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Jamaly S, Rakaee M, Abdi R, Tsokos GC, Fenton KA. Interplay of immune and kidney resident cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lupus nephritis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102980. [PMID: 34718163 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney involvement confers significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) involves diverse mechanisms instigated by elements of the autoimmune response which alter the biology of kidney resident cells. Processes in the glomeruli and in the interstitium may proceed independently albeit crosstalk between the two is inevitable. Podocytes, mesangial cells, tubular epithelial cells, kidney resident macrophages and stromal cells with input from cytokines and autoantibodies present in the circulation alter the expression of enzymes, produce cytokines and chemokines which lead to their injury and damage of the kidney. Several of these molecules can be targeted independently to prevent and reverse kidney failure. Tertiary lymphoid structures with true germinal centers are present in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis and have been increasingly recognized to associate with poorer renal outcomes. Stromal cells, tubular epithelial cells, high endothelial vessel and lymphatic venule cells produce chemokines which enable the formation of structures composed of a T-cell-rich zone with mature dendritic cells next to a B-cell follicle with the characteristics of a germinal center surrounded by plasma cells. Following an overview on the interaction of the immune cells with kidney resident cells, we discuss the cellular and molecular events which lead to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in the interstitium of the kidneys of mice and patients with lupus nephritis. In parallel, molecules and processes that can be targeted therapeutically are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Jamaly
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Andreassen Fenton
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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2
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The potential application of
Cordyceps
in metabolic‐related disorders. Phytother Res 2019; 34:295-305. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
The clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas and is caused by autoantigen-induced inflammation (insulitis) of the islets of Langerhans. The current standard of care for type 1 diabetes mellitus patients allows for management of the disease with exogenous insulin, but patients eventually succumb to many chronic complications such as limb amputation, blindness, and kidney failure. New therapeutic approaches now on the horizon are looking beyond glycemic management and are evaluating new strategies from protecting and regenerating endogenous islets to treating the underlying autoimmunity through selective modulation of key immune cell populations. Currently, there are no effective treatments for the autoimmunity that causes the disease, and strategies that aim to delay or prevent the onset of the disease will play an important role in the future of diabetes research. In this review, we summarize many of the key efforts underway that utilize molecular approaches to selectively modulate this disease and look at new therapeutic paradigms that can transform clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sheehy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Sean Quinnell
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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4
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Huwiler A, Zangemeister-Wittke U. The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod as a therapeutic agent: Recent findings and new perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 185:34-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cui K, Ruan Y, Wang T, Rao K, Chen Z, Wang S, Liu J. FTY720 Supplementation Partially Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Rats With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Through Inhibition of Endothelial Dysfunction and Corporal Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2017; 14:323-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ng ML, Wadham C, Sukocheva OA. The role of sphingolipid signalling in diabetes‑associated pathologies (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:243-252. [PMID: 28075451 PMCID: PMC5358714 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is an important signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine (Sph) to form sphingosine‑1‑phosphate (S1P). The multifunctional lipid, S1P binds to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As an intracellular second messenger, S1P activates key signalling cascades responsible for the maintenance of sphingolipid metabolism, and has been implicated in the progression of cancer, and the development of other inflammatory and metabolic diseases. SphK and S1P are critical molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular metabolic processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. There is strong evidence supporting the critical roles of SphK and S1P in the progression of diabetes mellitus, including insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, pancreatic β‑cell apoptosis, and the development of diabetic inflammatory state. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge for SphK/S1P signalling effects, associated with the development of insulin resistance, pancreatic β‑cell death and the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney, NSW 2050
