1
|
Liu P, Mao Y, Xie Y, Wei J, Yao J. Stem cells for treatment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: clinical progress and therapeutic potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:356. [PMID: 35883127 PMCID: PMC9327386 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective treatment strategies for liver fibrosis or cirrhosis are limited. Many clinical trials of stem cells for liver disease shown that stem cells might be a potential therapeutic approach. This review will summarize the published clinical trials of stem cells for the treatment of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and provide the latest overview of various cell sources, cell doses, and delivery methods. We also describe the limitations and strengths of various stem cells in clinical applications. Furthermore, to clarify how stem cells play a therapeutic role in liver fibrosis, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of stem cells for treatment of liver fibrosis, including liver regeneration, immunoregulation, resistance to injury, myofibroblast repression, and extracellular matrix degradation. We provide a perspective for the prospects of future clinical implementation of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinyan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcui Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiayun Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beckwitt CH, Clark AM, Wheeler S, Taylor DL, Stolz DB, Griffith L, Wells A. Liver 'organ on a chip'. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:15-25. [PMID: 29291400 PMCID: PMC5944300 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays critical roles in both homeostasis and pathology. It is the major site of drug metabolism in the body and, as such, a common target for drug-induced toxicity and is susceptible to a wide range of diseases. In contrast to other solid organs, the liver possesses the unique ability to regenerate. The physiological importance and plasticity of this organ make it a crucial system of study to better understand human physiology, disease, and response to exogenous compounds. These aspects have impelled many to develop liver tissue systems for study in isolation outside the body. Herein, we discuss these biologically engineered organoids and microphysiological systems. These aspects have impelled many to develop liver tissue systems for study in isolation outside the body. Herein, we discuss these biologically engineered organoids and microphysiological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Beckwitt
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Research and Development Service, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Research and Development Service, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosheh N, Küppers-Munther B, Asplund A, Edsbagge J, Ulfenborg B, Andersson TB, Björquist P, Andersson CX, Carén H, Simonsson S, Sartipy P, Synnergren J. Comparative transcriptomics of hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and adult human liver tissue. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:430-446. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-HEP) have the potential to replace presently used hepatocyte sources applied in liver disease treatment and models of drug discovery and development. Established hepatocyte differentiation protocols are effective and generate hepatocytes, which recapitulate some key features of their in vivo counterparts. However, generating mature hPSC-HEP remains a challenge. In this study, we applied transcriptomics to investigate the progress of in vitro hepatic differentiation of hPSCs at the developmental stages, definitive endoderm, hepatoblasts, early hPSC-HEP, and mature hPSC-HEP, to identify functional targets that enhance efficient hepatocyte differentiation. Using functional annotation, pathway and protein interaction network analyses, we observed the grouping of differentially expressed genes in specific clusters representing typical developmental stages of hepatic differentiation. In addition, we identified hub proteins and modules that were involved in the cell cycle process at early differentiation stages. We also identified hub proteins that differed in expression levels between hPSC-HEP and the liver tissue controls. Moreover, we identified a module of genes that were expressed at higher levels in the liver tissue samples than in the hPSC-HEP. Considering that hub proteins and modules generally are essential and have important roles in the protein-protein interactions, further investigation of these genes and their regulators may contribute to a better understanding of the differentiation process. This may suggest novel target pathways and molecules for improvement of hPSC-HEP functionality, having the potential to finally bring this technology to a wider use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Ghosheh
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Ulfenborg
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Tommy B. Andersson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Stina Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Sartipy
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Global Medicines Development Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Global Medicines Development Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sa-Ngiamsuntorn K, Wongkajornsilp A, Phanthong P, Borwornpinyo S, Kitiyanant N, Chantratita W, Hongeng S. A robust model of natural hepatitis C infection using hepatocyte-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as a long-term host. Virol J 2016; 13:59. [PMID: 27044429 PMCID: PMC4820862 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) could induce chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in human. The use of primary human hepatocyte as a viral host is restrained with the scarcity of tissue supply. A culture model restricted to HCV genotype 2a (JFH-1) has been established using Huh7-derived hepatocyte. Other genotypes including the wild-type virus could not propagate in Huh7, Huh7.5 and Huh7.5.1 cells. METHODS Functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) were developed from normal human iPS cells as a host for HCV infection. Mature HLCs were identified for selective hepatocyte markers, CYP450s, HCV associated receptors and HCV essential host factors. HLCs were either transfected with JFH-1 HCV RNA or infected with HCV particles derived from patient serum. The enhancing effect of α-tocopherol and the inhibitory effects of INF-α, ribavirin and sofosbuvir to HCV infection were studied. The HCV viral load and HCV RNA were assayed for the infection