F9, presented C epitope specificity, was used to develop a competitive ELISA for the serological detection of bovine brucellosis. The competitive ELISA, a commercial competitive ELISA kit, the rose-bengal plate agglutination test, and a microplate agglutination test were all used in the detection of 6 hyperimmune antisera against other commonly cross-reacted bacterial pathogens and 110 clinical bovine serum samples. The results of the test comparisons indicated that the competitive ELISA had higher specificity than the commercial competitive ELISA kit and RBT, and comparable sensitivity with the commercial ELISA kit. Conclusions This study provided a valuable detection tool with high specificity and good sensitivity, which prevent the wrong-culling of bovines in the eradication campaigns of bovine brucellosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0436-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Zhumadian Animal Disease Control Center, Zhumadian, China.
| | - Limei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanyan De
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antibody to VP4 protein is an indicator discriminating pathogenic and nonpathogenic IBDV infection. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1964-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|