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Dobrut A, Siemińska I, Sroka-Oleksiak A, Drożdż K, Sobońska J, Mroczkowska U, Brzychczy-Włoch M. Molecular and phenotypic identification of bacterial species isolated from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:193. [PMID: 38734661 PMCID: PMC11088075 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide and it generates substantial losses for dairy farmers. Mastitis may be caused by bacteria, fungi or algae. The most common species isolated from infected milk are, among others, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci. The aim of this paper is to determine the frequency of occurrence of bacterial species in milk samples from cows with mastitis from three regions of Poland: the north-east, the south-west and the south. To this end 203 milk samples taken from cows with a clinical form (CM) of mastitis (n = 100) and healthy animals (n = 103) were examined, which included culture on an appropriate medium followed by molecular detection of E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, as one of the most common species isolated from mastitis milk. RESULTS The results obtained indicated that S. uberis was the most commonly cultivated CM species (38%, n = 38), followed by S. aureus (22%, n = 22), E. coli (21%, n = 21) and S. agalactiae (18%, n = 18). Similar frequencies in molecular methods were obtained for S. uberis (35.1%) and S. aureus (28.0%). The variation of sensitivity of both methods may be responsible for the differences in the E. coli (41.0%, p = 0.002) and S. agalactiae (5.0%, p = 0.004) detection rates. Significant differences in composition of species between three regions of Poland were noted for E. coli incidence (p < 0.001), in both the culture and molecular methods, but data obtained by the PCR method indicated that this species was the least common in north-eastern Poland, while the culture method showed that in north-eastern Poland E. coli was the most common species. Significant differences for the molecular method were also observed for S. uberis (p < 0.001) and S. aureus (p < 0.001). Both species were most common in southern and south-western Poland. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm the need to introduce rapid molecular tests for veterinary diagnostics, as well as providing important epidemiological data, to the best of our knowledge data on Polish cows in selected areas of Poland is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobrut
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Izabela Siemińska
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sroka-Oleksiak
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Drożdż
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobońska
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Zheng X, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Teng D, Wang J. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial peptide NZX in Staphylococcus aureus mastitis mouse model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:260. [PMID: 38472422 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is associated with dairy mastitis, which causes serious economic losses to dairy farming industry. Antibacterial peptide NZX showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of NZX against S. aureus-induced mouse mastitis. NZX exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activity against the test S. aureus strains (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.23-0.46 μM), low mutant prevention concentration (MPC: 1.18-3.68 μM), and a long post antibiotic effect (PAE: 2.20-8.84 h), which was superior to those of lincomycin and ceftiofur. Antibacterial mechanisms showed that NZX could penetrate the cell membrane, resulting in obvious cell membrane perforation and morphological changes, and bind to intracellular DNA. Furthermore, NZX had a good stability in milk environment (retention rate: 85.36%, 24 h) than that in mammary homogenate (47.90%, 24 h). In mouse mastitis model, NZX (25-400 μg/gland) could significantly reduce the bacterial load of mammary tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, NZX (100 μg/gland) could relieve the inflammatory symptoms of mammary tissue, and significantly decreased its pathological scores. The concentration-time curve of NZX (100 μg/gland) in the mammary tissue was plotted and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartment model calculation. Those parameters of Tmax, T1/2, Cmax and AUC were 0.5 h, 35.11 h, 32.49 μg/g and 391 μg·h/g, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that NZX could act as a promising candidate for treating dairy mastitis disease caused by S. aureus. KEY POINTS: • NZX could kill S. aureus by dual mechanism involved in membrane and DNA disruption • NZX could relieve S. aureus-induced mouse mastitis • Pharmacokinetic parameters of NZX in mouse mammary gland were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Zheng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Wiśniewski P, Gajewska J, Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W. Identification of the Enterotoxigenic Potential of Staphylococcus spp. from Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheeses. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 38251234 PMCID: PMC10819113 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to genotypic and phenotypic analyses of the enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw milk and raw milk cheeses. The presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), including the classical enterotoxins (sea-see), non-classical enterotoxins (seg-seu), exfoliative toxins (eta-etd) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst-1) were investigated. Isolates positive for classical enterotoxin genes were then tested by SET-RPLA methods for toxin expression. Out of 75 Staphylococcus spp. (19 Staphylococcus aureus and 56 CoNS) isolates from raw milk (49/65.3%) and raw milk cheese samples (26/34.7%), the presence of enterotoxin genes was confirmed in 73 (97.3%) of them. Only one isolate from cheese sample (1.3%) was able to produce enterotoxin (SED). The presence of up to eight different genes encoding enterotoxins was determined simultaneously in the staphylococcal genome. The most common toxin gene combination was sek, eta present in fourteen isolates (18.7%). The tst-1 gene was present in each of the analyzed isolates from cheese samples (26/34.7%). Non-classical enterotoxins were much more frequently identified in the genome of staphylococcal isolates than classical SEs. The current research also showed that genes tagged in S. aureus were also identified in CoNS, and the total number of different genes detected in CoNS was seven times higher than in S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that, in many cases, the presence of a gene in Staphylococcus spp. is not synonymous with the ability of enterotoxins production. The differences in the number of isolates with genes encoding SEs and enterotoxin production may be mainly due to the limit of detection of the toxin production method used. This indicates the need to use high specificity and sensitivity methods for detecting enterotoxin in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Microbiology, Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.G.); (A.Z.); (W.C.-W.)
