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Aherne M, Borgarelli M, Menciotti G, Lahmers SM, Abbott JA. Evaluation of right ventricular function using conventional and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Cardiol 2024; 56:8-22. [PMID: 39278151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES To compare conventional and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic indices of right ventricular (RV) systolic function in dogs with various stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), classified according to the 2009 guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), with those from normal dogs. ANIMALS Seventy-eight unsedated dogs (22 healthy controls, 23 ACVIM stage B1 MMVD, 20 ACVIM stage B2 MMVD, and 13 ACVIM stage C MMVD) were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS All dogs underwent conventional and 3D echocardiography. Three-dimensional RV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) were recorded. Right ventricular EDV, ESV, and SV were indexed to bodyweight. Echocardiographic variables were compared across groups using a Kruskal-Wallis test with subsequent post hoc analysis using Dunn's method for multiple comparisons between groups. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Right ventricular EDV was smaller in stage B1 (P=0.012), stage B2 (P=0.035), and stage C (P=0.004) dogs than in controls. Stage B2 (P=0.003) and stage C (P<0.001) dogs had smaller RV ESV than controls. Stage B1 dogs had smaller RV SV than controls (P=0.012). Right ventricular EF was greater in stage C dogs than in controls (P=0.003) and in stage B1 (P=0.017) dogs. CONCLUSIONS Several 3D echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function differ between dogs with advanced MMVD when compared with normal dogs. Further investigation is required to determine if these differences have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aherne
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - M Borgarelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - G Menciotti
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - S M Lahmers
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - J A Abbott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Legler M, Koy L, Kummerfeld N, Fehr M. Diastolic and Systolic Longitudinal Myocardial Velocities of Healthy Racing Pigeons ( Columba livia f. domestica) Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020023. [PMID: 33572501 PMCID: PMC7912189 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a noninvasive sonographic method of acquiring and quantifying myocardial velocities. This technique is used in human and small animal medicine to diagnose cardiac diseases. Using this technique, we evaluated the longitudinal myocardial peak velocities of the interventricular septum, and the left and right ventricular free walls in the systole and diastole in 40 racing pigeons. The TDI examinations confirmed the movement of the heart base toward the apex in the systole and away from the apex in the diastole. Inhomogeneous distribution of the myocardial velocities with a statistically significant velocity gradient from the basal to the apical myocardial segments was found. The left and right free walls have significantly higher myocardial velocities than the myocardium of the septum. The myocardial velocities during active ventricular filling were significantly higher in the right ventricular free wall than in the left one. The validation of the method resulted in coefficients of variation between 3% and 33% for the systolic and 3% and 75% for the diastolic individual myocardial velocities. Weekly repeated measurements resulted in variation coefficients between 3% and 45% for systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities, respectively.
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Moura L, Rodrigues R, Silva A, Pessoa G, Sousa F, Barbosa M, Souza A, Alves J, Macedo K, Diniz A, Silva E, Araújo J, Marques D, Cavalcante-Filho M, Alves F. Echocardiographic reference ranges for sedated healthy peccaries ( Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus , 1758 ). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Peccaries are wild mammals belonging to the Tayassu genus that are found almost everywhere in the Americas and have demonstrated great potential as an experimental model for scientific investigations. Twelve healthy adult animals were sedated to perform echocardiographic examinations in B, M and Doppler mode. The variables that exhibited statistically significant correlation coefficients with weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A’RV, MAM, and TAPSE. The HR exhibited a negative relationship with the IVRT. The LA variable showed a positive correlation with the AO. The MAM exhibited correlations with the LVIDd and LVIDs. The TAPSE showed positive correlations with the E’RV and A’RV. The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes from peccaries anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography was easy to perform in collared peccaries, and the collected data revealed values that can aid in their clinical management and conservation.
