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Petrucci GN, Magalhães TR, Dias M, Queiroga FL. Metronomic chemotherapy: bridging theory to clinical application in canine and feline oncology. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1397376. [PMID: 38903691 PMCID: PMC11187343 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1397376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Veterinary oncology has experienced significant evolution over the last few decades, with chemotherapy being currently applied to several neoplasms with therapeutic success. Traditionally, chemotherapy protocols are based on classic cytostatic drugs under the concept of maximum tolerated dose (MTD), which has been associated with a greater risk of toxicity and resistance. Thus, new therapeutic alternatives have emerged, such as metronomic chemotherapy (MC), introducing a new paradigm in cancer treatment. MC consists of administering low doses of chemotherapy drugs continuously over a long period of time, modulating the tumour microenvironment (TME) due to the combination of cytotoxic, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. This multi-targeted therapy has been described as a treatment option in several canine and feline cancers since 2007, with positive results already published in the literature, particularly in mammary carcinomas and soft tissue sarcomas in dogs. The aim of this review article is to describe the current knowledge about the use of MC in small animal oncology, with emphasis on its mechanisms of action, the most commonly used drugs and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevet Hospital Veterinário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Department, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Márcia Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Felisbina Luísa Queiroga
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Pritchard C, Al-Nadaf S, Rebhun RB, Willcox JL, Skorupski KA, Lejeune A. Efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin in the treatment of macroscopic mesenchymal neoplasia in dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:717-725. [PMID: 37705417 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Palliative chemotherapy options for dogs with macroscopic non-osseous mesenchymal tumours are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the response rate of these tumours to carboplatin chemotherapy. Medical records of 28 dogs treated with carboplatin for macroscopic mesenchymal neoplasia between 1990 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen dogs with soft tissue sarcoma and 12 dogs with haemangiosarcoma were included. Responses observed included one complete response and three partial responses, for an overall response rate of 14.2% (4/28) and median time to progression of 42 days (range 21-259 days). Responses were only seen in patients with haemangiosarcoma, for a response rate of 33.3% (4/12) and median time to progression for responders of 103 days (range 39-252 days). Median time to progression for dogs with metastatic disease was similar to those with only local disease (distant median: 44 days; local median: 23 days, p = 0.56). Dogs with chemotherapy-naïve disease were compared to dogs having received previous chemotherapy treatment and had a median time to progression of 75 days and 40.5 days respectively (p = 0.13). Twenty-two dogs experienced 48 adverse events, with most being grade 1 or 2 (79%). Carboplatin was well tolerated, with variable macroscopic anti-tumour activity and short response duration. Carboplatin may be an acceptable rescue option for dogs with macroscopic haemangiosarcoma, especially those patients that cannot receive doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céleste Pritchard
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sami Al-Nadaf
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Canine Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 50:100682. [PMID: 35792243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a relatively uncommon tumor in the dog and comprises approximately 17% of perianal malignancies; however, it is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Clinical signs in affected dogs most commonly are associated with mechanical obstruction caused by the primary tumor or enlarged regional metastatic lymph nodes and the effects of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia when present. Surgical excision of the primary tumor and metastasectomy of affected locoregional lymph nodes is the preferred initial treatment option for most dogs, although radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are commonly incorporated into multi-modality treatment plans. A significant role for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been clearly demonstrated. Prolonged survival times are possible, especially for dogs with smaller primary tumors and for dogs that undergo further treatments for recurrent disease. In this article, we review the clinical signs, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of AGASAC in the dog.
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Milevoj N, Nemec A, Tozon N. Metronomic Chemotherapy for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Oral Tumors in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:856399. [PMID: 35433894 PMCID: PMC9010117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.856399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy in the palliative treatment of various malignant oral tumors in dogs. Our focus was to determine the effect of treatment on local disease control and to assess the tolerability and safety of the treatment in dogs with various oral malignancies. Metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide was used to treat 12 dogs and was combined with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 6/12 (50%) of dogs. A clinical benefit was observed in 6/12 (50%) patients 1 month and in 4/12 (33%) 3 months after treatment initiation. The median survival time of the dogs was 155 days (range 21–529 days). At the end of the observation period, the disease had progressed in 10/12 (83.3%) of the patients. Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis was the most commonly reported side effect of treatment, occurring in 4/12 (33.3%) dogs. The results of our study suggest that metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide can be, in a subset of dogs, beneficial in the palliation of malignant oral tumors.
