1
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Ali MZ, Giasuddin M. Detection of an emerging novel sublineage Ind2001BD1 and lineage PanAsia of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in cattle in Manikgonj district of Bangladesh, 2018. Open Vet J 2020; 10:347-353. [PMID: 33282707 PMCID: PMC7703609 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v10i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease of cloven-hoofed animals in Bangladesh and multiple outbreaks occur every year because of the FMD virus (FMDV). Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the molecular characterization of the VP1 coding region of FMDV serotype O outbreak in cattle. Methods: A total of four tongue epithelial specimens were collected from clinically FMD-positive cattle during June 2018 in Manikgonj district of Bangladesh. Results: All four isolates were recorded positive for FMDV serotype O. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates were clustered within an emerging novel sublineage Ind2001BD1 under lineage Ind2001 of FMDV serotype O, which was identified during 2012–2016 in Bangladesh. One isolate was clustered within the lineage PanAsia of FMDV serotype O and was closely related to an isolate identified in Nepal in 2009. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all the four isolates belong to the Middle East–South Asia topotype. Conclusion: Therefore, multiple lineages of the FMDV serotype O are circulating among the cattle in the outbreak area, which make it more complex for the FMD control program in Bangladesh. A comprehensive study on the genetic characteristics of FMDV across the country is required for effective FMD prevention and control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh.,Research on FMD and PPR in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
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Hossen ML, Ahmed S, Khan MFR, Nazmul Hussain Nazir KHM, Saha S, Islam MA, Rahman MT, Sayem SM, Rahman MB. The emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage of Middle East-South Asian topotype in Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:360-366. [PMID: 32607369 PMCID: PMC7320810 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research work was conducted for the molecular characterization of the circulating foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in Bangladesh and revealed out their serotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS The VP1 gene of six field isolates of FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes (two serotypes O, two serotypes A, and two serotypes Asia 1) was subjected for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed by using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis 6, having the field nucleotide sequences of FMDV and related sequences available in the GenBank. RESULTS The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 genes of serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 of the isolates revealed that overall isolates were 91%-100% similar to the isolates reported from Bangladesh and other neighboring countries. Among the isolates reported from Bangladesh, serotype O had 98%-100% identity, serotype A had 91%-100% identity, and serotype Asia-1 had 94%-100% identity. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the FMDV serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage was confirmed in Bangladesh under the Middle East-South Asian (ME-SA) topotype. On the other hand, we identified genotype VII (18) of Asia topotype (serotype A) and lineage C (serotype Asia-1). CONCLUSION The FMDV serotype O PanAsia-02 sub-lineage was confirmed in Bangladesh under the ME-SA topotype for the first time. The extensive cross-border animal movement from neighboring countries may act as the source of diversified FMDV serotypes in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Liakot Hossen
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Sirajganj Government Veterinary College, Belkuchi, Sirajganj, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Mohammad Sayem
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bahanur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Rahman AKMA, Islam SKS, Sufian MA, Talukder MH, Ward MP, Martínez-López B. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Space-Time Clusters and Risk Factors in Cattle and Buffalo in Bangladesh. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060423. [PMID: 32485792 PMCID: PMC7350371 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is highly endemic in Bangladesh. Using passive surveillance data (case records from all 64 districts of Bangladesh, 2014–2017) and district domestic ruminant population estimates, we calculated FMD cumulative incidence per 10,000 animals at risk per district, conducted cluster (Moran’s spatial autocorrelation and scan statistics) and hotspot analysis (local indicator of spatial association statistic), created predictive maps and identified risk factors using a geographically weighted regression model. A total of 548,817 FMD cases in cattle and buffalo were reported during the four-year study period. The highest proportion (31.5%) of cases were reported during the post-monsoon season, and from Chattogram (29.2%) division. Five space-time clusters, 9 local clusters, and 14 hotspots were identified. Overall, higher cumulative incidences of FMD were consistently predicted in eastern parts of Bangladesh. The precipitation in the pre-monsoon season (p = 0.0008) was positively associated with FMD in Bangladesh. Results suggest climate plays an important role in the epidemiology of FMD in Bangladesh, and high risk zones exist. In a resource limited-setting, hotspots and clusters should be prioritized for vaccination coverage, and surveillance for FMD should be targeted in eastern areas of Bangladesh and during the post-monsoon season.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Anisur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence:
| | - SK Shaheenur Islam
- Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (S.S.I.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Md. Abu Sufian
- Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh; (S.S.I.); (M.A.S.)
