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Beasley B, Selberg K, Giguère S, Allen K. Magnetic resonance imaging characterisation of lesions within the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint – 28 cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Beasley
- Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - K. Selberg
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins ColoradoUSA
| | - S. Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - K. Allen
- Virginia Equine Imaging The Plains Virginia USA
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Kirkpatrick CJ, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. Palmar/plantar approach for radiographic-guided injection of the equine distal interphalangeal joint collateral ligament insertion. Vet Rec 2019; 184:527. [PMID: 30842259 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There are limited radiographic-guided injection techniques of the insertion of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) collateral ligaments. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a palmar/plantar radiographic-guided injection of the collateral ligament insertion in cadavers. Fifty limbs were used to develop the technique and 24 additional limbs were used to evaluate accuracy. An 18 G, 9 cm spinal needle was placed in the depression between the palmar digital neurovascular bundle and arch of the ungular cartilage with dorsodistal advancement towards the distal phalanx collateral fossa. Radiographs verified ideal needle location on the proximal border of the distal phalanx at the collateral fossa. Dye was injected. Hoof walls were partially removed and collateral ligaments were dissected with needles in place to determine needle and dye location. Accuracy of needle placement into the insertion of the DIPJ collateral ligament was 41/48 (85 per cent), with lower accuracy of dye within the ligament (34/48; 71 per cent). Dye entered the DIPJ in 2/48 injections, but dye entered periligamentous structures in 22/48 (46 per cent) injections. A palmar/plantar radiographic-guided injection of the insertion of the DIPJ collateral ligament had high accuracy rate with low injection rate of the DIPJ in cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jordan Kirkpatrick
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicolas S Ernst
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Troy N Trumble
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Jackson MA, Ohlerth S, Fürst AE. Use of an aiming device and computed tomography for assisted debridement of subchondral cystic lesions in the limbs of horses. Vet Surg 2018; 48:O15-O24. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Ohlerth
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anton E. Fürst
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD, McCoy AM, Selberg KT. Recent advances in conservative and surgical treatment options of common equine foot problems. Vet J 2018; 237:9-15. [PMID: 30089549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foot problems are very common causes of lameness in horses. With the recent diagnostic advances to evaluate and treat foot pathology as well as to monitor response to therapy, it is now possible to more accurately evaluate the effectiveness of many of these treatments. This review details some of the recent advances of the most common conservative and surgical treatment options for foot problems in horses, including an overview of evidence on the efficacy to support the use of these treatment options and on factors that may affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gutierrez-Nibeyro
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - A M McCoy
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K T Selberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mair TS, Sherlock CE, Blunden A. Clinical and low field magnetic resonance imaging features of osseous cyst-like lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones in seven horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic; Maidstone Kent UK
| | | | - A. Blunden
- Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park; Kentford Suffolk UK
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Chateau H, Camus M, Holden-Douilly L, Falala S, Ravary B, Vergari C, Lepley J, Denoix JM, Pourcelot P, Crevier-Denoix N. Kinetics of the forelimb in horses circling on different ground surfaces at the trot. Vet J 2014; 198 Suppl 1:e20-6. [PMID: 24511634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Circling increases the expression of distal forelimb lameness in the horse, depending on rein, diameter and surface properties of the circle. However, there is limited information about the kinetics of horses trotting on circles. The aim of this study was to quantify ground reaction force (GRF) and moments in the inside and outside forelimb of horses trotting on circles and to compare the results obtained on different ground surfaces. The right front hoof of six horses was equipped with a dynamometric horseshoe, allowing the measurement of 3-dimensional GRF, moments and trajectory of the centre of pressure. The horses were lunged at slow trot (3 m/s) on right and left 4 m radius circles on asphalt and on a fibre sand surface. During circling, the inside forelimb produced a smaller peak vertical force and the stance phase was longer in comparison with the outside forelimb. Both right and left circling produced a substantial transversal force directed outwards. On a soft surface (sand fibre), the peak transversal force and moments around the longitudinal and vertical axes of the hoof were significantly decreased in comparison with a hard surface (asphalt). Sinking of the lateral or medial part of the hoof in a more compliant surface enables reallocation of part of the transversal force into a proximo-distal force, aligned with the limb axis, thus limiting extrasagittal stress on the joints.