efficiency. RESULTS The fully-developed HLCs expressed phase I, II, and III drug-metabolizing enzymes, HCV associated receptors (claudin-1, occludin, CD81, ApoE, ApoB, LDL-R) and HCV essential host factors (miR-122 and SEC14L2) comparable to the primary human hepatocyte. SEC14L2, an α-tocopherol transfer protein, was expressed in HLCs, but not in Huh7 cell, had been implicated in effective HCVser infection. The HLCs permitted not only the replication of HCV RNA, but also the production of HCV particles (HCVcc) released to the culture media. HLCs drove higher propagation of HCVcc derived from JFH-1 than did the classical host Huh7 cells. HLCs infected with either JFH-1 or wild-type HCV expressed HCV core antigen, NS5A, NS5B, NS3 and HCV negative-stand RNA. HLCs allowed entire HCV life cycle derived from either JFH-1, HCVcc or wild-type HCV (genotype 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 6f and 6n). Further increasing the HCVser infection in HLCs was achieved by incubating cell with α-tocopherol. The supernatant from infected HLCs could infect both naïve HLC and Huh7 cell. Treating infected HLC with INF-α and ribavirin decreased HCV RNA in both the cellular fraction and the culture medium. The HLCs reacted to HCVcc or wild-type HCV infection by upregulating TNF-α, IL-28B and IL-29. CONCLUSIONS This robust cell culture model for serum-derived HCV using HLCs as host cells provides a remarkable system for investigating HCV life cycle, HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development and the screening for new anti HCV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanit Sa-Ngiamsuntorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Adisak Wongkajornsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Phetcharat Phanthong
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Narisorn Kitiyanant
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchatewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Highly Synchronized Expression of Lineage-Specific Genes during In Vitro Hepatic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8648356. [PMID: 26949401 PMCID: PMC4753346 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8648356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells- (hPSCs-) derived hepatocytes have the potential to replace many hepatic models in drug discovery and provide a cell source for regenerative medicine applications. However, the generation of fully functional hPSC-derived hepatocytes is still a challenge. Towards gaining better understanding of the differentiation and maturation process, we employed a standardized protocol to differentiate six hPSC lines into hepatocytes and investigated the synchronicity of the hPSC lines by applying RT-qPCR to assess the expression of lineage-specific genes (OCT4, NANOG, T, SOX17, CXCR4, CER1, HHEX, TBX3, PROX1, HNF6, AFP, HNF4a, KRT18, ALB, AAT, and CYP3A4) which serve as markers for different stages during liver development. The data was evaluated using correlation and clustering analysis, demonstrating that the expression of these markers is highly synchronized and correlated well across all cell lines. The analysis also revealed a distribution of the markers in groups reflecting the developmental stages of hepatocytes. Functional analysis of the differentiated cells further confirmed their hepatic phenotype. Taken together, these results demonstrate, on the molecular level, the highly synchronized differentiation pattern across multiple hPSC lines. Moreover, this study provides additional understanding for future efforts to improve the functionality of hPSC-derived hepatocytes and thereby increase the value of related models.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kakisaka K, Kataoka K, Onodera M, Suzuki A, Endo K, Tatemichi Y, Kuroda H, Ishida K, Takikawa Y. Alpha-fetoprotein: A biomarker for the recruitment of progenitor cells in the liver in patients with acute liver injury or failure. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:E12-20. [PMID: 25376981 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The optimal conditions for hepatocyte proliferation should be clarified in an attempt to improve the impaired liver regeneration observed in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). In order to evaluate the significance of the serum α-fetoprotein (AFP). level and prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR) as possible biomarkers of the proliferation of liver stem/progenitor cells (LPC) and mature hepatocytes (MH), respectively, we focused on donors of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and patients with acute liver injury (ALI), including ALF. METHODS Seventy-three patients with ALI/ALF and 11 donors for LDLT were evaluated. LPC induction was histologically evaluated using cytokeratin (CK)-7 staining in 45 ALI/ALF patients. RESULTS The AFP level was not apparently elevated during the observation period in any of the LDLT donors, whereas the serum AFP levels were substantially increased in the patients with ALI/ALF and significantly correlated with the number of CK-7 positive LPC in the liver, except for very severe damaged liver. All patients exhibiting an early peak in the AFP level prior to PT-INR elevation died. CONCLUSION The serum AFP level may reflect the induction of LPC in ALI/ALF patients. The substantial and persistent induction of LPC until sufficient regeneration of MH may be needed for a recovery from ALF. We herein demonstrate that the serum AFP level may be a serum marker of LPC in patients with ALI/ALF. A comparison of the serial changes in the AFP levels and PT-INR in our study patients showed impaired proliferation of LPC and delayed recovery of MH in the patients who died.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kakisaka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kojiro Kataoka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mio Onodera
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kei Endo
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tatemichi