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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Wong H, Byrne S, Rasotto R, Drees R, Taylor A, Priestnall SL, Leo C. A Retrospective Study of Clinical and Histopathological Features of 81 Cases of Canine Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Sac: Independent Clinical and Histopathological Risk Factors Associated with Outcome. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113327. [PMID: 34828058 PMCID: PMC8614406 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) is a malignant tumour with variable clinical progression. The objective of this study was to use robust multivariate models, based on models employed in human medical oncology, to establish clinical and histopathological risk factors of poor survival. Clinical data and imaging of 81 cases with AGASAC were reviewed. Tissue was available for histological review and immunohistochemistry in 49 cases. Tumour and lymph node size were determined using the response evaluation criteria in the solid tumours system (RECIST). Modelling revealed tumour size over 2 cm, lymph node size grouped in three tiers by the two thresholds 1.6 cm and 5 cm, surgical management, and radiotherapy were independent clinical variables associated with survival, irrespective of tumour stage. Tumour size over 1.3 cm and presence of distant metastasis were independent clinical variables associated with the first progression-free interval. The presence of the histopathological variables of tumour necrosis, a solid histological pattern, and vascular invasion in the primary tumour were independent risk factors of poor survival. Based upon these independent risk factors, scoring algorithms to predict survival in AGASAC patients are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wong
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+44-(0)-1223-337701
| | - Stephanie Byrne
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Roberta Rasotto
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 OUH, UK;
| | - Randi Drees
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Angela Taylor
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (S.B.); (R.D.); (A.T.); (C.L.)
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Marconato L, Chalfon C, Finotello R, Polton G, Vasconi ME, Annoni M, Stefanello D, Mesto P, Capitani O, Agnoli C, Amati M, Sabattini S. Adjuvant anthracycline-based vs metronomic chemotherapy vs no medical treatment for dogs with metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study of the Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:537-544. [PMID: 31251441 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for dogs with metastatic (stage III) splenic hemangiosarcoma are limited. A doxorubicin-based chemotherapy regimen is commonly administered; however, there are no published data to support this practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maximum-tolerated-dose chemotherapy (MTD), metronomic chemotherapy (MC) and no adjuvant treatment on outcome in dogs with stage III splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy. Medical records of dogs with stage III splenic hemangiosarcoma that underwent splenectomy followed by MTD chemotherapy, MC or no adjuvant treatment were retrieved. Time to progression (TTP), survival time (ST) and toxicity were evaluated. One hundred three dogs were identified: 23 received adjuvant MTD, 38 MC and 42 were not medically treated. Overall median TTP and ST were 50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 39-61) and 55 days (95% CI, 43-66), respectively. Dogs treated with adjuvant MTD had a significantly longer TTP and ST compared with dogs receiving MC (median TTP, 134 vs 52 days, P = .025; median ST, 140 vs 58 days, P = .023, respectively). Dogs treated by splenectomy only had the shortest median TTP (28 days) and ST (40 days). However, treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were significantly more frequent in the MTD group (P = .017). The outcome for dogs with metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma is poor. While MTD showed greater efficacy compared to MC, toxicity was higher in this group. Treatment-related AEs need to be carefully balanced against this modest survival prolongation when offering adjuvant MTD to dogs with advanced stage hemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmit Chalfon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paola Mesto
- Centro Medico Veterinario BMVet, Bari, Italy
| | - Ombretta Capitani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Amati
- Ospedale Veterinario Città di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are uncommon and aggressive neoplasms that develop much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Breed-specific predispositions have been identified for both cancers. The development of novel diagnostics is underway and may aid in earlier diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to HS and HSA depend on the stage of disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Such interventions improve outcome; however, aside from a small number of clinical circumstances, both diseases are considered largely incurable. Continued efforts toward the identification of driver mutations and subsequent druggable targets may lead to improvements in long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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9