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Lamb MM, Barrett JG, White NA, Werre SR. ACCURACY OF LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING VERSUS RADIOGRAPHY FOR GUIDING INJECTION OF EQUINE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:174-81. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Lamb
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech University; VA 24601
| | - Jennifer G. Barrett
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech University; VA 24601
| | - Nathaniel A. White
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Virginia Tech University; VA 24601
| | - Stephen R. Werre
- Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis; Virginia Tech University; VA 24601
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Young AC, Dimock AN, Puchalski SM, Murphy B, Spriet M. Magnetic resonance and radiographic diagnosis of osseous resorption of the flexor surface of the distal phalanx in the horse. Equine Vet J 2012:3-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Young
- Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - A. N. Dimock
- Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - S. M. Puchalski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - B. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - M. Spriet
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; University of California; Davis California USA
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Denoix JM, Bertoni L, Heitzmann AG, Werpy N, Audigié F. Ultrasonographic examination of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses: Part A: Technique and normal images. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hobbs SJ, Licka T, Polman R. The difference in kinematics of horses walking, trotting and cantering on a flat and banked 10 m circle. Equine Vet J 2011; 43:686-94. [PMID: 21496095 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Locomotion adaptation mechanisms have been observed in horses, but little information is available in relation to banked and nonbanked curve locomotion, which might be important to optimise training environments. OBJECTIVES To determine if adaptation mechanisms in horses existed when moving on a banked compared to a flat curve and whether adaptation was similar in different gaits. METHODS Eight infrared cameras were positioned on the outside of a 10 m lungeing circle and calibrated. Retroreflective markers were used to define left and right metacarpus (McIII) and proximal phalanges (P1), metatarsus (MtIII), head and sacrum. Data were recorded at 308 Hz from 6 horses lunged at walk, trot and canter on a flat and 10° banked circle in a crossover design. Measurements extracted were speed, stride length, McIII inclination, MtIII inclination, relative body inclination and duty factor. Data were smoothed with a fourth order Butterworth filter with 30 Hz cut-off. ANOVA was used to determine differences between conditions and limbs. RESULTS Adaptation mechanisms were influenced by gait. At canter inside forelimb duty factor was significantly longer (P<0.05) on a flat curve compared to a banked curve; at walk this was reversed. McIII inclination, MtIII inclination and relative body inclination were significantly greater (P<0.05) at trot and canter on a flat curve, so more inward tilt was found relative to the bearing surface. CONCLUSION Adaptation to curved motion is gait specific. At faster gaits it appears that horses negotiate a banked curve with limb posture closer to body posture and probably with demands on the musculoskeletal system more similar to straight canter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hobbs
- University of Central Lancashire, Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, Preston University of Edinburgh, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, UK.
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Smith MRW, Crowe OC, Ellson C, Turner SJ, Patterson-Kane JC, Schramme MC, Smith RKW. Surgical treatment of osseous cyst-like lesions in the distal phalanx arising from collateral ligament insertional injury. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2005.tb00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint: Magnetic resonance imaging and post mortem observations in 25 lame and 12 control horses. Equine Vet J 2010; 40:538-44. [DOI: 10.2746/042516408x313661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Osseous abnormalities associated with collateral desmopathy of the distal interphalangeal joint: Part 1. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:786-93. [DOI: 10.2746/042516409x434125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dyson SJ, Murray R, Schramme M, Branch M. Collateral desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint in 18 horses (2001-2002). Equine Vet J 2010; 36:160-6. [PMID: 15038440 DOI: 10.2746/0425164044868693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There have been no previously published case series of horses examined using either scintigraphy or MRI to diagnose collateral ligament injuries not detectable using ultrasonography or radiography, nor have other concurrent soft tissue lesions been described. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features of horses with desmitis of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and to evaluate the results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. METHODS Horses were examined between January 2001 and January 2003 and were selected for inclusion in the study if there was unequivocal evidence of collateral desmitis of the DIP joint based on ultrasonography or MRI. Subject details, case history, results of clinical examination and responses to local analgesic techniques were reviewed. The results of radiographic, ultrasonographic, scintigraphic and MRI examinations were assessed. RESULTS Eighteen horses were identified with desmitis of a collateral ligament of the DIP joint, 3 horses (Group 1) based on ultrasonography alone, 7 (Group II) with positive ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance images and 8 (Group III) with no lesion detectable using ultrasonography, but lesions identified using MRI. Seventeen horses had forelimb injuries and one a hindlimb injury. The medial collateral ligament was injured most frequently (13 horses). In the majority of horses, no localising clinical signs were seen. Lameness was invariably worse in circles compared with straight lines. Lameness was improved by palmar digital analgesia in 16 horses (87%), but only 6 were nonlame. Intra-articular analgesia of the DIP joint produced improvement in lameness in 6/15 horses (40%). In 16 horses, no radiographic abnormality related to the DIP joint or collateral ligament attachments was identified. Eight of 14 horses (57%) had focal, moderately or intensely increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (IRU) at the site of insertion of the injured collateral ligament on the distal phalanx. Alteration in size and signal in the injured collateral ligament was identified using MRI. In addition, 5 horses had abnormal mineralisation and fluid in the distal phalanx at the insertion of the ligament. Eleven horses had concurrent soft tissue injuries involving the deep digital flexor tendon, distal sesamoidean impar ligament, navicular bursa or collateral ligament of the navicular bone. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Collateral desmitis of the DIP joint should be considered as a cause of foot lameness. Although some injuries are detectable ultrasonographically, false negative results occur. Focal IRU at the ligament insertion on the distal phalanx may be indicative of injury in some horses. MRI is useful for both characterisation of the injury and identification of any concurrent injuries. Further follow-up information is required to determine factors influencing prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
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Chateau H, Degueurce C, Denoix JM. Three-dimensional kinematics of the equine distal forelimb: effects of a sharp turn at the walk. Equine Vet J 2010; 37:12-8. [PMID: 15651728 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054406946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Sharp turns are suspected to increase expression of several distal forelimb lamenesses even at the walk but the biomechanical consequences of such a movement remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To quantify the effects of a sharp turn at the walk on the 3-dimensional movements of the distal segments of the forelimb. METHODS Kinematics of the distal segments were measured in 4 healthy horses invasively with an ultrasonic system. Three-dimensional rotations of the digital joints were calculated by use of a joint coordinate system. Data obtained for a turn at the walk were compared to those obtained in a straight line. RESULTS During the stance phase in a turn, the inside forelimb underwent an adduction that induced lateromotion and medial rotation in the distal interphalangeal joint and medial rotation in the proximal interphalangeal joint. These movements were maximal at heel-off and decreased during breakover as the hoof underwent a sudden lateral rotation. CONCLUSIONS Walking in a sharp turn affects the kinematics of the digital joints outside the sagittal plane. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE This knowledge offers the opportunity to derive hypotheses on biomechanical factors that could contribute to the pathogenesis of digital injuries and on consequences for rational shoeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chateau
- UMR INRA-ENVA de Biomécanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7Avenue du GI de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Osseous abnormalities associated with collateral desmopathy of the distal interphalangeal joint. Part 2: Treatment and outcome. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:794-9. [DOI: 10.2746/042516409x452170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Trope GD, Whitton RC. Medial collateral ligament desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint in the hindlimb of a horse: treatment with cast immobilisation. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:499-502. [PMID: 19930167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old show-jumping mare was presented for investigation of a chronic hindlimb lameness of 16 weeks duration. Perineural anaesthesia and ultrasonography localised the lesion to the medial collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint of the left hindlimb. Treatment consisted of a heavily padded distal limb cast for 6 weeks, strict box rest and a strictly regulated hand walking program. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed throughout the rehabilitation period. Collateral ligament desmitis of the distal interphalangeal joint is a commonly diagnosed condition of the forelimb; however, hindlimb collateral ligament desmitis has been rarely reported. Ultrasonographic examination in this case was an invaluable diagnostic and follow-up tool. Immobilisation of the foot by means of a heavily padded distal limb cast allowed excellent healing of the ligament and is presented as a novel treatment for collateral ligament desmitis. At the time of writing the mare had returned to her previous level of exercise and was showing no signs of lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Trope
- University of Melbourne, Equine Centre, Victoria, Australia.
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Zubrod CJ, Farnsworth KD, Tucker RL, Ragle CA. INJURY OF THE COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL JOINT DIAGNOSED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46:11-6. [PMID: 15693552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical, imaging, and necropsy findings of two horses with severe injury of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In MR images it was possible to examine the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint from the origin at the middle phalanx to the insertion on the distal phalanx. Both horses in this report had abnormal high signal intensity within the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint, and one horse had abnormal high signal intensity within the bone of the distal phalanx on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T2-weighted imaging sequences. High signal intensity on STIR and T2-weighted images represents abnormal fluid accumulation indicative of inflammation, within ligament, tendon, or bone on these imaging sequences. Abnormalities were confirmed on necropsy in both horses. Injury of the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint should be considered as a source of pain in horses with lameness localized to the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Zubrod
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 647060, Pullman, WA 99164-7060, USA.
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