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No Effect of Selective Maturation on Fruit Traits for a Bird-Dispersed Species, Sambucus racemosa. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020376. [PMID: 33669228 PMCID: PMC7919819 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective abortion, also called selective maturation, is a phenomenon wherein maternal plants selectively mature ovules that have the potential to grow into higher-quality fruits, such as those that contain more seeds. We hypothesized that the effects of selective maturation on fruit traits could be influenced by the dispersal mechanism. However, to date, limited studies have been conducted on selective maturation in bird-dispersed fruits. Unlike self- or wind-dispersed species, bird-dispersed species would not selectively mature fruits that contain more seeds because they are not preferred by birds. Here, we investigated the effect of selective abortion on the fruit traits of a bird-dispersed species, elderberry (Sambucus racemosa L. subsp. kamtschatica). We performed a flower-removal experiment. Half of the inflorescences on each individual tree were removed for the treatment group, whereas the control group was not manipulated. We found that the flower-removed trees showed higher fruit sets, suggesting the existence of resource limitation. The number of seeds per fruit did not increase by the experimental treatment. Additionally, the control individuals did not produce larger fruits. The lack of effects on fruit traits supported our hypothesis that the effect of selective maturation on fruit traits may differ among species with different dispersal mechanisms.
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Jácome‐Flores ME, Jordano P, Delibes M, Fedriani JM. Interaction motifs variability in a Mediterranean palm under environmental disturbances: the mutualism–antagonism continuum. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel E. Jácome‐Flores
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja ES‐41092 Sevilla Spain
- Cátedras‐CONACyT, Centro de Cambio Global y Sustentabilidad, c/Centenario del Instituto Juárez s/n Villahermosa Tabasco Mexico
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja ES‐41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes
- Dept of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
| | - Jose M. Fedriani
- Dept of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
- Centre for Applied Ecology ‘Prof. Baeta Neves’/InBio, Univ. of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
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How do fruit productivity, fruit traits and dietary specialization affect the role of birds in a mutualistic network? JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMany plant traits might explain the different ecological and network roles of fruit-eating birds. We assessed the relationship of plant productivity, fruit traits (colour, seed size and nutritional quality) and dietary specialization, with the network roles of fruit-eating birds (number of partners, centrality and selectivity) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We classified bird species according to their dietary specialization into three categories: obligate, partial and opportunistic fruit-eating birds. To test if network roles changed according to dietary specialization, fruit productivity and traits, we used a generalized linear model analysis. The selected 14 species of plant interacted with 52 bird species, which consumed 2199 fruits. The most central and generalist fruit-eating bird, Turdus albicolis, interacted with plants that produced more fruits, such as Miconia cinerascens, and had, on average, larger seeds, such as Myrcia splendens. The most selective birds interacted with fruits with a higher concentration of lipids and less intense colour, and plants that produced fewer fruits. Obligate fruit-eating birds, such as Patagioenas plumbea, were more selective than partial and opportunistic birds. Different plant traits are therefore related to the different network roles of fruit-eating birds in the Atlantic Forest, which are also dependent on bird dietary specialization.