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DE Campos CB, Lavalle GE, Monteiro LN, Pêgas GRA, Fialho SL, Balabram D, Cassali GD. Adjuvant Thalidomide and Metronomic Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Canine Malignant Mammary Gland Neoplasms. In Vivo 2019; 32:1659-1666. [PMID: 30348731 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate a multimodal approach for the treatment of canine malignant mammary gland neoplasms, including surgery, chemotherapy, thalidomide, and metronomic chemotherapy (MC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-eight female dogs were submitted to four different treatments: surgery; surgery with chemotherapy; surgery with chemotherapy and thalidomide; and surgery with chemotherapy and metronomic chemotherapy and overall survival was evaluated. RESULTS No statistical difference was found in the proliferative index and microvessel density of primary neoplasms and distant metastases following thalidomide treatment. Diffuse intense inflammatory infiltrate was predominant in primary tumors and diffuse moderate inflammatory infiltrate in metastatic lesions. No statistically significant difference was observed in median survival time (MST) between treatment groups when including all clinical stages (p=0.3177). However, animals diagnosed with distant metastasis treated with surgery and chemotherapy associated with thalidomide or MC presented longer MST when compared to animals treated only with surgery or surgery and chemotherapy (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The proposed multimodal therapy protocols including antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory therapies demonstrated a clinical benefit for patients in advanced clinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bonolo DE Campos
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the Sao Paulo State University (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Gleidice Eunice Lavalle
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Rafaela Arantes Pêgas
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ligório Fialho
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Development, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora Balabram
- Education and Research Institute Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Perez Lopez P, Rasotto R, Caine A, Cherubini GB. Malignant melanoma with central nervous system involvement in a dog treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez Lopez
- Roberta Rasotto Diagnostic PathologyDick White ReferralsCambridgeshireUK
| | | | - Abby Caine
- Diagnostic ImagingDick White ReferralsCambridgeshireUK
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11
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Polton G, Finotello R, Sabattini S, Rossi F, Laganga P, Vasconi ME, Barbanera A, Stiborova K, Rohrer Bley C, Marconato L. Survival analysis of dogs with advanced primary lung carcinoma treated by metronomic cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:399-408. [PMID: 29508493 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unresectable or metastatic (advanced) primary pulmonary carcinoma (PPC) represents a therapeutic challenge where surgery may be contraindicated and the therapeutic role of maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to explore the impact of metronomic chemotherapy (MC) in dogs with advanced PPC. Previously untreated dogs with advanced (T3 or N1 or M1) PPC, with complete staging work-up and follow-up data, receiving MC (comprising low-dose cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide), surgery, MTD chemotherapy or no oncologic treatment were eligible for inclusion. For all patients, time to progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) were evaluated. Quality-of-life (QoL) was only evaluated in patients receiving MC. To assess QoL, owners of dogs receiving MC were asked to complete a questionnaire before and during treatment. Ninety-one dogs were included: 25 received MC, 36 were treated with surgery, 11 with MTD chemotherapy and 19 received no treatment. QoL was improved in dogs receiving MC. Median TTP was significantly longer in patients receiving MC (172 days) than patients undergoing surgery (87 days), receiving MTD chemotherapy (22 days), or no oncologic treatment (20 days). Median ST was similarly longer in patients receiving MC (139 days) than those undergoing surgery (92 days), MTD chemotherapy (61 days) and no oncologic treatment (60 days). In dogs with advanced PPC, MC achieved a measurable clinical benefit without significant risk or toxicity. This makes MC a potential alternative to other recognized management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Surrey, UK
| | - R Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - S Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - P Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | | | - A Barbanera
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - K Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Italy
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12
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Matsuyama A, Poirier VJ, Mantovani F, Foster RA, Mutsaers AJ. Adjuvant Doxorubicin with or without Metronomic Cyclophosphamide for Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:304-312. [PMID: 28892429 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the outcome of 33 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery followed by adjuvant dose-intensified doxorubicin (DOX) with or without low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide (LDM-C) maintenance therapy. Among the 33 dogs, 18 dogs received LDM-C. Clinical stage was available for all dogs (5 stage I, 18 stage II, and 10 stage III). Nine dogs had macroscopic, and 24 dogs had microscopic disease at the start of DOX treatment. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 125 and 133 days, respectively. Clinical stage and tumor burden (microscopic versus macroscopic) at the start of chemotherapy was prognostic for PFS. No significant difference was observed in PFS or overall survival for the addition of LDM-C after a completed DOX protocol (P = .563 and P = .148, respectively). Based on the results of this retrospective study, the addition of LDM-C therapy as a maintenance regimen following a completed protocol of DOX adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma may not improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Matsuyama