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Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Molecules in Non-Treated Blood Using Mercury Immobilized Carbon Nanotube Sensor. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061837. [PMID: 35335199 PMCID: PMC8953576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is a ubiquitous Gram-positive microorganism that causes infections related to the sudden infant death syndrome. Recently, basic detection methods depend on complicated PCR amplification, electric separation, spectric adsorption and other detection systems. However, in this study, simplified sensitive voltammetric skills are developed. To identify an effective diagnostic method for Staphylococcus aureus (SA), a voltammetric sensing probe was sought using mercury immobilized on a carbon nanotube sensor (MCN). The voltammetric MCN conditions were optimized through stripping and cyclic voltammetry. Diagnostic electrolyte was used on non-treated blood sera as an electrolyte solution. The optimum cyclic and stripping analytical working range was 0.5–4.0 mL (3 × 102~5 × 102 CFU/0.5 mL) SA. The statistic relative standard deviation of 0.1 mL SA was observed to be 0.0078 (n = 5). Using the optimum parameters, a diagnostic test was performed by the direct assay of SA in non-treated human blood and patient sera. Here, the developed results can be used for the direct assay of non-treated blood sera, organ monitoring, in-vivo diagnosis, and other assays requiring SA detection.
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Epidemiology and Classification of Mastitis. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122212. [PMID: 33255907 PMCID: PMC7760962 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farmers should focus on milk quality over quantity. However, in some situations, more attention is focused on the amount of milk produced. In the long term, this approach might represent an important economic cost as it leads to increased incidence of mastitis. Mastitis affects herds in all countries and is the most economically burdensome disease encountered by dairy farmers. The current review focuses on the main pathogens that cause this inflammation and their prevalence as well as strategies to prevent their proliferation. We discuss economic loss, with the goal of demonstrating that prevention is always better than disease management. Abstract Farmers should focus on milk quality over quantity because milk that contains unsuitable components and/or antibiotic residues, or has a high somatic cell count, cannot be used in food production and thereby results in reduced milk yield. One of the main problems affecting the ultimate milk yield of dairy cows is mastitis. This disease is the most serious economic and health problem associated with dairy cow herds and is a major reason for excessive culling. Therefore, many studies have addressed this problem to further our understanding of the agents causing mastitis and their classification and virulence factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mastitis prevalence, the characteristics of its main causative agents, and the effects of mastitis on dairy production. The review also intends to provide guidance for future studies by examining external effects influencing dairy production in cows under field conditions.
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Slama P, Kabourkova E, Sladek Z, Zavadilova T, Kratochvilova L, Kharkevich K, Roychoudhury S, Pavlik A, Roztocilova A, Uhrincat M, Tancin V, Kimura K, Konecny R, Kiku Y, Watanabe A, Kwak JY, Zouharova M. Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Muramyl Dipeptide on Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Gland Lymphocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060990. [PMID: 32517153 PMCID: PMC7341217 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cattle is a global problem and causes huge financial loss to dairy farmers. Inflammation is caused by many species of bacteria penetrating through the teat canals into the udder. Those bacteria are usually eliminated by treatment with intramammary injection of antibiotics, while they are also eliminated by the immune cells of the cow. One of the immune cells are lymphocytes which are responsible for specific immunity. When viable, they are able to carry out their normal functions. The present study focused on the investigation of cell death of lymphocytes during bovine mammary gland inflammation. We analyzed apoptosis in mammary gland lymphocytes under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides and muramyl dipeptide as the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria and the natural content of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. We found that they induce lymphocyte apoptosis in the early phase of inflammation, which can be associated with the expression of CD44 receptors on lymphocytes. This receptor is important in many physiological processes, including apoptosis of cells. For a better understanding of immune responses in mammary glands and for developing of immunotherapy without antibiotics, the process of inflammation, including cell death of immune cells necessitates further holistic studies. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether apoptosis of lymphocytes is modulated by stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Cell populations were obtained by lavaging of the mammary glands 24, 48, 72, and 168 h following intramammary induced inflammation. The portion of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 48 h after treatment with LPS or MDP. The analysis of CD44 expression of the same cell populations showed a higher percentage of CD44-positive lymphocytes 24- and 48-h following induction of inflammation by LPS or MDP. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with LPS or MDP, apoptosis of lymphocytes was induced in the initial phase of the inflammatory response and CD44 was also overexpressed at the beginning of inflammation. These data suggest a connection of lymphocyte apoptosis with the expression of CD44 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliska Kabourkova
- Department of Animal Origin Food and Gastronomic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zbysek Sladek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Terezie Zavadilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucie Kratochvilova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Kristina Kharkevich
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788 011, India
| | - Ales Pavlik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (T.Z.); (L.K.); (K.K.); (S.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Roztocilova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Uhrincat
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Tancin
- NPPC-Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecka 2, 951 41 Luzianky, Slovakia; (M.U.); (V.T.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;
| | - Roman Konecny
- Department of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Studentska 1668, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan; (Y.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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KEYVAN E, YURDAKUL O, DEMIRTAS A, YALCIN H, BILGEN N. Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bulk Tank Milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.35818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes detected in milk from various livestock species in northern pastoral region of Kenya. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Quaglia NC, Storelli M, Ioanna F, Celano G, Celano GV, Conversano C, De Rosa M, Dambrosio A. Listeria monocytogenesand enterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin dry fermented sausages belonging to “Traditional Agri‐Food Product” produced in Southern Italy. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta C. Quaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