| | | | - Michael P. Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia;
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Ranaweera LT, Wijesundara WWMUK, Jayarathne HSM, Knowles NJ, Wadsworth J, Gray A, Adikari AMJB, Weebadde CK, Sooriyapathirana SDSS. Transboundary movements of foot-and-mouth disease from India to Sri Lanka: A common pattern is shared by serotypes O and C. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227126. [PMID: 31891636 PMCID: PMC6938362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects the livestock industry in a transboundary manner. It is essential to understand the FMD phylodynamics to assist in the disease-eradication. FMD critically affects the Sri Lankan cattle industry causing substantial economic losses. Even though many studies have covered the serotyping and genotyping of FMD virus (FMDV) in Sri Lanka, there is a significant knowledge gap exists in understanding the FMDV phylodynamics in the country. In the present study, the VP1 genomic region of FMD viral isolates belonging to serotype C from Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries were sequenced. All the published VPI sequences of serotype C and most of the published VP1 sequences for lineage ME-SA/Ind-2001d of serotype O from Sri Lanka, India, and other South Asian countries were retrieved. The datasets of serotype C and serotype O were separately analyzed using Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and phylogenetic networking methods to infer the transboundary movements and evolutionary aspects of the FMDV incursions in Sri Lanka. A model-based approach was used to detect any possible recombination events of FMDV incursions. Our results revealed that the invasions of the topotype ASIA of serotype C and the lineage ME-SA/Ind-2001d have a similar pattern of transboundary movement and evolution. The haplotype networks and phylogenies developed in the present study confirmed that FMDV incursions in Sri Lanka mainly originate from the Indian subcontinent, remain quiet after migration, and then cause outbreaks in a subsequent year. Since there are no recombination events detected among the different viral strains across serotypes and topotypes, we can assume that the incursions tend to show the independent evolution compared to the ancestral viral populations. Thus, we highlight the need for thorough surveillance of cattle/ruminants and associated product-movement into Sri Lanka from other regions to prevent the transboundary movement of FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. T. Ranaweera
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W. W. M. U. K. Wijesundara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - H. S. M. Jayarathne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N. J. Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - J. Wadsworth
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - A. Gray
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - A. M. J. B. Adikari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - C. K. Weebadde
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - S. D. S. S. Sooriyapathirana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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5
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Ali MZ, Islam E, Giasuddin M. Outbreak investigation, molecular detection, and characterization of foot and mouth disease virus in the Southern part of Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:346-354. [PMID: 31583231 PMCID: PMC6760506 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) outbreak in cattle in the Sarankhola Upazila under Bagerhat district of Bangladesh with isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of FMDV during April 2018. Materials and Methods: This Upazila is located at southern border of Bangladesh and surrounded by mangrove forest Sundarban. The outbreak investigation team collected epidemiological data from outbreak location. In addition, the team collected a total of 30 (15 calves, 15 adult) tongue epithelial tissue samples from a clinically FMD-affected cattle. The confirmation of FMDV and its three serotypes (A, O, and Asia-1) was performed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). An amplified product of the VP1 region of FMDV genome was sequenced by Sanger sequencing method after cultivation and reconfirmation of FMDV into the BHK21 cell line. Genetic variability was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree. Results: The investigation survey was carried out in overall 8,393 (8,393/15,580; 53.89%) cases including 3,050 (3,050/8,393; 36.34%) cases in calf and 5,343 (5,343/8,393; 59.77%) cases in adult cattle. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was recorded as 2.27% (354/15,580) with significantly highest CFR in the calf (71.46%; 253/354) compared to an adult. The collected all 30 samples found with FMDV positive and mixed infection of all samples with serotype Asia-1 and serotype O were observed. In BHK 21 cell line, the eight FMDV positive samples showed a typical cytopathic effect during the third passage. Finally, DNA sequence data of two isolates found closely related with the isolates of bordering country India and Myanmar. Conclusion: The investigation identified the risk factors involved in an outbreak of FMDV, namely, sharing the common paddy land after harvesting, no FMD vaccination, the interaction between cattle and wildlife, and cross bordering movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eusha Islam
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research on FMD and PPR in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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6