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Mei Li Ng, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, No. 1-8 (Lot 8), Persiaran Seksyen 4, 1, Bandar Putra Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia, E-mail:
| | - Carol Wadham
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- School of Social Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Ruddle NH. High Endothelial Venules and Lymphatic Vessels in Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: Characteristics, Functions, and Regulation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:491. [PMID: 27881983 PMCID: PMC5101196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) are essential for the function of the immune system, by providing communication between the body and lymph nodes (LNs), specialized sites of antigen presentation and recognition. HEVs bring in naïve and central memory cells and LVs transport antigen, antigen-presenting cells, and lymphocytes in and out of LNs. Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are accumulations of lymphoid and stromal cells that arise and organize at ectopic sites in response to chronic inflammation in autoimmunity, microbial infection, graft rejection, and cancer. TLOs are distinguished from primary lymphoid organs – the thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) – the LNs, spleen, and Peyer’s patches, in that they arise in response to inflammatory signals, rather than in ontogeny. TLOs usually do not have a capsule but are rather contained within the confines of another organ. Their structure, cellular composition, chemokine expression, and vascular and stromal support resemble SLOs and are the defining aspects of TLOs. T and B cells, antigen-presenting cells, fibroblast reticular cells, and other stromal cells and vascular elements including HEVs and LVs are all typical components of TLOs. A key question is whether the HEVs and LVs play comparable roles and are regulated similarly to those in LNs. Data are presented that support this concept, especially with regard to TLO HEVs. Emerging data suggest that the functions and regulation of TLO LVs are also similar to those in LNs. These observations support the concept that TLOs are not merely cellular accumulations but are functional entities that provide sites to generate effector cells, and that their HEVs and LVs are crucial elements in those activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H Ruddle
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT , USA
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Tamakuwala M, Ratna W, Joshi A, Stagni G. Fingolimod hydrochloride gel shows promising therapeutic effects in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1268-77. [PMID: 27465785 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of topically applied 2% hydroxypropyl cellulose gels containing 0.5% fingolimod hydrochloride (FNGL) with or without 6% colloidal oatmeal in an in vivo model of atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS AD-like lesions were induced in SKH1/Hr hairless mice and were treated with FNGL gels, non-medicated base gels and Elidel(®) cream for 6 weeks. The severity/improvement of the lesions was assessed regularly using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), pH of the skin, transepidermal water loss, g/m(2) /h (TEWL), humidity and temperature. At the end of the experiments, the plasma levels of cytokines, FNGL and white blood cells were determined. KEY FINDINGS The EASI score was almost unchanged for the vehicle-only groups compared to before the treatments, whereas the medicated groups showed a significant decrease in the overall EASI score (P < 0.01), although there was non-significant differences among them (P > 0.081). Both the FNGL groups also showed a significant (P ˂ 0.05) reduction in blood WBC. CONCLUSION This study shows that the gels containing 0.50% FNGL and FNGL 0.50% plus 6% colloidal oatmeal have potential for the treatment of AD. The presence of colloidal oatmeal may provide additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayurkumar Tamakuwala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Warren Ratna
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grazia Stagni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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9
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Yoshida Y, Mikami N, Matsushima Y, Miyawaki M, Endo H, Banno R, Tsuji T, Fujita T, Kohno T. Combination treatment with fingolimod and a pathogenic antigen prevents relapse of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase peptide-induced arthritis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:263-73. [PMID: 27621810 PMCID: PMC5004282 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination treatment with fingolimod (FTY720) plus pathogenic antigen is thought to prevent glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)325-339-induced arthritis progression by effective induction of immune tolerance. Here, we examined the efficacy of this combination treatment on remission maintenance. METHODS GPI325-339-induced arthritis mice were treated for 5 days with FTY720 (1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) alone, GPI325-339 (10 μg/mouse, i.v.) alone, or with the FTY720 plus GPI325-339 combination. In some experiments, mice were resensitized with GPI325-339. RESULTS Following