| | - MariaMaddalena Storelli
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticalUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima Bari Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food ScienceUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
| | - Gaetano V. Celano
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
| | | | - Michele De Rosa
- Veterinary Surgeon, Freelance Professional, Grumo Appula Bari Italy
| | - Angela Dambrosio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
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10
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Characteristics of enterotoxin-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from meat in Tehran, Iran. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Korpysa-Dzirba W, Osek J. Molecular Characterization of EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusIsolated from Raw Cow Milk in Poland. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:114-118. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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12
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Dambrosio A, Ioanna F, Storelli MM, Castiglia D, Giannico F, Colonna MA, De Rosa M, Quaglia NC. Microbiological quality and safety of cheeses belonging to “Traditional Agri‐Food Products” (T.A.P.) produced in Southern Italy. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dambrosio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
| | | | - Maria M. Storelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticalUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giannico
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, University campus "Ernesto Quagliariello" Bari Italy
| | - Maria A. Colonna
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro, University campus "Ernesto Quagliariello" Bari Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta C. Quaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal ProductionUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy
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Characterization of Virulence Factors and Prophage Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from a Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.59385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Ciupescu LM, Auvray F, Nicorescu IM, Meheut T, Ciupescu V, Lardeux AL, Tanasuica R, Hennekinne JA. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains and evidence for the involvement of non-classical enterotoxin genes in food poisoning outbreaks. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5033404. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic Auvray
- Anses–Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Thomas Meheut
- Anses–Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Veronica Ciupescu
- Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health Institute, Campul Mosilor 5, 021201, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anne-Laure Lardeux
- Anses–Laboratory for Food Safety, University Paris Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rodica Tanasuica
- Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health Institute, Campul Mosilor 5, 021201, Bucharest, Romania
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Saka E, Terzi Gulel G. Detection of Enterotoxin Genes and Methicillin-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Buffalo Milk and Dairy Products. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1716-1722. [PMID: 29802728 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from water buffalo milk and dairy products. A total of 200 samples (100 raw milk, 50 clotted cream, and 50 cheese samples) was collected from different dairy farms and smallholders in Samsun, Turkey. All samples were analyzed using the standard procedure EN ISO 6888-1 and isolates were confirmed for the presence of the target 16S rRNA specific for Staphylococcus genus specific and nuc gene specific for S. aureus species by PCR. S. aureus was identified in 30 of 100 milk (30%), 9 of 50 clotted cream (18%), and 17 of 50 cheese (34%) samples. A total of 99 isolates was confirmed as S. aureus. Genotypic methicillin resistance was evaluated using PCR for the mecA gene. Out of 99 isolates, nine (9%) were found to be methicillin resistant (mecA gene positive). Twelve out of 99 (12%) S. aureus isolates were found positive for one or more genes encoding the enterotoxins. The gene coding for enterotoxin, sea, was the most frequent (five isolates, 41.6%), followed by sec (two isolates, 16.6%), sed (1 isolates, 8.3%) and see (1 isolate, 8.3%). While three isolates (25%) contained both sec and sed, none of the samples was positive for seb. In conclusion, the presence of se gene-positive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in buffalo milk and products revealed that consumption of these products is a potential risk of foodborne infection in this region. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Enterotoxigenic and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in milk and dairy products is an important public health problem. Especially in traditional dairy products, Staphylococcal enterotoxins may cause food poisoning due to consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Saka
- Dept. of Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory, Samsun Veterinary Control Inst., Atakum, Turkey
| | - Goknur Terzi Gulel
- Dept. of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
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Mansour AS, Wagih GES, Morgan SD, Elhariri M, El-Shabrawy MA, Abuelnaga ASM, Elgabry EA. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains in bovine raw milk by reversed passive latex agglutination and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 2017; 10:843-847. [PMID: 28919671 PMCID: PMC5591466 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.843-847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This review gives an outline of the assessment of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus tainting levels in raw milk from different sources in Egypt and characterization of enterotoxigenic strains utilizing a technique in light of PCR to identify genes coding for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE). The obtained data were compared with results from the application of the reversed passive latex. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiplex PCR and reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) were used. A total of 141 samples of raw milk (cow's milk=33, buffalo's milk=58, and bulk tank milk=50) were investigated for S. aureus contamination and tested for enterotoxin genes presence and toxin production. RESULTS S. aureus was detected in 23 (16.3%) samples phenotypically and genotypically by amplification of nuc gene. The S. aureus isolates were investigated for SEs genes (sea to see) by multiplex PCR and the toxin production by these isolates was screened by RPLA. SEs genes were detected in six isolates (26.1%) molecularly; see was the most observed gene where detected in all isolates, two isolates harbored seb, and two isolates harbored sec. According to RPLA, three isolates produced SEB and SEC. CONCLUSION The study revealed the widespread of S. aureus strains caring genes coding for toxins. The real significance of the presence of these strains or its toxins in raw milk and their possible impact a potential hazard for staphylococcal food poisoning by raw milk consumption. Therefore, detection of enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains in raw milk is necessary for consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Samy Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gad El-Said Wagih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sabry D Morgan