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Al-Hosary AA, Kandeil A, El-Taweel AN, Nordengrahn A, Merza M, Badra R, Kayali G, Ali MA. Co-infection with different serotypes of FMDV in vaccinated cattle in Southern Egypt. Virus Genes 2019; 55:304-313. [PMID: 30771081 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During 2015-2016 period, an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was observed in cattle in four governorates of the upper of Egypt. The infection was extended to the vaccinated cattle. A total of 54 mouth swabs and serum samples were collected from vaccinated cattle for serological and virological investigation. The typical clinical signs of FMDV infection were observed in all cattle under investigation. All samples were positive for FMDV using molecular methods, while the serological method showed 85% positive of tested samples. Typing of FMDV-positive samples using serotype-specific primers showed that 51.8% of samples were serotype O, 9.2% were serotype A, and 18.5% were SAT 2. Surprisingly, co-infections of serotypes A/SAT 2 (12.9%) and O/SAT 2 (7.4%) were also detected. By geographical location, the 3 serotypes A, O, and SAT2 were detected in all four governorates. The phylogenetic assessment of the detected viruses showed that two distinct groups of FMDV serotype O of East Africa-3 (EA-3) topotype were most closely related to circulating viruses in Sudan, as well as FMDV strains belonging to the topotype VII of serotype SAT 2. The detected SAT 2 strains clustered in separate clades in topotype VII, indicating new incursions. The VP1 signatures and protein sequences of some characterized viruses were analyzed. Multiple mutations were detected in VP1. Therefore, to enhance the control of FMD in Egypt, we recommend establishing an active surveillance system to characterize newly emerging virus strains/serotypes and subsequently updating vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Adel Al-Hosary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Po. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Nageh El-Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ann Nordengrahn
- Boehringer Ingelheim Svanova, Uppsala Business Park, Po. Box 1545, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malik Merza
- Boehringer Ingelheim Svanova, Uppsala Business Park, Po. Box 1545, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Human Link, Hazmieh, Lebanon.
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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7
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Siddique MA, Ali MR, Alam ASMRU, Ullah H, Rahman A, Chakrabarty RP, Amin MA, Hoque SA, Nandi SP, Sultana M, Hossain M. Emergence of two novel sublineages Ind2001BD1 and Ind2001BD2 of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1009-1023. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Siddique
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. R. Ali
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - H. Ullah
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - A. Rahman
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - M. A. Amin
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. A. Hoque
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. P. Nandi
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. Sultana
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M.A. Hossain
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
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Brito BP, Rodriguez LL, Hammond JM, Pinto J, Perez AM. Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:316-332. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Brito
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - L. L. Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Plum Island Animal Disease Center; Greenport NY USA
| | - J. M. Hammond
- Centre for Animal & Plant Biosecurity; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; Menangle NSW Australia
| | - J. Pinto
- Animal Health Service; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Rome Italy
| | - A. M. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
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9
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Ullah H, Siddique MA, Al Amin M, Das BC, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Re-emergence of circulatory foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes Asia1 in Bangladesh and VP1 protein heterogeneity with vaccine strain IND 63/72. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 60:168-173. [PMID: 25370946 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1 are responsible for significant number of disease outbreaks in Bangladesh; however serotype Asia1 has not been reported in circulation since 1996. The present investigation reports the detection of serotype FMDV Asia1 from local farms in 2012 and 2013 outbreaks. The farms were located in Jessore and Gazipur districts, and one of these farms was under vaccine control programme. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete VP1 gene revealed that FMDV Asia1 is under genetic lineage C having close similarity to the Asia1 sequences of Indian origin. The circulatory genotype Asia1 showed VP1 protein sequence heterogeneity of eight amino acid substitutions within the G-H loop with the vaccine strain [IND 63/72 (AY304994)] used in vaccination programme. ELISA assay revealed that, of seven, only one local field serum sample (cattle vaccinated 38 days earlier) was positive at a titre level of >2.4 (log10) but failed to protect the cattle from infection occurred by the virus. This investigation focused that the eight amino acid substitution in VP1 protein at G-H loop of the locally circulated FMDV serotype Asia1 strain may be a reason for current vaccination failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Siddique
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - B C Das
- Department of Livestock Services, Central Disease Investigation Laboratory, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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10