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Machado-de-Souza T, Campos RP, Devoto M, Varassin IG. Local drivers of the structure of a tropical bird-seed dispersal network. Oecologia 2019; 189:421-433. [PMID: 30612225 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecology is to understand the relative importance of neutral- and niche-based processes structuring species interactions within communities. The concept of neutral-based processes posits that network structure is a result of interactions between species based on their abundance. On the other hand, niche-based processes presume that network structure is shaped by constraints to interactions. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of neutral-based process, represented by species' abundance (A) and fruit production (F) models, and niche-based process, represented by spatial overlap (S), temporal overlap (T) and morphological barrier (M) models, in shaping the structure of a bird-seed dispersal network from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the ability of each model, singly or in combination, to predict the general structure [represented by connectance, nestedness (NODF), weight nestedness (WNODF), interaction evenness and complementary specialization] and microstructure of the network (i.e., the frequency of pairwise interactions). Only nestedness (both NODF and WNODF) was predicted by at least one model. NODF and WNODF were predicted by a neutral-based process (A), by a combination of niche-based processes (ST and STM) and by both neutral- and niche-based processes (AM). NODF was also predicted by F and FM model. Regarding microstructure, temporal overlap (T) was the most parsimonious model able to predict it. Our findings reveal that a combination of neutral- and niche-based processes is a good predictor of the general structure (NODF and WNODF) of the bird-seed dispersal network and a niche-based process is the best predictor of the network's microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Machado-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Lamenha Lins 1080, Curitiba, PR, 80250-020, Brazil. .,Instituto de Estudos Ambientais do Paraná (IEAP), Rua Rômulo Gutierrez 731, Curitiba, PR, 80820-260, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Pamplona Campos
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
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Costa JM, Ramos JA, da Silva LP, Timóteo S, Andrade P, Araújo PM, Carneiro C, Correia E, Cortez P, Felgueiras M, Godinho C, Lopes RJ, Matos C, Norte AC, Pereira PF, Rosa A, Heleno RH. Rewiring of experimentally disturbed seed dispersal networks might lead to unexpected network configurations. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Alcántara JM, Pulgar M, Trøjelsgaard K, Garrido JL, Rey PJ. Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio M. Alcántara
- Depto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
| | - Manuel Pulgar
- Depto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
| | | | - José L. Garrido
- Depto. Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de DoñanaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Depto. Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
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Sfair JC, Weiser VDL, Martins FR, Vidal MM, Guimarães PR. Species traits and abundance influence the organization of liana-tree antagonistic interaction. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Sfair
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6109 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Department of Botany; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
| | - Veridiana de L. Weiser
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6109 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Martins
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; P.O. Box 6109 Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Vidal
- Department of Ecology; Institute of Bioscience; University of São Paulo; USP; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Department of Ecology; Institute of Bioscience; University of São Paulo; USP; São Paulo SP Brazil
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8
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Fedriani JM, Delibes M. Seed dispersal in the Iberian pear,Pyrus bourgaeana: A role for infrequent mutualists. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/16-3-3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ruggera RA, Blendinger PG, Gomez MD, Marshak C. Linking structure and functionality in mutualistic networks: do core frugivores disperse more seeds than peripheral species? OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Román A. Ruggera
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Inst. de Ecología Regional, Univ. Nacional de Tucumán; C.C. 34, AR-4107 Yerba Buena Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sustentable, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nacional de Jujuy; Alberdi 47 AR-4600 San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Inst. de Ecología Regional, Univ. Nacional de Tucumán; C.C. 34, AR-4107 Yerba Buena Tucumán Argentina
| | - M. Daniela Gomez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Crisóstomo Álvarez 722 AR-4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sustentable, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. Nacional de Jujuy; Alberdi 47 AR-4600 San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | - Charlie Marshak
- Dept of Mathematics; Univ. of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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10
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Burns KC. The color of plant reproduction: macroecological trade-offs between biotic signaling and abiotic tolerance. Front Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2015.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The simplest and arguably the most ubiquitous pattern in seed dispersal mutualisms is size coupling: large frugivores tend to consume larger fruits and small frugivores tend to consume smaller fruits. Despite the simplicity of this pattern, the potential mechanisms responsible for fruit--frugivore size coupling are mechanistically divergent and poorly resolved. Size coupling could arise deterministically, if large frugivores actively seek out larger fruits to maximize their foraging efficiency. Alternatively, size coupling could also arise passively, if frugivores forage randomly, but are able to consume only those fruit species that are smaller than their gape width. I observed birds forage for fruits in a New Zealand forest reserve at approximately five-day intervals for six years to test for fruit--frugivore size coupling. I then derived a suite of network analyses to establish whether fruit--frugivore size coupling was best explained by active or passive foraging by frugivores. Results showed a strikingly strong pattern in size coupling; the average size of fruits consumed by each frugivore species increased with their maximum gape width. Simulation analyses revealed that over 70% of variation in interaction frequencies in the observed fruit-frugivore web could be explained by a size-constrained, passive, foraging model. Foraging models in which birds foraged actively for different-sized fruits to improve their foraging efficiency performed more poorly. Results were therefore consistent with the hypothesis that apparently nonrandom patterns in seed dispersal mutualisms can sometimes arise from simple stochastic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Abstract