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Chetboul V, Damoiseaux C, Lefebvre HP, Concordet D, Desquilbet L, Gouni V, Poissonnier C, Pouchelon JL, Tissier R. Quantitative assessment of systolic and diastolic right ventricular function by echocardiography and speckle-tracking imaging: a prospective study in 104 dogs. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:683-692. [PMID: 30041288 PMCID: PMC6167344 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.5.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was (1) to determine the within-day and between-day variability of several indices of systolic and diastolic right ventricular (RV) function by using conventional echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) (Study 1), (2) to quantify these variables in a large healthy canine population (n = 104) with Doppler-derived estimated systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) and left ventricular (LV) function, and (3) to establish the corresponding reference intervals (Study 2). For both studies, RV variables included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right fractional area change (RFAC), STE longitudinal systolic strain (StS) of the RV free wall (RVFW) and of the entire RV (i.e., global RV StS), STE longitudinal systolic RVFW strain rate (SRS), and the diastolic early:late strain rate ratio. All but one within- and between-day coefficients of variation (13/14) were < 15%, the lowest being observed for TAPSE (3.6–9.8%), global RV StS (3.8–9.9%), and RVFW StS (3.7–7.3%). SPAP was weakly and negatively correlated with the TAPSE:body weight ratio (rs = −0.26, p = 0.01) and RVFW SRS (rs = −0.23, p < 0.05). Reference intervals (lower and upper limits with 90% confidence intervals) were provided for all variables. STE provides a non-invasive evaluation of RV function that may be used for clinical investigations in canine cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chetboul
- Alfort Cardiology Unit (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France.,Inserm U955, Team 03, Créteil, 94010 Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Damoiseaux
- Alfort Cardiology Unit (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France
| | - Hervé P Lefebvre
- Research Clinic Unit, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse University, Toulouse, F-31076 Cedex 03, France
| | - Didier Concordet
- TOXALIM, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, INRA, Toulouse University, Toulouse, F-31076 Cedex 03, France
| | - Loic Desquilbet
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France
| | - Vassiliki Gouni
- Alfort Cardiology Unit (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France.,Inserm U955, Team 03, Créteil, 94010 Cedex, France
| | - Camille Poissonnier
- Alfort Cardiology Unit (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pouchelon
- Alfort Cardiology Unit (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France.,Inserm U955, Team 03, Créteil, 94010 Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Tissier
- Inserm U955, Team 03, Créteil, 94010 Cedex, France.,Pharmacology-Toxicology Unit, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Cedex, France
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Cunningham S, Aona B, Antoon K, Rush J, Barton B. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol 2018; 20:343-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Visser LC, Scansen BA, Brown NV, Schober KE, Bonagura JD. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in conscious healthy dogs following a single dose of pimobendan versus atenolol. J Vet Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Visser LC, Scansen BA, Schober KE, Bonagura JD. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in conscious healthy dogs: Repeatability and reference intervals. J Vet Cardiol 2015; 17:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Tater G, Eberle N, Hungerbuehler S, Joetzke A, Nolte I, Wess G, Betz D. Assessment of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tissue velocity imaging (TVI) in 14 dogs with malignant lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:55-64. [PMID: 25664927 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin has been shown to be cardiotoxic at high doses but is an efficacious chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of canine lymphoma. Echocardiographic measurements and serum ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were obtained before and after doxorubicin administration in 14 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate changes in cTnI concentrations and tissue velocity imaging (TVI) values in dogs with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy with doxorubicin. A total of 182 cTnI and 1017 TVI measurements were performed. Standard echocardiographic parameters, tissue Doppler indices and cTnI concentrations did not differ at any time point within a 12-week cyclic combination protocol. In conclusion, the use of doxorubicin at standard doses in the treatment of canine lymphoma may not be associated with significant myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tater
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - N Eberle
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Hungerbuehler
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Joetzke
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Wess
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, LMU-University, Munich, Germany
| | - D Betz
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Casamian-Sorrosal D, Saunders R, Browne W, Elliot S, Fonfara S. Left ventricular radial colour and longitudinal pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echocardiography in 39 healthy domestic pet rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:376-81. [PMID: 25089025 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports radial colour and longitudinal mitral annulus pulsed-wave tissue Doppler findings in a large cohort of healthy, adult pet rabbits. Thirty-nine rabbits (22 Dwarf Lops, 14 French Lops and three Alaskans) underwent conscious echocardiography. The median age of the rabbits was 22 months and the median weight was 2.8 kg (Dwarf Lop 2.4 kg/French Lop 6.0 kg). Adequate radial colour and longitudinal pulsed-wave tissue Doppler traces were obtained in 100% and 85% of cases, respectively. Most systolic tissue Doppler parameters were significantly higher in French Lops than in Dwarf Lops. Separation of mitral inflow diastolic waves was present in 40% of cases using conventional spectral Doppler and in >60% of cases using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler which could be beneficial when evaluating diastolic function in rabbits. This study can be used as a reference for normal echocardiographic tissue Doppler values for adult rabbits undergoing conscious echocardiography in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Casamian-Sorrosal
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit, Small Animal Hospital, Langford Veterinary Service and School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK.