resensitization with GPI325-339, combination-treated mice exhibited neither severe relapse nor elevated lymphocyte infiltration in joints. Neither anti-human nor mouse GPI325-339 antibody levels were correlated with clinical symptoms. This suggests that combination treatment prevents relapse following resensitization via regulation of pathogenic antigen-specific T cells. The proportion of regulatory T (Treg) cells in inguinal lymph nodes was increased post treatment in the FTY720 alone and FTY720 plus GPI325-339 groups. In contrast, the proportion of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-family-related gene/protein (GITR)(+) non-Treg cells was increased only in combination-treated mice. Furthermore, GITR(+) non-Treg cells, which were induced by the combination treatment in vivo, possess suppressive activity and high ability to produce interleukin (IL)-10. CONCLUSION GITR(+) non-Treg cells might play a key role in relapse prevention following resensitization. Thus, this combination treatment might establish immune tolerance by induction of GITR(+) non-Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Norihisa Mikami
- Department of Experimental Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Mai Miyawaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroki Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Rie Banno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Takumi Tsuji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological Biochemistry Setsunan University Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsuro Fujita
- Research Institute for Production and Development Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathological BiochemistrySetsunan UniversityOsakaJapan; Research Institute for Production and DevelopmentKyotoJapan
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10
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Therapeutic approach to mite-induced intractable dermatitis using novel immunomodulator FTY720 ointment (fingolimod) in NC/Nga mice. Allergol Int 2016; 65:172-179. [PMID: 26666476 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence and prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) demands new therapeutic approaches for treating the disease. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulator FTY720 ointment (fingolimod) for mite-induced intractable AD using an NC/Nga mouse model. METHODS Female NC/Nga mice that developed severe AD were divided into four groups: (1) FTY720 (0.001% FTY720 ointment), (2) tacrolimus (tacrolimus hydrate ointment) (3) betamethasone (betamethasone ointment), and (4) ointment base (hydrophilic petrolatum), all of which received treatment six times per week. Therapeutic efficacy after two weeks was evaluated in terms of AD severity, histochemical observations (epidermal hypertrophy, mast cell accumulation, and CD3(+) T cell infiltration), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and epidermal barrier function (filaggrin expression). RESULTS Betamethasone treatment showed little effect, confirming that the AD was intractable. In the FTY720 group, AD improved significantly compared with the ointment base group, as did epidermal hypertrophy, mast cell accumulation, and CD3(+) T cell infiltration. In contrast, AD in the tacrolimus and betamethasone groups did not improve significantly, nor did epidermal hypertrophy or mast cell accumulation. Furthermore, in the FTY720 group, TEWL decreased significantly compared with the ointment base group, and filaggrin expression significantly increased compared with the betamethasone and ointment base groups. CONCLUSIONS FTY720 ointment is a promising candidate for treatment of intractable AD. These findings also provide the first evidence that FTY720 ointment ameliorates epidermal barrier function.
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Yoshida Y, Mikami N, Matsushima Y, Otani F, Miyawaki M, Takatsuji M, Banno R, Tsuji T, Fujita T, Tsujikawa K, Kohno T. Functional Mechanism(s) of the Inhibition of Disease Progression by Combination Treatment with Fingolimod Plus Pathogenic Antigen in a Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Peptide-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1120-5. [PMID: 25994913 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that combination treatment with fingolimod (FTY720) plus antigenic peptide of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (residues 325-339) (GPI325-339) from the onset of symptoms significantly inhibited disease progression in a mouse model of GPI325-339-induced arthritis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) involved. The model mice were treated from arthritis onset with FTY720 alone, GPI325-339 alone, or the combination of FTY720 plus GPI325-339. At the end of treatment, inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) were excised and examined histologically and in flow cytometry. Levels of apoptotic cells, programmed death-1-expressing CD4(+)forkhead box P3(-) nonregulatory T cells (non-Tregs), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-expressing non-Tregs in inguinal LNs were markedly increased in the combination treatment group mice. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also increased. These results indicate that combination treatment with FTY720 plus GPI325-339 inhibits the progression of arthritis by inducing clonal deletion and anergy of pathogenic T cells and also by immune suppression via Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