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M., A.J.M.), Department of Clinical Studies (F.M., A.J.M.), Health Sciences Centre (V.J.P.), and Department of Pathobiology (R.A.F.), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie J Poirier
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M., A.J.M.), Department of Clinical Studies (F.M., A.J.M.), Health Sciences Centre (V.J.P.), and Department of Pathobiology (R.A.F.), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernanda Mantovani
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M., A.J.M.), Department of Clinical Studies (F.M., A.J.M.), Health Sciences Centre (V.J.P.), and Department of Pathobiology (R.A.F.), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Foster
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M., A.J.M.), Department of Clinical Studies (F.M., A.J.M.), Health Sciences Centre (V.J.P.), and Department of Pathobiology (R.A.F.), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences (A.M., A.J.M.), Department of Clinical Studies (F.M., A.J.M.), Health Sciences Centre (V.J.P.), and Department of Pathobiology (R.A.F.), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Gaspar TB, Henriques J, Marconato L, Queiroga FL. The use of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy in dogs-insight into a modern cancer field. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:2-11. [PMID: 28317239 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The era of chemotherapy, which started in the middle of the last century, has been ruled by the routine use of dose-intense protocols, based on the "maximum-tolerated dose" concept. By promoting a balance between patient's quality of life and the goal of rapidly killing as many tumour cells as possible, these protocols still play a prominent role in veterinary oncology. However, with the opening of a new millennium, metronomic chemotherapy (MC) started to be considered a possible alternative to traditional dose-intense chemotherapy. Characterized by a long-term daily administration of lower doses of cytotoxic drugs, this new modality stands out for its unique combination of effects, namely on neovascularization, immune response and tumour dormancy. This article reviews the rationale for treatment with MC, its mechanism of action and the main studies conducted in veterinary medicine, and discusses the key challenges yet to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Gaspar
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Hospital Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Henriques
- Hospital Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
| | - F L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Correal Suárez ML, Bortolotti Vièra R, Camplesi AC. Terapia metronómica en el manejo del paciente veterinario con cáncer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.21615/cesmvz.12.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Biller B, Berg J, Garrett L, Ruslander D, Wearing R, Abbott B, Patel M, Smith D, Bryan C. 2016 AAHA Oncology Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2016; 52:181-204. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
All companion animal practices will be presented with oncology cases on a regular basis, making diagnosis and treatment of cancer an essential part of comprehensive primary care. Because each oncology case is medically unique, these guidelines recommend a patient-specific approach consisting of the following components: diagnosis, staging, therapeutic intervention, provisions for patient and personnel safety in handling chemotherapy agents, referral to an oncology specialty practice when appropriate, and a strong emphasis on client support. Determination of tumor type by histologic examination of a biopsy sample should be the basis for all subsequent steps in oncology case management. Diagnostic staging determines the extent of local disease and presence or absence of regional or distant metastasis. The choice of therapeutic modalities is based on tumor type, histologic grade, and stage, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and adjunctive therapies, such as nutritional support and pain management. These guidelines discuss the strict safety precautions that should be observed in handling chemotherapy agents, which are now commonly used in veterinary oncology. Because cancer is often a disease of older pets, the time of life when the pet–owner relationship is usually strongest, a satisfying outcome for all parties involved is highly dependent on good communication between the entire healthcare team and the client, particularly when death or euthanasia of the patient is being considered. These guidelines include comprehensive tables of common canine and feline cancers as a resource for case management and a sample case history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barb Biller
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - John Berg
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Laura Garrett
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - David Ruslander
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Richard Wearing
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Bonnie Abbott
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Mithun Patel
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Diana Smith
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
| | - Christine Bryan