| | | | - William Browne
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Maths and Ecology Group, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Sarah Elliot
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit, Small Animal Hospital, Langford Veterinary Service and School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Sonja Fonfara
- Langford Cardio-Respiratory Unit, Small Animal Hospital, Langford Veterinary Service and School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK
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11
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Fraga Veloso G, Fraga Manteiga E, Trehy M, Freeman A, McConnell JF, Dukes McEwan J. Septic pericarditis and myocardial abscess in an English Springer spaniel. J Vet Cardiol 2013; 16:39-44. [PMID: 24444896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Septic pericarditis and myocardial abscess are rare conditions in dogs. They are usually caused by foreign bodies, penetrating wounds, systemic infections or extension of local infections such as endocarditis, pleuritis or pulmonary infections to the myocardial tissue. Here we report a septic pericardial effusion and myocardial abscess in a young English Springer spaniel presenting with a long history of pyrexia and lethargy. No cause could clearly be identified although a penetrating injury or dissolving foreign body was highly suspected. The patient was successfully treated with a surgical approach in combination with broad spectrum antibacterials resulting in resolution of clinical signs without recurrence of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fraga Veloso
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Eduardo Fraga Manteiga
- Hospital for Small Animal, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mary Trehy
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Alistair Freeman
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - J Fraser McConnell
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Joanna Dukes McEwan
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK
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Chetboul V, Lichtenberger J, Mellin M, Mercera B, Hoffmann AC, Chaix G, Trehiou-Sechi E, Misbach C, Petit A, Lefebvre HP, Gaide N, Tissier R, Delfour F. Within-day and between-day variability of transthoracic anatomic M-mode echocardiography in the awake bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Cardiol 2012; 14:511-8. [PMID: 23102806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of transthoracic echocardiography in dolphins has been limited so far owing to technical and anatomical specificities. Anatomic M-mode (AMM) is a postprocessing echocardiographic technique generating M-mode studies from two-dimensional (2D) cineloops independently of the ultrasound beam orientation. The aim of the present study was to determine the within-day (repeatability) and between-day (reproducibility) variability of AMM echocardiography in awake healthy bottlenose dolphins (BN, Tursiops truncatus). Four adult BN trained to lie in left recumbency at the water surface were involved in the protocol. A total of 96 echocardiographic examinations were performed on 4 different days by a trained observer examining each BN 6 times per day. Video clips of 2D left parasternal long-axis views showing the left ventricle (LV) ventrally and the aortic root dorsally were recorded at each examination and analyzed for AMM measurements in a random order. A general linear model was used to determine the within-day and between-day coefficients of variation (CV). All examinations were interpretable allowing calculation of 10 AMM variables (i.e., end-diastolic and end-systolic ventral and dorsal LV myocardial wall thicknesses as well as LV and aortic diameters, mean aortic diameter, and LV shortening fraction). Most within- and between-day CV values (18/20) were <15%, the lowest being observed for the end-diastolic LV diameter (1.6%). In conclusion, AMM provides a simple non-invasive evaluation of heart morphology and function in the awake BN with good repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements. Further studies are required to determine the corresponding reference intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chetboul
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
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Pariaut R, Saelinger C, Strickland K, Beaufrère H, Reynolds C, Vila J. Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in Dogs: Reference Values and Impact of Pulmonary Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1148-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pariaut
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
| | - C. Saelinger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
| | - K.N. Strickland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
| | - H. Beaufrère
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
| | - C.A. Reynolds
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
| | - J. Vila