- Department of Milk Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elhariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Shabrawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza S M Abuelnaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - E A Elgabry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Ou Q, Zhou J, Lin D, Bai C, Zhang T, Lin J, Zheng H, Wang X, Ye J, Ye X, Yao Z. A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2213-2228. [PMID: 28686461 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Past reports have indicated a high prevalence of milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk (raw sheep's milk and raw goat's milk) and across different periods, continents, economic conditions and purchase locations remain inconsistent. We searched relevant articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science before July 2016. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement was used to evaluate the quality of 93 included studies. We observed that the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus contamination in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk were 15.4% (95% CI, 6.1-27.5%), 33.5% (95% CI, 29.5-37.7%) and 25.8% (95% CI, 17.5-35.0%), respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of MRSA contamination were 4.9% (95% CI, 0.0-15.7%), 2.3% (95% CI, 1.3-3.6%), and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5-1.8%), respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus contamination in raw cow's milk increased over time. However, the pooled prevalence of raw cow's milk contaminated with S. aureus was lowest in European studies. These findings give an indication of the consequence of better milk regulation in Europe. High S. aureus prevalence rates in raw milk collected from farms and processing companies pose a potential threat to consumers. The implementation of good hygiene practices, appropriate health knowledge, and food safety principles at the farm level, as well as the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and heat treatment before drinking, are necessary to reduce the potential risk of S. aureus and MRSA contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Ou
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junli Zhou
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chan Bai
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ting Zhang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jialing Lin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Haoqu Zheng
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jiaping Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health School , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
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18
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Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Producing Enterotoxins A, K and Q From Chicken Meat in Isfahan, Iran, 2014. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.35601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among inpatients and outpatients in a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:89-93. [PMID: 27265678 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of a variety of infections ranging from wound infections to urinary tract infections (UTI) in hospital and community. In this study during 3 years we characterized the antibiotic resistance patterns of 491 hospital acquired MRSA and community associated MRSA strains by the guidelines of clinical and laboratory standard institute. A combination of high resolution PhP typing method and SCCmec typing were used for clonal dissemination of isolates. Among all 491 MRSA strains, diverse PhP types consisting of 29 common types (CTs) and 4 single types (STs) and also 2 different SCCmec types (III and IVa) were detected. In addition, 18 CTs were common among CA- and HA-MRSA strains and the presence of all 4 STs was limited to HA-MRSA strains. All isolates were resistant to penicillin and high level resistance was observed against ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tobramycin and kanamycin and the rate of resistance to most of the antibiotic tested among HA-MRSA was significantly higher than CA-MRSA isolates. Moreover, all isolates showed susceptibility to linezolid, vancomycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin and very low resistance to fusidic acid, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol were detected. Our findings illustrated the increasing rate of clonal dissemination and persistence of highly antibiotic resistant CA-MRSA strains in Tehran hospitals, and also indicated the important role of the hospitals as the reservoir of MRSA strains.
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20
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Rahimi F. Characterization of Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29237. [PMID: 27099687 PMCID: PMC4833945 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens which can cause a broad spectrum of infections. Objectives: The current study aimed to describe the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clonal groups of gentamicin-resistant strains of MRSA isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 301 S. aureus isolates were collected during January to November 2012. All of the isolates were identified at the species level and typed using the Phene-Plate (PhP) system. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the MRSA strains and the presence of different aminoglycoside resistance genes were determined. Results: Of the 301 S. aureus isolates, 90 (29.9%) strains were confirmed as MRSA, and they showed high resistance to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. On the other hand, 43 of the 90 strains (47.8%) were resistant to gentamicin. Aac (6’)-Ie + aph (2’’), ant (4’)-Ia, aph (3’)-IIIa, and ant (6)-Ia were detected in 65.6%, 42.2%, 20%, and 47.8% of the gentamicin-resistant strains, respectively. Diverse PhP types consisting of seven common types and four single types were identified among the strains. Conclusions: Our results illustrated the presence of clonal groups of highly gentamicin-resistant strains of MRSA in hospitals in Tehran. The PhP typing method provided useful information for both clonal dissemination and determining the epidemiological links of the clonal groups of the MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fateh Rahimi, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3137932250, Fax: +98-3137932456, E-mail:
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21