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Yoshida Y, Mikami N, Tsuji T, Takada Y, Nakazawa Y, Dan R, Takatsuji M, Fujita T, Tsujikawa K, Kohno T. Mechanism of induction of immune tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by combination treatment with fingolimod plus pathogenic autoantigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
| | - Norihisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Takumi Tsuji
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Takada
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
| | - Rie Dan
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
| | - Miku Takatsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsuro Fujita
- Research Institute for Production and Development; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kohno
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Setsunan University; Osaka Japan
- Research Institute for Production and Development; Kyoto Japan
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Tsuji T, Yoshida Y, Fujita T, Kohno T. Oral therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus using a novel immunomodulator, FTY720 (fingolimod), in combination with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, examined in non-obese diabetic mice. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 3:441-8. [PMID: 24843604 PMCID: PMC4019244 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction: The therapeutic effectiveness against type 1 diabetes mellitus of a novel immunomodulator, FTY720 (fingolimod), in combination with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, was examined in the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Materials and Methods: Female NOD mice that had developed type 1 diabetes mellitus spontaneously were divided into four groups according to which therapy they received: (i) FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, orally, six times a week) plus sitagliptin (1 mg/kg, orally, six times a week); (ii) FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, orally, six times a week); (iii) sitagliptin (1 mg/kg, orally, six times a week); and (iv) the vehicle (water) alone. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in terms of survival rate, ratio of insulin‐positive β‐cells/total islet area, extent of islet inflammation (insulitis score) and blood‐glucose level. Results: The therapeutic administration of FTY720 plus sitagliptin significantly improved survival (83% at 70 days after onset, P < 0.05) compared with sitagliptin alone (17%) or vehicle alone (0%). The fasting‐blood glucose level, the ratio of insulin‐positive β‐cells/total islet area and the insulitis score in the surviving mice, which had been treated with FTY720 plus sitagliptin, were improved to the normal levels as in age‐matched NOD mice with normoglycemia. Conclusions: Combination therapy with FTY720 and sitagliptin is a promising candidate for type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment, and might allow the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus with only oral agents. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00218.x, 2012)
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsuji
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka
| | - Tetsuro Fujita
- Research Institute for Production and Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Kohno
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka ; Research Institute for Production and Development, Kyoto, Japan
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Tsuji T, Yoshida Y, Iwatsuki R, Inoue M, Fujita T, Kohno T. Therapeutic approach to steroid-resistant dermatitis using novel immunomodulator FTY720 (Fingolimod) in combination with betamethasone ointment in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1314-9. [PMID: 22863931 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of the novel immunomodulator FTY720 (Fingolimod), alone and in combination with betamethasone ointment, was examined in the NC/Nga mouse model of spontaneous steroid-resistant dermatitis. Male NC/Nga mice which had developed severe dermatitis were divided into six groups: 1) a biweekly betamethasone group (betamethasone ointment, twice a week), 2) a daily betamethasone group (betamethasone ointment, six times a week), 3) an FTY720 group (FTY720, orally, three times a week), 4) a biweekly combination group (oral FTY720 plus betamethasone ointment, twice a week), 5) a daily combination group (oral FTY720 plus betamethasone ointment, six times a week) and 6) a placebo group (vehicle alone). The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in terms of severity of dermatitis, epidermal hypertrophy, accumulation and degranulation of mast cells and infiltrated CD3+ T cells into the dermis after 4 weeks of treatment. Biweekly and daily betamethasone treatments had little effect, confirming that the dermatitis was steroid-resistant. In the FTY720 and biweekly combination groups, the dermatitis showed no marked improvement. In the daily combination group, the dermatitis was significantly (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) improved as compared with the FTY720 group, biweekly and daily betamethasone groups and placebo group. Further, epidermal hypertrophy and accumulation of mast cells were suppressed. Therefore, combination therapy with FTY720 and daily betamethasone ointment is a promising candidate for treatment of steroid-resistant atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsuji
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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