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; LSU School of Veterinary Medicine; Baton Rouge; LA
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Simak J, Keller L, Killich M, Hartmann K, Wess G. Color-coded longitudinal interventricular septal tissue velocity imaging, strain and strain rate in healthy Doberman Pinschers. J Vet Cardiol 2011; 13:1-11. [PMID: 21315672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine reference values for septal longitudinal tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in Doberman Pinschers. BACKGROUND TDI includes several new techniques, such as tissue velocity imaging (TVI), strain, and strain rate that might be used to detect early myocardial dysfunction. However, before these techniques can be used, breed specific reference ranges need to be established. ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred healthy Doberman Pinschers ≥ 4 years of age were prospectively evaluated using electrocardiography, Holter recording, and echocardiography. Systolic, early and late diastolic parameters of septal longitudinal color-coded TVI, strain, and strain rate were analyzed in three myocardial segments (basal, middle, and apical). RESULTS TDI was feasible in all Doberman Pinschers. Reference values were established for every myocardial segment. There was a significant velocity gradient from the basal to the apical segment for all TVI parameters. No differences between the three segments were found for systolic strain and strain rate. Several diastolic strain rate values were significantly different between myocardial segments. Influence of age, weight, and gender was not clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides reference values for TVI, strain, and strain rate in Doberman Pinschers. The parameters established here can be used for a supportive diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Simak
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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Wess G, Keller LJ, Klausnitzer M, Killich M, Hartmann K. Comparison of longitudinal myocardial tissue velocity, strain, and strain rate measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking and by color tissue Doppler imaging in healthy dogs. J Vet Cardiol 2011; 13:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chetboul V. Advanced techniques in echocardiography in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:529-43. [PMID: 20610009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transthoracic echocardiography has become a major imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of canine and feline cardiovascular diseases. During the last decade, more recent advances in ultrasound technology with the introduction of newer imaging modalities, such as tissue Doppler imaging, strain and strain rate imaging, and 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, have provided new parameters to assess myocardial performance, including regional myocardial velocities and deformation, ventricular twist, and mechanical synchrony. An outline of these 4 recent ultrasound techniques, their impact on the understanding of right and left ventricular function in small animals, and their application in research and clinical settings are given in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chetboul
- Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
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Mercier E, Mathieu M, Sandersen CF, Delvaux FH, Clercx CM, Entee KM. Evaluation of the influence of age on pulmonary arterial pressure by use of right ventricular catheterization, pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging in healthy Beagles. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:891-7. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.8.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wess G, Killich M, Hartmann K. Comparison of Pulsed Wave and Color Doppler Myocardial Velocity Imaging in Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:360-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tidholm A, Ljungvall I, Höglund K, Westling A, Häggström J. Tissue Doppler and Strain Imaging in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Different Stages of Congestive Heart Failure. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:1197-207. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A, Sboros V, Simpson K, Anderson T, McDicken WN. Colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in healthy cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:330-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2008.