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khetani SR, Berger DR, Ballinger KR, Davidson MD, Lin C, Ware BR. Microengineered liver tissues for drug testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:216-50. [PMID: 25617027 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214566939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of drug attrition. Significant and well-documented differences between animals and humans in liver pathways now necessitate the use of human-relevant in vitro liver models for testing new chemical entities during preclinical drug development. Consequently, several human liver models with various levels of in vivo-like complexity have been developed for assessment of drug metabolism, toxicity, and efficacy on liver diseases. Recent trends leverage engineering tools, such as those adapted from the semiconductor industry, to enable precise control over the microenvironment of liver cells and to allow for miniaturization into formats amenable for higher throughput drug screening. Integration of liver models into organs-on-a-chip devices, permitting crosstalk between tissue types, is actively being pursued to obtain a systems-level understanding of drug effects. Here, we review the major trends, challenges, and opportunities associated with development and implementation of engineered liver models created from primary cells, cell lines, and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. We also present key applications where such models are currently making an impact and highlight areas for improvement. In the future, engineered liver models will prove useful for selecting drugs that are efficacious, safer, and, in some cases, personalized for specific patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman R Khetani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dustin R Berger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kimberly R Ballinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christine Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brenton R Ware
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Okura H, Soeda M, Morita M, Fujita M, Naba K, Ito C, Ichinose A, Matsuyama A. Therapeutic potential of human adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells in liver fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:860-5. [PMID: 25490388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis, systemic injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was considered to rescue the diseased phenotype. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of human adipose tissue-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) in improving liver fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS hADMPCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissues of healthy volunteers and expanded. Six week-old male nude mice were treated with carbon tetra-chloride (CCl4) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 6 weeks, followed by a tail vein injection of hADMPCs or placebo control. After 6 more weeks of CCl4 injection (12 weeks in all), nude mice with hADMPCs transplants exhibited a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Sirius Red staining, compared with nude mice treated with CCl4 for 12 weeks without hADMPCs transplants. Moreover, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase and total bilirubin levels in hADMPCs-treated nude mice were lower levels than those in placebo controls. Production of fibrinolytic enzyme MMPs from hADMPCs were examined by ELISA and compared to that from BM-MSCs. MMP-2 levels in the culture media were not significantly different, whereas those of MMP-3 and -9 of hADMPCs were higher than those by BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION These results showed the mode of action and proof of concept of systemic injection of hADMPCs, which is a promising therapeutic intervention for the treatment of patients with liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; The Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0879, Japan
| | - Mayumi Soeda
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Morita
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujita
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kyoko Naba
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Ito
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichinose
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 5-5-2-602 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; The Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0879, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xing Q, Luo Y, Gao Y, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Shu G, Lou C, Wang J, Wang P, Du Z. Hepatectomised patient sera promote hepatocyte differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:731-7. [PMID: 24881854 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells, could provide a source for liver regeneration and bio-artificial liver devices. However, the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells is significantly lower than that of primary hepatocytes. AIMS To investigate whether serum from patients undergoing hepatectomy might promote differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells. METHODS Serum from patients undergoing hepatectomy (acquired pre-hepatectomy and 3 hours, 1 day and 3 days post-hepatectomy) was used to replace foetal bovine serum when differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Properties of hepatocyte-like cells were assessed and compared with cells cultured in foetal bovine serum. RESULTS The differentiation efficiency and functionality of hepatocyte-like cells cultured in human serum 3 hours and 1 day post-hepatectomy were superior to those cultured in foetal bovine serum and human serum pre-hepatectomy. Human serum 3 days post-hepatectomy had an equal effect to that of human serum pre-hepatectomy. Some cytochrome P450 isozyme transcript levels of hepatocyte-like cells cultured in human serum were higher than those cultured in foetal bovine serum. CONCLUSION Human serum, particularly that acquired relatively soon after hepatectomy, can enhance the differentiation efficiency and functionality of hepatocyte-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhe Xing
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiming Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Du
