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Canine mammary carcinoma: current therapeutic targets and future perspectives – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is the most common neoplasm in bitches, and it shares many biological similarities with breast cancer in humans. Drug resistance, high epigenetic mutations, and relapse rates are among the challenges which eventually urge the need for a veterinary oncologist to discover new therapeutic approaches that are more effective and safer. Therefore, in this review, we also cover the current therapeutic strategies from human medicine for the future perspectives of tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine. These strategies have great potential to be employed as therapeutic or prophylactic options due to their ability to modulate a specific and potent immune response against CMC. As we acquire a better understanding of canine tumor immunology, we can move towards a brighter prognosis. Additionally, we report on the recent successful studies in breast cancer that may benefit canines as well.
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Sá E Lemos E, Lima de Carvalho H, Gil da Costa RM, Pinto da Cunha N. Carcinocythemia: First report in a cat and literature review. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:142-145. [PMID: 29360147 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old female neutered European Shorthair cat was presented with a 2-day history of lethargy and hyporexia. On physical examination, the cat was slightly depressed and had a 2.5 cm nodule in the left 3rd mammary gland. The hemogram revealed mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia and moderate thrombocytopenia. On blood smear evaluation, rare pleomorphic cells, possibly of epithelial origin, were observed mainly at the feathered edge. The animal died about 12 hours after presentation, and a necropsy was performed. On histopathology, the mammary nodule was diagnosed as a tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma with vascular invasion and widespread metastases. Immunocytochemical tests for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) confirmed the epithelial phenotype of the neoplastic cells observed on the blood smear. The present report describes a feline mammary carcinoma with widespread metastases and the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the peripheral blood referred to as carcinocythemia. This condition has been previously described in people and dogs. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline carcinocythemia. As in other species, the phenomenon was associated with a terminal phase of systemic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sá E Lemos
- CEDIVET - Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- CEDIVET - Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, Porto, Portugal.,LEPABE - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Pinto da Cunha
- CEDIVET - Laboratório Clínico Veterinário, Porto, Portugal.,ULHT - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa, Portugal
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Piane L, Sayag D, Lermuzeaux J, Semin MO, Lamour-Layssol C, Aumann M, Trumel C. What is your diagnosis? Abnormal cells on a blood smear from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:461-2. [PMID: 24889354 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piane
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, INSERM, UMS 006, Toulouse, France
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Singer J, Fazekas J, Wang W, Weichselbaumer M, Matz M, Mader A, Steinfellner W, Meitz S, Mechtcheriakova D, Sobanov Y, Willmann M, Stockner T, Spillner E, Kunert R, Jensen-Jarolim E. Generation of a canine anti-EGFR (ErbB-1) antibody for passive immunotherapy in dog cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1777-1790. [PMID: 24755200 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies represents a cornerstone of human anticancer therapies, but has not been established in veterinary medicine yet. As the tumor-associated antigen EGFR (ErbB-1) is highly conserved between humans and dogs, and considering the effectiveness of the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab in human clinical oncology, we present here a "caninized" version of this antibody, can225IgG, for comparative oncology studies. Variable region genes of 225, the murine precursor of cetuximab, were fused with canine constant heavy gamma and kappa chain genes, respectively, and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DUKX-B11 cells. Of note, 480 clones were screened and the best clones were selected according to productivity and highest specificity in EGFR-coated ELISA. Upon purification with Protein G, the recombinant cetuximab-like canine IgG was tested for integrity, correct assembly, and functionality. Specific binding to the surface of EGFR-overexpressing cells was assessed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence; moreover, binding to canine mammary tissue was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In cell viability and proliferation assays, incubation with can225IgG led to significant tumor cell growth inhibition. Moreover, this antibody mediated significant tumor cell killing via phagocytosis in vitro. We thus present here, for the first time, the generation of a canine IgG antibody and its hypothetical structure. On the basis of its cetuximab-like binding site, on the one hand, and the expression of a 91% homologous EGFR molecule in canine cancer, on the other hand, this antibody may be a promising research compound to establish passive immunotherapy in dog patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna
| | - Judit Fazekas
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna
- Department for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Marlene Weichselbaumer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna
| | - Miroslawa Matz
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Alexander Mader
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT-BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Willibald Steinfellner
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT-BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Meitz
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna
| | - Diana Mechtcheriakova
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Yuri Sobanov
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Michael Willmann
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Edzard Spillner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT-BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna
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