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hori Y, Ukai Y, Hoshi F, Higuchi SI. Volume loading-related changes in tissue Doppler images derived from the tricuspid valve annulus in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:33-8. [PMID: 18167084 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between preload and tricuspid valve annulus-derived tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) as an index of right ventricular (RV) filling in dogs. ANIMALS 7 Beagles. PROCEDURES Peak systolic RV pressure and RV end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) were measured in anesthetized dogs. Pulsed Doppler was used to measure tricuspid valve inflow and pulmonary valve outflow velocities. The TDI velocities were measured at the lateral corner of the tricuspid valve annulus. Lactated Ringer's solution was infused at 200 mL/kg/h for 60 minutes via the cephalic vein. RESULTS IV infusion significantly increased heart rate, RV pressure, and RVEDP. Early diastolic flow (E-wave) and ejection time significantly increased. The myocardial performance index (MPI) significantly decreased. Intravenous infusion significantly increased the ratio of the E'-wave (peak myocardial velocity during early diastole) to the A'-wave (peak myocardial velocity during late diastole; E':A' ratio) and myocardial velocity during systole (S'), early diastole (E'), and late diastole (A'). The TDI-isovolumic relaxation time and TDI-MPI decreased significantly. The RVEDP was correlated with late diastolic flow (A-wave), ratio of the E-wave to the A-wave (E:A ratio), E'-wave, A'-wave, S'-wave (peak myocardial velocity during systole), TDI-isovolumic relaxation time, TDI-MPI, and ratio of the E-wave to the E'-wave (E: E' ratio). The A-wave and E:A ratio and TDI-derived isovolumic relaxation time, S' duration, and E'-wave could predict the RVEDP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The TDI velocities were affected by RV filling pressure in healthy dogs, whereas other TDI profiles, such as MPI and E':A' ratio, were independent of acute filling abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Hori Y, Kunihiro SI, Hoshi F, Higuchi SI. Comparison of the myocardial performance index derived by use of pulsed Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in dogs with volume overload. Am J Vet Res 2008; 68:1177-82. [PMID: 17975971 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.11.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the myocardial performance index (MPI) determined by use of pulsed Doppler (PD) echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the response to volume overload-related changes in left ventricle (LV) performance. ANIMALS 7 male Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized and intubated. A 6-F fluid-filled catheter was placed in the LV to measure LV peak systolic (LVPs) and LV end-diastolic (LVED) pressures. Preload was increased by IV infusion of lactated Ringer's solution (rate of 200 mL/kg/h for 60 minutes) into a cephalic vein. Transmitral flow velocities and aortic outflow were measured, and TDI velocities were obtained from the 4-chamber view. RESULTS Acute volume overload induced a significant increase in heart rate, LVPs pressure, and LVED pressure, compared with baseline values. A significant decrease in the PD-MPI and TDI-MPI values and a significant correlation (r = 0.70) between PD-MPI and TDI-MPI were detected. The PD-derived A-wave velocity, ejection time, and isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) and the TDI-derived IRT, MPI, and ratio of the velocity of the E wave to the velocity of the ventricular portion of the E wave during early diastole had equal ability to predict LVED pressure (r(2) = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The TDI-MPI was closely correlated with LV filling pressure and may be helpful in evaluating global cardiac function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Serres F, Chetboul V, Gouni V, Tissier R, Sampedrano CC, Pouchelon JL. Diagnostic Value of Echo-Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging in Dogs with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb01950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chetboul V, Gouni V, Sampedrano CC, Tissier R, Serres F, Pouchelon JL. Assessment of Regional Systolic and Diastolic Myocardial Function Using Tissue Doppler and Strain Imaging in Dogs with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sampedrano CC, Chetboul V, Gouni V, Nicolle AP, Pouchelon JL, Tissier R. Systolic and Diastolic Myocardial Dysfunction in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy or Systemic Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Guglielmini C, Luciani A. Advanced Echocardiographic Techniques in Small Animal Practice. Vet Res Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-0029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chetboul V, Sampedrano CC, Gouni V, Nicolle AP, Pouchelon JL, Tissier R. Ultrasonographic Assessment of Regional Radial and Longitudinal Systolic Function in Healthy Awake Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01802.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Schober KE. Editorial: Doppler Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Function-Time to Move to the Right? J Vet Intern Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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