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vosough M, Omidinia E, Kadivar M, Shokrgozar MA, Pournasr B, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a scalable suspension culture. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2693-705. [PMID: 23731381 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapies in animal models of hepatic failure have led to an increased appreciation of the need to translate the proof-of-principle concepts into more practical and feasible protocols for scale up and manufacturing of functional hepatocytes. In this study, we describe a scalable stirred-suspension bioreactor culture of functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from the human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). To promote the initial differentiation of hPSCs in a carrier-free suspension stirred bioreactor into definitive endoderm, we used rapamycin for "priming" phase and activin A for induction. The cells were further differentiated into HLCs in the same system. HLCs were characterized and then purified based on their physiological function, the uptake of DiI-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by flow cytometry without genetic manipulation or antibody labeling. The sorted cells were transplanted into the spleens of mice with acute liver injury from carbon tetrachloride. The differentiated HLCs had multiple features of primary hepatocytes, for example, the expression patterns of liver-specific marker genes, albumin secretion, urea production, collagen synthesis, indocyanin green and LDL uptake, glycogen storage, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity. They increased the survival rate, engrafted successfully into the liver, and continued to present hepatic function (i.e., albumin secretion after implantation). This amenable scaling up and outlined enrichment strategy provides a new platform for generating functional HLCs. This integrated approach may facilitate biomedical applications of the hPSC-derived hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Vosough
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fattahi F, Asgari S, Pournasr B, Seifinejad A, Totonchi M, Taei A, Aghdami N, Salekdeh GH, Baharvand H. Disease-corrected hepatocyte-like cells from familial hypercholesterolemia-induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:863-73. [PMID: 23247991 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from an individual patient provides a unique tool for disease modeling, drug discovery, and cell replacement therapies. Patient-specific pluripotent stem cells can be expanded in vitro and are thus suitable for genetic manipulations. To date, several genetic liver disorders have been modeled using patient-specific hiPSCs. Here, we present the generation of corrected hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hiPSCs of a familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patient with a homozygous mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. We generated hiPSCs from a patient with FH with the mutated gene encoding a truncated non-functional receptor. In order to deliver normal LDLR to the defective cells, we used a plasmid vector carrying the normal receptor ORF to genetically transform the hiPSCs. The transformed cells were expanded and directed toward HLCs. Undifferentiated defective hiPSCs and HLCs differentiated from the defective hiPSCs did not have the ability to uptake labeled low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The differentiated transformed hiPSCs showed LDL-uptake ability and the correction of disease phenotype as well as expressions of hepatocyte-specific markers. The functionality of differentiated cells was also confirmed by indo-cyanine green (ICG) uptake assay, PAS staining, inducible cyp450 activity, and oil red staining. These data suggest that hiPSC technology can be used for generation of disease-corrected, patient-specific HLCs with potential value for disease modeling and drug discovery as well as cell therapy applications in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Fattahi
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Detailed knowledge regarding the influence of hepatic transport proteins on drug disposition has advanced at a rapid pace over the past decade. Efflux transport proteins located in the basolateral and apical (canalicular) membranes of hepatocytes play an important role in the hepatic elimination of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs and metabolites. This review focuses on the role of these efflux transporters in hepatic drug excretion. The impact of these proteins as underlying factors for disease is highlighted, and the importance of hepatic efflux proteins in the efficacy and toxicity of drugs is discussed. In addition, a brief overview of methodology to evaluate the function of hepatic efflux transport proteins is provided. Current challenges in predicting the impact of altered efflux protein function on systemic, intestinal, and hepatocyte exposure to drugs and metabolites are highlighted.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Single-step protocol for the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatic progenitor-like cells. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:18-22. [PMID: 24648886 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ideal sources of hepatocyte for transplantation into patients experiencing hepatic failure. Growth and transcription factors were analyzed to design a single-step protocol for the differentiation of iPS cells into hepatocytes. The expression of transcription factors was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared among iPS cells, as well as fetal and adult liver cells. iPS cells were cultured with growth factors and RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of transcription factors. iPS cells were introduced with transcription factors, cultured with growth factors and subjected to real-time quantitative PCR. Indocyanine green (ICG) was added to the medium as a hepatocyte marker. Sox17, GATA4, GATA6, FoxA2, HEX, HNF4α and C/EBPα were expressed in fetal and adult liver cells, but not in iPS cells. Sox17, GATA6 and HNF4α were expressed after exposure a combination of oncostatin M, epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, dexamethasone and ITS (OERDITS). When iPS cells were introduced with FoxA2, GATA4, HEX and C/EBPα and cultured with OERDITS for 8 days, the cells expressed α-fetoprotein, δ-like (Dlk)-1 and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), and ICG uptake was observed. Exposure to FoxA2, GATA4, HEX and C/EBPα and culturing with OERDITS supplementation potentially serves as a single-step inducer for the differentiation of iPS cells into hepatic progenitor-like cells within 8 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived hepatocytes: rising promise for disease modeling, drug development and cell therapy. Protein Cell 2012; 3:246-50. [PMID: 22441839 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the study of human hepatocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) represent new promises for liver disease study and drug discovery. Human hepatocytes or hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPSC recapitulate many functional properties of primary human hepatocytes and have been demonstrated as a powerful and efficient tool to model human liver metabolic diseases and facilitate drug development process. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in this field and discuss the future perspective of the application of human iPSC derived hepatocytes.
Collapse
|