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Momtaz S, Rahman A, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Evolutionary Analysis and Prediction of Peptide Vaccine Candidates for Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus Types A and O in Bangladesh. Evol Bioinform Online 2014; 10:187-96. [PMID: 25452681 PMCID: PMC4219755 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), an endemic disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes an annual economic loss of US$60–150 million in Bangladesh. There is no cross-protection among the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes and vaccination escape mutation may happen. Peptide vaccine is a safer alternative. The aim of this study is to predict and map the B and T cell epitopes of VP1 proteins of FMDV serotypes O and A that were circulating in Bangladesh from 2011 to 2013. Using evolutionary and computational approach (BCPred, BepiPred, DiscoTope, ElliPro, and ProPred-I, IEDB analysis for MHC-I prediction), a total of 11 B and T cell epitopes were predicted. Also, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of VP1 protein showed that the predicted five epitopes residing on N- and C-termini can be considered as good vaccine candidates, and epitopes on the G–H loop can serve as receptor recognition sites for vaccine design. The scores of predicted epitopes of one method were cross-checked with other one for potential epitope mining. Within the VP1 antigenic sites, significant evidence of positive selection was present indicating evolution of VP1 under high immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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11
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Banda F, Kasanga CJ, Sallu R, Sinkala Y, Sinkombe TW, Mulumba M, Rweyemamu MM, Wambura PN. Investigation of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the Mbala and Kazungula districts of Zambia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 81:E1-6. [PMID: 25134173 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i2.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. It is known to be endemic in Zambia, with periodic outbreaks occurring in different geographical areas of the country. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of FMD virus (FMDV) in reported FMD-suspected cases in cattle from the Kazungula and Mbala districts of Zambia. Sixty epithelial tissues or oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) scrapings (probang samples) were collected from Mbala (n = 51) and Kazungula (n = 9) and examined for FMDV. The FMDV viral RNA and serotypes were examined by realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and antigen Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Twenty-two samples (36.7%) were positive for the FMDV genome by qRT-PCR with Cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 13 to 31. The FMDV-positive samples from epithelial tissues showed relatively higher Ct values compared to those obtained from OP scrapings, irrespective of geographical location. Forty percent (40%; n = 4) of epithelial tissues from Mbala were serotyped into SAT 2 serotype by antigen ELISA. Kazungula samples were serotyped into SAT 1. These findings indicated that Mbala and Kazungula districts had FMD outbreaks in 2012 that were ascribed to at least FMDV serotype SAT 2 and SAT 1 field strains. Furthermore, regular interaction between buffalos from the Mosi-o Tunya Park and domestic animals from surrounding areas could contribute to the occurrence of regular FMD outbreaks in Kazungula, whilst the uncontrolled animal movements across borders between Mbala and Nsumbawanga could be responsible for disease outbreaks in Mbala. In-depth molecular biological studies, including sequencing and phylogeny of the viruses, should be conducted to elucidate the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, thereby providing valuable information needed for the rational control strategy of FMD in Zambia and neighbouring countries.
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12
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Mondal SP, Yamage M. A retrospective study on the epidemiology of anthrax, foot and mouth disease, haemorrhagic septicaemia, peste des petits ruminants and rabies in Bangladesh, 2010-2012. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104435. [PMID: 25101836 PMCID: PMC4125197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax, foot and mouth disease (FMD), haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and rabies are considered to be endemic in Bangladesh. This retrospective study was conducted to understand the geographic and seasonal distribution of these major infectious diseases in livestock based on data collected through passive surveillance from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. Data analysis for this period revealed 5,937 cases of anthrax, 300,333 of FMD, 13,436 of HS, 247,783 of PPR and 14,085 cases of dog bite/rabies. While diseases were reported in almost every district of the country, the highest frequency of occurrence corresponded to the susceptible livestock population in the respective districts. There was no significant difference in the disease occurrences between districts bordering India/Myanmar and non-border districts (p>0.05). Significantly higher (p<0.01) numbers of anthrax (84.5%), FMD (88.3%), HS (84.9%) and dog bite/rabies (64.3%) cases were reported in cattle than any other species. PPR cases were reported mostly (94.8%) in goats with only isolated cases (5.2%) in sheep. The diseases occur throughout the year with peak numbers reported during June through September and lowest during December through April, with significant differences (p<0.01) between the months. The annual usages of vaccines for anthrax, FMD, HS and PPR were only 7.31%, 0.61%, 0.84% and 11.59% of the susceptible livestock population, respectively. Prophylactic vaccination against rabies was 21.16% of cases. There were significant differences (p<0.01) in the administration of anthrax, FMD and HS vaccines between border and non-border districts, but not PPR or rabies vaccines. We recommend that surveillance and reporting of these diseases need to be improved throughout the country. Furthermore, all suspected clinical cases should be confirmed by laboratory examination. The findings of this study can be used in the formulation of more effective disease management and control strategies, including appropriate vaccination policies in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar P. Mondal
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Mat Yamage