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Rehab ME, Dina ER, Shaymaa HAR. Toxin gene profile and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and food samples in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Al-Ashmawy MA, Sallam KI, Abd-Elghany SM, Elhadidy M, Tamura T. Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Milk and Dairy Products. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:156-62. [PMID: 26836943 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to study the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw milk and dairy products in Mansoura City, Egypt. MRSA was detected in 53% (106/200) among all milk and dairy products with prevalence rates of 75%, 65%, 40%, 50%, and 35% in raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream, and yogurt samples, respectively. The mean S. aureus counts were 3.49, 3.71, 2.93, 3.40, and 3.23 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/g among tested raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream and yogurt, respectively, with an overall count of 3.41 log10 CFU/g. Interestingly, all recovered S. aureus isolates were genetically verified as MRSA strains by molecular detection of the mecA gene. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec) were detected in all isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of recovered MRSA isolates against 13 tested antimicrobials revealed that the least effective drugs were penicillin G, cloxacillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin with bacterial resistance percentages of 87.9%, 75.9%, 65.2%, and 55.6%, respectively. These findings suggested that milk and dairy products represent a potential infection risk threat of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt due to neglected hygienic practices during production, retail, or storage stages. These findings highlighted the crucial importance of applying more restrictive hygienic measures in dairy production in Egypt for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdou Al-Ashmawy
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samir Mohammed Abd-Elghany
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- 2 Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- 3 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Characteristics of Virulence Factors in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From a Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.33220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Pexara A, Solomakos N, Sergelidis D, Angelidis AS, Govaris A. Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw ovine and caprine milk in Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Characteristics of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Poultry in Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.30885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Akindolire MA, Babalola OO, Ateba CN. Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Milk: A Public Health Implication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10254-75. [PMID: 26308035 PMCID: PMC4586610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120910254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and virulence genes determinants of S. aureus isolated from milk obtained from retail outlets of the North-West Province, South Africa. To achieve this, 200 samples of raw, bulk and pasteurised milk were obtained randomly from supermarkets, shops and some farms in the North-West Province between May 2012 and April 2013. S. aureus was isolated and positively identified using morphological (Gram staining), biochemical (DNase, catalase, haemolysis and rapid slide agglutination) tests, protein profile analysis (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) and molecular (nuc specific PCR) methods. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using the phenotypic agar diffusion method. Genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins and collagen adhesins were also screened using PCR. Among all the samples examined, 30 of 40 raw milk samples (75%), 25 of 85 bulk milk samples (29%) and 10 of 75 pasteurised milk samples (13%) were positive for S. aureus. One hundred and fifty-six PCR-confirmed S. aureus isolates were obtained from 75 contaminated milk samples. A large proportion (60%-100%) of the isolates was resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and erythromycin. On the contrary, low level resistance (8.3%-40%) was observed for gentamicin, kanamycin and sulphamethoxazole. Methicillin resistance was detected in 59% of the multidrug resistant isolates and this was a cause for concern. However, only a small proportion (20.6%) of these isolates possessed PBP2a which codes for Methicillin resistance in S. aureus. In addition, 32.7% of isolates possessed the sec gene whereas the sea, seb sed, see, cna, eta, etb genes were not detected. The findings of this study showed that raw, bulk and pasteurised milk in the North-West Province is contaminated with toxigenic and multi-drug resistant S. aureus strains. There is a need to implement appropriate control measures to reduce contamination as well as the spread of virulent S. aureus strains and the burden of disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyiwa Ajoke Akindolire
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa.
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa.
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Health Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa.
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27
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Riva A, Borghi E, Cirasola D, Colmegna S, Borgo F, Amato E, Pontello MM, Morace G. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1142-6. [PMID: 26038904 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a known major cause of foodborne illnesses, and raw milk and dairy products are often contaminated by enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus strains. In the present study, 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from 383 raw milk samples collected from various dairy herds in the province of Milan (northern Italy). The isolates were characterized based on their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see). About half (45.7%) of the strains were enterotoxigenic, and 37.1% were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs tested. Seven (20%) of 35 isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and SCCmec typing performed with a multiplex PCR assay revealed the presence of gene cassettes IV and V, typical of community-acquired MRSA, and I and II, characteristic of health care-associated MRSA. The MRSA strains were evaluated for the presence of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene, but this gene was not found. The results of the present study revealed the presence of toxin-producing S. aureus and MRSA strains in raw milk. MRSA and enterotoxigenic S. aureus in dairy farms are an important risk factor for the spread of staphylococcal infections; therefore, further studies are needed to find strategies for monitoring and controlling the presence of S. aureus, especially MRSA, in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Cirasola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Colmegna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Celoria 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Maria Pontello
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
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28
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Shah NP, Wei H. Propidium monoazide combined with real-time PCR for selective detection of viable Staphylococcus aureus in milk powder and meat products. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1625-33. [PMID: 25582587 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a spherical, gram-positive, pathogenic bacterium commonly associated with bovine mastitis and clinical infections. It is also recognized as a pathogen that causes outbreaks of food poisoning. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a rapid and reliable technique that combines propidium monoazide (PMA) staining with real-time quantitative (q)PCR to detect and quantify viable cells of Staph. aureus in milk powder and meat products. The inclusivity and exclusivity of the assay were evaluated using 58 strains belonging to 14 species. Serial dilutions of Staph. aureus cells were used to establish a standard curve and to confirm the effect of PMA treatment. Milk powder and meat products were used as the spiked foods, and the ability of PMA-qPCR to eliminate nonviable cells was determined in milk powder. Furthermore, meat products were inoculated with different concentrations of Staph. aureus and 10(5) cfu/g of Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enterica to test the interference by nontarget microorganisms. When PMA treatment was applied before DNA extraction, we were able to eliminate false-positive results with little effect on viable cells. The PMA-qPCR assay was specific and more sensitive than conventional PCR, and the level of detection was 3.0×10(2) cfu/g in spiked milk powder. Additionally, we observed no significant interference for the detection of viable Staph. aureus from other nontarget bacteria. The PMA-qPCR protocol is an effective and rapid method to quantify viable cells of Staph. aureus in food samples. The PMA-qPCR assay is specific and reliable, offering a valuable diagnostic tool for routine analysis in food and clinical diagnostic research at a reasonable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | | | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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29
