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Naito T, Saito T, Morito A, Yamada S, Shimomasuda M, Nakamura M. Pre-cooling with ingesting a high-carbohydrate ice slurry on thermoregulatory responses and subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose during heat exposure. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:34. [PMID: 36217207 PMCID: PMC9549659 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ingesting ice slurries with two different carbohydrate contents on body temperatures and the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level during heat exposure. Seven physically active men underwent one of three interventions: the ingestion of 7.5 g/kg of a control beverage (CON: 26°C), a normal-carbohydrate ice slurry (NCIS: −1°C), or a high-carbohydrate ice slurry (HCIS: −5°C). The participants were monitored for a 120-min period that included 10 min of rest, 25 min of exposure to the experimental cooling intervention (during which the beverage was ingested), and 85 min of seated rest in a climate chamber (36°C, 50% relative humidity). The rectal temperature in the HCIS and NCIS trials was lower than that in the CON trial from 40 to 75 min. The infrared tympanic temperature was also lower in the HCIS and NCIS trials than in the CON trial from 20 to 50 min, whereas the deep thigh or mean skin temperatures were not significantly different among the three groups. From 90 to 120 min, the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level in the NCIS trial was lower than that at 65 min; however, reductions were not seen in the HCIS and CON trials. These findings suggest that both HCIS ingestion and conventional NCIS ingestion were effective cooling strategies for reducing thermal strain, while HCIS ingestion may also enable a higher subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level to be maintained, ensuring an adequate supply of required muscle substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan ,grid.440874.b0000 0001 2183 8345Faculty of Law, Hokkai-Gakuen University, 4-1-40 Asahimachi Toyohira-ku, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 062-8605 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saito
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan ,grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori City, Tottori 683-8550 Japan
| | - Akihisa Morito
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Health Science Research R&D Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinomachi Kita-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 331-9530 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Health Science Research R&D Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinomachi Kita-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 331-9530 Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomasuda
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Research & Development Headquarters, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1, Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8633 Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan
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Ohigashi M, Osugi K, Kusunoki Y, Washio K, Matsutani S, Tsunoda T, Matsuo T, Konishi K, Katsuno T, Namba M, Koyama H. Association of time in range with hemoglobin A1c, glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:940-949. [PMID: 33058513 PMCID: PMC8169363 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycated albumin (GA) and 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) are used as indicators of glycemic control, whereas continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used to assess daily glucose profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between CGM metrics, such as time in range (TIR), and glycemic control indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out retrospective CGM and blood tests on 189 outpatients with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 22), type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 67) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 100). RESULTS In type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, HbA1c and GA were negatively correlated with TIR, whereas 1,5-AG was positively correlated with TIR. In type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG of 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.5-7.2%), 20.3% (95% CI 19.0-21.7%) and 6.0 µg/mL (95% CI 5.1-6.9 µg/mL), respectively. In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, a TIR of 70% corresponded to HbA1c, GA and 1,5-AG of 7.1% (95% CI 7.0-7.3%), 19.3% (95% CI 18.7-19.9%) and 10.0 µg/mL (95% CI 9.0-11.0 µg/mL), respectively. TIR values corresponding to HbA1c levels of 7.0% were 56.1% (95% CI 52.3-59.8%) and 74.2% (95% CI 71.3-77.2%) in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the estimated HbA1c corresponding to a TIR of 70% was approximately 7.0% for both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and that the estimated 1,5-AG calculated from the TIR of 70% might be different between type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Ohigashi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Keiko Osugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Kahori Washio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Satoshi Matsutani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Taku Tsunoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Toshihiro Matsuo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Kosuke Konishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsuno
- Department of Occupational TherapySchool of RehabilitationHyogo University of Health SciencesKobeHyogoJapan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Namba
- Department of Diabetes MellitusTakarazuka City HospitalTakarazukaHyogoJapan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical ImmunologyHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