A recent study shows that a desert shrub uses a 'mustard oil bomb' to regulate the behaviour of seed-predating rodents - transforming these predators into mutualistic seed dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Burns
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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13
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Ibanez S. Optimizing size thresholds in a plant–pollinator interaction web: towards a mechanistic understanding of ecological networks. Oecologia 2012; 170:233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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LARSEN HANNAH, BURNS KEVINC. Seed dispersal effectiveness increases with body size in New Zealand alpine scree weta (Deinacrida connectens). AUSTRAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hagen M, Kissling WD, Rasmussen C, De Aguiar MA, Brown LE, Carstensen DW, Alves-Dos-Santos I, Dupont YL, Edwards FK, Genini J, Guimarães PR, Jenkins GB, Jordano P, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Ledger ME, Maia KP, Marquitti FMD, Mclaughlin Ó, Morellato LPC, O'Gorman EJ, Trøjelsgaard K, Tylianakis JM, Vidal MM, Woodward G, Olesen JM. Biodiversity, Species Interactions and Ecological Networks in a Fragmented World. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Yoshikawa T, Isagi Y. Dietary breadth of frugivorous birds in relation to their feeding strategies in the lowland forests of central Honshu, Japan. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duarte L, Carlucci M, Fontana C, Hartz S, Pillar V. Plant diaspore traits as indicators of mutualistic interactions in woody vegetation patches developing into a grassland-forest mosaic. COMMUNITY ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.12.2011.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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King P, Milicich L, Burns KC. Body size determines rates of seed dispersal by giant king crickets. POPUL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-010-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Do extrafloral nectar resources, species abundances, and body sizes contribute to the structure of ant–plant mutualistic networks? Oecologia 2010; 164:741-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Moran C, Catterall CP. Can Functional Traits Predict Ecological Interactions? A Case Study Using Rain forest Frugivores and Plants in Australia. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Burns KC, Lake B. Fruitâfrugivore interactions in two southern hemisphere forests: allometry, phylogeny and body size. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Oppel S, Mack AL. Bird Assemblage and Visitation Pattern at Fruiting Elmerrillia tsiampaca (Magnoliaceae) Trees in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vázquez DP, Blüthgen N, Cagnolo L, Chacoff NP. Uniting pattern and process in plant-animal mutualistic networks: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:1445-57. [PMID: 19304996 PMCID: PMC2701748 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecologists and evolutionary biologists are becoming increasingly interested in networks as a framework to study plant-animal mutualisms within their ecological context. Although such focus on networks has brought about important insights into the structure of these interactions, relatively little is still known about the mechanisms behind these patterns. SCOPE The aim in this paper is to offer an overview of the mechanisms influencing the structure of plant-animal mutualistic networks. A brief summary is presented of the salient network patterns, the potential mechanisms are discussed and the studies that have evaluated them are reviewed. This review shows that researchers of plant-animal mutualisms have made substantial progress in the understanding of the processes behind the patterns observed in mutualistic networks. At the same time, we are still far from a thorough, integrative mechanistic understanding. We close with specific suggestions for directions of future research, which include developing methods to evaluate the relative importance of mechanisms influencing network patterns and focusing research efforts on selected representative study systems throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego P Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Aridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Kissling WD, Rahbek C, Böhning-Gaese K. Food plant diversity as broad-scale determinant of avian frugivore richness. Proc Biol Sci 2007; 274:799-808. [PMID: 17251107 PMCID: PMC2093978 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of variation in animal species richness at large spatial scales are intensively debated. Here, we examine whether the diversity of food plants, contemporary climate and energy, or habitat heterogeneity determine species richness patterns of avian frugivores across sub-Saharan Africa. Path models indicate that species richness of Ficus (their fruits being one of the major food resources for frugivores in the tropics) has the strongest direct effect on richness of avian frugivores, whereas the influences of variables related to water-energy and habitat heterogeneity are mainly indirect. The importance of Ficus richness for richness of avian frugivores diminishes with decreasing specialization of birds on fruit eating, but is retained when accounting for spatial autocorrelation. We suggest that a positive relationship between food plant and frugivore species richness could result from niche assembly mechanisms (e.g. coevolutionary adaptations to fruit size, fruit colour or vertical stratification of fruit presentation) or, alternatively, from stochastic speciation-extinction processes. In any case, the close relationship between species richness of Ficus and avian frugivores suggests that figs are keystone resources for animal consumers, even at continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Daniel Kissling
- Community and Macroecology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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