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Madahi H, Rostami F, Rahimi E, Safarpoor Dehkordi F. Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Chicken Nugget in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e10237. [PMID: 25485044 PMCID: PMC4255206 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the most important cause of food poisoning that manifests with gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting. Its complications usually occur when bacterial virulence genes are produced. The most important virulence factors are cell-associated components, exoenzymes, exotoxins, enterotoxins, and enterotoxin-like toxins. Objectives: The present study aimed to study the presence of S. aureus and its virulence factors in chicken nuggets in Iran. Materials and Methods: Totally, 420 chicken nuggets from five brands were collected from Isfahan and Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari provinces, Iran. Samples were cultured and the positive results were studied using ELISA and PCR for detection of classical staphylococcal enterotoxins and sea-sej virulence genes, respectively. Results: Results showed that 27 (6.42%) of 420 samples were contaminated with S. aureus with bacteria concentration between 6.1 × 103 to 8.4 × 101/mL. Totally, 33.33% of isolates produced SEA, 4.16% SEB, 12.50% SEC, 8.33% SED, 12.50% SEA + SEC, and 12.50% SEA + SED. The most commonly detected genes were sea (25%), sea + seg (8.33%), sec (12.50%), sea + sed (12.50%), and sea + sec + sej (12.50%). Conclusions: S. aureus can easily contaminate the chicken nugget and this contamination is usually associated with significant presences of virulence genes. Consumption of these nuggets certainly is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, some food safety and quality standards should be applied and performed in most of the Iranian food units to control growth of S. aureus and its virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Madahi
- College of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- College of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ebrahim Rahimi, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133278377, Fax: +98-3813381892, E-mail:
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Martins IM, Kabuki DY, Miya NTN, Pereira JL. Occurrence and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Potential of S
taphylococcus
Isolated from Dairy Products. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Mateus Martins
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, s/n, CEP 13083-862 CP 6121 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dirce Yorika Kabuki
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, s/n, CEP 13083-862 CP 6121 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Norma Teruko Nago Miya
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, s/n, CEP 13083-862 CP 6121 São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pereira
- Department of Food Science; School of Food Engineering; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, s/n, CEP 13083-862 CP 6121 São Paulo Brazil
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Facchin S, Barbosa AC, Carmo LS, Silva MCC, Oliveira AL, Morais PB, Rosa CA. Yeasts and hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:701-7. [PMID: 24516436 PMCID: PMC3910177 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the yeast populations and the main hygienic-sanitary microbial indicators in water buffalo mozzarella produced and commercialized in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-two water buffalo mozzarella samples were purchased from retail outlets in Belo Horizonte. In addition, five samples of consecutive starter cultures, curd before acidification, acidified curd and mozzarella were collected at an industry in the city of Oliveira. Only three of the five water samples analyzed were suitable for consumption according to Brazilian sanitary standards. Four milk samples were highly contaminated with fecal coliforms, and did not meet the minimal hygienic-sanitary standards according to Brazilian regulations. Only one sample of buffalo muzzarela purchased from retail outlets exceeded the limit for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Eleven samples showed counts of thermotolerant coliforms higher than 5 × 10(3) CFU.g(-1), but still lower than the maximum permitted by the Brazilian laws. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated. Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida lusitaniae and C. parapsilosis were the prevalent yeast species isolated from cheese. Among samples from the production stages, the acidified curd presented the highest numbers of yeasts, with C. catenulata being the most frequent species isolated. Some opportunistic yeast species such as C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. catenulata, C. rugosa and C. krusei occurred in the mozzarella cheese samples analyzed. The mozzarella cheese presented a low microbial load as compared to other cheese already studied, and the yeast biota included species typical of cheese and also opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Facchin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, CP. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anne C Barbosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, CP. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz S Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, CP. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso L Oliveira
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula B Morais
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia. Campus Universitário de Palmas. Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, CP. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rahimi E. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from traditional and commercial dairy products marketed in Iran. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:393-9. [PMID: 24294227 PMCID: PMC3833133 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate, enterotoxigenecity, and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from dairy products in Iran. From September 2010 to July 2011, a total of 347 samples from various dairy products, traditional and commercial, were collected from randomly selected retail stores. Overall, 20 samples (5.8%) were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in traditional cheese (11.1%), followed by traditional ice-cream (5.9%), cream (5.6%), and butter (5.3%). The ability to synthesize classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA-E) was determined in 7 of 20 (35%) isolates by using ELISA. SE type C was the most common enterotoxin found in the isolated S. aureus (42.9%), followed by SE type A (28.6%), SEA+SEC and SE type D (14.3%). Of the 20 isolates, 16 (80.0%) were positive for one or more entrotoxin genes and 8 different genotypes were observed. Susceptibilities of the isolates were determined for 14 antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion assay. Most of the isolates (95.0%) were resistant to one or more two antimicrobial agent and 45.0% of the isolates were resistant to three or more of drugs. Resistance to ampicillin was the most common finding (55.0%), followed by tetracycline (40.0%) and penicillin G (30.0%). The results of this study showed the wide spread of enterotoxigenic and multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in traditional dairy products in Iran and highlighted their public health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rahimi E, Nonahal F, Ataye Salehi E. Detection of Classical Enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Raw Meat in Esfahan, Iran. HEALTH SCOPE 2013. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-10651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Comparison of LFA with PCR and RPLA in detecting SEB from isolated clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and its application in food samples. Food Chem 2013; 141:1789-95. [PMID: 23870892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three sensitive and specific assays, the lateral flow assay (LFA), polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) and reversed passive latex agglutination assay (RPLA), were selected for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) from 77 clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans. Analytical results revealed that the LFA has almost the same detection sensitivity as that of PCR and RPLA. The concordances between the 3 assays were as follows: LFA-PCR, 92.2%; LFA-RPLA, 94.8%; and PCR-RPLA, 97.4%. For further evaluation, the LFA was used for the detection of SEB in different food matrices. The assay was able to successfully identify SEB in a wide variety of food samples at levels as low as 10 ng/mL in less than 10 min. This study proved that the LFA is an excellent tool for detection of SEB both in isolated clinical S. aureus strains and in food specimens and may prove particularly important as an early warning tool to prevent food poisoning in consumers.
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Lyra DG, Sousa FG, Borges MF, Givisiez PE, Queiroga RC, Souza EL, Gebreyes WA, Oliveira CJ. Enterotoxin-Encoding Genes inStaphylococcusspp. from Bulk Goat Milk. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:126-30. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele G. Lyra
- Federal Institution for Education, Science, and Technology of Alagoas (IFAL), Santana do Ipanema-AL, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Evandro L. Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- VPH-Biotech Global Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Celso J.B. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia-PB, Brazil
- VPH-Biotech Global Consortium, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Na SY, Roh JY, Kim JM, Tamang MD, Lee JR. Analysis of Colonization and Genotyping of the Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2012. [PMID: 23197906 PMCID: PMC3505771 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients has a high susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus colonization, and the toxins produced by S. aureus may aggravate AD by acting as superantigens. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the skin barrier function, colonization of S. aureus, and the clinical severity of AD. We also examined the predominant toxin genes produced in Korean AD patients. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with AD were evaluated for clinical severity and skin barrier function by using Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). S. aureus was isolated from the forearm, popliteal fossa, and anterior nares of AD patients (n=39) and age-matched controls (n=40); the toxin genes were analyzed by performing multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS TEWL showed a statistically significant correlation with clinical severity in patients with AD (p<0.05). TEWL was correlated with the number of S. aureus colonization sites and the presence of nasal colonization, but these results were not statistically significant. S. aureus strains were isolated in 64.1% of the 39 AD patients. The SCORAD index and AD severity were strongly correlated with the number of colonization sites. The predominant toxin gene found in AD patients was staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) only, which was produced in 52.6% of patients. The toxin genes sea and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) were found together in 42.1%, while tsst-1 only was found in 5.3% of the patients. CONCLUSION S. aureus strains were isolated in 64.1% of the 39 AD patients. Skin barrier function, as measured by TEWL, revealed a statistically significant correlation with clinical severity in AD patients. The SCORAD index and severity of AD was strongly correlated with the number of colonization. The most common toxin gene was sea in the Korean AD patients and this gene might have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Na
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Prophage Typing of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Šťástková Z, Karpíšková R, Gelbíčová T, Vaňáč V, Tůma Š, Světlíková B. Detection of enterotoxigenic genes inStaphylococcus aureusisolated from bulk tank cow’s milk samples in the Czech Republic. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from bulk tank milk from Minnesota dairy farms. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:688-95. [PMID: 22170937 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05214-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common causative agent of bovine mastitis in dairy herds. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals as well as the community is a significant and costly public health concern. S. aureus-related bovine mastitis is a common reason for therapeutic and/or prophylactic use of antibiotics on dairy farms. In this study, herd prevalence of S. aureus, including MRSA, was estimated from bulk tank milk (BTM) from Minnesota farms. A total of 150 pooled BTM samples from 50 farms, collected over 3 seasons (spring, summer, and fall of 2009), were assessed. Herd prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 84%, while MRSA herd prevalence was 4%. A total of 93 MSSA isolates and 2 MRSA isolates were recovered from 150 BTM samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates showed pansusceptibility in 54 isolates, resistance to a single antibiotic class in 21 isolates, resistance to two antibiotic classes in 13 isolates, and resistance to ≥3 antibiotics classes and thus multidrug resistance in 5 isolates. The two MRSA isolates displayed resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, and lincosamides and were multiresistant. Staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing identified spa types t529 and t034 most frequently among methicillin-susceptible isolates, while t121 was observed in MRSA isolates. Seven isolates, including the two MRSA isolates, produced staphylococcal enterotoxins B, C, D, and E on overnight culture. MRSA isolates were further genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Of the 2 MRSA isolates, one had a composite genotype profile of MLST ST 5-PFGE USA100-unknown spa type, which has been reported among hospital-associated MRSA isolates, while the second isolate carried the MLST ST 8-PFGE USA300-spa type t121 genotype, commonly identified among community-associated MRSA isolates. These results suggest that MRSA genotypes associated with hospitals and community can be isolated from milk at very low rates.