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ahsan M, Hasan B, Algotsson M, Sarenbo S. Handling and welfare of bovine livestock at local abattoirs in Bangladesh. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2014; 17:340-53. [PMID: 24766081 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2014.905782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) allows rope casting and the tying of legs for nonhuman animal slaughter without stunning. The handling and welfare of bovine livestock (Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis) were studied in 8 local abattoirs in 5 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 302 animals were evaluated. At the local abattoirs, approximately 1/3 of the cattle and water buffalo were either emaciated or injured/sick. The size and vigor of the animals determined the casting method. Small and weak animals were cast on concrete floors by lifting a foreleg followed by pushing, or simply by twisting the head of the animal and then binding the legs with rope. Vigorous animals such as buffalo were cast using ropes and human force. Bleeding was slow and flaying was sometimes initiated before the animals were unconscious. Pulling and tearing of the trachea and pouring of water into the exposed trachea shortly after cutting were also observed in some cases. The overall animal handling was unnecessarily rough and the OIE standards were not implemented. Animals are subjected to considerable mistreatment, and there is an urgent need for the training and education of the staff in abattoirs concerning humane slaughtering practices as well as a need to build modern slaughtering plants in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murshidul Ahsan
- a Department of Microbiology and Hygiene , Bangladesh Agricultural University , Mymensingh , Bangladesh
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Subramaniam S, Sanyal A, Mohapatra JK, Sharma GK, Biswal JK, Ranjan R, Rout M, Das B, Bisht P, Mathapati BS, Dash BB, Pattnaik B. Emergence of a novel lineage genetically divergent from the predominant Ind2001 lineage of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 18:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nandi SP, Rahman MZ, Momtaz S, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Emergence and Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and O in Bangladesh. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:328-31. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Nandi
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. Z. Rahman
- Virology Laboratory; ICDDR, B; Mohakhali Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - S. Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. Sultana
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - M. A. Hossain
- Department of Microbiology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
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Yuvaraj S, Madhanmohan M, Nagendrakumar S, Kumar R, Mohana Subramanian B, Mohapatra JK, Sanyal A, Pattnaik B, Srinivasan V. Genetic and antigenic characterization of Indian foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O isolates collected during the period 2001 to 2012. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 13:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Characterization of the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT2 in Egypt. Arch Virol 2012; 158:619-27. [PMID: 23132412 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Egypt affected approximately 40,000 cattle and water buffaloes and killed more than 4,600 animals during February-March 2012. To investigate the etiology of the 2012 outbreak, specimens were collected from six governorates and analyzed using universal primers to amplify the 5' untranslated region (UTR) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Only FMDV-SAT2 was detected, with an overall detection rate of 80.3 %. Complete VP1- and leader-proteinase-coding sequences, obtained from three isolates from three different governorates, were compared with previously reported sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicated that the circulating viruses were homogeneous and were closely related to topotype VII. Importantly, the newly emerged viruses were genetically closely related to strains isolated from Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea and Cameroon between 2000 and 2010, suggesting the dominant nature of this virus and underscoring the need for worldwide intensive surveillance to minimize its devastating consequences.
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Rashtibaf M, Sharifi K, Zibaee S, Dehghani H. A survey on the frequency of foot-and-mouth disease virus carriers in cattle in north-east of Iran by RT-PCR: implications for revising disease control strategy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 59:482-9. [PMID: 22222047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Iran. It is essential to timely evaluate the current disease control programme in Iran. Here, we report the frequency of FMD virus (FMDV) carrier state in cattle slaughtered in Mashhad abattoir, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, north-east of Iran, which contains long common borders with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Soft palate samples were collected immediately after slaughter for the detection of FMDV by RT-PCR. The results show that 37.7% of cattle (96 of 255) were carriers of the virus. Among positive samples (96), 58 (60.4%) belonged to serotype O. No evidence was detected for the presence of Asia 1 and A serotypes. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenic dendogram showed close similarity and common lineage between our samples and viruses isolated in Pakistan. With an approximate more than 80% of cattle population vaccination coverage such a high rate of carrier state may show an extensive FMDV exposure. Therefore, limiting control programmes to timely prophylactic vaccination may be insufficient. This is also true when meat market instabilities act as a temptation to import livestock, legally or illegally, through the eastern frontiers. It is recommended to change the current prophylactic vaccination strategy to a well-developed regional control programme, with close monitoring of animal movement through eastern frontiers, supported by government commitment and educational programmes. Timely estimation of the frequency of carrier state both in cattle and small ruminants is also advocated as a gauge to monitor the virus status in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rashtibaf
- Iranian Veterinary Organization, Khorasan Razavi Province, Mashhad, Iran
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