- From Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (B.B.); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA (J.B.); College of Veterinary Medicine at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (L
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Biller B. Metronomic Chemotherapy in Veterinary Patients with Cancer. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2014; 44:817-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Leo C, Stell A, Borrego J, Martinez de Merlo E, Ruess-Melzer K, Lara-Garcia A. Evaluation of low-dose metronomic (LDM) cyclophosphamide toxicity in cats with malignant neoplasia. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:671-8. [PMID: 24423814 PMCID: PMC11164162 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13518938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral administration of low-dose cyclophosphamide in pets with spontaneously occurring malignant neoplasms has become a common practice in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate toxicity events in cats with spontaneous malignancies receiving cyclophosphamide as a metronomic therapy for at least 1 month. The number and severity of clinical, haematological and biochemical adverse events were recorded according to the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v1.1 classification scheme. Twenty-four cats were enrolled in the study with a total number of 27 neoplasms: 13 sarcomas, 12 carcinomas, one melanoma and one neuroendocrine tumour. Seventeen cats presented with macroscopic disease, while seven had microscopic disease. Seven cats (29%) had metastasis either to the regional lymph nodes and/or distant sites at the time of study enrolment. Additional medications, administered concurrently, included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (17), toceranib (4) and thalidomide (7). Four cats showed grade I gastrointestinal toxicity during the first month of treatment, which was controlled with antiemetics. Overall, 2/24 cats (8%) showed grade I haematological toxicities and 1/24 (4%) showed grade I renal toxicity in the first 4 weeks. Median follow-up for all cats was 30 days (range 30-360 days). For the 15 cats with follow-up longer than 1 month the only additional toxicities observed were two grade III and one grade II azotaemia that occurred after 2 months of therapy. Low-dose cyclophosphamide seems to be a well-tolerated option for cats bearing primary or metastatic tumours. Evaluation of toxicity after long-term administration is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Leo
- Oncology Service, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Anneliese Stell
- Oncology Service, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Juan Borrego
- Veterinary Institute of Comparative Oncology, Valencia, Spain Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia 'San Vicente Martir', Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- Oncology Service, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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Bracha S, Walshaw R, Danton T, Holland S, Ruaux C, Obradovich J. Evaluation of toxicities from combined metronomic and maximal-tolerated dose chemotherapy in dogs with osteosarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:369-74. [PMID: 24803081 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tolerability of a piroxicam and cyclophosphamide metronomic treatment protocol combined with carboplatin alone or carboplatin and doxorubicin at maximal-tolerated doses. METHODS Retrospective study of 30 dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma. All dogs underwent amputation and chemotherapy treatment with one of the two maximal-tolerated dose protocols. Metronomic chemotherapy was administered in conjunction with these protocols, and continued subsequently. The protocols included 0 · 3 mg/kg piroxicam and 10 to 12 mg/M(2) cyclophosphamide with 300 mg/M(2) carboplatin alone, or 300 mg/M(2) carboplatin alternating with 30 mg/M(2) doxorubicin. RESULTS Fourteen dogs were treated with the carboplatin and metronomic protocol and 16 were treated with the carboplatin alternating with doxorubicin and metronomic protocol. Grades 3 and 4 toxicities overall were significantly (P = 0 · 018) more common in the former group. The disease-free interval of the carboplatin and metronomic group was 192 days, which was not significantly different (P = 0 · 916) to the 182 days for the carboplatin alternating with doxorubicin and metronomic group. The median survival times of the two groups were 217 and 189 days, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Piroxicam and cyclophosphamide metronomic protocols can be safely administered in combination with maximal-tolerated dose chemotherapy protocols. A significantly higher frequency of toxicities was observed in dogs treated with the carboplatin and metronomic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Choisunirachon N, Jaroensong T, Yoshida K, Saeki K, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T. Effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide with piroxicam on tumour neovascularization in a canine oral malignant melanoma-xenografted mouse model. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:424-32. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Choisunirachon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Jaroensong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Marchetti V, Giorgi M, Fioravanti A, Finotello R, Citi S, Canu B, Orlandi P, Di Desidero T, Danesi R, Bocci G. First-line metronomic chemotherapy in a metastatic model of spontaneous canine tumours: a pilot study. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1725-30. [PMID: 21509468 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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