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Tang JN, Tang C, Wang Y, Chen J, Liu J, Liu L, Yue H. Surveillance study of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats of different slaughterhouses in Sichuan, China. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Gene detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in production strain of staphylococcin injection and superantigenic activity of rSEK and rSEQ. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arcuri EF, Angelo FF, Guimarães MFM, Talon R, Borges MDF, Leroy S, Loiseau G, Lange CC, Andrade NJD, Montet D. Toxigenic status of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine raw milk and Minas frescal cheese in Brazil. J Food Prot 2010; 73:2225-31. [PMID: 21219740 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.12.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A group of 291 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from mastitic cow's milk (n = 125), bulk tank milk (n = 96), and Minas frescal cheese (n = 70) were screened for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, selj, and sell) and for the tst-1 gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by PCR assay. A total of 109 (37.5%) of the isolates were positive for at least one of these 11 genes, and 23 distinct genotypes of toxin genes were observed. Of the S. aureus isolates bearing SE genes, 17 (13.6%) were from mastitic cow's milk, 41 (41.7%) were from bulk tank milk, and 51 (72.9%) were from Minas frescal cheese. The occurrence of exclusively more recently described SE genes (seg through sell) was considerably higher (87 of 109 PCR-positive strains) than that of classical SE genes (sea through see, 15 strains). The SE genes most commonly detected were seg and sei; they were found alone or in different combinations with other toxin genes, but in 60.8% of the cases they were codetected. No strain possessed see. The tst-1 gene was found in eight isolates but none from mastitic cow's milk. Macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA from 89 S. aureus isolates positive for SE gene(s) was conducted with the enzyme SmaI. Fifty-five distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were found, demonstrating a lack of predominance of any specific clone. A second enzyme, Apa I, used for some isolates was less discriminating than Sma I. The high genotype diversity of potential toxigenic S. aureus strains found in this study, especially from Minas frescal cheese, suggests various sources of contamination. Efforts from the entire production chain are required to improve consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Froeder Arcuri
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Rua Eugenio do Nascimento 610, Bairro Dom Bosco, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rahimi E, Safai HG. Detection of classical enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in Isfahan, Iran. Vet Microbiol 2010; 141:393-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Functional genomic analysis of two Staphylococcus aureus phages isolated from the dairy environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7663-73. [PMID: 19837832 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01864-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of the two lytic mutant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages, vB_SauS-phiIPLA35 (phiIPLA35) and vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 (phiIPLA88), isolated from milk have been analyzed. Their genomes are 45,344 bp and 42,526 bp long, respectively, and contain 62 and 61 open reading frames (ORFS). Enzymatic analyses and sequencing revealed that the phiIPLA35 DNA molecule has 3'-protruding cohesive ends (cos) 10 bp long, whereas phiIPLA88 DNA is 4.5% terminally redundant and most likely is packaged by a headful mechanism. N-terminal amino acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses enabled the assignment of putative functions to 58 gene products, including DNA packaging proteins, morphogenetic proteins, lysis components, and proteins necessary for DNA recombination, modification, and replication. Point mutations in their lysogeny control-associated genes explain their strictly lytic behavior. Muralytic activity associated with other structural components has been detected in virions of both phages. Comparative analysis of phiIPLA35 and phiIPLA88 genome structures shows that they resemble those of phi12 and phi11, respectively, both representatives of large genomic groupings within the S. aureus-infecting phages.
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Slama P, Sladek Z, Rysanek D, Langrova T. Effect of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis on apoptosis of bovine mammary gland lymphocytes. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:233-8. [PMID: 19364616 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether lymphocyte apoptosis is modulated by infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. Samples of cell populations were obtained by lavage of the mammary glands at 4 intervals (24, 48, 72 and 168 h) following infection. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 168 h after challenge with S. aureus or S. uberis. Subsequent experiments focused on in vitro cultivation of mammary gland lymphocytes with S. aureus and S. uberis. These experiments showed a lower percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes following 3h of cultivating cells with bacteria than after cultivation without bacteria. The results demonstrate that during both experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with S. aureus or S. uberis and during in vitro cultivation of lymphocytes with S. aureus or S. uberis, apoptosis of lymphocytes is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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