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Yuan T, Liu S, Zhu C, Dong Y, Zhu H, Wu X, Tang Y, Zhao W. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Insulinoma Treated by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Ethanol Injection. Pancreas 2021; 50:183-188. [PMID: 33560091 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to analyze the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles of patients with insulinoma before and after treatment with endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol injection and assess the value of CGM in curative effect evaluating. METHODS We included 8 patients, and CGM was performed for 3 to 5 days before and after treatment. RESULTS The proportion of monitoring points at which the glucose level was lower than 3.9 mmol/L after treatment decreased in patient 5 (from 4% to 3%) and patient 8 (from 30% to 12%), whereas the proportion increased in patient 1 (from 1% to 16%), patient 3 (from 5% to 23%), and patient 7 (from 7% to 63%). There was no mean significant difference between CGM values (5.75 [standard deviation, 2.49] mmol/L) and self-monitoring of blood glucose values (5.76 [standard deviation, 2.32] mmol/L) (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed positive correlation between CGM values and self-monitoring of blood glucose values (r = 0.88, P < 0.05). Clarke Error Grid Analysis showed that 91.5% of pairs were located in areas A and B. CONCLUSIONS Continuous glucose monitoring is useful for detecting hypoglycemia and evaluating curative effect, but the correction of fingertip blood glucose is necessary when the blood glucose is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
| | - Shixuan Liu
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
| | | | - Yingyue Dong
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
| | - Xi Wu
- Departments of Gastroenterology
| | - Yan Tang
- Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission
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Sekido K, Sekido T, Kaneko A, Hosokawa M, Sato A, Sato Y, Yamazaki M, Komatsu M. Careful readings for a flash glucose monitoring system in nondiabetic Japanese subjects: individual differences and discrepancy in glucose concentrarion after glucose loading [Rapid Communication]. Endocr J 2017; 64:827-832. [PMID: 28740044 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej17-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The FreeStyle Libre Flash Glucose Monitoring System (FGM), which can continuously measure glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid glucose (FGM-ISFG), has been in clinical use worldwide. However, it is not clear how accurately FGM-ISFG reflects plasma glucose concentration (PG). In the present study, we examined the clinical utility of FGM by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In eight healthy volunteers (3 males; mean age, 41.8 y) wearing FGM sensors for 14 days, OGTT was performed during days 1-7 and days 8-14, and then both FGM-ISFG and PG were compared. Parkes error grid analysis indicated that all of 65 FGM-ISFG values were within Zone A (no effect on clinical action) and Zone B (little or no effect on clinical outcome). However, in OGTT, the mean FGM-ISFG was higher than the mean actual PG at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after loading (155.5 vs. 139.2 mg/dL, 166.2 vs. 139.2 mg/dL, 149.5 vs. 138.2 mg/dL, respectively; p<0.05). Moreover, the area under the curve of FGM-ISFG was also significantly larger than that of PG (17,626.2 vs. 15,195.0 min·mg/dL; p<0.05). In four of eight subjects, FGM-ISFG tended to be higher than PG in both OGTTs, and the greatest difference between the two values was 58 mg/dL. FGM is useful for glycemic control, whereas it is not appropriate to change therapeutic regimens based on the judgment of nocturnal hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia by FGM-ISFG. Careful attention is required for proper application of FGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sekido
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Sekido
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kaneko
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Manami Hosokawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamazaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Komatsu
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Sato J, Kanazawa A, Ikeda F, Shigihara N, Kawaguchi M, Komiya K, Uchida T, Ogihara T, Mita T, Shimizu T, Fujitani Y, Watada H. Effect of treatment guidance using a retrospective continuous glucose monitoring system on glycaemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res 2015; 44:109-21. [PMID: 26647072 PMCID: PMC5536570 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515600190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effect of treatment guidance based on data from a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device on glycaemic control, and patient satisfaction, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Patients with poorly-controlled T2DM treated with insulin were randomly assigned to the intervention or nonintervention group. Continuous blood-glucose levels were recorded for 4–5 days using a CGM device on three separate occasions during the 8-month study period. The intervention group received treatment guidance based on the CGM data; the nonintervention group received advice based on blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Results A total of 34 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean ± SD baseline HbA1c was 8.2 ± 1.2% in the intervention group and 8.2 ± 0.9% in the nonintervention group. At the study end, there was no significant difference in the change from baseline of HbA1c between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in the change from baseline in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score between the two groups. Conclusions The present study did not demonstrate that treatment guidance using retrospective CGM data was effective for improving glycaemic control and therapeutic satisfaction in Japanese patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Centre for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuki Ikeda
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nayumi Shigihara
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Kawaguchi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Komiya
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyoyoshi Uchida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Centre for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Centre for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Sportology Centre, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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